196:
151:
893:
255:
1008:
45:
1110:
Apache allies. Having suffered only four Ranger casualties, plus over a dozen
Tonkawas, the force killed a reported 76 Comanche and took 16 prisoners and 300 horses. It had burned Iron Jacket's village and the original small village that they had attacked. Mention in history is limited, and none is in Ford's official reports on the battle, that the Tonkawa ate their dead Comanche rivals on the night of May 12 in what is referred to as a "dreadful feast".
1395:
1622:
262:
992:
issued explicit orders to Ford: "I impress upon you the necessity of action and energy. Follow any trail and all trails of hostile or suspected hostile
Indians you may discover and if possible, overtake and chastise them if unfriendly." Ford then raised a force of about 100 Texas Rangers and state militia. Realizing that even with
1046:, called Chief Placido of the Tonkawa to a war council, where Ross stirred Placido's anger against their mutual enemy. He succeeded in recruiting 120 or so Native Americans in this campaign, 111 of whom were Tonkawa under Chief Placido, hailed as the "faithful and implicitly trusted friend of the whites", the others being
1123:
Comancheria, attacked
Comanche villages with impunity and successfully made it home. The U.S. Army adopted many of Ford's tactics, including his attacking women and children as well as warriors, and destroying their food supply, the buffalo, in their campaigns against the Plains tribes after the Civil War.
1118:
Ford returned to Texas and requested that the governor immediately empower him to raise additional levies of
Rangers and return north at once to continue the campaign in the heart of the Comancheria. Runnels had exhausted the entire budget for defense for the year, though, and disbanded the Rangers.
953:
The years 1856â58 on the Texas frontier were particularly vicious and bloody as settlers continued to encroach into the
Comancheria. They plowed under valuable hunting grounds, and the Comanche lost grazing land for their herds of horses. In addition, the United States had done a great deal to block
1089:
Once he had advanced far into the Texas
Comancheria, Ford intended to go further, law or not. On April 15, his Rangers and the Indians from the Brazos Indian Reservation crossed the Red River and advanced into the portion of the Comancheria in the Indian Territories in Oklahoma. Ford knew full well
1060:
Ford's orders from
Runnels were to follow any and all trails of hostile and suspected hostile Indians, inflict the most severe punishment (kill them and their families, destroy their homes and food supplies) and allow no interference from "any source". ("Any source" meant the United States, whose
1109:
arrived with reinforcements, which led to a third distinct clash between the Texas forces and the
Comanche. At day's end, the Rangers and their allies retreated to Texas; the Comanches, though in retreat, were gathering reinforcements as more of their tribe arrived, together with Kiowa and Kiowa
991:
Ford, whose habit of signing casualty reports with the initials "RIP" for "Rest in Peace", was known as a ferocious and no-nonsense Indian fighter. Commonly missing from the history books was his proclivity for ordering the wholesale slaughter of any Indian, man or woman, he could find. Runnels
1122:
Although Ford was unable to continue this campaign, it changed the face of Indian fighting on the Plains and marked the beginning of the end for the
Comanche and Kiowa. Only the Civil War delayed the inevitable. For the first time, Texan or American forces had penetrated to the heart of the
1104:
At dawn on May 12, Ford attacked a small
Comanche village in the Canadian River Valley, flanked by the Antelope Hills. Later that day, they attacked a second village, which provided much stiffer resistance until its chief, Iron Jacket, was killed. His son
1887:
1880:
1873:
2440:
90:
2329:
965:, were trying to farm and live as settlers, the Comanche and Kiowa continued to live in that part of the Indian Territories that was traditionally the Comancheria, while raiding into Texas.
988:
and frontier Indian fighter, as captain and commander of the Ranger, militia and allied Indian forces, and ordered him to carry the battle to the Comanches in the heart of the Comancheria.
896:
View of the Antelope Hills battlefield, with the Antelope Hills in the background and the Canadian River the midground: The confluence with Little Robe Creek is downstream to the left.
310:
976:
was transferred from Texas to Utah (eventually, the U.S. Army disbanded the 2nd Cavalry, as it fell apart when the war began in 1860). The loss of federal troops led Texas Governor
957:
The Army proved wholly unable to stem the violence. Not only were units being transferred, but also federal law and numerous treaties barred the Army from attacking Indians in the
1090:
he was violating federal laws and numerous treaties by moving into the Indian territories but stated later that his job was to "find and fight Indians, not to learn geography."
2035:
2276:
517:
2291:
1610:
2324:
1383:
2430:
2181:
303:
2344:
2334:
2081:
1826:
1476:
254:
2055:
1086:, and if possible kill their warriors, decimate their food supply, strike at their homes and families, and generally destroy their ability to make war.
459:
2349:
2319:
954:
the Comanches' traditional raids into Mexico. Finally, the Comanches struck back with a series of ferocious and bloody raids against the settlers.
2410:
2281:
2420:
2314:
2060:
1836:
296:
1082:. Ford and Placido were determined to follow the Comanche and Kiowa up to their strongholds amid the hills of the Canadian River and into the
2415:
2339:
1955:
1810:
1747:
909:
510:
1731:
973:
2298:
936:. The hills are also called the "South Canadians", as they surround the Canadian River. The fighting on May 12, 1858, is often called the
1361:
1209:
1061:
Army and Indian agents might try to enforce federal treaties and federal law against trespassing on the Indian territories in Oklahoma).
2266:
1576:
2251:
2171:
2405:
1603:
275:
2211:
2146:
1831:
1376:
1251:
1670:
2261:
2221:
1770:
663:
503:
1588:
1930:
1665:
658:
638:
479:
2445:
2450:
2359:
2216:
576:
409:
2465:
2271:
1596:
1310:
The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement: A Century and a Half of Savage Resistance to the Advancing White Frontier
1193:
The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement: A Century and a Half of Savage Resistance to the Advancing White Frontier
759:
705:
564:
484:
2040:
1298:
700:
2460:
1785:
1711:
1640:
1369:
865:
608:
464:
2156:
924:. It began in western Texas and ended in a series of fights with the Comanche tribe on May 12, 1858, at a place called
1841:
1790:
1726:
1099:
937:
737:
688:
618:
591:
586:
434:
424:
1004:, he needed additional men, so he set out to recruit ones he did not have to pay, as he did his Rangers and militia.
603:
2475:
2470:
2400:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2111:
2076:
1696:
843:
838:
469:
414:
359:
1865:
2435:
2106:
1780:
1470:
781:
581:
419:
2151:
2121:
1447:
985:
2480:
2379:
2020:
1760:
1736:
1701:
925:
801:
980:
in 1858 to re-establish disbanded battalions of Texas Rangers. Thus, on January 27, 1858, Runnels appointed
892:
813:
796:
791:
754:
727:
693:
633:
613:
474:
454:
449:
384:
2364:
2136:
2116:
2050:
2010:
1854:
1805:
1453:
1413:
1075:
1043:
977:
880:
828:
823:
549:
389:
344:
1970:
1706:
571:
320:
2286:
2126:
1559:
1523:
905:
875:
870:
818:
747:
742:
668:
653:
559:
429:
554:
2455:
2196:
2045:
1965:
1925:
1553:
1535:
1529:
683:
394:
379:
364:
339:
28:
2206:
2025:
1915:
1541:
1399:
722:
717:
369:
1326:. Monograph of the American Ethnological Society, No. 21. Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.
2141:
2101:
1990:
1985:
1960:
1795:
1765:
1488:
1441:
1436:
969:
374:
1078:
in the Comancheria. In April 1858, Ford established Camp Runnels near what was once the town of
1007:
2425:
2091:
1920:
1775:
1655:
1511:
1247:
1205:
1083:
1035:
808:
776:
771:
766:
648:
643:
439:
354:
349:
32:
2231:
2131:
2000:
1980:
1721:
1691:
1660:
1626:
1482:
1464:
1240:
1012:
981:
958:
858:
853:
673:
598:
200:
2161:
1945:
1935:
1755:
1302:
1057:
They joined with roughly an equal number of Texas Rangers to move against the Comanches.
993:
848:
833:
678:
164:
2354:
2005:
1995:
1940:
1716:
1459:
1079:
1034:
On March 19, 1858, Ford went to the Brazos Reservation, near what today is the city of
929:
628:
544:
2394:
2374:
1800:
1650:
1645:
1001:
786:
623:
539:
444:
404:
334:
204:
195:
181:
156:
2186:
1419:
1039:
1028:
997:
732:
16:
1858 military campaign of the Texas Rangers against the Comanche and Kiowa peoples
2201:
2176:
2166:
2096:
1106:
921:
712:
527:
399:
214:
209:
76:
36:
2191:
2030:
2015:
1295:
1055:
51:
106:
92:
2086:
1975:
1547:
1356:
1336:
2369:
2256:
2226:
1950:
1517:
1494:
1394:
962:
933:
913:
173:
84:
1051:
1024:
168:
160:
44:
1047:
288:
1675:
1621:
1006:
917:
891:
177:
80:
972:
drew closer, federal forces were moved about even more, and the
1896:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
1869:
1592:
1365:
499:
292:
495:
1278:. Vero Beach, Florida 32964: Rourke Publications, Inc., 1992.
54:
in war regalia. Painting by Lino SĂĄnchez y Tapia, circa 1830s
1290:
The Junior Library of American Indians: The Comanche Indians
1074:
Scouts were sent to locate Comanche camps north of the
1023:
Among the traditional enemies of the Comanche were the
1042:
Captain L.S. Ross, father of future governor of Texas
261:
2441:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
2307:
2069:
1908:
1819:
1745:
1684:
1633:
1569:
1504:
1429:
1406:
1331:Indigenous Peoples of North America: The Comanche
1235:"Frontier Blood: The Saga of the Parker Family''
1333:. San Diego: Lucent Books Incorpoqration, 2000.
904:was a campaign from January to May 1858 by the
21:
1324:Changing Military Patterns on the Great Plains
1312:. Glendale, CA: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1933.
1285:. Mankato, Minnesota: Bridgestone Books, 1997.
1881:
1604:
1377:
1346:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1952.
1271:. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1989.
1027:Indians, then living on a reservation on the
511:
304:
8:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1344:The Comanches: Lords of the Southern Plains
1319:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989.
1292:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1993.
1254:. Later (2003) republished under the title
1171:The Comanches: Lords of the Southern Plains
2345:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
2330:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
1888:
1874:
1866:
1827:Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas
1611:
1597:
1589:
1384:
1370:
1362:
1244:The Comanches: The Destruction of a People
518:
504:
496:
311:
297:
289:
18:
1165:
1163:
928:by Little Robe Creek, a tributary of the
1342:Wallace, Ernest, and E. Adamson Hoebel.
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1169:Wallace, Ernest, and E. Adamson Hoebel.
1132:
1837:Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas
1337:"The Texas Comanches" on Texas Indians
1317:Indians of North America: The Comanche
1256:The Comanches: The History of a People
1156:Comanches: The Destruction of a People
1038:, to recruit the Tonkawa to join him.
1173:. University of Oklahoma Press. 1952.
961:. Although many Indians, such as the
7:
2325:Timeline of U.S. military operations
1283:Native Peoples: The Comanche Indians
1276:Native American People: The Comanche
2431:Native American history of Oklahoma
14:
2082:AmericanâAlgerian War (1785â1795)
1832:Congress of the Republic of Texas
1206:"The Battle of Little Robe Creek"
1620:
1393:
1070:Advancing from Texas to Oklahoma
260:
253:
194:
149:
43:
1212:from the original on 2007-09-30
67:January 21, 1858 â May 12, 1858
2411:Battles involving the Comanche
2360:List of anti-war organizations
268:Antelope Hills Expedition Area
118:Antelope Hills Expedition Area
1:
2421:Massacres of Native Americans
2272:War against the Islamic State
1357:The Antelope Hills expedition
2416:Battles involving the Apache
1811:Timelines of cities in Texas
908:and members of other allied
772:Battle of Ojo Caliente(1879)
1842:Texas Historical Commission
1100:Battle of Little Robe Creek
1094:Battle at Little Robe Creek
938:Battle of Little Robe Creek
460:North Fork of the Red River
2497:
2262:War in North-West Pakistan
2112:Second Sumatran expedition
2077:American Revolutionary War
1296:Native Americans: Comanche
1195:Arthur H. Clarke Co. 1933.
1097:
984:, a veteran Ranger of the
949:Reasons for the expedition
2406:1858 in the United States
2107:First Sumatran expedition
1901:
1850:
1471:Antelope Hills Expedition
1246:. New York: Knopf, 1974,
1241:Fehrenbach, Theodore Reed
902:Antelope Hills expedition
582:Antelope Hills Expedition
535:
330:
248:
233:
220:
187:
142:
59:
42:
26:
22:Antelope Hills expedition
2061:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
2021:Battle of Blair Mountain
1019:Recruiting Indian allies
797:Battle of Tres Castillos
279:Location within Oklahoma
2320:Wars involving the U.S.
2157:PhilippineâAmerican War
2041:1960s ghetto rebellions
1233:Exley, Jo Ella Powell,
2365:Conscientious objector
2267:First Libyan Civil War
2137:Second Fiji expedition
2117:Ivory Coast expedition
2051:1992 Los Angeles riots
2011:Colorado Coalfield War
1903:Listed chronologically
1454:Cutthroat Gap Massacre
1308:Richardson, Rupert N.
1191:Richardson, Rupert N.
1044:Lawrence Sullivan Ross
1015:
982:John Salmon "Rip" Ford
897:
188:Commanders and leaders
2451:Texas Ranger Division
2335:Territorial evolution
2315:Conflicts in the U.S.
2237:Intervention in Haiti
2127:First Fiji expedition
1560:Oklahoma City bombing
1524:Crazy Snake Rebellion
1422:(9thâ15th century CE)
1416:(11th millennium BCE)
1407:Prior to 19th century
1329:Streissguth, Thomas.
1010:
895:
881:Guadalupe Canyon 1896
609:Bonneville Expedition
239:~50 killed or wounded
234:Casualties and losses
134:United States victory
107:35.90417°N 99.88444°W
2466:February 1858 events
2197:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2152:SpanishâAmerican War
2122:MexicanâAmerican War
2046:Kent State shootings
2036:Puerto Rican revolts
1966:American Indian Wars
1554:Red River Bridge War
1536:Osage Indian murders
1530:Green Corn Rebellion
1448:ComancheâMexico Wars
986:MexicanâAmerican War
755:Buffalo Hunters' War
480:Staked Plains Horror
475:Buffalo Hunters' War
276:class=notpageimage|
29:American Indian Wars
2461:January 1858 events
2212:Invasion of Grenada
2207:Dominican Civil War
1542:Tulsa race massacre
1400:History of Oklahoma
1315:Rollings, Willard.
760:Yellow House Canyon
664:2nd Dragoon Springs
659:1st Dragoon Springs
565:Ojo Caliente Canyon
485:Yellow House Canyon
370:Council House Fight
112:35.90417; -99.88444
102: /
2252:War in Afghanistan
2222:Invasion of Panama
2217:Lebanese Civil War
2142:Formosa Expedition
2102:Second Barbary War
2056:2020 racial unrest
1991:Johnson County War
1986:Lincoln County War
1961:American Civil War
1956:Harpers Ferry raid
1931:Turner's Rebellion
1489:Oklahoma Territory
1442:Arkansas Territory
1437:Louisiana Purchase
1339:(August 14, 2005).
1305:(August 13, 2005).
1301:2011-09-11 at the
1016:
970:American Civil War
959:Indian Territories
898:
644:Gallinas Mountains
2476:April 1858 events
2471:March 1858 events
2446:TexasâIndian Wars
2401:Conflicts in 1858
2388:
2387:
2350:Casualties of war
2182:Russian Civil War
2147:Korean Expedition
2092:First Barbary War
1971:BrooksâBaxter War
1926:Fries's Rebellion
1921:Whiskey Rebellion
1863:
1862:
1820:Government agency
1656:Republic of Texas
1586:
1585:
1518:State of Oklahoma
1512:State of Sequoyah
1414:Cooper Bison Kill
1154:Fehrenbach, T.R.
1084:Wichita Mountains
1036:Fort Worth, Texas
978:Hardin R. Runnels
889:
888:
876:Cherry Creek 1890
871:Kelvin Grade 1889
777:Las Animas Canyon
738:Salt River Canyon
639:Florida Mountains
587:Little Robe Creek
572:TexasâIndian wars
493:
492:
440:Comanche Campaign
425:Little Robe Creek
350:Arroyo Seco Fight
322:TexasâIndian wars
287:
286:
138:
137:
33:Texas-Indian Wars
2488:
2436:Indian Territory
2340:Military history
2299:Yemeni civil war
2232:Somali Civil War
2132:Second Opium War
2001:Homestead strike
1916:Shays' Rebellion
1890:
1883:
1876:
1867:
1661:Texas annexation
1627:History of Texas
1625:
1624:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1483:Washita Massacre
1465:Indian Territory
1398:
1397:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1288:Mooney, Martin.
1260:Foster, Morris.
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1013:John "Rip" Ford.
994:repeating rifles
920:villages in the
866:Post 1887 period
859:Pinito Mountains
844:Little Dry Creek
701:Black Hawk's War
577:Diablo Mountains
530:
520:
513:
506:
497:
470:Palo Duro Canyon
410:Diablo Mountains
325:
323:
313:
306:
299:
290:
264:
263:
257:
201:John Salmon Ford
199:
198:
155:
153:
152:
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
119:
114:
113:
108:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
61:
60:
47:
19:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2481:May 1858 events
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2303:
2162:Boxer Rebellion
2065:
1946:Bleeding Kansas
1904:
1897:
1894:
1864:
1859:
1846:
1815:
1741:
1697:Border disputes
1680:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1587:
1582:
1565:
1500:
1425:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1353:
1303:Wayback Machine
1230:
1228:Further reading
1225:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1134:
1129:
1116:
1102:
1096:
1072:
1067:
1021:
951:
946:
932:in what is now
912:tribes against
910:Native American
890:
885:
782:Hembrillo Basin
689:Doubtful Canyon
599:Chiricahua Wars
592:1st Adobe Walls
531:
526:
524:
494:
489:
465:2nd Adobe Walls
435:1st Adobe Walls
326:
321:
319:
317:
283:
282:
281:
280:
278:
272:
271:
270:
269:
265:
243:
213:
203:
193:
180:
176:
167:
163:
159:
150:
148:
117:
115:
111:
109:
105:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
87:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Peace movement
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Pullman Strike
2003:
1998:
1996:Coal Creek War
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Dorr Rebellion
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1855:Years in Texas
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1771:Corpus Christi
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:Jewish history
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1676:State of Texas
1673:
1671:Reconstruction
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1460:Indian Removal
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:External links
1349:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1322:Secoy, Frank.
1320:
1313:
1306:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1267:Frazier, Ian.
1265:
1262:Being Comanche
1258:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1197:
1175:
1159:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1115:
1112:
1098:Main article:
1095:
1092:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1020:
1017:
1002:Colt revolvers
950:
947:
945:
942:
930:Canadian River
926:Antelope Hills
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
834:Lordsburg Road
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
809:Geronimo's War
805:
804:
802:Carrizo Canyon
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
767:Victorio's War
763:
762:
757:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
708:
703:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
604:Cooke's Spring
601:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
545:Point of Rocks
542:
536:
533:
532:
525:
523:
522:
515:
508:
500:
491:
490:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
420:Antelope Hills
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
331:
328:
327:
318:
316:
315:
308:
301:
293:
285:
284:
274:
273:
267:
266:
259:
258:
252:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
218:
217:
207:
190:
189:
185:
184:
171:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
40:
39:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2493:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:War on terror
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Texas Rangers
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:Civil War era
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Mexican Texas
1649:
1647:
1646:Spanish Texas
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:Lodge, Sally.
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:0-394-48856-3
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:Sharps rifles
995:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
955:
948:
943:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:Texas Rangers
903:
894:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Devil's Creek
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
824:McMillenville
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:Cibecue Creek
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:Fort Tularosa
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:Fort Buchanan
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Cookes Canyon
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:Bascom Affair
622:
620:
619:Mimbres River
617:
615:
614:Madera Canyon
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Jicarilla War
538:
537:
534:
529:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
502:
501:
498:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
455:Blanco Canyon
453:
451:
448:
446:
445:Red River War
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Devil's River
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Jicarilla War
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
385:Village Creek
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:Comanche Wars
333:
332:
329:
324:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
295:
294:
291:
277:
256:
247:
241:
238:
237:
232:
228:
225:
224:
219:
216:
211:
208:
206:
202:
197:
192:
191:
186:
183:
179:
175:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:United States
147:
146:
141:
133:
130:
129:
124:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
53:
50:Comanches of
46:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2187:World War II
1981:Hamburg riot
1641:French Texas
1570:21st century
1505:20th century
1450:(1821â1870s)
1430:19th century
1420:Spiro Mounds
1343:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1289:
1282:
1281:Lund, Bill.
1275:
1269:Great Plains
1268:
1261:
1255:
1243:
1234:
1214:. Retrieved
1200:
1192:
1170:
1155:
1121:
1117:
1103:
1088:
1073:
1059:
1040:Indian agent
1033:
1029:Brazos River
1022:
990:
967:
956:
952:
901:
899:
849:Nacori Chico
829:Big Dry Wash
728:Burro Canyon
555:Bell's Fight
390:Bandera Pass
360:San Gabriels
345:Stone Houses
143:Belligerents
49:
27:Part of the
2456:Apache Wars
2242:Bosnian War
2202:Vietnam War
2177:World War I
2167:Banana Wars
2097:War of 1812
1806:San Antonio
1766:Brownsville
1707:Indian Wars
1491:(1890â1907)
1479:(1861â1865)
1467:(1834â1907)
1444:(1819â1824)
1107:Peta Nocona
1031:in Texas.
974:2nd Cavalry
922:Comancheria
854:Bear Valley
819:Fort Apache
748:Sunset Pass
743:Turret Peak
733:Tonto Basin
713:Yavapai War
706:Pipe Spring
669:Apache Pass
654:Pinos Altos
560:Cieneguilla
550:Wagon Mound
528:Apache Wars
450:Warren Raid
430:Pease River
400:Apache Wars
340:Fort Parker
244:16 captured
215:Peta Nocona
210:Iron Jacket
110: /
77:Comancheria
37:Apache Wars
2395:Categories
2380:War crimes
2247:Kosovo War
2192:Korean War
2172:Border War
2031:Bonus Army
2026:Tulsa riot
2016:Red Summer
1936:Mormon War
1786:Fort Worth
1722:Revolution
1692:Annexation
1577:OU Bombing
1216:2007-08-20
1127:References
1065:Expedition
944:Background
723:Wickenburg
718:Camp Grant
684:Mount Gray
380:Plum Creek
375:Great Raid
365:The Neches
116: (
97:99°53â˛04âłW
94:35°54â˛15âłN
52:West Texas
2087:Quasi-War
1976:Range War
1791:Galveston
1634:By period
1548:Dust Bowl
1495:Land runs
1477:Civil War
1114:Aftermath
1076:Red River
242:76 killed
2426:Comanche
2370:Cold War
2287:Cameroon
2257:Iraq War
2227:Gulf War
1951:Utah War
1909:Domestic
1756:Amarillo
1717:Oil boom
1685:By topic
1299:Archived
1210:Archived
1048:Anadarko
963:Cherokee
934:Oklahoma
914:Comanche
355:Killough
221:Strength
174:Comanche
165:Anadarko
85:Oklahoma
72:Location
2308:Related
2070:Foreign
1796:Houston
1781:El Paso
1727:Slavery
1702:Forests
1550:(1930s)
1538:(1920s)
1497:(1890s)
1080:Belknap
1052:Shawnee
1025:Tonkawa
968:As the
674:Big Bug
649:Placito
229:200â600
205:Placido
169:Shawnee
161:Tonkawa
1801:Laredo
1776:Dallas
1761:Austin
1579:(2005)
1562:(1995)
1556:(1931)
1544:(1921)
1532:(1917)
1526:(1909)
1520:(1907)
1514:(1905)
1485:(1868)
1473:(1858)
1456:(1833)
1250:
1011:Capt.
395:Muncey
182:Apache
154:
131:Result
2292:Libya
2282:Syria
918:Kiowa
679:Mowry
629:Tubac
178:Kiowa
81:Texas
2277:Iraq
1748:city
1737:Vice
1248:ISBN
1050:and
1000:and
916:and
900:The
787:Alma
226:~220
64:Date
1746:By
2397::
1208:.
1178:^
1162:^
1135:^
996:,
940:.
83:,
79:,
35:,
31:,
1889:e
1882:t
1875:v
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
1385:e
1378:t
1371:v
1264:.
1237:,
1219:.
1054:.
519:e
512:t
505:v
312:e
305:t
298:v
212:â
120:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
