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led to the Bengal
Tenancy Act of 1885, a piece of progressive legislation which protected tenant farmers from rack-rents and arbitrary eviction; a similar measure was introduced to the Northwest Provinces during his lieutenant-governorship there. However it would appear that MacDonnell was not liked within the upper echelons of the service he came to occupy. His position had been achieved through intellectual ability and dedication to each task set before him, yet he was looked down upon as his background was certainly not that of a 'gentleman,' lacking the familial connections of this contemporaries. He did, however, have a powerful friend in
517:, which allowed tenants to buy their holdings from landlords through a system of state-provided loans. Plans for reform of the Dublin Castle administration were also brought forward. Following on from these administrative reforms, MacDonnell entered more politically dangerous territory, by collaborating with several liberal landlords led by the Fourth Earl of Dunraven in drawing up a plan for the devolution of some governmental authority from the Westminster parliament to an elected council in Dublin, albeit in a manner consistent with the
543:, a strong unionist. MacDonnell was formally censured by the Cabinet for exceeding his powers, but remained in office. Although unable to defend himself in parliament, many aristocratic associates from his service in India remained favorably disposed towards him and defended his position. He was also helped by the fact, known among prominent government figures, that he enjoyed the strong support of King Edward VII, to whom he was quite close.
727:, in 1911, to address the Literary and Debating Society of which he had been a distinguished officer in his student days. After a speech setting out a proposal for a workable solution to Irish agrarian demands, he finished with the patriotic lines: "Oh brave young men, my pride, my hope, my promise/It is on you my heart is set/In manliness, in kindliness, in justice,/To make Ireland a nation yet."
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315:. Curzon admired MacDonnell's tenacious capabilities when faced with drastic problems, qualities that were gravely lacking within Curzon himself. A further insight on MacDonnell's isolation was Curzon's somewhat cutting reference to MacDonnell as "singularly lacking any human emotion." Nevertheless, Sir Antony MacDonnell rose to some of the highest civilian offices within the
303:, requested that MacDonnell again take charge of Bengal as Lieutenant-Governor, an offer he declined due to fatigue and the frail health of his wife. He became President of the Indian Famine Commission in 1901. In that year, due to his own ill-health and that of his wife, he resigned office and left India to return to London.
236:(then known as the Literary and Scientific Society) at Queen's College, holding the office of vice-auditor for the 1863–1864 session. He was referred to by one of his professors as the finest debater the professor had ever seen. On leaving university in 1864, MacDonnell successfully sat the entrance examination for the
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MacDonnell entered into lengthy negotiations with
Lansdowne and the Chief Secretary, George Wyndham, regarding the terms under which he would accept the position; he was not content to occupy the traditional role of an administrative civil servant, with little input into the formulation of policy. He
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shortly before a royal visit to
Ireland in 1907. His relationship with Birrell was never comfortable, and, frustrated by the lack of progress towards a workable scheme of devolution for Ireland, he resigned his post in July 1908, at the age of 64. He was a delegate for the Southern Unionists during
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MacDonnell is acknowledged as one of the ablest men to work in the Indian Civil
Service, particularly in dealing with famine relief. His policies on the management of famine conditions are credited with preventing the loss of million of lives. His concern for the rights of tenants and smallholders
492:
MacDonnell's choice to return to head the Irish administration was surprising for several reasons. The position and authority that MacDonnell enjoyed in India was greater than any he could hope to hold as Under-Secretary in
Ireland. Additionally, the Government in London was in the hands of the
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It quickly became publicly known that MacDonnell had assisted the Irish Reform
Association in the drafting of the scheme. This enraged Ulster Unionist interests, who had in any event been suspicious of MacDonnell due to his known sympathies toward Home Rule. The events precipitated a political
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and a
Catholic. The decision to offer the role to MacDonnell may have had its origins in the Conservative policy of "killing Home Rule with kindness". It is clear that MacDonnell saw his role as far more significant than that of an administrative functionary. At the time of his appointment as
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Under-Secretary, he was also given a seat on the
Council of India, to provide an alternative should his time in Ireland fail to meet his expectations. His commitment to Ireland, however, had become clear by 1903, in which year he was offered a return to India as Governor of Bombay;
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MacDonnell retired to London and withdrew in large part from public life. His contributions to the House of Lords tended to focus on Irish and Indian matters. He served as
Chairman of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service between 1912 and 1914, and as a member of the
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In the year 1895, Antony
Patrick MacDonnell was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of North West Province and Oudh. He served in this position till the year 1901. Honouring a request for funds towards construction of a hostel at
299:). Here, in 1896, he was once again faced with famine; his efforts in the management of the famine were recognised when he was made a Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India (GCSI) in 1898. In that same year, the viceroy,
319:. His strength and tenacity earned MacDonnell the soubriquet "The Bengal Tiger"; a colleague observed: "If Antony and another are cast away in an open boat and only one of them can live, it will not be Antony who is eaten."
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Lord MacDonnell died after a brief illness at his home in London on 9 June 1925, aged 81. Leaving no male heir, his barony became extinct at his death. A statue of MacDonnell by Sir George Frampton was erected at
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485:, his former superior as Viceroy of India, to the Chief Secretary for Ireland that MacDonnell be offered the position of Permanent Under-Secretary for Ireland, the administrative head of the Irish government.
525:, and published the outline of the scheme in a 1904 manifesto; Lord Dunraven requested that MacDonnell formulate the plan in greater detail. Understanding that he had the support of the new Lord Lieutenant,
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MacDonnell's early years as Under-Secretary were a success. The Conservative Chief Secretary, Wyndham, was supportive of constructive steps to reform systems of land tenure in Ireland, and the 1902
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562:, which sought to initiate a committee of Irish M.P.s to deal with legislation relating purely to Ireland. The initiative was unsuccessful, failing to secure the support of a majority of
529:, as well as Wyndham, MacDonnell proceeded to draft a document on Dublin Castle notepaper which constituted a second devolution manifesto, and sent it to Dunraven, who had it published.
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eventually accepted the office of Under-Secretary on the explicit understanding that he would be given "adequate opportunities of influencing the policy and acts of the administration".
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of 1917–18. He accepted only two company directorships – of the Midland Great Western Railway Company, and the National Bank, of which he became vice-chairman. On the creation of the
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MacDonnell's latter years in office were less eventful. One of the most colourful incidents of his later career was the crisis surrounding the theft of the regalia of the
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539:, but by March 1905, due to repeated Unionist attacks, his position as Chief Secretary had become untenable and he was forced to resign from Cabinet. He was replaced by
330:
list published in June that year. He was also appointed a member of the Council of India in October October 1902. It was expected that he would be appointed Governor of
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264:, published in 1876. He was appointed Accountant-General to the Provincial Government at Calcutta in 1881, and later Revenue Secretary of the province. In 1886,
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217:, County Mayo, on 7 March 1844, to Mark Garvey MacDonnell (1807–1889), a local Catholic landlord, and his wife, Bedelia (née O'Hara). He was educated at
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359:, MacDonnell sanctioned Rs. 20,000 from the provincial budget in 1900 for the construction of a hostel to meet lodging problems of the students at the
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201:(1889–1890); Home Secretary to the Central Government of India (1886–1889); Secretary to the Government of Bengal and the Bengal Legislative Council.
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MacDonnell was known to be sympathetic to the cause of Irish Home Rule, and his return to London elicited an offer to join his brother, Dr
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229:. His main area of study was the field of modern languages, and he graduated with first class honors in 1864, winning the Peel Gold Medal.
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In retirement, he retained his strong interest in matters of Irish land reform. He returned to his alma mater, by then known as
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Little is known of MacDonnell's early life, as he left no memoirs nor any letters. He participated in the
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on 11 August 1902, following an announcement of the King's intention to make this appointment in the
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appointed him Home Secretary to the Central Government of India; two years later, he was created
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civil servant, much involved in the Indian land reform and famine relief in India. He was
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in 1921, he was offered a seat in the new Senate, which he declined "with much regret".
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Lord MacDonnell married Henrietta MacDonell, daughter of Ewen MacDonell, chief of the
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intervened to persuade MacDonnell that he was needed more in Ireland than in India.
1057:"Sitter: Henriette Lady MacDonnell, and her daughter Miss Anne Margaret MacDonnell"
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Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh
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1908–1925: The Right Honourable the Lord MacDonnell of Swinford, GCSI, KCVO, PC
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administration. Bryce relied heavily on MacDonnell, as did his successor,
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British Imperial Policy in India and Sri Lanka, 1858-1912: A Reassessment
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On arrival in India, MacDonnell served initially in various districts of
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639: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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363:. The construction work was completed in March 1904 and a hostel of
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Burke, Sir Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (17 September 1910).
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Crane, Robert I.; Barrier, Norman Gerald (17 September 1981).
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The MacDonnell Hostel, Aftab Hall, Aligarh Muslim University
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in that year, but instead he opted to accept an offer from
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Permanent Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
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Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
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in the County of Mayo (a town close to his birthplace).
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replaced Long as Chief Secretary for Ireland in the new
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Food-Grain Supply and Famine Relief in Bihar and Bengal
521:. The landowners involved formed a group known as the
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In 1895, MacDonnell became Lieutenant-Governor of the
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MacDonnell was born at Palmfield House, Shragh Lower,
940:. No. 36904. London. 21 October 1902. p. 6.
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crisis; Wyndham repudiated the scheme in a letter to
589:MacDonnell was appointed a Knight Commander of the
346:, the administrative head of the Irish Government.
272:(C.S.I.). In 1889, he became Chief Commissioner of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1326:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
925:. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.
804:Burnand, Sir Francis Cowley (17 September 1924).
1152:Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa
783:1903–1908: Sir Antony MacDonnell, GCSI, KCVO, PC
546:On the fall of the Balfour government in 1905,
143:Antony Patrick MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell
1306:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
344:Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Ireland
1296:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
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1286:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
1125:Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces
821:Gwynn, Stephen Lucius (17 September 1919).
367:was named the MacDonnell Hostel after him.
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780:1902–1903: Sir Antony MacDonnell, GCSI, PC
699:Learn how and when to remove this message
648:"Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell"
465:Learn how and when to remove this message
414:"Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:"Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell"
240:, and was posted to Bengal, arriving in
225:, and at the age of fifteen enrolled at
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193:(1893–1895); Chief Commissioner of the
165:(7 March 1844 – 9 June 1925), known as
777:1898–1902: Sir Antony MacDonnell, GCSI
774:1893–1898: Sir Antony MacDonnell, KCSI
1336:People educated at Summerhill College
1076:"MacDonnell, Baron of Swinford"
276:; in 1890, Chief Commissioner of the
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853:. Alexander Thom. 17 September 1875.
637:adding citations to reliable sources
403:adding citations to reliable sources
189:(1895–1901); Lieutenant-Governor of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
807:The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook
324:Privy Council of the United Kingdom
197:(1890–1893); Chief Commissioner of
185:(1902); Lieutenant-Governor of the
1281:Alumni of the University of Galway
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771:1888–1893: Antony MacDonnell, CSI
361:Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College
297:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
187:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
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515:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903
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1321:Members of the Council of India
1276:Administrators in British Burma
1193:Sir James John Digges La Touche
988:. 11 August 1903. p. 5057.
910:. 12 August 1902. p. 5174.
890:. 3 October 1893. p. 5552.
624:needs additional citations for
390:needs additional citations for
234:Literary & Debating Society
45:needs additional citations for
27:Irish civil servant (1844–1925)
1316:Lieutenant-governors of Bengal
1028:. 22 March 1912. p. 2087.
850:The Queens University Calandar
577:", from the Office of Arms in
270:Companion of the Star of India
169:between 1893 and 1908, was an
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1228:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1210:Lieutenant-governor of Bengal
1059:. Lafayette Negative Archive.
952:"Aftab Hall: an Introduction"
1008:. 7 July 1908. p. 4938.
768:1844–1888: Antony MacDonnell
322:MacDonnell was sworn of the
1341:People from Ballaghaderreen
1331:Peers created by Edward VII
1090:Alexander Thom and Son Ltd.
371:Under-Secretary for Ireland
340:Chief Secretary for Ireland
177:(1902–1908); Member of the
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282:Order of the Star of India
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936:"The Council of India".
523:Irish Reform Association
479:Mark Anthony MacDonnell
328:1902 Coronation Honours
289:North-Western Provinces
227:Queen's College, Galway
1083:Thom's Irish Who's Who
870:. Heritage Publishers.
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1203:Charles Alfred Elliot
968:on 28 September 2015.
591:Royal Victorian Order
564:Irish Nationalist MPs
167:Sir Antony MacDonnell
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810:. Burns & Oates.
633:improve this article
571:Order of St. Patrick
399:improve this article
295:(later known as the
238:Indian Civil Service
54:improve this article
1220:Alexander Mackenzie
1162:Alexander Mackenzie
1118:Alexander Mackenzie
1110:Government offices
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1005:The London Gazette
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560:Irish Council Bill
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631:Please help
626:verification
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47:verification
44:
1271:1925 deaths
1266:1844 births
1172:Alan Cadell
1045:. Harrison.
1020:"No. 28592"
1000:"No. 28156"
980:"No. 27586"
902:"No. 27464"
882:"No. 26446"
548:James Bryce
541:Walter Long
527:Lord Dudley
317:British Raj
309:Lord Curzon
211:Carracastle
1260:Categories
1245:1908–1925
1214:1893–1895
1187:1893–1895
1156:1893–1895
1129:1889–1893
1100:Wikisource
1088:. Dublin:
791:References
659:newspapers
605:Retirement
425:newspapers
365:Aftab Hall
301:Lord Elgin
205:Early life
80:newspapers
1095:149
938:The Times
923:The Times
759:in 1907.
753:Talukdars
536:The Times
110:June 2007
1249:Extinct
599:Swinford
455:May 2016
284:(KCSI).
242:Calcutta
181:(1902);
162:PC (Ire)
751:by the
749:Lucknow
739:of the
673:scholar
552:Liberal
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666:books
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432:books
274:Burma
254:Bihar
248:India
199:Burma
171:Irish
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87:books
829:ISBN
757:Oudh
652:news
418:news
311:the
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291:and
256:and
155:KCVO
148:GCSI
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