Anti-tank warfare - Knowledge

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rounds and had a recoil that was unsustainable by the mechanism or the rifleman. Stick grenades were used to destroy the tracks by individual pioneers, however this required accompanying machine-gunners to first separate the supporting Allied infantry line from the tanks, which proved difficult. Another tactic was to lure the tank beyond the German trench-line, re-establishing it just as the Allied infantry approached. The tank would then be engaged by the divisional 7.7 cm guns brought forward, that would try to disable the tracks with ordinary HE shells (and later AP ammunition). If the crews of the disabled tanks refused to surrender, they were engaged with flamethrowers, or a mortar would be fired on the stricken vehicle until a direct hit was achieved on the top surface, usually resulting in an internal fire. Finally, anti-tank obstacles were prepared on the likely approaches by deepening and widening existing ground cratering, the precursors of the

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kilometers, which was also the range at which German Panther and Tiger tank gunners were trained to fire. Anti-tank guns were usually deployed to cover terrain more suitable for tanks, and were protected by minefields laid at about 500 meters to 1 kilometer from their positions by combat engineers. In the Red Army the anti-tank rifle units would be positioned throughout the forward trench line and would engage the lighter tanks and any other vehicles, such as infantry half-tracks in an attempt to separate them from the tanks. The anti-tank guns deployed further back would often hold their fire until enemy tanks were within the most effective range for their ammunition. Where there were insufficient anti-tank weapons, engineers would construct anti-tank obstacles such as

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attack. Conventional artillery shells were very effective against the tank's thinner top armor if fired in appropriate density while the tanks were concentrated, enabling direct hits by a sufficiently powerful shell. Even a non-penetrating shell could still disable a tank through dynamic shock, internal armor shattering or simply overturning the tank. More importantly the tanks could be disabled due to damage to tracks and wheels, and their supporting vehicles and personnel could be damaged and killed, reducing unit's ability to fight in the longer term. Because tanks were usually accompanied by infantry mounted on trucks or

1509: 2768: 601: 1590:) and artillery of the German tanks and so forced the tanks to halt at short distances from the concealed anti-tank guns leaving them exposed to fire from larger, longer ranged anti-tank guns. PTRS-41 semi-automatic anti-tank rifles were also used for sniping since an additional tracer round enabled rapid fire adjustment by the gunner. Although optical sniper scopes were tried with the PTRS-41, the weapons proved too inaccurate at sniping distances (800 m or more), and the recoil too much for effective use of the scopes. 702: 77: 323: 776:– up to 25 km (16 mi) deep from the forward positions to the rear line – were intended to prevent a surprise attack and delay any attack while the French Army was mobilized. With the relative numerical inferiority between the France and Germany, it was a more effective use of manpower. Within the line, passive anti-tank obstacles were supported by anti-infantry and anti-tank bunkers. After Belgium declared neutrality in 1936, France began work on extending the line along the Belgian border. 963:. The former regarded the tank as a mobile artillery system to be used for infantry support. This suggested that the infantry needed to be armed with integral anti-tank weapons. The latter advocated use of tanks in the traditional cavalry way of high-tempo attacks intended to outflank the enemy infantry and sever its communication lines. This approach suggested that the tank was the best anti-tank system, and only limited anti-tank troops were required to accompany them. For this reason the late 30s 858:

of armor plating and observed the blocks having the manufacturing letters recessed (vs. raised) cut an imprint of the manufacturing letters into the armor plate—the birth of the shaped-charged explosive which focuses the blast energy caused by an indentation on the surface area of an explosive. Although shaped charges are somewhat more difficult to manufacture, the advantage is that the projectile does not require as high velocity as typical kinetic energy shells, yet on impact it creates a high-

1211: 1403: 1014: 2731: 1987:. Its experience therefore failed to influence the US Army's anti-tank doctrine prior to 1944. From 1941, German anti-tank tactics developed rapidly as a result of being surprised by the previously unknown Soviet tank designs, forcing introduction of new technologies and new tactics. The Red Army was also faced with a new challenge in anti-tank warfare after losing most of its tank fleet and a considerable part of its anti-tank capable cannons. 1967: 1721: 1457:

turret, and casualties from artillery fire soon led to the introduction of folding armor turret covers. Near the war's end, a change in official doctrine caused both the self-propelled tank destroyer and the towed antitank gun to fall from favor in U.S. service, increasingly replaced by conventional tanks or infantry level antitank weapons. Despite this change, the M36 tank destroyer continued in service, and was used in combat as late as the

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overhead cover could be constructed. Guns deployed on reverse slopes and in flanking positions could take a toll of attacking tanks. However, gun crews were vulnerable to artillery, mortar HE fire and enemy infantry. Their positions had to be carefully selected and once engaged, they generally could not redeploy. Experience strongly suggested that towed AT guns were less effective than self-propelled AT weapons and took heavier casualties.

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The relative ease with which the older models of Red Army's tank fleet were destroyed by German anti-tank weapons, using tactics already seen in Spain, once and for all focused Stavka attention on anti-tank warfare as Soviet armies were repeatedly encircled by panzer-led strategic pincer maneuvers. Of the major iconic Soviet weapons of the Second World War, two were made exclusively for anti-tank warfare, the

1422:" (TD). The tank destroyer was usually based on the hull of existing tank designs, using either a gun integrated into the hull or a fully rotating turret much like that of a conventional tank. These self-propelled (SP) AT guns were first employed as infantry support weapons in place of towed antitank guns. Later, due to a shortage of tanks, TDs sometimes replaced the former in offensive armored operations. 1429:, employed existing light French or Czech design tank chassis, installing an AT gun as part of an armored, turret-less superstructure. This method reduced both weight and conversion costs. The Soviet Union later adopted this style of self-propelled anti-tank gun or tank destroyer. This type of tank destroyer had the advantage of a reduced silhouette, allowing the crew to more frequently fire from 1286: 1870: 1148: 2615: 2309:(HESH) warhead as a weapon for attacking fortifications during the war, and found it surprisingly effective against tanks. Although these systems allowed infantry to take on even the largest tanks, and, like HEAT, its effectiveness was independent of range, infantry typically operated at short range. A major influence in anti-tank warfare came with the development and evolution of 36: 1709: 1624:(HEAT). The destructive effect relies fully on the kinetic energy of the explosion rather than the ballistic speed of the round on the damage inflicted to the armor. The effect was also concentrated and could penetrate more armor for a given amount of explosives. The first HEAT rounds were rifle grenades, but better delivery systems were soon introduced: the British 1679: 1599: 199: 989:

conduct of combat during that campaign did nothing to convince either France, Britain or the USSR of the need for improved anti-tank technology and tactics. The reliance on the Maginot Line, and the subsequent surprise of the German offensive left no time to develop existing abilities and tactics in the West. The British were preparing the stop lines and the

139: 2575: 2435:(Anti-Tank Guided Weapons) or anti-tank cannons is one of the biggest threats to a modern tank. The helicopter can position itself where it is not easily seen from a tank and then attack from any quarter, exposing the weaker parts of the tank's armor. The limited visibility from a closed-down tank also makes sighting a helicopter harder. 2746:, the weapon was used primarily against NVA and Viet Cong defensive works and emplacements, as there were few encounters against enemy armor. Overall, the LAW was regarded as a success, though its ignition system frequently suffered from misfires in the heat and humidity of Vietnamese jungles. The LAW has since been replaced by the 1477:

the turret allowed for greater room to mount a larger gun with a larger breech and leave room for crew. Many casemate tank destroyers either originated as, or were dual-purpose vehicles with the duty of a self-propelled gun, which share many (but usually not all) of the same features and layout. Some examples are the German

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tanks, making it an easy target. This vulnerability was later exploited by opposing tank forces. Late in the war, it was not unusual to find even the largest and most powerful tank destroyer abandoned on the field after a battle, having been immobilized by one high-explosive shell to the track or front drive sprocket.

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Changes in the anti-tank tactics since the Second World War mostly came from the appearance of new technologies, and increased firepower of the infantry mounted on fully armored vehicles. The most profound anti-tank technology has been the guided missile, which when coupled with a helicopter can mean

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vehicles for use in an anti-tank role. The Soviet Union also built recoilless rifles in various calibers intended to be used as anti-tank weapons, most commonly 73 mm, 82 mm, and 110 mm (only the 73 mm remains in service with the Russian military today, though the other two can be

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All of the above, but the CLGP can be fired from medium (105 mm, 120 mm, and 125 mm) tank guns and medium (122 mm, 130 mm, 152 mm, and 155 mm) tube artillery. There has also been development of medium and large (81 mm, 82 mm, and 120 mm) guided mortar

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More sophisticated are submunitions with a homing ability. Once again the shell explodes above the tank position and dispenses several submunitions. The munitions contain some circuitry to identify tanks, such as IR or millimeter radar. When a tank is identified, a rocket propellant is fired to shoot

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Ground-to-air cooperation was not yet systematic in any army of the period, but given sufficient warning ground attack aircraft could support ground troops even during an enemy attack in an attempt to interdict the enemy units before they come into tactical combat zone. Various bomb loads can be used

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were developed in several countries during the 1930s. By the beginning of WW2, anti-tank rifle teams could knock out most tanks from a distance of about 500 m, and do so with a weapon that was man-portable and easily concealed. Although the AT rifle performance was negated by the increased armor

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in Soviet service for their own designs. These generally featured a heavy gun mounted on an older or then-current tank chassis, with the gun pointing forward with a limited degree of traverse. Casemate tank destroyers often had the same amount of armour as the tanks they were based on. The removal of

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positions. Such designs were easier and faster to manufacture and offered good crew protection, though the lack of a turret limited the gun's traverse to a few degrees. This meant that, if the TD became immobilized due to engine failure or track damage, it could not rotate its gun to counter opposing

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to slow enemy progress and restrict the route of an attack. The Red Army however was fortunate in having several excellent designs for anti-tank warfare that were either in final stages of development for production, or had been rejected earlier as unnecessary and could now be rushed into production.

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for armor penetration. The shaped charge concept is officially known as the "Munroe Effect" and was discovered by accident decades earlier by Professor Charles E. Munroe at the U.S. Torpedo Station, Providence, RI. Professor Munroe was detonating different manufactured blocks of explosives on a sheet

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Because tank crews have limited visibility from inside the tank, infantry can get close to a tank given enough concealment and if the hatches are closed. If tank crewmen unbutton for better visibility they become vulnerable to small arms fire, grenades and molotov cocktails. An infantryman cannot be

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As towed anti-tank cannon guns grew in size and weight, they became less mobile and more cumbersome to maneuver, and required ever larger gun crews, who often had to wrestle the gun into position while under heavy artillery and/or tank fire. As the war progressed, this disadvantage often resulted in

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light tanks that they encountered. For the UN forces, aerial interdiction by ground attack aircraft was the only means of slowing the advancing North Korean armor. The tide turned in favour of the United Nations forces in August 1950 when the North Koreans suffered major tank losses during a series

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The tank is still vulnerable to infantry, especially in close country or built-up areas. Rough terrain may expose the floor armor, and high ground such as multi-story buildings may expose the top armor. Their large size and loud noise can allow enemy infantry to spot, track and evade tanks until an

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Field artillery was particularly effective in firing against tank formations because although they were rarely able to destroy a tank by direct penetration, they would severely crater the area preventing the tanks from moving therefore causing them to become nearly stationary targets for the ground

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remained in Soviet use during the conflict due to the importance it occupied in its doctrine of anti-tank in-depth defense, first demonstrated during the defense of Moscow and again during the Kursk battles. This became particularly true later in the war when the Red Army assumed an almost constant

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appeared, equipped with a 90 mm cannon. With rotating turrets and good combat maneuverability, American TD designs generally worked well, although their light armor was no match for enemy tank cannon fire during one on one confrontations. Another disadvantage proved to be the open, unprotected

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With the appearance of Allied tanks, the German Army were quick to introduce new anti-tank defense detachments within the pioneer battalions of the infantry divisions. These were initially issued 13 mm caliber long barrel rifles firing solid shot. However, these suffered from fouling after 2–3

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Anti-tank defense proper was by 1942 designed in First World War fashion with several prepared trench lines incorporating anti-tank weapons of different abilities. Depending on terrain and the available line-of-sight, the longer-ranged guns could begin to fire on approaching tanks from as far as 2

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Additionally, with hand-thrown grenades, the requirement for the attacker to get close to the tank made the attacker exceptionally vulnerable to counter-attack from the tank (typically by machine gun), or from infantry – mounted or dismounted troops – accompanying the tank. However, if

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Field artillery were often the first ground combat arm to engage detected concentration of troops which included tanks through artillery airborne observers, either in assembly areas (for refueling and rearming), during approach marches to the combat zone, or as the tank unit was forming up for the

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As tanks were rarely used in conflicts between the two World Wars, no specific aircraft or tactics were developed to combat them from the air. One solution adopted by almost all European air forces was to use bomb loads for conventional bombers that were composed from small bombs allowing a higher

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with which the tanks were intended to cooperate. However, there was no means of communication between the tank's crew and the accompanying infantry, or between the tanks participating in combat. Radios were not yet portable or robust enough to be mounted in a tank, although Morse Code transmitters

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Owing to greater sophistication of the tank, and engineering support available to tank units to detect and negate minefields, a considerable effort was made to develop more effective anti-tank mine technology in the effort to deny tank-led formations maneuver space, or channel their movement into

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Anti-tank tactics developed rapidly during the war but along different paths in different armies based on the threats they faced and the technologies they were able to produce. Very little development took place in UK because weapons available in 1940 were judged adequate for engaging Italian and

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armed with a pair of 23 mm cannons and unguided rockets, but armored to enable the pilots to approach German tanks at very low altitude, ignoring small arms, machine-gun and even small anti-aircraft cannon fire that usually provided tanks with protection against the bombers. Il-2s could also

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officers, and the anti-tank guns were incorporated into a system of obstacles that were constructed with the intent to stop an attack by tanks by slowing it down, separating them from supporting infantry (advancing on foot) with machine-gun and mortar fire, and forcing tanks to conduct deliberate

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A firepower kill (F-kill) is some loss of the vehicle's ability to fire its weapons. For example, a tank may be hit on its main cannon, making the main gun inoperable. M-kills and F-kills may be complete or partial, the latter corresponding to reductions in a target's ability to move or fire. A

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for example, the Red Army deployed more artillery regiments than infantry regiments and towed gun densities reached over 20 guns per kilometer of defended tactical zone. A towed gun was much cheaper than a tank and could be concealed in a shallow position. When time allowed, dugouts with strong

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Two aspects of how the Second World War commenced helped to delay development of anti-tank warfare: resignation and surprise. After Poland was attacked, its allies in the West were resigned to its defeat by a numerically superior Wehrmacht. The little information that was brought out about the

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Although the future of the tank was questioned in the 1960s due to the development of the anti-tank missiles, increases in thickness and composition of armor, and other improvements in tank design meant that infantry operated systems were no longer sufficiently effective by the 1970s, and the

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Tanks were also vulnerable to hand-placed anti-tank mines. Infantry have even immobilized tanks using a set of plates covered with leaves and dirt as dummy mines – the ruse being augmented by the crew's obscured vision – infantry can then attack the stopped tank. This tactic was taught to the

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to place the bomb close to the target. Some French and German fighters fitted with 20 mm cannon were also able to engage thinner top armor surfaces of the tanks early in the war. The Stuka was also given cannons for anti-armor role though it was obsolete by 1942, and was joined by the

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deployed a few T.15 tank destroyers and the French army was developing several wheeled and tracked designs. The advantages of mobility and even thin armor protection were so compelling that most armies were using self-propelled AT guns by mid-war. Examples of these weapons included the US

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By 1943, most armies judged anti-tank rifles to lack combat effectiveness due to the diminished ability to penetrate the thicker armor of new tanks – the British Army had abandoned them by 1942 and the Wehrmacht by 1943, while the US Army never adopted the weapon, although the USMC used

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After the war, research on infantry anti-tank weapons continued, with most designers focused on two primary goals: first an anti-tank weapon that could defeat more heavily armored postwar tanks and fighting vehicles, and second a weapon lightweight and portable enough for infantry use.

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or bogey or damaging the engine; the targeted tank is then immobile, but may retain full use of its weapons (large cannon, heavy machine gun and smaller machine guns) and still be able to fight to some extent. However, a mobility-killed tank is a relatively vulnerable target to RPG or

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Anti-tank tactics during the war were largely integrated with the offensive or defensive posture of the troops being supported, usually infantry. Most anti-tank tactics depend on the range effectiveness of various weapons and weapon systems available. These are divided as follows:

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The effect of anti-tank warfare is to destroy or damage enemy tanks, or to prevent enemy tanks, and their supporting troops from maneuvering, which is the primary ability of a tank. In the US Army the degree of effect by an anti-tank weapon on a vehicle is referred to as either

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rocket launcher evolved into the more powerful 3.5 in (89 mm) M20 "Super Bazooka", which was used to good effect against North Korean armored spearheads during the Korean War. However, the M20 proved difficult and cumbersome to portage on foot over long distances. The

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On the whole, thrown anti-tank weapons suffered from a variety of drawbacks. In addition to the inherently short range, they required careful aim to be effective, and those that relied on explosive force were often so powerful that the user had to take cover immediately.

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were installed in some Mark IVs at Cambrai as messaging vehicles. Attaching a field telephone to the rear would become a practice only during the next war. With greater use of tanks by both sides it was realized that the accompanying infantry could be forced to ground by

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Anti-tank rifles were introduced in some armies before the Second World War to provide infantry with a stand-off weapon when confronted with a tank assault. The intention was to preserve the morale of the infantry by providing a weapon that could actually defeat a tank.

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of the Mark I vehicles in small numbers because the French trials showed the armored vehicles to be highly unreliable. They judged that large numbers had to be employed to sustain an offensive despite losses to mechanical failure or vehicles foundering in intractable

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high-wing light civilian monoplane, the L-4 Grasshopper, usually used for liaison and artillery-spotting, began to be used in a light anti-armor role by a few U.S. Army artillery spotter units over France; these aircraft were field-outfitted with either two or four

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Anti-tank guns are guns designed to destroy armored vehicles from defensive positions. In order to penetrate vehicle armor, they fire smaller caliber shells from longer-barreled guns to achieve higher muzzle velocity than field artillery weapons, many of which are

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equipped with about 120 T-34s spearheaded the invasion. These drove against a ROK Army with few anti-tank weapons adequate to deal with the Soviet T-34s. The North Korean tanks had a good deal of early successes against South Korean infantry, elements of the

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resembling bunkers, all of which had to be considered in training by the anti-tank artillery troops. The development of these doctrines was the most significant influence on the rapid development in anti-tank technology and tactics in the Second World War.

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The only change to the German anti-tank tactics of the First World War was that now an effective anti-tank weapon was available to support the defending infantry. However, the Soviet tanks armed with 45 mm guns easily destroyed the German light tanks.

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Most helicopter-launched ATGWs have sufficient range that they can under the right conditions be fired at a range too long for the tank to retaliate with its own weapons. This may change with the Israelis fielding the 105 mm and 120 mm

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housing 37 or 47 mm anti-tank guns, and steel turrets armed with a pair of machine guns and a 25 mm anti-tank gun, although Germany was forbidden to produce tanks. The construction was partially based on the Allied experience with the

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American tanks at Seoul were attacked by North Korean suicide squads, who used satchel charges. A North Korean soldier who exploded an American tank with a suicide bomb named Li Su-Bok is hailed as a hero in North Korean propaganda.

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In some cases in World War II, a tactic of some infantry was to run directly up to a tank, avoiding its main and machine guns, and pour petrol over and into the tank and light it, sometimes blocking the exit, burning the crew alive.

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was ruptured, it could incinerate the tank's crew. A large caliber gun was recognized as a tactical necessity to attack machine gun positions and defeat any infantry field pieces found in the trench lines which could easily disable

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where dynamite and grenades were strapped on by Chinese troops who rushed at Japanese tanks and blew themselves up. During one incident at Taierzhuang, Chinese suicide bombers obliterated four Japanese tanks with grenade bundles.

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Whilst many hand-held infantry anti-tank weapons will not penetrate the front armor of a tank, they may penetrate the less heavily armored top, rear, and sides. Anti-tank weapons can damage the tracks or running gear to inflict a

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The tactic of ambushing enemy armor at grazing shot distances was perfected during World War 2. Some combatants, like the Soviet Red Army, doctrinalized it and used it to engage heavy German armor at optimal distances and angles.

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offensive, and anti-tank in-depth defensive deployments were used for protecting flanks of the operational breakthroughs against German tactical counterattacks. By firing on the lighter armored infantry and support vehicles (e.g.

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positions and interdicting logistics and reserves being brought up from the rear areas. Naval crews initially used to operate the installed naval guns and machine guns were replaced with Army personnel who were more aware of the

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In the Japanese army, the use of satchel charges and pole charges was widespread. Although the charges could knock out any allied tank, the tactic was extremely close-range and the sappers were vulnerable to allied weapons.

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terrain. These losses, coupled with those from enemy artillery fire, later amounted to as high as 70% of the starters during some operations. Deploying small numbers of tanks would therefore cause the Allies to lose the

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Both sides in the Cold War also recognized the utility of light anti-tank weapons, and this led to further development of man-portable weapons for use by infantry squads, while heavier missiles were mounted on dedicated

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and other countries contemplated the possibility of nuclear warfare. While previous technology had developed to protect the crews of armored vehicles from projectiles and from explosive damage, now the danger of

2149:. Early WWII tanks had open vision slits that could be fired through to harm the crew. Later tanks' slits had thick glass, and sights and periscopes which could still be damaged with powerful small arms such as 2048:

depending on what type of tank unit is engaged in at the time or who its accompanying troops are. This is an indirect form of anti-tank warfare where the tanks are denied the opportunity to even reach combat.

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positions, the Allied infantry would follow and secure the breach, and the cavalry would exploit the breach in the trench lines by attacking into the depth of German-held territory, eventually capturing the

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density during bombing. This created a greater chance of causing a direct impact on the thinner top armor of the tank while also having the ability to damage track and wheels through proximity detonation.

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For a time, it appeared that the tank was a dead end. A small team of infantry with a few missiles in a well-concealed position could take on a number of the largest and most expensive tanks. In the 1973

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targeted by a tank's main gun when close, as it cannot depress sufficiently. Close defense weapons such as pistol ports, hull-, coaxial- and pintle-mounted machine guns gave them some protection however.

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the attacker were very low to the ground, and in very close proximity to the tank – for instance 30 feet (9.1 meters) or less – it might be impossible for the tank crew to see the attacker.

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have also been developed: one artillery shell containing several smaller munitions designed to attack a tank. A six-gun battery might be able to fire several hundred submunitions in a minute or two.

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also begun a search for an anti-tank gun with a French Hotchkiss 37 mm L.33 tank gun, but soon upgraded this to a higher velocity L.45 Model 1935 while also making a licensed copy of the German

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vehicles that lacked overhead armor, field artillery that fired a mix of ground and air-burst ammunition was likely to inflict heavy casualties on the infantry as well. Field guns, such as the

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Lack of consensus on the design and use of the tank after the First World War also influenced the development of its anti-tank countermeasures. However, because Germany was restricted by the

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tactics allowed the attacking infantry to suppress the anti-tank crews effectively, meaning that they could typically get off only one or two shots before being countered or forced to move.

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In the last thirty years, however, a variety of artillery projectiles have been developed specifically to attack tanks. These include laser-guided projectiles, such as the US's Copperhead

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has also been modified to fire this missile. The People's Republic of China has developed 100 mm gun-launched missiles based on Russian designs such as the GP2 (based on the Russian

1315: 3818: 4341: 1301:, many of these weapons were still being used operationally, along with a newer generation of light guns that closely resembled their WWI counterparts. After the well-armoured Soviet 1373:, which design had begun before the 6 pounder entered service, in general use which proved to be a highly effective anti-tank gun and was also used on the Sherman Firefly tank, the 617:

Because the German Army was the only force in need of anti-tank weapons, they were first to develop a viable technology to combat the armored vehicle. These technologies took three

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by the United Kingdom and Australia in 1958). The Soviet Union, and now Russia, put extensive development into these weapons; the first man-portable model to enter service was the

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helicopters. Initially there were many teething problems; however, the possibilities, such as providing the ability to attack the more lightly armored top of the tank, were clear.

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developed methods of combating tank-led offensives, including deployment of static anti-tank weapons embedded in in-depth defensive positions, protected by anti-tank obstacles and

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on land, military strategists have incorporated anti-tank warfare into the doctrine of nearly every combat service since. The most predominant anti-tank weapons at the start of

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Rather than developing specialized anti-tank artillery, some nations, including South Africa and Israel, grafted obsolete tank guns onto towed carriages for use in that role.

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on September 20, 1944, knocking out at least four German armored vehicles, as a pioneering example of taking on heavy enemy armor from a lightweight slow-flying aircraft.

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Germany introduced more powerful anti-tank guns, some which had been in the early stages of development prior to the war. By late 1942, the Germans had an excellent

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missiles that can be fired from the main gun of the Merkava MBT. With both anti-tank and anti-helicopter role, it does level the playing field somewhat. The Indian

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of the new doctrine. Anti-tank artillery would be included in mobile tank-led Wehrmacht and Red Army units due to the possibility of encountering enemy tanks in a

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Another form scatters a number of small anti-tank mines in a tank's path, which probably will not penetrate the armor but can damage a track, leaving the tank

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commenced design of a 37 mm anti-tank gun in 1924 and the first guns were produced in 1928 as 3.7 cm Pak L/45, later adopted in Wehrmacht service as

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in its military capability, and there were no other challenges to France and Britain, very little development took place in anti-tank warfare until the 1930s.

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catastrophic kill (K-kill) removes the tank's ability to fight completely; this may entail complete destruction of the tank or disabling or killing the crew.

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US Army pre-war infantry support doctrines emphasized the use of tank destroyers with open-top fully rotating turrets, featuring less armor than the standard

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Ironically, in the early 1930s until the Spanish War, German officers were conducting secret testing of a new way of employing tanks, infantry and artillery

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found all over the world due to Soviet military aid during the Cold War). The British used a 120 mm (4.7 in) design to equip infantry units, the

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in the Soviet Union with the cooperation of the Red Army. In Germany, these developments eventually culminated in tactics that later came to be known as

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environment, which would enhance their effectiveness due to the close ranges involved. However, the aging RPG-7 has evolved to the even more potent

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of medium and heavy tanks by 1942, they remained viable against lighter-armored and unarmored vehicles, and against field fortification embrasures.

1418:

the loss or destruction of both the antitank gun and its trained crew. This gave impetus to the development of the self-propelled, lightly armored "

1077:

was given HE rockets though these were more effective against other ground vehicles. From March 1943 the Red Army Air Force produced the more agile

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to understand how a tank-led force could be used even with the threat of limited use of nuclear weapons on prospective European battlefields. The

1736:

was an effective anti-tank weapon during World War II; the blast could sever the tracks of a tank, damage internal components or injure the crew.

500:

The use of the tank was mainly based on the assumption that, once they were able to eliminate the German trench lines with their machine gun and

4266: 4281: 2880: 1848:) being very vulnerable to them, but later tanks required a well-thrown bottle directly over the engine compartment to have any effect at all. 156: 148: 3810: 2386: 4366: 4092: 3519: 3492: 3465: 3438: 3303: 2467:(CLGP), which increases the chances of a direct hit. Some of these CLGPs (including the Copperhead) have HEAT warheads instead of common HE. 4321: 530:

The early tanks were mechanically rudimentary. The 6-to-12-millimetre (0.24 to 0.47 in) thick armor generally prevented penetration by

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Improved artillery was seen as the quickest solution to anti-tank defense, and one of the earliest post-war anti-tank gun designs was the

4427: 4231: 3167: 4467: 4457: 4311: 4152: 4019: 2485:(HEDP) bomblets or grenades rain down. Any that hit a tank have a good chance to cause damage, since they are striking thin top armor. 4422: 4157: 3874: 3855: 3670: 3362: 3204: 2557: 1887: 1832:("smoke hand grenades"), which was supposed to be smashed over an air vent and fill the tank with smoke, widely used by both sides in 1165: 49: 889:

that influenced future development of tanks, armored troops and entire armies of both its future enemies and allies in the next war.

387:(1897–1968) realized that anti-tank weapons had to assume an offensive role rather than the traditionally defensive role used in the 4067: 3917: 3640: 3619: 3089: 3041: 3010:

JOURNAL OF BATTLEFIELD TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, NO 1, MARCH 1998, SOME METALLURGICAL ASPECTS OF SHAPED CHARGE LINERS, Alistair Doig, p.1.

2185:

Chinese suicide bomber putting on an explosive vest made out of Model 24 hand grenades to use in an attack on Japanese tanks at the

1953: 1358: 1187: 866:

penetrates the armor and kills occupants inside. The depth of the penetration, though proportional to the length of the jet and the

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T (37 mm cannon) and K (45 mm cannon) bomber interceptor also used for ground attack, with one example of either gun in

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rocket, a lightweight, collapsible rocket launcher with the ability to penetrate moderate thicknesses of enemy armor. During the

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According to the Sudanese writer Mansour Al-Hadj, Sudanese jihadists were trained to attack enemy tanks by suicide bombing them.

1279: 1085:

mounts attached to the engine's gear reduction unit, that had either one of them firing through a hollow-center propeller shaft.

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The search for a more suitable, longer-range delivery system took up much of the immediate post-war era. The US invested in the

1934: 874:, is also dependent on the strength of the armor. With the development of this new ammunition begun more advanced research into 862:

jet of metal flowing like a liquid due to the immense pressure (though x-ray diffraction has shown the metal stays solid) which

803:

developed in Sweden, and used by many early Second World War combatants. The British Army accepted for service the (40 mm)

4117: 4057: 4029: 4004: 3994: 3117:

in "3-9. Defensive Employment" in "Section II. Tactical Employment," in "Chapter 3: Employment of Hand Grenades" in U.S. Army

2305:

In the Cold War era, HEAT became an almost universal choice outside of artillery and tank units. The British had developed the

1508: 4485: 4062: 2496:

the projectile at the tank. These munitions will often descend by parachute, to allow time for target acquisition and attack.

1906: 446:

where the first stage of the warhead activates the reactive armor, and the second stage defeats the shell armor by means of a

4662: 4417: 4199: 4127: 4077: 3276: 2553: 1891: 1809:). To increase their effectiveness, some grenades were designed so that they adhered to the tank either through an adhesive ( 1169: 538:. However, even a near miss from field artillery or an impact from a mortar could easily disable or destroy the tank: if the 4072: 3686: 4402: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4087: 4082: 4452: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4049: 3891:

A 1987 U.S. Army news archive about light anti-tank weapon training by the 7th Infantry Division (Light), Fort Ord, Calif.

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where the first warhead disables reactive armor, while the second warhead defeats the shell armor by means of a HEAT or a

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designs, with the M18 being the fastest-moving American AFV of any type in World War II. Late in 1944, the Sherman-origin

1362: 1263: 886: 780: 642: 4495: 1913: 649:) of the infantry division's artillery regiment were also eventually issued with special armor-piercing (AP) ammunition. 4667: 4447: 4218: 4009: 2852: 2759:

that tanks can be engaged beyond ground line of sight (LOS), and at one of their most vulnerable aspect, the top armor.

2661:, but it was generally too heavy for infantry use and had to be towed by, or mounted on, a vehicle for maneuverability. 2401:

Guided anti-tank missiles were first used in a helicopter-borne role by the French in the late 1950s, when they mounted

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The development of light, man-portable, anti-tank weapons increased during the Second World War. Most were based on the

422:

Since the end of the Cold War in 1992, new threats to tanks and other armored vehicles have included remotely detonated

2209:, where a Chinese suicide bomber stopped a Japanese tank column by exploding himself beneath the lead tank, and at the 3966: 2482: 2217:

North Korean tanks were attacked by South Koreans with suicide tactics during the North Korean invasion of the South.

767: 763: 584: 478: 458: 423: 2406: 519:

fire, thus separating them from the tanks, which would continue to advance, eventually finding themselves exposed to

233:

introduced the first anti-tank weapons. The first developed anti-tank weapon was a scaled-up bolt-action rifle, the

4824: 4780: 4672: 4392: 4387: 4180: 2306: 1920: 1240: 686:

was rushed to the frontline, and proved effective in destroying the tanks despite limited elevation and traverse.

3114: 2294: 2252: 2229: 1552: 1250:, few anti-tank guns had (or needed) calibers larger than 50 mm. Examples of guns in this class include the 1228: 1106: 1070: 4397: 885:

The only significant attempt to experiment in the use of tanks in the late 1920s was that of the British Army's

600: 579:

The tank, when it appeared on the Western Front in September 1916, was a surprise to German troops, but not the

477:

Anti-tank warfare evolved as a countermeasure to the threat of the tank's appearance on the battlefields of the

4829: 4707: 4530: 3961: 3956: 2693: 2591: 2549: 2432: 2310: 2194: 2007: 1621: 759: 535: 447: 392: 383:

while massively increasing the number of anti-tank weapons. To achieve this, Soviet military theorists such as

91: 85: 3787: 2052:

attack aircraft, or disrupting the enemy schedule and allowing own troops more time to prepare their defense.

1902: 2771:

South African Sherman tanks disabled in the fight to take the Perugia Highlands in Italy 1944 – World War 2.

2542:, Soviet first-generation wire-guided missiles employed by the Egyptian forces inflicted heavy casualties on 4819: 3981: 3951: 3890: 2586:

Anti-tank guns continued to be used in a number of conflicts past World War 2 around the world, such as the

2455:. The system involves an automatic targeting of an aerial/land target instigated by a laser warning system. 1880: 1407: 1374: 1306: 1267: 1158: 937: 701: 462: 360: 322: 308: 1444:

tanks, but with more powerful cannon. A 76 mm long-barrel tank cannon was fitted to the Sherman-based

4620: 3122: 2900: 2579: 2313:(ATGM) that could be fired by infantry operators, from ground vehicles and by aircraft. Increasing use of 1984: 1473: 1370: 1365:

guns, and deployed general-purpose 76.2 mm and 122-mm guns in the anti-tank role. By the time of the

1338: 1131: 882:

that caused "jet waver" by detonating prematurely or at the wrong angle to the surface of the main armor.

548: 408: 327: 280: 262: 102: 55: 2265:

of battles in which the UN forces brought heavier equipment to develop an anti-tank role, including U.S.

4555: 4550: 4545: 3971: 3910: 3309: 3251: 2543: 2210: 2186: 1794: 1334: 1271: 1231:

to penetrate the moving/static target's armor at a given range and contact's angle. Any field artillery

832: 804: 722: 226: 1282:. All of these light weapons could penetrate the thin armor found on most pre-war and early war tanks. 1797:

were ineffective against tanks, so many kinds of anti-tank grenades were developed. These ranged from

1210: 3989: 3689:. Port Elizabeth: International Veterans' Association/South African Forces Club. 2011. Archived from 3662: 3655: 2645: 2625: 2369: 1749: 1572: 1478: 1366: 1346: 1275: 949: 925: 706: 695: 634: 580: 501: 234: 2348:, including tank destruction. They can use a variety of weaponry, including large-caliber anti-tank 766:, although German Command was more impressed by the surprise achieved by the Canadian troops at the 4600: 2515: 2337: 1402: 1114: 1109:

managed to successfully take on an anti-armor role with his rocket-armed Piper L-4. His L-4, named

1013: 964: 823:. However, the Red Army was almost immediately taught a lesson about anti-tank warfare when a tank 645:

ammunition issued in 1917 to special commands; and the existing 77 mm field guns (such as the

388: 272: 2788:". In a mobility kill (M-kill), the vehicle loses its ability to move, for example, by breaking a 4605: 4565: 4535: 3934: 2818:

by the Soviet Army forced the HEAT rounds to be increased in size, rendering them less portable.

2681: 2206: 2162: 2105: 1453: 1445: 1089: 953: 626: 520: 466: 427: 368: 296: 3144: 2767: 2500:

munitions with both internal (e.g., IR or radar) or external (i.e., laser designator) guidance.

2225: 1548: 1544: 3704: 3169:

Angry Monk: Reflections on Tibet: Literary, Historical, and Oral Sources for a Documentary Film

3103: 1927: 4682: 4657: 4652: 4585: 4185: 3870: 3851: 3666: 3636: 3615: 3515: 3488: 3482: 3461: 3434: 3358: 3299: 3272: 3200: 3194: 3085: 3037: 2885: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2730: 2649: 2621: 2509: 2417: 2381: 2345: 2154: 1837: 1802: 1788: 1672: 1581: 1378: 1061:

To give it more firepower against tanks, the RAF mounted two underwing pod-mounted 40 mm

960: 828: 816: 796: 594: 486: 404: 384: 372: 356: 254: 3509: 3455: 3428: 3352: 3266: 3176: 2696:

equipped tanks. The RPG-7 has a long combat history, and has been used in most wars from the

4798: 4737: 4702: 4692: 4625: 4580: 4575: 4540: 4034: 3903: 2794: 2724: 2633: 2394: 2257: 1966: 1720: 1586: 1536: 1113:, armed with six bazookas, had a notable anti-armor success during an engagement during the 1066: 675: 630: 589: 544: 511: 416: 380: 316: 276: 238: 218: 3104:

Lone Sentry: New Weapons for Jap Tank Hunters (U.S. WWII Intelligence Bulletin, March 1945)

2205:

and threw themselves under Japanese tanks to blow them up. This tactic was used during the

1763:

during World War II, with very limited success; as a counterpart to the German Goliath the

4722: 4590: 4172: 3221:"Chinese Tank Forces and Battles before 1949, Chapter One: PLA Tank Forces In Its Infancy" 2826: 2680:. The RPG-7 is one of the most widely used anti-tank weapons, favored most by soldiers of 2641: 2618: 2523: 2357: 2331: 2198: 2165:

during World War II since they were not often provided with long-range anti-tank weapons.

2150: 2088: 1657: 1576: 1524: 1503: 1319: 1042: 1022: 906: 854: 755: 714: 560: 506: 435: 412: 2368:

and with or without submunitions such as HEAT bomblets, an example of which would be the

1712:

A statue of a Vietminh soldier holding a Lunge AT Mine. In Vietnamese the mine is called

571:

were later introduced on medium and light tanks to react to ambushes during the advance.

3055:

Riding His Piper Cub Through The Skies Over France, Bazooka Charlie Fought A One-man War

2855:

is the effectiveness of portable rocket propelled grenades, in particular, Russian-made

1313:, with the German lightweight 37 mm gun quickly nicknamed the "tank door knocker" ( 4742: 4697: 4687: 4647: 2895: 2843:

artillery ammunition and missiles, larger HEAT missiles fired from ground vehicles and

2830: 2815: 2539: 2278: 2274: 2202: 2081: 2060: 1814: 1806: 1733: 1703: 1653: 1614: 1419: 1411: 1393: 1389: 1105:, against German armored fighting vehicles. During the summer of 1944, U.S. Army Major 1078: 1074: 910: 902: 863: 842: 839: 564: 482: 443: 439: 400: 312: 300: 2925: 1770:

The Japanese forces employed suicide attacks with pole-mounted anti-tank mines dubbed

4813: 4775: 4765: 4712: 4635: 4615: 4477: 2860: 2834: 2822: 2811: 2777: 2689: 2569: 2489: 2478: 2448: 2353: 2314: 2282: 2146: 2109: 2087:

Towed anti-tank guns were thought to be the primary means of defeating tanks. At the

2064: 1818: 1798: 1760: 1668: 1642: 1631: 1617: 1610: 1350: 1251: 1201: 1093: 1050: 1046: 1033: 1018: 999: 850: 820: 792: 721:

borders at its core. These included obstacles consisting of natural features such as

718: 638: 451: 230: 3845: 2700:

all the way to present day wars. In modern times, the RPG-7 is generally used in an

741:, or log barriers. The pinnacle of this strategic thinking was considered to be the 4770: 4717: 4677: 4630: 3729: 2864: 2717: 2665: 2444: 2390: 2365: 2341: 2270: 2100: 1971: 1833: 1756: 1739: 1556: 1342: 1310: 1298: 1255: 1247: 1037: 972: 879: 800: 773: 742: 657: 646: 490: 364: 343: 288: 242: 203: 17: 3756: 3416:. Korea Society and the International Council on Korean Studies. 2001. p. 40. 1678: 1660:, that fitted over the barrel rather than down in it, to a greater range than the 1285: 419:. Helicopters could be used as well to rapidly deliver scattered anti-tank mines. 3690: 3411: 3395: 3378: 2837:. Today the anti-tank role is filled with a variety of weapons, such as portable 395:, though similar design work progressed in Western Europe and the United States. 4610: 4595: 2743: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2587: 2527: 2471: 2261: 1869: 1810: 1724: 1686: 1648: 1481:– the most-produced German armored fighting vehicle of WW II — and the Soviets' 1464:

The third, and likely most effective kind of tank destroyer was the unturreted,

1449: 1330: 1309:

heavy tanks were encountered, these guns were recognized as ineffective against

1147: 1055: 945: 933: 897:

head-on assaults with engineer support, or seek a less-defended area to attack.

875: 867: 788: 683: 376: 214: 3535: 3357:(reprint ed.). Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 79. 2614: 2412:

Although putting weapons on helicopters (probably) dates back to 1955 with the

1134:, were provided with armor-piercing shot for direct engagement of enemy tanks. 411:. Designers also developed new varieties of artillery munitions in the form of 2848: 2844: 2839: 2713: 2701: 2637: 2531: 2452: 2425: 2421: 2402: 2349: 2266: 2244: 2099:

Self-propelled anti-tank guns were rare at the beginning of WW2, although the

1975: 1841: 1771: 1532: 1469: 1458: 1441: 1397: 1224: 1127: 1102: 976: 941: 929: 730: 618: 568: 531: 331: 27:

Science and Technology tactics based around countering and immobilizing tanks

4570: 2721: 2654: 1745: 1682: 1486: 1354: 1259: 1062: 968: 959:

The new doctrines of using the tank, were divided into infantry and cavalry

913:

them on foot. Delay meant that Nationalist field artillery could engage the

898: 893: 824: 734: 539: 3536:"Reformist Writer Mansour Al-Hadj: In My Youth, I Was Taught to Love Death" 2556:, are starting to be more common, with similar systems such as the Israeli 2477:

In one form, a shell bursts in the air above one or more tanks and several

2297:, developed by the navy, also proved effective against North Korean tanks. 1708: 391:(1941–1945), becoming more mobile. This led to the development of improved 3323: 1598: 198: 4376: 2851:, and ever-larger and heavier tank guns. One of the first lessons of the 1764: 1465: 1430: 1426: 1220: 1205: 1021:

planes with 23 mm cannons attacking a German tank column during the

892:

In Spain, the anti-tank defense of the Nationalists was organized by the

859: 846: 812: 808: 750: 552: 481:

of the First World War. The tank had been developed to negate the German

339: 304: 258: 246: 1584:) the anti-tank rifle units helped to separate the supporting infantry ( 4760: 4732: 4727: 4642: 2739: 2413: 2289: 2014:

Tactical zone forming-up area and rear combat zone (2–7 km range)

1636: 1564: 1512: 1236: 1172: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1098: 936:

operational doctrine. The successful test of the latter was during the

871: 661: 556: 494: 292: 1049:

beneath its fuselage, while the Red Army Air Force fielded the Soviet

3926: 2890: 2856: 2705: 2546:

tank units, causing a major crisis of confidence for tank designers.

2068: 1482: 1433: 1345:. By 1943 Wehrmacht was forced to adopt still larger calibers on the 1290: 1232: 746: 726: 524: 516: 431: 2574: 1634:

with a blackpowder charge contained in the tailfin assembly, the US

838:

At this time, the predominant ammunition used against tanks was the

547:

with the HE ammunition. This was achieved by mounting a 57 mm

299:, specialized anti-tank aircraft and self-propelled anti-tank guns ( 3657:

Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

2530:

in 1961. The United States was one of the last, coming up with the

641:

on a light carriage which could destroy a tank using large-caliber

559:—the need to cross wide trenches—although the relationship between 2868: 2766: 2729: 2677: 2669: 2658: 2613: 2573: 2522:

countries were among the first to develop such weapons (e.g., the

2440: 2385: 2203:

strapped explosives like grenade packs or dynamite to their bodies

2180: 2123: 2113: 2054: 1965: 1719: 1707: 1677: 1597: 1507: 1401: 1284: 1209: 1012: 905:

were used for the first time, destroying tank tracks, and forcing

700: 651: 599: 583:. The French Army Staff was highly critical of the British Army's 321: 267: 197: 3749:"Hezbollah anti-tank fire causing most IDF casualties in Lebanon" 1805:), to ones that simply contained a lot of explosive (the British 1410:

self-propelled anti-tank gun put the 17-pdr gun on the hull of a

2519: 2464: 2361: 2248: 1845: 1774:

during late World War II. In Vietnam, similar mines were called

1626: 1603: 1560: 1302: 995: 914: 352: 222: 3899: 1239:

was able also to fire anti-tank ammunition, such as the Soviet

625:("Bundled Charge") of several stick grenades bound together by 3244:"Xinhui Presents: Chinese Tank Forces and Battles before 1949" 2747: 1863: 1141: 745:

which replaced infantry-filled trenches with artillery-filled

355:

countries, little if any development took place on defining a

132: 70: 29: 1813:) or with a magnet. The Germans used a magnetic grenade, the 1326:), for revealing its presence without penetrating the armor. 206:, an American experimental one-man disposable antitank rocket 2986:

Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the Third Reich

2797:

attacks, and it cannot maneuver to better firing positions.

637:; 3.7 cm TaK Rheinmetall in starrer Räder-lafette 1916 3119:

Field Manual No. 3-23.30: Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals,

2684:. The RPG-7 could fire a range of different warheads, from 1054:

carry large numbers of 2.5 kg shaped-charge anti-tank

3895: 2243:

The initial assault by North Korean KPA forces during the

1214:

Bofors 37 mm anti-tank gun as used by several nations

787:

weapon designed in 1916 to destroy machine gun positions.

621:

approaches: use of grenades by infantrymen, including the

1995:

Operational range over the horizon (20–40 km range)

1778:

due to the three contact points at the head of each mine.

1671:

was a successful unguided rocket used extensively in the

555:. Hull and track engineering was largely dictated by the 3271:(illustrated ed.). Marshall Cavendish. p. 94. 3115:"b. Defense Against Enemy Armored and Tracked Vehicles," 932:, while in the Soviet Union they formed the core of the 849:, spiking or punching through it. During the late 1930s 160: 733:, or constructed obstacles such as anti-tank ditches, 3354:

China Condensed: 5,000 Years of History & Culture

2006:

Ground attack aircraft and field artillery including

1369:, the British had the 3 in (76 mm) calibre 1073:), which saw service in North Africa in 1942 and the 3811:"Operation in Sadr City Is an Iraqi Success, So Far" 3809:

Gordon, Michael R.; Rubin, Alissa J. (21 May 2008).

3268:

China Condensed: 5000 Years of History & Culture

2232:

blew himself up under an Iraqi tank with a grenade.

1824:

There was also a special type of grenade called the

4753: 4523: 4476: 4375: 4217: 4171: 4048: 3980: 3942: 3933: 1894:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1425:Early German-designed tank destroyers, such as the 415:, and shells that were used to saturate areas with 291:, leading to infantry-portable weapons such as the 3654: 3137:"Reminiscences of a Hampshire Home Guard - Part 2" 1821:would fire at the optimal 90° angle to the armor. 1535:(which was also used as a sniper rifle during the 1235:with barrel length 15 to 25 times longer than its 3023:, Marshal Cavendish, Ltd,, Hong Kong, 1980, p.50. 2022:Tactical forward combat zone (1–2 km range) 1357:guns. The Red Army used a variety of 45 mm, 1092:in 1944, the military version of the slow-flying 783:model from France. It was intended to replace an 770:. This came to influence their planning in 1940. 3324:"Storm over Taierzhuang 1938 Player's Aid Sheet" 2657:, which served from the 1950s until replaced by 2288:In the U.S., the 2.36 in (60 mm) M9A1 2137:opportunity presents itself for counter-attack. 1032:The first aircraft able to engage tanks was the 758:which was breached with tank support during the 442:or shell armor. Both those weapon systems use a 3199:(illustrated ed.). Casemate. p. 112. 2997:Dr. J.R. Crittenden, "RPG-The Devil's Finger", 2949:, Crescent Books, New York, NY, 1978, pp,228–29 2708:which has proven its worth in conflicts in the 1045:that mounted a podded 30 mm (1.2 in) 597:, allowing Germans to develop countermeasures. 1767:was used as a remote-controlled unmanned tank. 1341:by the British Army, and later adopted by the 967:came in a great diversity, ranging from light 359:of how to use armed forces without the use of 3911: 3487:. Government Printing Office. pp. 183–. 3380:International Press Correspondence, Volume 18 717:was dominated by the strategic thinking with 567:was not resolved until the Second World War. 8: 3125:, Washington, DC, retrieved February 7, 2022 2676:. Further development led to the ubiquitous 2640:, which mounted six 106 mm rifles. The 2420:that went into mass production was the Bell 2360:), volleys of unguided rockets, and various 2038:Close combat distance (25–200 m range) 2030:Engagement distance (200–1000 m range) 2025:Anti-tank guns and tanks deployed in defense 2003:Tactical staging areas (7–20 km range) 275:tank-hunting squad with anti-tank rifle and 3135:Dora_Piper; Piper, Leonard (8 April 2004). 853:ammunition was experimented with that used 827:sent to aid the Spanish Republicans in the 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3939: 3918: 3904: 3896: 3599: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3511:North Korea: Toward a Better Understanding 2988:, MacDonald and Janes, London, 1978, p.107 2470:Guided and unguided scatter munitions and 1223:. The higher velocity, flatter trajectory 217:from the desire to develop technology and 2578:South African tank gun retrofitted to an 2128:Panzerfaust armed German soldiers on the 1954:Learn how and when to remove this message 1630:was propelled in a manner similar to the 1517:Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow 1258:(the largest gun able to be towed by the 1188:Learn how and when to remove this message 287:Anti-tank warfare evolved rapidly during 186:Learn how and when to remove this message 121:Learn how and when to remove this message 3728:(Exhibit), South African Armour Museum, 3457:Lonesome Hero: Memoir of a Korea War POW 3196:Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze 2738:In the 1960s, the U.S. Army adopted the 2428:missiles in 1973 for anti-tank ability. 1998:Bomber aircraft and long range artillery 678:. Finally in early 1917 the 3.7 cm 84:This article includes a list of general 3542:. aafaqmagazine.com. November 19, 2009. 3413:International Journal of Korean Studies 3312:on 26 April 2014 – via Numistamp. 3057:, World War II Magazine, September 1987 2917: 2201:against Japanese tanks. Chinese troops 1974:with a Molotov cocktail in the 1939–40 940:although the Red Army foundered on the 2881:List of man portable anti-tank systems 1716:, literally means "three-clawed bomb". 629:; early attempts at the small-caliber 229:deployed the first tanks in 1916, the 3780:"MoD kept failure of best tank quiet" 3587: 3383:. Richard Neumann. 1938. p. 447. 2393:, an anti-tank helicopter with eight 1840:also saw much use, especially in the 1575:in the Pacific Theater. However, the 1531:Notable examples include the Finnish 7: 3734:South African National Defence Force 3070:, Flying Magazine, March 1945, p. 90 2984:Terry Gander and Peter Chamberlain, 2431:The anti-tank helicopter armed with 2424:in 1966. The AH-1 was equipped with 1892:adding citations to reliable sources 1613:which led to the development of the 1468:-style tank destroyer, known by the 1170:adding citations to reliable sources 845:shell that defeated armor by direct 831:was almost entirely destroyed in an 407:, and even heavier guided anti-tank 315:, and supported by mobile anti-tank 161:move details into the article's body 3850:. Hillside, NJ: Enslow Publishers. 3847:The Korean War: "The Forgotten War" 3433:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 22–. 2344:, have been specifically built for 795:. It made an appearance during the 469:have attacked and destroyed tanks. 250: 3295:Taierzhuang 1938 – Stalingrad 1942 3082:M18 Hellcat Tank Destroyer 1943–97 3080:Zaloga, Steven J (27 April 2004), 2558:Iron Fist active protection system 690:Development between the world wars 90:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 3867:A Short History of the Korean War 3514:. Lexington Books. pp. 78–. 2962:, Grub Street, London, 1999, p.32 2465:Cannon Launched Guided Projectile 1752:, an unmanned demolition vehicle. 1272:British QF 2-pounder (40 mm) 1101:rocket launchers attached to the 342:of 1947-1991, the United States, 45:This article has multiple issues. 4794: 4793: 3427:Carter Malkasian (29 May 2014). 3227:(4). Summer 2001. Archived from 2606:unsuitable avenues of approach. 2356:, air-to-surface missiles (e.g. 2273:heavy tanks, along with British 2017:Heavy anti-tank guns and mortars 1983:German tanks during most of the 1868: 1146: 633:like the bolt-action 13 mm 202:A soldier preparing to fire the 137: 75: 34: 3821:from the original on 2013-11-14 3747:Schiff, Ze'ev (6 August 2006). 3508:Sonia Ryang (16 January 2009). 3044:, 9780813812502 (1973), p. 117. 3036:, Iowa State University Press, 2336:Cold War aircraft, such as the 2247:was aided by the use of Soviet 1879:needs additional citations for 1157:needs additional citations for 487:maneuver against enemy's flanks 409:missiles launched from aircraft 319:and by ground-attack aircraft. 53:or discuss these issues on the 3869:. New York: Harper Perennial. 3484:U.S. Marines in the Korean War 3084:, Bloomsbury USA, p. 14, 2554:Arena active protection system 2260:, and the United States built 1: 3778:Rayment, Sean (12 May 2007). 3460:. AuthorHouse. pp. 69–. 2847:, a variety of high velocity 1646:used rockets, and the German 1541:Type 97 20 mm anti-tank rifle 887:Experimental Mechanized Force 785:Atelier de Puteaux 37 mm 3865:Stokesbury, James L (1990). 3577:Zaloga & Kinnear 1996:36 3248:Newsletter 1-8-2002 Articles 2853:2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict 1732:Though unsophisticated, the 1669:Hungarian 44M "Buzogányvető" 1620:. These weapons were called 944:in 1940, largely due to the 915:lightly armored Soviet tanks 551:light naval gun in the hull 430:and weapon systems like the 424:improvised explosive devices 4208:National Revolutionary Army 3661:. Presidio Press. pp. 3635:. Osprey Publishing, 1990. 3400:. V. Gollancz. p. 172. 2945:Maj. Frederick Myatt M.C., 2483:high-explosive dual-purpose 1844:, early tanks (such as the 1801:designs (e.g., the British 1472:term in German service, or 901:laid with purpose-designed 807:, which was developed as a 768:Battle of the Canal du Nord 705:Czechoslovak anti-tank gun 459:Russian invasion of Ukraine 379:arrived at the solution of 4846: 4020:War of the Triple Alliance 3242:Xin Hui (8 January 2002). 2628:used in the anti-tank role 2567: 2507: 2379: 2329: 2307:High-explosive squash head 2041:Infantry anti-tank weapons 2033:Mines and anti-tank rifles 1786: 1701: 1698:Mines and other explosives 1594:Rockets and shaped charges 1539:), the automatic Japanese 1501: 1387: 1331:50-mm high-velocity design 1199: 946:purge in the Officer Corps 365:Soviet sphere of influence 334:in Italy, 1 September 1944 4789: 4040:Pre-20th century firearms 3844:Stein, R. Conrad (1994). 3614:, Blitz Editions, p. 63, 3481:Charles R. Smith (2007). 3298:. Clear Mind Publishing. 3068:The Maytag Messerschmitts 2550:Active protection systems 2311:anti-tank guided missiles 2295:Anti-Tank Aircraft Rocket 2230:Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh 1685:with HEAT warhead of the 1375:Archer self-propelled gun 774:The Maginot line defenses 393:guided anti-tank missiles 4428:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 4418:South African Border War 4200:Second Sino-Japanese War 3454:T. I. Han (1 May 2011). 3394:Epstein, Israel (1939). 2821:Weapon systems like the 2814:by the British Army and 2694:explosive reactive armor 2688:warheads to one HEAT or 2592:South African Border War 2405:wire-guided missiles on 2195:Second Sino-Japanese War 1622:high-explosive anti-tank 1489:'s hull and drivetrain. 485:, and allow a return to 448:high-explosive anti-tank 361:tactical nuclear weapons 328:17-pounder anti-tank gun 4408:Portuguese Colonial War 3265:Ong, Siew Chey (2005). 3193:Harmsen, Peter (2013). 3166:Schaedler, Luc (2007). 2514:The development of the 2269:medium tanks backed by 1515:anti-tank rifle at the 1333:, while they faced the 948:, claiming many of the 938:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 523:by German infantry and 401:missile tank-destroyers 367:the legacy doctrine of 105:more precise citations. 4776:Civilian gun ownership 3726:Baasjan howitzer (RSA) 3653:Oren, Michael (2003). 3351:Ong Siew Chey (2011). 3123:Department of the Army 3034:Mr. Piper and His Cubs 3001:, Nov. 20, 2003, P.30. 2926:"WW1 Anti-Tank rifles" 2901:List of anti-tank guns 2772: 2735: 2692:HEAT warheads against 2629: 2583: 2552:, such as the Russian 2398: 2258:24th Infantry Division 2251:tanks. A North Korean 2193:Chinese troops in the 2190: 2133: 2120:Infantry close assault 2072: 1985:North African Campaign 1979: 1795:fragmentation grenades 1728: 1717: 1690: 1606: 1519: 1485:, itself based on the 1474:Samokhodnaya Ustanovka 1414: 1339:North African Campaign 1323: 1294: 1215: 1132:Ordnance QF 25 pounder 1025: 710: 665: 609: 565:soil-vehicle mechanics 549:QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss 403:, including dedicated 373:theoretically examined 335: 284: 263:ground-attack aircraft 207: 4453:Nicaraguan Revolution 4403:Araguaia Guerilla War 3972:Early thermal weapons 3707:. Armstrade.sipri.org 3292:Olsen, Lance (2012). 3143:. BBC. Archived from 2770: 2733: 2646:M40 recoilless rifles 2617: 2577: 2416:, the first specific 2389: 2380:Further information: 2211:Battle of Taierzhuang 2187:Battle of Taierzhuang 2184: 2127: 2058: 1969: 1723: 1711: 1681: 1601: 1573:Boys anti-tank rifles 1511: 1405: 1288: 1213: 1016: 878:, and development of 805:Ordnance QF 2 pounder 704: 655: 603: 405:anti-tank helicopters 325: 271: 245:in 1939 included the 201: 4458:Salvadoran Civil War 4025:Spanish–American War 4000:American Indian Wars 3687:"Ratel teen tenk en" 2871:anti-tank missiles. 2682:irregular militaries 2626:M40 recoilless rifle 2370:CBU-100 Cluster Bomb 1888:improve this article 1750:Goliath tracked mine 1367:Invasion of Normandy 1166:improve this article 781:25 mm Hotchkiss 696:Treaty of Versailles 664:, 1917 – World War I 635:Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr 581:German General Staff 502:infantry support gun 369:operational maneuver 235:Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr 4511:Russo-Ukrainian War 4448:Dominican Civil War 4423:Cambodian Civil War 4384:First Indochina War 3784:The Daily Telegraph 3602:, pp. 182–184. 3121:September 1, 2000, 3032:Francis, Devon E., 3019:Chant, Christoper, 2650:Land Rover Series 2 2624:"gunbuggy" with an 2622:Land Rover Series 2 2516:wire-guided missile 2338:A-10 Thunderbolt II 2067:in the vicinity of 1903:"Anti-tank warfare" 1817:to ensure that the 1448:and all-new design 1293:50-mm anti-tank gun 1260:1⁄4-ton, 4×4 'jeep' 1115:Battle of Arracourt 1111:Rosie the Rocketeer 965:tank configurations 876:steel manufacturing 595:element of surprise 467:loitering munitions 438:, which can defeat 417:anti-armor bomblets 389:Great Patriotic War 303:). Both the Soviet 273:British Indian Army 18:Anti-tank artillery 4501:Russo-Georgian War 4443:Lebanese Civil War 4413:Rhodesian Bush War 4030:Mexican Revolution 4015:American Civil War 4005:War of the Pacific 3995:Napoleonic Warfare 3815:The New York Times 3612:Helicopters at War 3555:, pp. 14, 43. 2773: 2736: 2630: 2584: 2399: 2354:rotary autocannons 2207:Battle of Shanghai 2191: 2163:British Home Guard 2155:heavy machine guns 2134: 2073: 1980: 1729: 1718: 1691: 1607: 1582:artillery tractors 1520: 1415: 1379:17-pdr SP Achilles 1337:introduced in the 1324:Panzeranklopfgerät 1295: 1276:Italian 47 mm 1216: 1090:Operation Overlord 1026: 975:to multi-turreted 961:schools of thought 954:meeting engagement 821:3.7 cm PaK 36 760:battles of Cambrai 711: 666: 610: 606:British heavy tank 483:system of trenches 428:asymmetric warfare 336: 297:combat engineering 285: 255:anti-tank grenades 213:originated during 208: 4825:Anti-tank weapons 4807: 4806: 4519: 4518: 4463:Soviet–Afghan War 4438:Laotian Civil War 4186:Spanish Civil War 3759:on 31 August 2006 3705:"Trade Registers" 3521:978-0-7391-3207-4 3494:978-0-16-087251-8 3467:978-1-4634-1176-3 3440:978-1-4728-0994-0 3305:978-0-9838435-9-7 3254:on 8 August 2014. 3231:on 7 August 2014. 3225:Tanks! E-Magazine 2973:Anti-tank weapons 2947:Modern Small Arms 2886:Anti-tank grenade 2786:catastrophic kill 2725:main battle tanks 2510:Anti-tank missile 2418:attack helicopter 2382:Attack helicopter 2346:close air support 1964: 1963: 1956: 1938: 1838:Molotov cocktails 1826:Nebelhandgranaten 1803:No. 68 AT Grenade 1789:Anti-tank grenade 1673:Siege of Budapest 1479:Sturmgeschütz III 1280:Soviet 45 mm 1264:French 25 mm 1252:German 37 mm 1227:provide terminal 1198: 1197: 1190: 1107:Charles Carpenter 991:anti-tank islands 950:senior proponents 829:Spanish Civil War 817:Russian Civil War 797:Spanish Civil War 764:St. Quentin Canal 707:3,7cm KPÚV vz. 37 669:Anti-tank tactics 613:Anti-tank weapons 413:top-attack shells 385:Vasily Sokolovsky 277:molotov cocktails 211:Anti-tank warfare 196: 195: 188: 178: 177: 157:length guidelines 131: 130: 123: 68: 16:(Redirected from 4837: 4797: 4796: 4673:Mass destruction 4581:Blunt instrument 4506:Syrian Civil War 3940: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3897: 3880: 3861: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3786:. 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October 1940 247:tank-mounted gun 239:force projection 191: 184: 173: 170: 164: 155:Please read the 141: 140: 133: 126: 119: 115: 112: 106: 101:this article by 92:inline citations 79: 78: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4830:Warfare by type 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4785: 4781:Science fiction 4749: 4621:Directed-energy 4515: 4491:Afghanistan War 4472: 4371: 4213: 4173:Interwar period 4167: 4068:Austria-Hungary 4044: 3976: 3929: 3924: 3887: 3877: 3864: 3858: 3843: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3710: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3633:Bell AH-1 Cobra 3630: 3626: 3610: 3606: 3600:Stokesbury 1990 3598: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3571: 3565:Stokesbury 1990 3563: 3559: 3553:Stokesbury 1990 3551: 3547: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3410: 3409: 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the German 1596: 1577:anti-tank rifle 1549:Panzerbüchse 39 1545:Panzerbüchse 38 1506: 1504:Anti-tank rifle 1500: 1495: 1400: 1388:Main articles: 1386: 1384:Tank destroyers 1353:and the famous 1314: 1208: 1194: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1163: 1151: 1140: 1138:Anti-tank guns 1123: 1121:Field artillery 1043:Henschel Hs 129 1023:Battle of Kursk 1011: 986: 942:Mannerheim Line 855:chemical energy 756:Hindenburg Line 715:Interwar period 692: 671: 623:Geballte Ladung 615: 577: 575:First World War 561:ground pressure 536:shell fragments 507:field artillery 491:attack the rear 475: 436:FGM-148 Javelin 426:(IEDs) used in 301:tank destroyers 192: 181: 180: 179: 174: 168: 165: 154: 151:may be too long 146:This article's 142: 138: 127: 116: 110: 107: 97:Please help to 96: 80: 76: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4843: 4841: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4820:Anti-tank guns 4812: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4745: 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In the 251:anti-tank guns 194: 193: 176: 175: 145: 143: 136: 129: 128: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4842: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4800: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4752: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4546:Anti-aircraft 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486:Yugoslav Wars 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4478:Post-Cold War 4475: 4469: 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Vampir 2819: 2817: 2813: 2812:Chobham armor 2804: 2802: 2798: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778:mobility kill 2769: 2763:Effectiveness 2762: 2760: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2690:tandem-charge 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2607: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2570:Anti-tank gun 2563: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2479:shaped charge 2475: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2364:(unguided or 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2315:combined arms 2312: 2308: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2238: 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1189: 1181: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1155:This section 1153: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1094:Piper J-3 Cub 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1051:Ilyushin Il-2 1048: 1047:MK 101 cannon 1044: 1039: 1035: 1034:Junkers Ju 87 1030: 1024: 1020: 1019:Ilyushin Il-2 1015: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000:Ilyushin Il-2 997: 992: 983: 981: 978: 974: 973:cavalry tanks 970: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 922: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 890: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 856: 852: 851:shaped charge 848: 844: 841: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 811:. The Soviet 810: 806: 802: 799:, as did the 798: 794: 793:3.7 cm Pak 36 790: 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 708: 703: 699: 697: 689: 687: 685: 681: 677: 668: 663: 659: 654: 650: 648: 644: 640: 639:anti-tank gun 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 612: 607: 602: 598: 596: 591: 590:no man's land 586: 582: 574: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 537: 533: 528: 526: 522: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:Western Front 472: 470: 468: 464: 460: 455: 453: 452:shaped charge 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 396: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 341: 333: 330:towed behind 329: 324: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 231:German Empire 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 205: 200: 190: 187: 172: 169:December 2016 162: 158: 152: 150: 144: 135: 134: 125: 122: 114: 111:December 2010 104: 100: 94: 93: 87: 82: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 4668:Martial arts 4631:Depth charge 4601:Conventional 4560: 4342:Soviet Union 4219:World War II 3866: 3846: 3823:. 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Retrieved 2920: 2838: 2820: 2808: 2799: 2774: 2757: 2737: 2734:Soviet RPG-7 2718:Challenger 2 2673: 2663: 2644:also fitted 2631: 2604: 2596: 2585: 2548: 2536: 2513: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2476: 2472:submunitions 2469: 2462: 2437: 2430: 2411: 2400: 2391:AH-64 Apache 2366:laser-guided 2335: 2304: 2287: 2271:M26 Pershing 2267:M4A3 Sherman 2242: 2234: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2192: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2101:Belgian Army 2098: 2094: 2086: 2074: 2059:Examples of 2050: 2046: 1989: 1981: 1950: 1941: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1910: 1898: 1886:Please help 1881:verification 1878: 1854: 1850: 1834:World War II 1829: 1825: 1823: 1792: 1775: 1757:Soviet Union 1740:Hawkins mine 1713: 1692: 1666: 1661: 1652:was a small 1647: 1641: 1635: 1625: 1608: 1585: 1569: 1530: 1521: 1463: 1439: 1424: 1416: 1406:The British 1335:QF 6-pounder 1328: 1311:sloped armor 1299:World War II 1296: 1248:World War II 1245: 1217: 1184: 1175: 1164:Please help 1159:verification 1156: 1128:half-tracked 1124: 1110: 1087: 1082: 1060: 1038:dive bombing 1031: 1027: 1002: 987: 958: 923: 919: 891: 884: 880:spaced armor 837: 801:Bofors 37 mm 778: 772: 749:, including 743:Maginot Line 712: 693: 679: 672: 658:Mark IV tank 647:7.7 cm FK 16 622: 616: 578: 529: 499: 476: 456: 421: 397: 344:Soviet Union 338:Through the 337: 295:, anti-tank 289:World War II 286: 281:North Africa 257:used by the 243:World War II 225:. 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In the 349:radiation 159:and help 56:talk page 4799:Category 4766:Industry 4723:Tectonic 4708:Practice 4698:Personal 4591:Chemical 4531:Aircraft 4496:Iraq War 4468:Gulf War 4377:Cold War 4367:Infantry 4347:Thailand 4247:Bulgaria 4204:Japanese 4163:Infantry 4128:Portugal 4078:Bulgaria 4058:Chemical 3967:Japanese 3962:Medieval 3819:Archived 3336:24 April 2875:See also 2784:", and " 2750:(M136). 2610:Infantry 2590:and the 2504:Missiles 2490:immobile 2397:missiles 2321:Aircraft 2301:Cold War 2283:Cromwell 1793:Regular 1783:Grenades 1765:Teletank 1602:British 1555:and the 1493:Infantry 1466:casemate 1431:defilade 1427:Marder I 1206:Tank gun 1069:(as the 1009:Aircraft 998:and the 860:velocity 847:pressure 813:Red Army 809:tank gun 627:pioneers 357:doctrine 340:Cold War 317:reserves 307:and the 305:Red Army 259:infantry 4761:Arsenal 4738:Vehicle 4728:Torpedo 4688:Nuclear 4648:Hunting 4643:Firearm 4337:Romania 4297:Hungary 4287:Germany 4277:Finland 4272:Denmark 4262:Croatia 4237:Belgium 4232:Austria 4133:Romania 4093:Germany 4073:Belgium 4035:Antique 3957:Chinese 3952:African 3935:History 3927:Weapons 3838:Sources 3753:Haaretz 3663:192–194 3151:20 July 2861:Metis-M 2754:Tactics 2740:M72 LAW 2666:Soviets 2544:Israeli 2449:Bastion 2414:Bell 47 2290:bazooka 2285:tanks. 2249:T-34-85 2132:, 1945. 2106:M10 GMC 1928:scholar 1860:Tactics 1637:Bazooka 1565:PTRS-41 1513:PTRS-41 1446:M10 GMC 1343:US Army 1289:German 1237:caliber 1099:bazooka 1071:Mk. 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