1141:, members of the Masonic lodges played a major role in the rise of Portuguese liberalism and anticlericalism. However, he notes that the fraternity was not always united in opinion. Masons were found on both sides of the Gomes da Freire revolt in 1817. In 1820, however, Masons were devoted almost unanimously to the liberal cause in politics, and in the 1830s they had become the principal promoters of anticlericalism. After the triumph of constitutionalism, however, Portuguese Freemasonry split into more radical and more conservative groups, and by the 1860s it had ceased to play a catalytic role in politics. The upper middle class, established in power and wealth, were less attracted to it, and by the late nineteenth century Masons were drawn mainly from the lower middle class ranks of white-collar employees. Its place in radical politics at the turn of the century was taken over largely by secret republican radical political societies, especially the non-masonic Carbonária, and by 1912 the Masons had fewer than 3,000 members.
1743:"It is even reported that this year it is about to receive the deputies and leaders of the sect which is most embittered against Catholicism, who have appointed this city as the place for their solemn meeting. The reasons which have determined their choice of such a meeting place are no secret; they desire by this outrageous provocation to glut the hatred which they nourish against the Church, and to bring their incendiary torches within reach of the Roman Pontificate by attacking it in its very seat." Paragraph 3,
1161:: "Some of you may perchance wonder that the war against the Catholic Church extends so widely. Indeed each of you knows well the nature, zeal, and intention of sects, whether called Masonic or some other name. When he compares them with the nature, purpose, and amplitude of the conflict waged nearly everywhere against the Church, he cannot doubt but that the present calamity must be attributed to their deceits and machinations for the most part. For from these the
1097:, Freemasonry was not anticlerical from the outset. They state that this changed in the 19th century (in part because of measures by the Catholic Church) and that Freemasonry (mostly continental Freemasonry), developed an anticlerical outlook. They note, however, that the influence of freemasonry should not be given too much weight; even in Italy it was eclipsed in influence by non-Masonic groups such as the
1765:"Every familiarity should be avoided, not only with those impious libertines who openly promote the character of the sect, but also with those who hide under the mask of universal tolerance, respect for all religions, and the craving to reconcile the maxims of the Gospel with those of the revolution. These men seek to reconcile Christ and Belial, the Church of God and the state without God." Para 15,
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1365:, to see in him an inveterate enemy. The 1869 constitution made Catholicism the established religion of the state. He was the only ruler in the world to protest the Pope's loss of the Papal States, and two years later had the legislature consecrate Ecuador to the Sacred Heart. One of his biographers writes that after the public consecration, he was condemned to die by German Freemasonry.
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On August 5, shortly before his assassination, a priest visited GarcĂa Moreno and warned him, "You have been warned that your death was decreed by the
Freemasons; but you have not been told when. I have just heard that the assassins are going to try and carry out their plot at once. For God's sake,
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I wish to obtain your blessing before that day, so that I may have the strength and light which I need so much in order to be unto the end a faithful son of our
Redeemer, and a loyal and obedient servant of His Infallible Vicar. Now that the Masonic Lodges of the neighboring countries, instigated by
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believed that
Freemasonry had contributed to the anti-clerical violence that preceded the Spanish Civil War. He stated in an interview with a Spanish journalist that; "In my opinion, Freemasonry, with all its international influence, is the organization principally responsible for the political ruin
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who was a Mason must abandon either one or the other organization, and in 1925, he dissolved
Freemasonry in Italy, claiming that it was a political organisation with anti-religious influence. One of the most prominent Fascists, General Cappello, who had also been Deputy Grand Master of the Grande
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believed that the influence of
Freemasonry has often been overstated noting that Spanish Catholics had been accused of suffering from a "Masonic psychosis" and notes that, numbering near 65,000 in 1890, “they sometimes figured prominently in Spanish liberalism and republicanism, but their direct
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Meanwhile, historians such as Pere Sánchez have described
Freemasonry as anti-clerical. "At one level, Freemasonry had spiritually disavowed Catholicism, seeming to be a surrogate religion, without dogmas, which would replace Catholicism. If that were not enough to ensure enmity, it called for
1501:"In France, in 1877, and in Portugal in 1910, Freemasons took control of the government for a time and enacted laws to restrict the activities of the Church, particularly in education. In Latin America, the Freemasons have expressed anti-Church and anti-clerical sentiment." (
1361:, and during a period of their exile, he helped a group of displaced Jesuits find refuge in Ecuador. He had also advocated legislation which would outlaw secret societies. This action and many similar ones encouraged the anti-Catholic parties of Ecuador, especially the
1076:
The fact that the
Continental branch of Freemasonry was concentrated in traditionally Catholic countries may account for the fact that the fraternity has been seen by Catholic critics as an outlet for anti-Catholic disaffection. Many particularly
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Starting in the late eighteenth century, and rapidly expanding in the nineteenth, Freemasonry became polarized over the issue of whether the discussion of religion and politics was appropriate in lodges. Those Grand Lodges that adhered to the
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take your measures accordingly!" GarcĂa Moreno replied that he had already received similar warnings and after calm reflection concluded that the only measure he could take was to prepare himself to appear before God.
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are secretly arranging for my assassination, I have more need than ever of the divine protection so that I may live and die in defense of our holy religion and the beloved republic which I am called once more to rule.
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1730:"If ever these perils were menacing in Italy they are surely so now, at a time when the condition of the Civil State itself disastrously imperils the freedom of religion." Paragraph 1,
1701:"It also links Freemasonry with the Society of the Carbonari, known as the "Charcoal Burners", who at that time were active in Italy and were believed to be a revolutionary group."
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1049:. Freemasons usually take a diametrically opposite view, stating that there is nothing in Freemasonry that is in any way contrary to Catholicism or any other religious faith.
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maintained a strict rule that such discussion was banned. Historian John
Robinson notes this fact in reaching the conclusion that Freemasonry is not anticlerical.
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1311:, which enacted a number of anti-clerical provisions, for example fining priests for wearing clerical dress. Many Catholics rebelled in the conflict known as the
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wants to dictate a political policy and that is a very grave error, as our society is no longer in the era of
Christianity and priests are no longer viceroys of
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The hostility to
Freemasonry shaped much of the Catholic Church's strategy in regard to the newly established Italian state. For example, in the encyclical
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1330:," and that "There is a tendency in the Church to meddle in the social and political affairs of Mexico, but the priests should return to their Churches".
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1346:(1859-1865 and 1869–1875) and was assassinated during his second term, just days before he was to take office for his third term. He is noted for his
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1228:, complained about the way in which post-unification Italy denigrated the role of the church, which the Vatican blamed primarily on Freemasonry.
1243:, gave up his membership in the Fascist Party rather than in Masonry. He was later arrested on false charges and sentenced to 30 years in jail.
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Whether Freemasonry is anticlerical often depends on how anticlericalism is defined and which branches of Freemasonry are being referred to.
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sought to vigorously enforce the secularising provisions of the constitution and enacted additional anti-Catholic legislation known as the
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of whether or not the tax-exempt status of the Church's hospitals, schools, and other social service organizations should be withdrawn.
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to not recognize the Mexican government, as the Catholic clergy were increasingly stigmatized as collective enemies of the Revolution.
1322:, in discussing a call by the Church to lift the ban in the Mexican constitution against Catholic schools and newspapers, stated "The
1315:. On May 28, 1926, Calles was awarded a medal of merit from the head of Mexico's Scottish rite for his actions against the Catholics.
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1109:, political liberty, etc. For Freemasonry anticlericalism became one of the basic pillars of its engagement in politics and society."
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When he was elected a third time in 1875, he and many of his supporters considered it to be a death warrant. He wrote immediately to
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Henderson, Peter V. N. "Gabriel Garcia Moreno and Conservative State Formation in the Andes" p. 28 University of Texas Press, 2008
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1778:"Masonry has confiscated the inheritance of public charity; fill the void, then, with the treasure of private relief." Para 18,
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which was founded largely by Belgian Freemasons concerned at the expansion of Catholic influence within Higher Education.
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warned against Catholics becoming involved with liberal groups and asked Catholics to become more involved in forms of
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A contemporary review of public events observed that "It appears he was assassinated by members of a secret society".
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1756:'The Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction', Alphonse Cerza, published by the Masonic Service Association, September 1967.
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is formed which draws up its forces, advances its standards, and joins battle against the Church of Christ." The
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The Cristeros: 20th century Mexico's Catholic uprising, from The Angelus, January 2002, Volume XXV, Number 1
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and "German Freemasons fostered the Kulturkampf and helped further the dominance of the Prussian state."
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collective influence on both politics and anticlericalism has doubtless been considerably exaggerated".
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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regimes in traditionally Catholic countries were seen as having a strong Masonic element.
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Part of the animosity GarcĂa Moreno generated was because of his friendship toward the
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accused “radical and Masonic” groups of being behind a threatened investigation by the
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Calls It Masonic Conspiracy; Cardinal O'Connell Assails Leaders of Mexican Revolution
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GarcĂa Moreno's prediction was correct; he was assassinated exiting the Cathedral in
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1045:. The Catholic Church forbids its members to join any Masonic society under pain of
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concordats, secular education, public cemeteries, abolition of regular clergy and
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1969:
Annual Register: A Review of Public Events at Home and Abroad, for the year 1875
1651:"They also instigated the "Kulturkampf". The celebrated jurisconsult and Mason,
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Mexican masons lament decline of influence and launch new attack on the Church
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2045:"Chapter 22 Portugal under the Nineteenth-Century Constitutional Monarchy"
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1954:
Berthe, P. Augustine, translated from French by Mary Elizabeth Herbert
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Berthe, P. Augustine, translated from French by Mary Elizabeth Herbert
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in 1873 claimed that Freemasonry was the motivating force behind the
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Culture wars: secular-Catholic conflict in nineteenth-century Europe
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historically had more much anticlerical beliefs than other forms of
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also claims that the Kulturkampf was instigated by Masonic lodges.
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Politicians say Masons behind investigation of the Church in Italy
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in 1914 as part of a "Masonic conspiracy" in conjunction with the
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1692:, Page 312, Historical dictionary of Brussels, by Paul F. State.
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1582:"Francisco Franco quotes (12 quotes) | Quotes of famous people"
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asking for his blessing before inauguration day on August 30:
1426:
Declaration Concerning Status of Catholics Becoming Freemasons
169:
67:
26:
1411:
War of Anti-Christ with the Church and Christian Civilization
187:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1041:, and some scholars have often accused the fraternity of
1216:(1929) there was a cold war between the Papacy and the
193:
1588:. 2021-10-04. Archived from the original on 2021-10-04
1564:
1562:
1064:
Anglo-American Freemasonry v. continental Freemasonry
1338:
Some attributed to Freemasonry the assassination of
1201:
linked the anticlerical Italian secret society, the
2678:
Relations between the Catholic Church and the state
1990:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 54–55, 213,
98:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2012:, Connor Court Publishing Pty Ltd, pp. 7–10,
1680:, 1967 ed, Volume 6, p 135, McGraw-Hill, New York.
2038:. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1956:"Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador, 1821-1875"
1605:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1177:The rivalry between the Catholic Church and the
1820:page 206, The Mexican Revolution, Alan Knight,
1703:Roman Catholic Church Law Regarding Freemasonry
2064:, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 127,
1943:Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador, 1821-1875
1553:La maçoneria a Catalunya (in Catalan), L'Avenç
2105:
1930:Gabriel Garcia Moreno, Regenerator of Ecuador
1006:
8:
2053:, vol. 2, University of Wisconsin Press
1984:Clark, Christopher; Kaiser, Wolfram (2003),
1491:, New York: M. Evans and Company, p. 19
552:International Order of the Rainbow for Girls
2061:Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview
1538:
1526:
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61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1705:by Reid McInvale, Texas Lodge of Research.
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245:
1431:Letter to U.S. Bishops Concerning Masonry
1294:American Federation of Catholic Societies
1234:decreed in 1924 that every member of his
234:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
2080:"Catholics and the Freemason 'Religion'"
2010:Catholic Values and Australian Realities
1794:, Catholic News Agency, August 31, 2007.
1502:
1876:, Catholic News Agency, August 9, 2007.
1452:
1437:Papal documents relating to Freemasonry
1262:Union of Christian and Centre Democrats
590:Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry
257:
1598:
1459:
1619:
1568:
518:Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star
7:
2321:Religious views on same-sex marriage
1318:In August 2007 Pedro Marquez of the
96:adding citations to reliable sources
1320:Grand Lodge of the Valley of Mexico
1260:In 2007 Italian politicians in the
1958:pp. 297-298, 1889 Burns and Oates.
1071:Anglo-American form of Freemasonry
107:"Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry"
25:
3386:Freemasonry-related controversies
1745:Etsi Nos (On Conditions in Italy)
1732:Etsi Nos (On Conditions in Italy)
1715:Etsi Nos (On Conditions in Italy)
425:Order of Royal and Select Masters
42:This article has multiple issues.
2186:Constitutional references to God
2149:Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry
2032:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
265:
174:
72:
31:
2301:Religious rejection of politics
2050:A History of Spain and Portugal
1257:away from the "Masonic" state.
731:Great Architect of the Universe
83:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
18:Anticlericalism and Freemasonry
3244:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2364:Separation of church and state
1839:The Cristero Rebellion: Part 1
1033:is the subject of debate. The
1:
2078:Saunders, Fr William (2007),
2029:"Masonry (Freemasonry)"
1945:p. 297, 1889 Burns and Oates.
1690:Universite Libre de Bruxelles
1476:, New York: Arcade Publishing
1181:led to the foundation of the
1085:Extent of the anticlericalism
761:List of Masonic Abbreviations
580:Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition
440:Order of Saint Thomas of Acon
2496:German Christians (movement)
2482:Evangelical environmentalism
1928:Maxwell-Scott, Mary Monica,
1551:Pere, Sánchez Ferré (1984).
1421:Christianity and Freemasonry
726:Masonic ritual and symbolism
307:Regular Masonic jurisdiction
3381:Catholicism and Freemasonry
3334:Religious aspects of Nazism
2587:Christian reconstructionism
1183:Free University of Brussels
1037:has long been an outspoken
585:Masonic conspiracy theories
529:Masonic youth organizations
380:Order of Mark Master Masons
3402:
3000:Jewish political movements
2476:Christian environmentalism
2288:Religion and peacebuilding
2058:Payne, Stanley G. (1984),
2043:Payne, Stanley G. (1973),
1971:p. 323, 1876, Rivingtons.
1487:Robinson, John J. (1993),
1290:North American Protestants
1193:In the Papal constitution
312:Anglo-American Freemasonry
3290:
3279:
3199:
3188:
3071:
3058:
2922:
2909:
2746:
2733:
2417:
2411:Christianity and politics
2404:
2138:
2127:
2084:Arlington Catholic Herald
1678:New Catholic Encyclopedia
1239:Oriente, Italy's leading
708:List of Masonic buildings
688:Mark Masons' Hall, London
513:Order of the Eastern Star
3300:Disestablishmentarianism
2563:Christian libertarianism
2471:Christian egalitarianism
2432:Christian anti-communism
2026:Gruber, Hermann (1910).
2004:Franklin, James (2006),
1442:Papal ban of Freemasonry
1224:). The Papal Encyclical
1195:Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo
1089:According to historians
1025:The question of whether
683:Freemasons' Hall, London
595:Papal ban of Freemasonry
495:Masonic groups for women
405:Red Cross of Constantine
3295:American civil religion
3204:Buddhist anti-communism
2517:Protestant Reich Church
2006:"Freemasonry in Europe"
1932:, p. 152. London, 1914.
1887:"Gabriel GarcĂa Moreno"
1539:Clark & Kaiser 2003
1527:Clark & Kaiser 2003
1515:Clark & Kaiser 2003
1472:Ridley, Jasper (2001),
1354:religious perspective.
1286:William Henry O'Connell
1222:Prisoner in the Vatican
1179:Grand Orient of Belgium
1137:According to historian
1054:Continental Freemasonry
678:Lodge Mother Kilwinning
445:Royal Order of Scotland
317:Continental Freemasonry
302:Prince Hall Freemasonry
3146:Hindu environmentalism
2972:Revisionist Maximalism
2451:Christian anti-Zionism
2437:Christian anti-Masonry
2257:Religious anti-Zionism
2252:Religious anti-Masonry
1780:Custodi di Quella Fede
1767:Custodi di Quella Fede
1653:Grandmaster Bluntschli
1388:
1248:Custodi di quella fede
1208:In the period between
703:Detroit Masonic Temple
484:Tall Cedars of Lebanon
479:Royal Order of Jesters
450:Order of Knight Masons
430:Grand College of Rites
335:History of Freemasonry
292:Masonic lodge officers
196:by rewriting it in an
3339:Creativity (religion)
3194:Buddhism and politics
3065:Hinduism and politics
2756:Human Rights in Islam
2673:Political Catholicism
2579:Christian peacemaking
2568:Christian nationalism
2510:Positive Christianity
2461:Christian corporatism
2306:Religious segregation
2277:Religious nationalism
2035:Catholic Encyclopedia
1892:Catholic Encyclopedia
1841:Mexico Connect, 1996.
1806:, November 16, 1914,
1661:Catholic Encyclopedia
1657:Masonry (Freemasonry)
1374:
1340:Gabriel GarcĂa Moreno
1305:Plutarco ElĂas Calles
1296:urged U.S. president
1292:. O'Connell and the
1284:was seen by Cardinal
1167:Catholic Encyclopedia
1149:The Papal encyclical
1039:critic of Freemasonry
756:Chamber of Reflection
508:Order of the Amaranth
503:Women and Freemasonry
420:Societas Rosicruciana
3329:Neopaganist feminism
3224:Buddhist nationalism
3046:World Agudath Israel
2916:Judaism and politics
2776:Islamic anti-Zionism
2771:Islamic anti-Masonry
2503:National Catholicism
2311:Religious separatism
2237:Organized secularism
2196:Engaged Spirituality
2121:Religion in politics
1860:by Olivier Lelibre,
1344:President of Ecuador
1342:who twice served as
797:Volume of Sacred Law
736:Square and Compasses
92:improve this article
3262:Humanistic Buddhism
2937:Jewish anti-Zionism
2751:Hui pan-nationalism
2646:Liberation theology
2602:Christian socialism
2466:Christian democracy
2456:Christian communism
2427:Christian anarchism
2316:Religious socialism
2262:Religious communism
2247:Religious anarchism
2222:Freedom of religion
1270:European Commission
1210:Italian unification
693:House of the Temple
653:John the Evangelist
345:Masonic manuscripts
3324:Khalistan movement
3252:Buddhist socialism
3219:Buddhist modernism
3176:Uniform civil code
2878:Political quietism
2740:Islam and politics
2718:Neo-ultramontanism
2692:Sphere sovereignty
2592:Christian republic
2573:Christian pacifism
2539:Christian humanism
2525:Christian feminism
2331:Secular liberalism
2282:Religious pacifism
2267:Religious humanism
2242:Political religion
1856:2009-09-03 at the
1809:The New York Times
1671:2013-01-30 at the
1638:2006-04-03 at the
1324:Catholic hierarchy
1282:Mexican Revolution
1163:synagogue of Satan
673:List of Freemasons
668:Elizabeth Aldworth
575:Anti-Masonic Party
390:Royal Arch Masonry
198:encyclopedic style
185:is written like a
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3313:
3275:
3274:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3209:Buddhist feminism
3184:
3183:
3156:Indigenous Aryans
3151:Integral humanism
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:Hindu nationalism
3054:
3053:
3023:
3010:Jewish secularism
2974:
2967:
2951:Jewish Autonomism
2945:
2905:
2904:
2897:Two-nation theory
2891:
2857:
2834:Islamic socialism
2818:
2811:
2804:
2781:Islamic democracy
2766:Islamic anarchism
2729:
2728:
2720:
2686:
2651:Maronite politics
2631:Dominion Theology
2621:Christian Zionism
2610:
2581:
2557:
2533:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2490:Christian fascism
2484:
2445:
2400:
2399:
2366:
2359:
2290:
2232:Identity politics
2216:
2214:Womanist theology
2209:
2201:Feminist theology
2175:
2151:
1717:, promulgated by
1555:. pp. 53–61.
1517:, pp. 54–55.
1091:Christopher Clark
1023:
1022:
771:Masonic Landmarks
746:Eye of Providence
638:Thomas Smith Webb
612:People and places
244:
243:
236:
226:
225:
218:
168:
167:
160:
142:
65:
16:(Redirected from
3393:
3376:Anti-clericalism
3346:Personality cult
3309:
3281:
3267:Secular Buddhism
3257:Engaged Buddhism
3242:
3235:
3228:
3190:
3141:Hindu revivalism
3136:Hindu revolution
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3060:
3019:
3015:Jewish socialism
2970:
2963:
2956:Jewish democracy
2941:
2932:Jewish anarchism
2911:
2887:
2853:
2829:Islamic republic
2824:Islamic pacifism
2814:
2807:
2800:
2791:Islamic feminism
2735:
2716:
2682:
2606:
2577:
2555:Evangelical left
2553:
2529:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2480:
2441:
2422:Blaine Amendment
2406:
2362:
2357:Secular religion
2355:
2326:Secular humanism
2296:Religious police
2286:
2212:
2205:
2173:Clerical fascism
2171:
2147:
2143:Anti-clericalism
2133:General concepts
2129:
2114:
2107:
2100:
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1489:A Pilgrim's Path
1484:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1359:Society of Jesus
1232:Benito Mussolini
1218:Kingdom of Italy
1214:Lateran Treaties
1205:to Freemasonry.
1139:Stanley G. Payne
1126:Francisco Franco
1119:Stanley G. Payne
1015:
1008:
1001:
778:Morals and Dogma
698:Solomon's Temple
658:John the Baptist
564:Views on Masonry
269:
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3195:
3180:
3096:Hindu modernism
3067:
3050:
2995:Jewish pacifism
2980:Jewish feminism
2960:Jewish fascism
2918:
2901:
2844:Islamic Zionism
2786:Islamic fascism
2742:
2725:
2616:Christian state
2597:Christian right
2531:Mormon feminism
2413:
2396:
2181:Confessionalism
2134:
2123:
2118:
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1255:Catholic Action
1212:(1870) and the
1191:
1175:
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1115:
1087:
1066:
1043:anticlericalism
1035:Catholic Church
1019:
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989:
915:North Macedonia
810:
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801:
766:Sprig of Acacia
721:
713:
712:
633:William Preston
613:
605:
604:
565:
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547:Job's Daughters
400:Knights Templar
395:Cryptic Masonry
385:Holy Royal Arch
358:
350:
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277:
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194:help improve it
191:
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3166:Saffronisation
3163:
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3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3081:Hindu feminism
3078:
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2927:Halachic state
2923:
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2907:
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2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2893:
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2889:Talibanization
2880:
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2744:
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2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2712:Ultramontanism
2709:
2704:
2702:Temporal power
2699:
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2599:
2594:
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2570:
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2549:Christian left
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2398:
2397:
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2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:State religion
2379:
2374:
2372:Spiritual left
2369:
2368:
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2360:
2351:Secularization
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2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2162:Civil religion
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
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2136:
2135:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2070:
2055:
2040:
2023:
2018:
2001:
1996:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1967:Burke, Edmund
1960:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1904:
1878:
1866:
1843:
1830:
1813:
1796:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1749:
1736:
1723:
1707:
1694:
1682:
1644:
1624:
1612:
1573:
1571:, p. 127.
1558:
1543:
1541:, p. 213.
1531:
1519:
1507:
1494:
1479:
1474:The Freemasons
1464:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1335:
1332:
1298:Woodrow Wilson
1277:
1274:
1190:
1187:
1174:
1171:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1117:The historian
1114:
1111:
1095:Wolfram Kaiser
1086:
1083:
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1021:
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786:
784:Propaganda Due
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773:
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623:James Anderson
620:
618:Masonic Temple
614:
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523:Co-Freemasonry
520:
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455:Research Lodge
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370:Masonic bodies
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357:Masonic bodies
356:
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348:
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340:Liberté chérie
337:
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40:
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24:
14:
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10:
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3:
2:
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3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3305:Imperial cult
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
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3207:
3205:
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3198:
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3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:Panun Kashmir
3118:
3115:
3114:Hindu Rashtra
3111:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:Akhand Bharat
3074:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
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2885:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:Islamic state
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2816:In South Asia
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Theodemocracy
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Pillarisation
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:Phoenicianism
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Christian law
2542:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:State atheism
2375:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Secular state
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:Religious law
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
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1129:of Spain..."
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1079:anti-clerical
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741:Pigpen cipher
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663:William Schaw
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643:Albert Mackey
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415:Knight Kadosh
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410:Scottish Rite
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287:Masonic lodge
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183:This article
181:
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119:
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109: –
108:
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103:Find sources:
97:
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81:This article
79:
75:
70:
69:
64:
62:
55:
54:
49:
48:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
3351:State Shinto
3311:Ancient Rome
3230:969 Movement
3214:Buddhist law
3005:Jewish right
2863:Islamization
2697:Subsidiarity
2684:In Argentina
2636:Febronianism
2148:
2083:
2060:
2049:
2033:
2009:
1986:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1907:
1896:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1869:
1846:
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1816:
1807:
1799:
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1761:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1710:
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1647:
1627:
1615:
1590:. Retrieved
1585:
1576:
1552:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1497:
1488:
1482:
1473:
1467:
1455:
1416:Anti-Masonry
1400:
1396:
1389:
1375:
1370:Pope Pius IX
1367:
1356:
1348:conservatism
1337:
1317:
1313:Cristero War
1302:
1279:
1266:Forza Italia
1259:
1245:
1230:
1207:
1197:(1821) Pope
1192:
1176:
1155:Pope Pius IX
1148:
1136:
1124:
1116:
1103:
1088:
1075:
1067:
1051:
1047:interdiction
1031:anticlerical
1024:
945:South Africa
791:Ahiman Rezon
790:
777:
570:Anti-Masonry
466:Side degrees
435:Swedish Rite
297:Grand Master
230:
212:
203:
184:
154:
145:
135:
128:
121:
114:
102:
90:Please help
85:verification
82:
58:
51:
45:
44:Please help
41:
3319:Gottgläubig
3237:Nichirenism
2990:Jewish left
2873:Petro-Islam
2809:In Pakistan
2663:Papal state
2641:Gallicanism
2626:Cisalpinism
2191:Divine rule
2167:Clericalism
1862:The Angelus
1666:Freemasonry
1460:Gruber 1910
1241:Grand Lodge
1159:Kulturkampf
1058:Freemasonry
1027:Freemasonry
920:Philippines
751:Hiram Abiff
648:Albert Pike
628:Prince Hall
282:Grand Lodge
259:Freemasonry
3370:Categories
3161:Rama Rajya
3128:Bangabhumi
3029:Poale Zion
2985:Jewish law
2802:by country
2796:Sharia law
2346:Secularity
2341:Secularism
1978:References
1917:0292719035
1898:2007-02-18
1837:Tuck, Jim
1826:0803277717
1633:Etsi Multa
1620:Payne 1973
1592:2021-10-04
1586:archive.is
1569:Payne 1984
1309:Calles Law
1303:President
1151:Etsi multa
895:Luxembourg
809:By country
789:Dermott's
600:Taxil hoax
489:The Grotto
474:The Shrine
206:April 2010
148:April 2010
118:newspapers
47:improve it
3091:Hindu law
3039:Religious
2855:Criticism
2443:Papal ban
2387:Theocracy
1631:Para 28,
1328:New Spain
1203:Carbonari
1099:Carbonari
980:Venezuela
955:Sri Lanka
870:Indonesia
375:York Rite
53:talk page
3107:Hindutva
3086:Gandhism
2965:Kahanism
2868:Khilafat
2849:Islamism
2392:Theonomy
2227:Humanism
2207:Thealogy
1854:Archived
1721:in 1882.
1669:Archived
1636:Archived
1601:cite web
1405:See also
1352:Catholic
1251:Leo XIII
1226:Etsi Nos
1199:Pius VII
1133:Portugal
965:Thailand
940:Scotland
925:Portugal
900:Malaysia
815:Barbados
542:A.J.E.F.
276:Overview
251:a series
249:Part of
3171:Shuddhi
3034:Zionism
3021:Bundism
2943:Haredim
2883:Taliban
2761:Imamate
2608:In Utah
1659:in the
1379:Germany
1334:Ecuador
1173:Belgium
1145:Germany
1107:Jesuits
975:Ukraine
930:Romania
890:Lebanon
860:Iceland
855:Germany
850:Finland
840:Denmark
835:Croatia
820:Belgium
776:Pike's
720:Related
537:DeMolay
362:Masonic
329:History
192:Please
132:scholar
2068:
2016:
1994:
1915:
1824:
1433:(1985)
1383:Lodges
1363:Masons
1276:Mexico
970:Turkey
960:Sweden
935:Russia
910:Mexico
875:Israel
845:France
825:Canada
134:
127:
120:
113:
105:
3285:Other
1448:Notes
1392:Quito
1220:(see
1189:Italy
1113:Spain
950:Spain
905:Malta
885:Japan
880:Italy
865:India
830:China
460:Corks
139:JSTOR
125:books
2066:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1607:link
1350:and
1280:The
1264:and
1093:and
111:news
1153:of
1029:is
94:by
3372::
2082:,
2047:,
2008:,
1889:.
1676:,
1603:}}
1599:{{
1584:.
1561:^
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253:on
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204:(
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136:·
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63:)
59:(
20:)
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