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families. This, coupled with the involvement of the Roman aristocracy in his election, suggests that the motivations were less ideological than rooted in local politics. According to Werner, there were meetings in Rome attended by bishops and cardinals, after which
Maginulf, a man of learning and
215:
and his brothers, Nicola Cencio
Baroncio and his son Pietro, Romano di Romano Baroncio and his brothers and nephews, and Enrico di Sant'Eustachio and his sons. This is the earliest record of Stefano Oddone, called
266:
a hundred years earlier. The conspirators who had elevated the new pope sent word to
Margrave Werner, requesting imperial support. Werner marched on Rome with imperial (German) troops and took possession of the
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upright character, was elected pope. The head of the Roman militia, Berto, was required to force
Maginulf to accept the honour. According to Paschal's biography in the
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998:
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under the protection of
Margrave Werner. The next five years are completely unknown. Sylvester only comes again into view in the spring of 1111, when the German king
320:
used him as a pawn in his negotiations with
Paschal. Henry, who wanted Paschal to crown him emperor, forced Sylvester to renounce the Papacy on 12 or 13 April 1111.
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287:
on 18 November 1105. The following day a battle broke out in the streets of Rome. There were two pitched battles: one near the
Lateran Basilica and another in the
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from 1080 to 1101. While the elections of
Theodoric and Adalbert were relatively minor affairs, the election of Maginulf signalled a crisis in the pontificate of
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3121:
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250:, Maginulf's election was the work of the Devil. In a letter, Paschal cites his failure to give sufficient "gifts" to the Romans for the election of Maginulf.
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After his election
Maginulf took the papal name of Sylvester IV. This was a deliberate ploy to garner imperial sympathy, since it hearkened back to
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301:(infantrymen) were involved in the fighting. Sylvester's infantry are said to have chased Paschal's cavalry throughout
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Sylvester was allowed to live out the rest of his life in Osimo under the protection of Werner. According to the
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231:, describes his election as beginning with some clergy who were dissatisfied with Paschal's
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88:
75:
59:
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770:
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288:
207:
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4389:
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900:
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309:
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1941:
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1419:
1409:
1220:
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908:
272:
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Sylvester IV soon ran short on funds to pay his soldiers and left Rome for
3672:
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3414:
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1235:
572:
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438:
232:
205:, and elected Maginulf in opposition to Paschal II in November 1105. The
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2017:
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2195:
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2124:
2091:
111:
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2156:
2120:
976:
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1880:
147:
119:
4095:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the
Immaculate Heart of Mary
3062:
980:
967:
521:
130:, who later forced him to abdicate. Today he is regarded as an
122:. He had the backing of the Roman militia and initially of the
517:
142:
Before his election as pope, Maginulf was the archpriest of
118:. A priest before his election, he was probably a native of
3984:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
393:
Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900–1150
493:
Keepers of the Keys of Heaven: A History of the Papacy
4339:
4015:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
4199:
4065:
3992:
3927:
3811:
3746:
3648:
3570:
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3384:
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1993:
1940:
1865:
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769:
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642:
601:
555:
84:
71:
44:
36:
28:
21:
490:
211:records the noblemen who supported his election:
197:Members of the Roman aristocracy gathered in the
170:and was widely noted in contemporary chronicles:
4085:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
150:. He cannot be linked to the line of antipopes—
3074:
992:
533:
8:
312:with a bodyguard before finally settling in
279:, although Paschal addressed a letter from
4100:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4050:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3469:
3458:
3241:
3081:
3067:
3059:
2921:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
1862:
1377:
1062:
999:
985:
977:
964:
842:
766:
540:
526:
518:
18:
146:, which suggests that he was a native of
96:Other popes and antipopes named Sylvester
464:Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes
16:Claimant to the Papacy from 1105 to 1111
4346:
369:
336:
283:. Sylvester IV was consecrated in the
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
7:
433:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
3954:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
439:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
114:from 1105 to 1111 in opposition to
3509:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
305:, leaving over sixty horses dead.
14:
4373:
4361:
4349:
4316:
4304:
3635:Fourth Council of Constantinople
3590:Second Council of Constantinople
3043:
3042:
3031:
2999:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
2547:Criticism of the Catholic Church
946:
936:
935:
271:, forcing Paschal II to flee to
3605:Third Council of Constantinople
3529:First Council of Constantinople
1166:First seven ecumenical councils
35:
27:
3844:Dissolution of the monasteries
3110:History of the Catholic Church
1741:Separation of church and state
397:, pp. 173, 234, 239, 264, 426.
1:
4401:12th-century Christian clergy
3718:Fourth Council of the Lateran
3693:Second Council of the Lateran
3302:Apostles in the New Testament
901:Conclavist/post-Sedevacantist
3832:Catholic Counter-Reformation
3698:Third Council of the Lateran
3688:First Council of the Lateran
3144:Catholic ecumenical councils
462:Charles A. Coulombe (2003),
435:, Volume 92: Semino–Sisto IV
466:, Kensington, p. 230,
4427:
3178:History of the Roman Curia
3038:Catholic Church portal
4299:
3914:European wars of religion
3225:Eastern Catholic Churches
3026:
2964:Aid to the Church in Need
2585:Vatican Television Center
2230:Eastern Catholic Churches
1014:
974:
969:Links to related articles
931:
878:Apostles of Infinite Love
395:, Oxford University Press
94:
4045:Mary of the Divine Heart
3668:Clash against the empire
3620:Second Council of Nicaea
3514:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2906:Communion and Liberation
2370:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1535:Mystici Corporis Christi
1463:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
759:Late Middle Ages /
497:, Basic Books, pp.
428:"Silvestro IV, antipapa"
343:Also spelled Maginulfo,
262:, the great ally of the
144:Sant'Angelo in Pescheria
110:, was a claimant to the
4311:Vatican City portal
3663:Investiture Controversy
3519:First Council of Nicaea
1721:Philosophy of canon law
1651:Mariology of the saints
1231:Investiture Controversy
356:Also spelled Silvester.
4396:12th-century antipopes
4323:Catholicism portal
4134:Second Vatican Council
4020:Our Lady of La Salette
3827:Protestant Reformation
3814:Protestant Reformation
3733:Second Council of Lyon
3122:Ecclesiastical history
2974:Catholic Charities USA
2608:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
2596:Vatican Polyglot Press
1646:Mariology of the popes
1284:Protestant Reformation
953:Catholicism portal
426:Andrea Piazza (2018).
281:Saint Peter's Basilica
4030:First Vatican Council
3728:First Council of Lyon
3492:Constantine the Great
3188:Christian monasticism
2728:Good Shepherd Sisters
2570:Holy See Press Office
1808:Doctors of the Church
1641:Immaculate Conception
1596:Anointing of the Sick
1131:History of the papacy
730:Victor IV (1159–1164)
227:, in a letter to the
201:, then the church of
4207:Sexual abuse scandal
4116:Mit brennender Sorge
3959:Age of Enlightenment
3738:Bernard of Clairvaux
3615:Byzantine Iconoclasm
3554:Council of Chalcedon
3334:Council of Jerusalem
3203:Role in civilization
3183:Religious institutes
3115:By country or region
2601:L'Osservatore Romano
2539:Role in civilisation
2265:Croatian and Serbian
2013:Episcopal conference
1975:St. Peter's Basilica
1333:Sexual abuse scandal
1289:Catholic Reformation
437:(in Italian). Rome:
192:Sigebert of Gembloux
4035:Papal infallibility
4025:Our Lady of Lourdes
3974:Shimabara Rebellion
3818:Counter-Reformation
2936:Neocatechumenal Way
2901:Charismatic Renewal
2615:Annuario Pontificio
2213:Particular churches
1889:Ecumenical councils
1661:Perpetual virginity
1496:Communitas perfecta
1440:Sermon on the Mount
203:Santa Maria Rotonda
173:Annales Ceccanenses
4080:Our Lady of Fátima
3869:Ignatius of Loyola
3793:Catherine of Siena
3761:Pope Boniface VIII
3580:Benedict of Nursia
3549:Council of Ephesus
3386:Ante-Nicene period
3339:Split with Judaism
3173:Crusading movement
2773:Premonstratensians
1156:Ante-Nicene period
1034:Lists of Catholics
247:Liber pontificalis
235:favoritism of the
220:, in the sources.
179:Annales Leodienses
124:Holy Roman Emperor
4337:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4291:COVID-19 pandemic
4269:Pope Benedict XVI
4174:Pope John Paul II
3949:Pope Benedict XIV
3935:French Revolution
3919:Thirty Years' War
3909:Robert Bellarmine
3894:John of the Cross
3798:Pope Alexander VI
3783:Council of Vienne
3713:Francis of Assisi
3703:Pope Innocent III
3572:Early Middle Ages
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3504:Arian controversy
3457:
3456:
3405:Apostolic Fathers
3056:
3055:
2466:
2465:
1859:
1682:
1681:
1374:
1351:
1350:
1343:COVID-19 pandemic
1313:French Revolution
1303:Thirty Years' War
1211:Islamic conquests
1124:Apostolic fathers
1059:
961:
960:
927:
926:
825:
824:
602:Early Middle Ages
275:according to the
260:Pope Sylvester II
162:—who opposed the
101:
100:
80:
64:
56:
4418:
4378:
4377:
4366:
4365:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4321:
4320:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4286:Patriarch Kirill
4159:Pope John Paul I
3964:Anti-clericalism
3944:Pope Innocent XI
3864:Society of Jesus
3849:Council of Trent
3803:Age of Discovery
3748:Late Middle Ages
3650:High Middle Ages
3640:East–West Schism
3524:Pope Sylvester I
3470:
3459:
3369:General epistles
3364:Pauline epistles
3297:John the Baptist
3280:Great Commission
3242:
3193:Catholic culture
3083:
3076:
3069:
3060:
3046:
3045:
3036:
3035:
2778:Redemptoristines
2626:Religious orders
2552:Anti-Catholicism
2502:Church buildings
2362:Catholic liturgy
2102:Consecrated life
1960:Apostolic Palace
1927:Synod of Bishops
1863:
1839:
1445:Ten Commandments
1378:
1360:
1261:Age of Discovery
1095:Great Commission
1063:
1047:
1001:
994:
987:
978:
965:
951:
950:
939:
938:
843:
767:
725:Victor IV (1138)
643:High Middle Ages
542:
535:
528:
519:
512:
511:
496:
483:
477:
476:
459:
453:
452:
448:978-8-81200032-6
423:
398:
396:
385:
357:
354:
348:
341:
303:Santa Maria Nova
285:Lateran Basilica
264:Emperor Otto III
229:Emperor Henry IV
225:Werner of Ancona
188:Ekkehard of Aura
164:Reformist papacy
78:
62:
54:
19:
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4348:
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4333:
4332:
4327:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4295:
4217:World Youth Day
4195:
4184:World Youth Day
4128:Pacem in terris
4122:Pope John XXIII
4061:
3988:
3979:Edict of Nantes
3937:
3933:
3923:
3889:Teresa of Ávila
3884:Tridentine Mass
3820:
3816:
3807:
3788:Knights Templar
3742:
3644:
3600:Gregorian chant
3558:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3465:
3453:
3380:
3249:
3237:
3229:
3096:
3094:Catholic Church
3087:
3057:
3052:
3030:
3022:
3001:
2984:Relief Services
2950:
2896:Catholic Action
2886:Military orders
2823:Confraternities
2815:of the faithful
2814:
2807:
2629:
2620:
2556:
2462:
2356:
2215:
2207:
2140:Prior, Prioress
2096:
1989:
1985:Vatican Museums
1936:
1869:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1757:
1711:Social teaching
1678:
1617:
1562:
1517:One true church
1481:
1458:Sixtine Vulgate
1454:Official Bible
1368:
1364:
1359:
1347:
1265:
1197:
1142:
1112:Petrine primacy
1055:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1010:
1008:Catholic Church
1005:
970:
962:
957:
945:
923:
895:
872:
834:
821:
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760:
754:
638:
597:
551:
546:
516:
515:
509:
485:
484:
480:
474:
461:
460:
456:
449:
425:
424:
401:
387:
386:
371:
366:
361:
360:
355:
351:
342:
338:
333:
256:
168:Pope Paschal II
140:
67:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4424:
4422:
4414:
4413:
4411:Pantheon, Rome
4408:
4403:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4370:
4358:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4313:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4124:
4119:
4112:
4107:
4105:Lateran Treaty
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3930:Baroque period
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:Peter Canisius
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Francis Xavier
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3838:Exsurge Domine
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Pope Clement V
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:Avignon Papacy
3766:Western Schism
3763:
3758:
3756:Thomas Aquinas
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Saint Boniface
3607:
3602:
3597:
3595:Pope Gregory I
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3534:Biblical canon
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3488:
3486:
3467:
3463:Late antiquity
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:Pope Clement I
3400:Church Fathers
3397:
3391:
3389:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3161:Biblical canon
3156:Catholic Bible
3153:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Legion of Mary
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2860:Lay Carmelites
2857:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2819:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Conceptionists
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Assumptionists
2639:
2637:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2345:Syro-Malankara
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Italo-Albanian
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Lateran Treaty
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:Moral theology
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1384:
1382:
1375:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Pope Gregory I
1213:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1188:Biblical canon
1185:
1183:Late antiquity
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1119:Church fathers
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1053:Ecclesiastical
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
981:
975:
972:
971:
968:
959:
958:
956:
955:
943:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
911:
905:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
882:
880:
874:
873:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
849:
840:
836:
835:
833:
832:
826:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
808:
806:
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
775:
773:
764:
762:Western Schism
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
655:Anastasius III
652:
646:
644:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
629:Constantine II
626:
621:
616:
611:
605:
603:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
559:
557:
556:Late Antiquity
553:
552:
547:
545:
544:
537:
530:
522:
514:
513:
507:
478:
473:978-0806523705
472:
454:
447:
399:
368:
367:
365:
362:
359:
358:
349:
335:
334:
332:
329:
325:Annales Romani
297:(cavalry) and
289:Circus Maximus
277:Annales Romani
255:
252:
213:Stefano Oddone
208:Annales Romani
184:Annalista Saxo
139:
136:
99:
98:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
73:
69:
68:
66:
65:
57:
48:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4423:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4347:
4343:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Mother Teresa
4162:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Pope Pius XII
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4056:Rerum novarum
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:Pope Leo XIII
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:United States
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:Pope Pius VII
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Scholasticism
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Pope Urban II
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Justin Martyr
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:New Testament
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Commissioning
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:Apostolic Age
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3137:Papal primacy
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3049:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Home Missions
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:Saint Francis
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Saint Dominic
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
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2028:
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2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
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1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
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1900:
1899:
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1892:
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1887:
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1879:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:List of popes
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
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1846:
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1662:
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1657:
1656:Mother of God
1654:
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1556:
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1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:People of God
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:Infallibility
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
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1500:
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1426:
1423:
1421:
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1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Body and soul
1403:
1399:
1396:
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1391:
1390:
1389:
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1379:
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1326:
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1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Enlightenment
1306:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:Protestantism
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Scholasticism
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Schism (1378)
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Schism (1054)
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
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1177:
1174:
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1167:
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1129:
1125:
1122:
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1120:
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1100:
1096:
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1016:
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973:
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949:
944:
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930:
920:
917:
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912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
902:
898:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
879:
875:
870:
867:
865:
864:Gregory XVIII
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
848:
844:
841:
837:
831:
828:
827:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:Benedict XIII
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
772:
768:
765:
763:
757:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
740:Callixtus III
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
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632:
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612:
610:
607:
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586:
584:
581:
579:
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571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
558:
554:
550:
543:
538:
536:
531:
529:
524:
523:
520:
510:
508:9780465011957
504:
500:
495:
494:
488:
487:Roger Collins
482:
479:
475:
469:
465:
458:
455:
450:
444:
440:
436:
434:
429:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
400:
394:
390:
389:Chris Wickham
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
370:
363:
353:
350:
346:
340:
337:
330:
328:
326:
321:
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315:
311:
306:
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296:
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278:
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149:
145:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
77:
74:
70:
61:
58:
55:(as antipope)
53:
50:
49:
47:
43:
39:
31:
20:
4368:Christianity
4278:
4274:Pope Francis
4200:21st century
4149:Pope Paul VI
4126:
4114:
4067:20th century
4054:
4005:Pope Pius IX
3993:19th century
3969:Pope Pius VI
3836:
3708:Latin Empire
3678:Universities
3630:Pope Leo III
3497:Christianity
3482:state church
3474:Great Church
3275:Resurrection
3238:(30–325/476)
3235:Early Church
3220:Latin Church
3215:Papal States
3210:Vatican City
3018:Universities
2850:Third orders
2813:Associations
2803:Visitandines
2798:Trinitarians
2748:Mercedarians
2733:Hieronymites
2678:Camaldoleses
2663:Benedictines
2653:Augustinians
2613:
2606:
2599:
2580:Vatican News
2534:Distinctions
2340:Syro-Malabar
2225:Latin Church
2147:Grand master
2045:Metropolitan
1942:Vatican City
1837:Organisation
1716:Philosophers
1581:Confirmation
1558:In canon law
1552:Subsistit in
1550:
1546:Three states
1533:
1494:
1487:Ecclesiology
1469:Nova Vulgata
1467:
1425:Original sin
1420:Nicene Creed
1410:Divine grace
1369:
1251:Universities
1221:Papal States
1148:Great Church
1090:Resurrection
1067:Early Church
891:Gregory XVII
854:Gregory XVII
794:Benedict XIV
789:Clement VIII
745:Innocent III
720:Anacletus II
715:Celestine II
710:Gregory VIII
705:Sylvester IV
704:
665:Boniface VII
492:
481:
463:
457:
431:
392:
352:
344:
339:
324:
322:
307:
298:
292:
276:
273:Tiber Island
257:
245:
222:
206:
196:
177:
171:
141:
107:
104:Sylvester IV
103:
102:
37:Papacy ended
29:Papacy began
23:Sylvester IV
4380:Catholicism
4280:Laudato si'
4075:Pope Pius X
3904:Philip Neri
3879:Pope Pius V
3854:Thomas More
3723:Inquisition
3625:Charlemagne
3585:Monasticism
3395:Persecution
3287:Holy Spirit
3270:Crucifixion
3149:First seven
3008:Health care
2994:Pax Christi
2946:Schoenstatt
2911:Sant'Egidio
2743:Legionaries
2723:Franciscans
2698:Cistercians
2693:Carthusians
2648:Annonciades
2507:Altarpieces
2400:West Syriac
2395:East Syriac
2375:Alexandrian
1999:Holy orders
1980:Swiss Guard
1920:Dicasteries
1915:Roman Curia
1813:Evangelists
1771:Holy Family
1706:Personalism
1696:Natural law
1674:Josephology
1608:Holy orders
1246:Inquisition
1203:Middle Ages
1193:Monasticism
1161:Constantine
1085:Crucifixion
812:Alexander V
779:Clement VII
735:Paschal III
690:Clement III
685:Honorius II
660:Christopher
347:in Italian.
254:Pontificate
152:Clement III
45:Predecessor
4390:Categories
4153:coronation
3859:Pope Leo X
3444:Tertullian
3374:Revelation
3349:Background
2763:Oratorians
2718:Dominicans
2688:Carmelites
2683:Camillians
2631:institutes
2444:Tridentine
2380:Antiochian
2300:Macedonian
2245:Belarusian
2135:Provincial
2050:Archbishop
1970:Roman Rota
1932:Properties
1857:By country
1853:Precedence
1818:Confessors
1798:Archangels
1788:Patriarchs
1688:Philosophy
1666:Veneration
1631:Assumption
1601:Last rites
1568:Sacraments
1512:Four marks
1323:Vatican II
1271:Modern era
1107:Succession
919:Michael II
886:Clement XV
839:Modern era
817:John XXIII
750:Nicholas V
680:Benedict X
675:Gregory VI
609:Laurentius
568:Hippolytus
364:References
233:simoniacal
218:the Norman
116:Paschal II
89:Paschal II
85:Opposed to
76:Paschal II
60:Paschal II
4406:Antipopes
4356:Biography
4169:Communism
4139:Ecumenism
3485:(380–451)
3477:(180–451)
3466:(313–476)
3388:(100–325)
3004:See also:
2956:Charities
2865:Discalced
2793:Trappists
2788:Theatines
2758:Olivetans
2703:Clarisses
2673:Blue nuns
2658:Basilians
2635:societies
2543:See also:
2429:Mozarabic
2419:Ambrosian
2405:Malankara
2390:Byzantine
2350:Ukrainian
2325:Ruthenian
2290:Hungarian
2275:Ethiopian
2250:Bulgarian
2217:sui iuris
2201:Postulant
2110:Religious
2065:Auxiliary
2060:Coadjutor
2030:Patriarch
1898:Cardinals
1845:Canon law
1841:Hierarchy
1823:Disciples
1746:Relations
1734:Evolution
1725:See also:
1670:See also:
1623:Mariology
1613:Matrimony
1586:Eucharist
1507:Ecumenism
1435:Salvation
1371:Catechism
1366:Tradition
1328:Communism
1176:Chalcedon
914:Pius XIII
909:Michael I
869:Peter III
847:Palmarian
695:Theodoric
650:John VIII
614:Dioscorus
588:Ursicinus
578:Heraclius
549:Antipopes
345:Maginolfo
241:Pierleoni
223:Margrave
156:Theodoric
79:(as pope)
72:Successor
63:(as pope)
4179:HIV/AIDS
3673:Crusades
3427:Irenaeus
3420:Ignatius
3415:Polycarp
3265:Ministry
3253:(30–100)
3127:Timeline
3048:Category
2941:Opus Dei
2926:Scouting
2916:Focolare
2783:Servites
2768:Piarists
2713:Crosiers
2449:Anglican
2385:Armenian
2315:Romanian
2305:Maronite
2280:Georgian
2270:Eritrean
2255:Chaldean
2240:Armenian
2235:Albanian
2116:Superior
2075:Emeritus
2055:Diocesan
1908:Advisers
1867:Holy See
1793:Prophets
1751:Politics
1522:Catholic
1502:Councils
1357:Theology
1236:Crusades
1171:Nicaea I
1102:Apostles
1080:Ministry
1049:Timeline
1029:Glossary
941:Category
859:Peter II
700:Adalbert
670:John XVI
619:Theodore
593:Eulalius
583:Felix II
573:Novatian
563:Natalius
489:(2009),
391:(2015),
199:Pantheon
160:Adalbert
138:Election
132:antipope
128:Henry IV
108:Maginulf
52:Adalbert
4342:Portals
4144:Judaism
3544:Vulgate
3354:Gospels
3329:Stephen
3246:Origins
3166:Vulgate
3102:General
3092:of the
3090:History
3013:Schools
2969:Caritas
2877:Secular
2843:Workers
2738:Jesuits
2524:Museums
2519:Library
2497:Writers
2492:Artists
2472:Culture
2439:Paul VI
2320:Russian
2310:Melkite
2152:Brother
2130:General
2070:Titular
2040:Primate
2018:Eparchy
2008:Diocese
1955:Outline
1894:College
1884:Francis
1828:Virgins
1803:Martyrs
1729:Science
1636:History
1591:Penance
1576:Baptism
1477:Worship
1450:Vulgate
1398:Kingdom
1393:Trinity
1381:General
1136:Primacy
1044:History
1024:Outline
830:Felix V
771:Avignon
624:Paschal
499:221–223
318:Henry V
299:pedites
294:equites
291:. Both
269:Lateran
237:Colonna
106:, born
4110:Nazism
3932:to the
3539:Jerome
3449:Origen
3132:Papacy
2891:Fimcap
2833:Marian
2753:Minims
2485:Marian
2335:Syriac
2330:Slovak
2260:Coptic
2196:Oblate
2191:Master
2186:Novice
2181:Hermit
2169:Sister
2125:Abbess
2092:Deacon
2087:Priest
2082:Parish
2025:Bishop
1995:Polity
1781:Joseph
1763:Saints
1430:Saints
1318:Nazism
634:Philip
505:
470:
445:
310:Tivoli
182:, the
112:Papacy
4212:Islam
3480:Roman
3439:Canon
3312:Peter
3260:Jesus
2989:CIDSE
2838:Youth
2562:Media
2529:Music
2454:Zaire
2434:Roman
2424:Braga
2414:Latin
2285:Greek
2157:Friar
2121:Abbot
2035:Major
1950:Index
1849:Laity
1415:Dogma
1362:Bible
1338:Islam
1294:Trent
1075:Jesus
1057:Legal
1019:Index
331:Notes
314:Osimo
4262:2023
4257:2019
4252:2016
4247:2013
4242:2011
4237:2008
4232:2005
4227:2002
4222:2000
4189:1995
3359:Acts
3322:Paul
3317:John
3292:Mary
2514:Folk
2162:Monk
1903:List
1881:Pope
1776:Mary
804:Pisa
503:ISBN
468:ISBN
443:ISBN
239:and
158:and
148:Rome
120:Rome
40:1111
32:1105
3248:and
3198:Art
2828:Lay
2480:Art
2174:Nun
1896:of
1388:God
4392::
2633:,
2123:,
501:,
441:.
430:.
402:^
372:^
194:.
190:,
186:,
176:,
154:,
134:.
126:,
4344::
4155:)
4151:(
3082:e
3075:t
3068:v
2628:,
2112::
2001:)
1997:(
1874:)
1870:(
1000:e
993:t
986:v
541:e
534:t
527:v
451:.
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