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351:. Here Victor was received by the emperor, who, as a sign of humility, helped him to get off the horse and took him by the hand and led him to the altar and kissed his feet. Most of the episcopate of the Empire followed the decision of the synod. However, this attempt to secure Victor's recognition was never completely successful in Germany, since Bishop
278:. However, five cardinals, the clergy of St. Peter's, and the Roman populace refused to recognize him and elected their own candidate Octaviano on 7 September 1159. He was very popular on account of his liberality, accessibility, and splendour of living. He was considered a great friend of the Germans and rested his hopes on the Emperor
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with Louis VII to decide the issue of who should be the pope. Louis neared the meeting site, but when he became aware that
Frederick had stacked the votes for Alexander, Louis decided not to attend the council. As a result, the issue was not resolved at that time. This disastrous meeting had as its
342:
in
February 1160, which was attended by about fifty archbishops and bishops. The emperor, after the sacking of Crema the previous month, summoned both popes to Pavia. Alexander III declined, arguing that the pope should be subjected only to the judgment of God. Frederick then declared himself in
387:
the power of the pope over the church in the various countries had increased so greatly that the kings of France and of
England could not view with indifference a revival of such imperial control of the papacy as had been exercised by the
362:
From 1159 to 1162, Victor participated in four councils; Pavia(February 1160), Lodi(June 1161), St.-Jean-de-Losne(September 1162), and Trier(November 1162). All were convened under the auspices to condemn
Alexander III and his supporters.
428:
in
Outremer recognized Alexander III as true pope, even if in some of these countries there were significant Victorine minorities in episcopates or among feudal rulers. The papal schism in Europe was now a fact.
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249:'s words, "made the Church a laughingstock". In Germany, he met Frederick, duke of Swabia, who would soon become the new Emperor Frederick Barbarossa; the cardinal was present at the imperial election.
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result that the king held firmly to the obedience of
Alexander. During the years 1162–1165 Alexander lived in France, and from 1163 the pope exerted himself to gain more of Germany for his cause.
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Both popes sent their legates to the
Catholic kingdoms in order to secure their recognition. Frederick was at first neutral, but with clerical advice convoked a synod at
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457:. When Pope Alexander III learned of the death of his rival, he wept, and reprimanded his cardinals when they showed inappropriate delight. The clergy of the
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Duggan, Anne J. (2016). "Master of the
Decretals: A Reassessment of Alexander III's Contribution to Canon Law". In Duggan, Anne J.; Clarke, Peter D. (eds.).
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also supported Victor IV. Alexander was nevertheless able to gain the support of the rest of western Europe, because since the days of
197:. He took the name Victor IV, not acknowledging Antipope Victor IV of 1138, whose holding of the papal office was deemed illegitimate.
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286:, had desired his election; Rolando was certainly not agreeable to him, yet neither was it to his interest to have an antipope.
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Pope
Alexander III and the Council of Tours (1163): A Study of Ecclesiastical Politics and Institutions in the Twelfth Century
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469:. Therefore, he was buried in a local monastery. When miracles were reported at his tomb, it was destroyed by order of
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Die Wahl
Alexander III und Victor IV (1159): Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kirchenspaltung unter Kaiser Friedrich I
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This article is about the former Cardinal Octavianus, antipope from 1159 to 1164. For the earlier antipope, see
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house, whose members often became popes in the 10th through 12th centuries. He was appointed as rector of
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Barlow, F. (1936). "The English, Norman and French Councils called to deal with Papal Schism in 1159,"
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Madden, Thomas F. (2016). "Alexander III and Venice". In Duggan, Anne J.; Clarke, Peter D. (eds.).
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favour of Victor IV, and the synod decided, as was to be expected, for Victor, and pronounced an
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and his own armed groups in relatively short time he took control over the City of Rome and the
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972:. Translated by Cusimano, Richard; Whitmore, Eric. The Catholic University of America Press.
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837:"Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII"
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All uncertainty came to an end on 20 April 1164. That day, while travelling with
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upon Alexander. On February 11, 1160, the council ended with a procession to
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as eloquent and refined, but petty and parsimonious. When he was sent with
436:
wavered once more. Frederick then attempted to convoke a joint council at
375:
also gave his support to Victor IV, but the primate of Denmark archbishop
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Polish bishops took part in the schismatic synods in 1160 and 1165 (
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148:
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859:
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
3545:
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355:
was his principal opponent. In response, Alexander on his side
282:. Yet it is not to be assumed that the emperor, busy with the
274:
they elected the chancellor Rolando, who assumed the title of
1000:
322:, while Alexander III took refuge in the territory of the
4467:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
765:
Adrian IV, the English Pope, 1154–1159: Studies and Texts
850:
Kampf um den Stuhl Petri. Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste
825:
Power and Faith: Politics and Religion in Western Europe
588:
586:
798:
Keepers Of The Keys Of Heaven: A History Of The Papacy
465:
would not allow Victor IV buried there because of his
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4498:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
221:
in 1138. In 1151 Octaviano became cardinal priest of
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84:
74:
66:
58:
50:
39:
893:Frederick Barbarossa: a Study in Medieval Politics
870:. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
379:became a partisan of Alexander III. It seems that
877:Pope Alexander III (1159–81): The Art of Survival
816:Pope Alexander III (1159–81): The Art of Survival
4568:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
979:A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages
938:The Papacy 1073–1198. Continuity and Innovation
676:Angelo Forte, Richard Oram, Frederik Pedersen,
176:Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli
895:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
294:Victor IV was consecrated on 4 October in the
205:Octaviano Monticelli belonged to the powerful
3557:
1475:
1016:
8:
4904:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
970:Selected Works of Abbot Suger of Saint Denis
787:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
245:, he quarrelled with his co-legate and, in
4583:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4533:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3952:
3941:
3724:
3564:
3550:
3542:
3404:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
2345:
1860:
1545:
1482:
1468:
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1447:
1325:
1249:
1023:
1009:
1001:
664:
359:both Frederick I and Victor IV.
178:) (1095 – 20 April 1164) was elected as a
36:
473:in December 1187. Victor's successor was
270:gathered to elect a new pope. During the
640:
193:. His election was supported by Emperor
4829:
628:
592:
529:"MONTICELLI, Ottaviano de' (1095-1164)"
504:
780:
652:
604:
533:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
156:Other popes and antipopes named Victor
763:Bolton, Brenda, Duggan, Anne (2003).
703:, ed. A. Wiencek, Kraków 2008, p. 75)
616:
519:
517:
7:
721:
558:
556:
554:
272:Papal election of 4–7 September 1159
4437:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
682:, Cambridge University Press, 2005
3992:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
807:The Middle Ages, A Popular History
25:
963:. University of California Press.
925:. Macfarland & Company, Inc.
858:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1912).
4856:
4844:
4832:
4799:
4787:
4118:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4073:Second Council of Constantinople
3526:
3525:
3514:
3482:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
3030:Criticism of the Catholic Church
1429:
1419:
1418:
940:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks.
905:The Kingdom in the Sun 1130–1194
537:Florida International University
231:Cardinal Jordan of Santa Susanna
185:in 1159, following the death of
4088:Third Council of Constantinople
4012:First Council of Constantinople
1649:First seven ecumenical councils
843:(in Latin). Berlin: Veit et al.
314:. With the armed assistance of
65:
57:
4899:12th-century Italian cardinals
4327:Dissolution of the monasteries
3593:History of the Catholic Church
2224:Separation of church and state
879:. Routledge. pp. 315–340.
18:Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164)
1:
4201:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4176:Second Council of the Lateran
3785:Apostles in the New Testament
1384:Conclavist/post-Sedevacantist
936:Robinson, Ian Stuart (1990).
887:(Göttingen 1871) (in German).
809:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
4315:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4181:Third Council of the Lateran
4171:First Council of the Lateran
3627:Catholic ecumenical councils
848:Laudage, Christiane (2012).
759:51 (1936), pp. 242–268.
562:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)
27:Italian cardinal (1095–1164)
959:Somerville, Robert (1977).
767:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
487:Papal selection before 1059
304:Sacred College of Cardinals
4920:
3661:History of the Roman Curia
3521:Catholic Church portal
981:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
942:Cambridge University Press
823:Huscroft, Richard (2023).
511:Norwich, 149–150 and note.
29:
4889:People from Tivoli, Lazio
4782:
4397:European wars of religion
3708:Eastern Catholic Churches
3509:
3447:Aid to the Church in Need
3068:Vatican Television Center
2713:Eastern Catholic Churches
1497:
1457:
1452:Links to related articles
1414:
1361:Apostles of Infinite Love
757:English Historical Review
154:
32:Antipope Victor IV (1138)
4528:Mary of the Divine Heart
4151:Clash against the empire
4103:Second Council of Nicaea
3997:Old St. Peter's Basilica
3389:Communion and Liberation
2853:Eastern Catholic liturgy
2018:Mystici Corporis Christi
1946:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1242:Late Middle Ages /
977:Ullmann, Walter (2003).
921:Reardon, Wendy J. 2004.
701:Dzieje Kościoła w Polsce
4794:Vatican City portal
4146:Investiture Controversy
4002:First Council of Nicaea
2204:Philosophy of canon law
2134:Mariology of the saints
1714:Investiture Controversy
923:The Deaths of the Popes
841:Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka
796:Collins, Roger (2009).
742:Laudage (2012), p. 212.
262:Following the death of
241:to Italy to be crowned
129:Octaviano de Monticelli
4894:12th-century antipopes
4806:Catholicism portal
4617:Second Vatican Council
4503:Our Lady of La Salette
4310:Protestant Reformation
4297:Protestant Reformation
4216:Second Council of Lyon
3605:Ecclesiastical history
3457:Catholic Charities USA
3091:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
3079:Vatican Polyglot Press
2129:Mariology of the popes
1767:Protestant Reformation
1436:Catholicism portal
883:Meyer, Moritz (1871).
856:Löffler, Klemens, in:
733:Reardon (2004), p. 95.
320:Patrimony of St. Peter
306:, assisted by Ubaldo,
225:. He was described by
4513:First Vatican Council
4211:First Council of Lyon
3975:Constantine the Great
3671:Christian monasticism
3211:Good Shepherd Sisters
3053:Holy See Press Office
2291:Doctors of the Church
2124:Immaculate Conception
2079:Anointing of the Sick
1614:History of the papacy
1213:Victor IV (1159–1164)
867:Catholic Encyclopedia
712:Robinson, pp. 475–476
373:Valdemar I of Denmark
239:Conrad III of Germany
219:San Nicola in Carcere
201:Early life and career
4690:Sexual abuse scandal
4599:Mit brennender Sorge
4442:Age of Enlightenment
4221:Bernard of Clairvaux
4098:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4037:Council of Chalcedon
3817:Council of Jerusalem
3686:Role in civilization
3666:Religious institutes
3598:By country or region
3084:L'Osservatore Romano
3022:Role in civilisation
2748:Croatian and Serbian
2496:Episcopal conference
2458:St. Peter's Basilica
1816:Sexual abuse scandal
1772:Catholic Reformation
907:. London: Longmans.
901:Norwich, John Julius
891:Munz, Peter (1969).
453:, Victor IV died at
353:Eberhard of Salzburg
316:Otto von Wittelsbach
280:Frederick Barbarossa
268:College of Cardinals
195:Frederick Barbarossa
189:and the election of
4518:Papal infallibility
4508:Our Lady of Lourdes
4457:Shimabara Rebellion
4301:Counter-Reformation
3419:Neocatechumenal Way
3384:Charismatic Renewal
3098:Annuario Pontificio
2696:Particular churches
2372:Ecumenical councils
2144:Perpetual virginity
1979:Communitas perfecta
1923:Sermon on the Mount
852:. Freiburg: Herder.
805:Dahmus, J. (1969).
438:Saint-Jean-de-Losne
434:Louis VII of France
308:bishop of Ferentino
298:by Cardinal-Bishop
89:Antipapal claimant:
4563:Our Lady of Fátima
4352:Ignatius of Loyola
4276:Catherine of Siena
4244:Pope Boniface VIII
4063:Benedict of Nursia
4032:Council of Ephesus
3869:Ante-Nicene period
3822:Split with Judaism
3656:Crusading movement
3256:Premonstratensians
1639:Ante-Nicene period
1517:Lists of Catholics
243:Holy Roman Emperor
4820:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4774:COVID-19 pandemic
4752:Pope Benedict XVI
4657:Pope John Paul II
4432:Pope Benedict XIV
4418:French Revolution
4402:Thirty Years' War
4392:Robert Bellarmine
4377:John of the Cross
4281:Pope Alexander VI
4266:Council of Vienne
4196:Francis of Assisi
4186:Pope Innocent III
4055:Early Middle Ages
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
3987:Arian controversy
3940:
3939:
3888:Apostolic Fathers
3539:
3538:
2949:
2948:
2342:
2165:
2164:
1857:
1834:
1833:
1826:COVID-19 pandemic
1796:French Revolution
1786:Thirty Years' War
1694:Islamic conquests
1607:Apostolic fathers
1542:
1444:
1443:
1410:
1409:
1308:
1307:
1085:Early Middle Ages
951:978-0-521-31922-5
861:"Victor IV"
774:978-0-7546-0708-3
525:Miranda, Salvador
471:Pope Gregory VIII
451:Rainald of Dassel
390:Emperor Henry III
324:Kingdom of Sicily
247:John of Salisbury
227:John of Salisbury
213:in May 1137, and
161:
160:
16:(Redirected from
4911:
4861:
4860:
4849:
4848:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4804:
4803:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4769:Patriarch Kirill
4642:Pope John Paul I
4447:Anti-clericalism
4427:Pope Innocent XI
4347:Society of Jesus
4332:Council of Trent
4286:Age of Discovery
4231:Late Middle Ages
4133:High Middle Ages
4123:East–West Schism
4007:Pope Sylvester I
3953:
3942:
3852:General epistles
3847:Pauline epistles
3780:John the Baptist
3763:Great Commission
3725:
3676:Catholic culture
3566:
3559:
3552:
3543:
3529:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3261:Redemptoristines
3109:Religious orders
3035:Anti-Catholicism
2985:Church buildings
2845:Catholic liturgy
2585:Consecrated life
2443:Apostolic Palace
2410:Synod of Bishops
2346:
2322:
1928:Ten Commandments
1861:
1843:
1744:Age of Discovery
1578:Great Commission
1546:
1530:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1448:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1326:
1250:
1208:Victor IV (1138)
1126:High Middle Ages
1025:
1018:
1011:
1002:
996:Crescenzi family
994:
982:
973:
964:
955:
918:
896:
880:
871:
863:
853:
844:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
786:
778:
743:
740:
734:
731:
725:
719:
713:
710:
704:
697:
691:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
581:
580:Robinson, p. 484
578:
572:
569:
563:
560:
549:
548:
521:
512:
509:
300:Imar of Tusculum
120:Personal details
62:7 September 1159
54:7 September 1159
37:
21:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4778:
4700:World Youth Day
4678:
4667:World Youth Day
4611:Pacem in terris
4605:Pope John XXIII
4544:
4471:
4462:Edict of Nantes
4420:
4416:
4406:
4372:Teresa of Ávila
4367:Tridentine Mass
4303:
4299:
4290:
4271:Knights Templar
4225:
4127:
4083:Gregorian chant
4041:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3948:
3936:
3863:
3732:
3720:
3712:
3579:
3577:Catholic Church
3570:
3540:
3535:
3513:
3505:
3484:
3467:Relief Services
3433:
3379:Catholic Action
3369:Military orders
3306:Confraternities
3298:of the faithful
3297:
3290:
3112:
3103:
3039:
2945:
2839:
2698:
2690:
2623:Prior, Prioress
2579:
2472:
2468:Vatican Museums
2419:
2352:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2240:
2194:Social teaching
2161:
2100:
2045:
2000:One true church
1964:
1941:Sixtine Vulgate
1937:Official Bible
1851:
1847:
1842:
1830:
1748:
1680:
1625:
1595:Petrine primacy
1538:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1493:
1491:Catholic Church
1488:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1428:
1406:
1378:
1355:
1317:
1304:
1281:
1243:
1237:
1121:
1080:
1034:
1029:
992:
989:
976:
967:
958:
952:
935:
915:
899:
890:
874:
857:
847:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
779:
775:
762:
752:
747:
746:
741:
737:
732:
728:
720:
716:
711:
707:
698:
694:
675:
671:
665:Somerville 1977
663:
659:
651:
647:
639:
635:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
591:
584:
579:
575:
570:
566:
561:
552:
523:
522:
515:
510:
506:
501:
483:
467:excommunication
459:Lucca Cathedral
447:
426:Crusader states
369:
349:Pavia Cathedral
336:
326:, and later in
312:bishop of Melfi
292:
260:
255:
215:cardinal priest
203:
147:
138:
133:
131:
130:
91:
46:
43:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4917:
4915:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4853:
4841:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4590:
4588:Lateran Treaty
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4413:Baroque period
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:Peter Canisius
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Francis Xavier
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4321:Exsurge Domine
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:Pope Clement V
4258:
4257:
4256:
4254:Avignon Papacy
4249:Western Schism
4246:
4241:
4239:Thomas Aquinas
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:Saint Boniface
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:Pope Gregory I
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:Biblical canon
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3971:
3969:
3950:
3946:Late antiquity
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3893:Pope Clement I
3883:Church Fathers
3880:
3874:
3872:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3739:
3737:
3722:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3644:Biblical canon
3639:Catholic Bible
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Legion of Mary
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3343:Lay Carmelites
3340:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Conceptionists
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Assumptionists
3122:
3120:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2828:Syro-Malankara
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2778:Italo-Albanian
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Lateran Treaty
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2374:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2343:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Moral theology
2181:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1867:
1865:
1858:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Pope Gregory I
1696:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:Biblical canon
1668:
1666:Late antiquity
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:Church fathers
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1536:Ecclesiastical
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1245:Western Schism
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Anastasius III
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1112:Constantine II
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1039:Late Antiquity
1036:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1005:
999:
998:
988:
987:External links
985:
984:
983:
974:
968:Suger (2018).
965:
956:
950:
933:
919:
914:978-0582127357
913:
897:
888:
881:
872:
854:
845:
833:Jaffé, Philipp
829:
820:
811:
802:
800:. Basic Books.
793:
773:
760:
751:
748:
745:
744:
735:
726:
714:
705:
692:
679:Viking empires
669:
667:, p. 4-5.
657:
655:, p. 328.
645:
643:, p. 224.
633:
631:, p. 125.
621:
619:, p. 178.
609:
607:, p. 410.
597:
595:, p. 240.
582:
573:
564:
550:
513:
503:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:Papal conclave
489:
482:
479:
446:
443:
432:In 1162, King
368:
365:
357:excommunicated
335:
332:
310:and Riccardo,
302:, dean of the
296:abbey of Farfa
291:
288:
284:Siege of Crema
264:Pope Adrian IV
259:
256:
254:
251:
202:
199:
187:Pope Adrian IV
159:
158:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
128:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4916:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4830:
4826:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4795:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Mother Teresa
4645:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Pope Pius XII
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4539:Rerum novarum
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Pope Leo XIII
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:United States
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4483:Pope Pius VII
4481:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Scholasticism
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:Pope Urban II
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Justin Martyr
3915:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3827:New Testament
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Commissioning
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:Apostolic Age
3730:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3620:Papal primacy
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3532:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Home Missions
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3355:Saint Francis
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Saint Dominic
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:Bethlehemites
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3073:Vatican Radio
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3058:Vatican Media
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:List of popes
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Mother of God
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:People of God
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:Infallibility
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:Body and soul
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Enlightenment
1789:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:Protestantism
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Scholasticism
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Schism (1378)
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Schism (1054)
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Gregory XVIII
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:Benedict XIII
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Callixtus III
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1003:
997:
991:
990:
986:
980:
975:
971:
966:
962:
957:
953:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
931:0-7864-1527-4
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
878:
873:
869:
868:
862:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
817:
812:
808:
803:
799:
794:
790:
784:
776:
770:
766:
761:
758:
754:
753:
749:
739:
736:
730:
727:
724:, p. 228
723:
718:
715:
709:
706:
702:
696:
693:
689:
688:0-521-82992-5
685:
681:
680:
673:
670:
666:
661:
658:
654:
649:
646:
642:
641:Huscroft 2023
637:
634:
630:
625:
622:
618:
613:
610:
606:
601:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
577:
574:
571:Jaffé, p. 828
568:
565:
559:
557:
555:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
520:
518:
514:
508:
505:
498:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
442:
439:
435:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:. Therefore,
391:
386:
382:
378:
377:Eskil of Lund
374:
366:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
276:Alexander III
273:
269:
265:
257:
253:Reign as pope
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Santa Cecilia
220:
216:
212:
208:
200:
198:
196:
192:
191:Alexander III
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
157:
153:
150:
146:20 April 1164
145:
141:
137:
127:
123:
118:
115:
111:
109:Other post(s)
107:
104:
103:Alexander III
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:20 April 1164
69:
61:
53:
49:
38:
33:
19:
4851:Christianity
4761:
4757:Pope Francis
4683:21st century
4632:Pope Paul VI
4609:
4597:
4550:20th century
4537:
4488:Pope Pius IX
4476:19th century
4452:Pope Pius VI
4319:
4191:Latin Empire
4161:Universities
4113:Pope Leo III
3980:Christianity
3965:state church
3957:Great Church
3758:Resurrection
3721:(30–325/476)
3718:Early Church
3703:Latin Church
3698:Papal States
3693:Vatican City
3501:Universities
3333:Third orders
3296:Associations
3286:Visitandines
3281:Trinitarians
3231:Mercedarians
3216:Hieronymites
3161:Camaldoleses
3146:Benedictines
3136:Augustinians
3096:
3089:
3082:
3063:Vatican News
3017:Distinctions
2823:Syro-Malabar
2708:Latin Church
2630:Grand master
2528:Metropolitan
2425:Vatican City
2320:Organisation
2199:Philosophers
2064:Confirmation
2041:In canon law
2035:Subsistit in
2033:
2029:Three states
2016:
1977:
1970:Ecclesiology
1952:Nova Vulgata
1950:
1908:Original sin
1903:Nicene Creed
1893:Divine grace
1852:
1734:Universities
1704:Papal States
1631:Great Church
1573:Resurrection
1550:Early Church
1374:Gregory XVII
1337:Gregory XVII
1277:Benedict XIV
1272:Clement VIII
1228:Innocent III
1212:
1203:Anacletus II
1198:Celestine II
1193:Gregory VIII
1188:Sylvester IV
1148:Boniface VII
993:(in Italian)
978:
969:
960:
937:
922:
904:
892:
884:
876:
865:
849:
840:
827:. Routledge.
824:
818:. Routledge.
815:
806:
797:
764:
756:
738:
729:
717:
708:
700:
695:
677:
672:
660:
648:
636:
629:Ullmann 2003
624:
612:
600:
593:Collins 2009
576:
567:
532:
507:
494:(since 1274)
463:San Frediano
448:
431:
370:
361:
337:
293:
290:Consecration
261:
235:papal legate
207:Theophylacti
204:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:
112:Cardinal of
88:
67:Papacy ended
59:Papacy began
4884:1164 deaths
4879:1095 births
4863:Catholicism
4763:Laudato si'
4558:Pope Pius X
4387:Philip Neri
4362:Pope Pius V
4337:Thomas More
4206:Inquisition
4108:Charlemagne
4068:Monasticism
3878:Persecution
3770:Holy Spirit
3753:Crucifixion
3632:First seven
3491:Health care
3477:Pax Christi
3429:Schoenstatt
3394:Sant'Egidio
3226:Legionaries
3206:Franciscans
3181:Cistercians
3176:Carthusians
3131:Annonciades
2990:Altarpieces
2883:West Syriac
2878:East Syriac
2858:Alexandrian
2482:Holy orders
2463:Swiss Guard
2403:Dicasteries
2398:Roman Curia
2296:Evangelists
2254:Holy Family
2189:Personalism
2179:Natural law
2157:Josephology
2091:Holy orders
1729:Inquisition
1686:Middle Ages
1676:Monasticism
1644:Constantine
1568:Crucifixion
1295:Alexander V
1262:Clement VII
1218:Paschal III
1173:Clement III
1168:Honorius II
1143:Christopher
722:Munz (1969)
653:Madden 2016
605:Duggan 2016
539:Libraries.
475:Paschal III
367:Recognition
114:St. Cecilia
93:Paschal III
75:Predecessor
4873:Categories
4636:coronation
4342:Pope Leo X
3927:Tertullian
3857:Revelation
3832:Background
3246:Oratorians
3201:Dominicans
3171:Carmelites
3166:Camillians
3114:institutes
2927:Tridentine
2863:Antiochian
2783:Macedonian
2728:Belarusian
2618:Provincial
2533:Archbishop
2453:Roman Rota
2415:Properties
2340:By country
2336:Precedence
2301:Confessors
2281:Archangels
2271:Patriarchs
2171:Philosophy
2149:Veneration
2114:Assumption
2084:Last rites
2051:Sacraments
1995:Four marks
1806:Vatican II
1754:Modern era
1590:Succession
1402:Michael II
1369:Clement XV
1322:Modern era
1300:John XXIII
1233:Nicholas V
1163:Benedict X
1158:Gregory VI
1092:Laurentius
1051:Hippolytus
617:Suger 2018
499:References
424:, and the
385:Hildebrand
237:to summon
180:Ghibelline
172:Octavianus
136:Montecelio
99:Opposed to
4839:Biography
4652:Communism
4622:Ecumenism
3968:(380–451)
3960:(180–451)
3949:(313–476)
3871:(100–325)
3487:See also:
3439:Charities
3348:Discalced
3276:Trappists
3271:Theatines
3241:Olivetans
3186:Clarisses
3156:Blue nuns
3141:Basilians
3118:societies
3026:See also:
2912:Mozarabic
2902:Ambrosian
2888:Malankara
2873:Byzantine
2833:Ukrainian
2808:Ruthenian
2773:Hungarian
2758:Ethiopian
2733:Bulgarian
2700:sui iuris
2684:Postulant
2593:Religious
2548:Auxiliary
2543:Coadjutor
2513:Patriarch
2381:Cardinals
2328:Canon law
2324:Hierarchy
2306:Disciples
2229:Relations
2217:Evolution
2208:See also:
2153:See also:
2106:Mariology
2096:Matrimony
2069:Eucharist
1990:Ecumenism
1918:Salvation
1854:Catechism
1849:Tradition
1811:Communism
1659:Chalcedon
1397:Pius XIII
1392:Michael I
1352:Peter III
1330:Palmarian
1178:Theodoric
1133:John VIII
1097:Dioscorus
1071:Ursicinus
1061:Heraclius
1032:Antipopes
783:cite book
211:Benevento
164:Victor IV
85:Successor
79:Adrian IV
45:Victor IV
4662:HIV/AIDS
4156:Crusades
3910:Irenaeus
3903:Ignatius
3898:Polycarp
3748:Ministry
3736:(30–100)
3610:Timeline
3531:Category
3424:Opus Dei
3409:Scouting
3399:Focolare
3266:Servites
3251:Piarists
3196:Crosiers
2932:Anglican
2868:Armenian
2798:Romanian
2788:Maronite
2763:Georgian
2753:Eritrean
2738:Chaldean
2723:Armenian
2718:Albanian
2599:Superior
2558:Emeritus
2538:Diocesan
2391:Advisers
2350:Holy See
2276:Prophets
2234:Politics
2005:Catholic
1985:Councils
1840:Theology
1719:Crusades
1654:Nicaea I
1585:Apostles
1563:Ministry
1532:Timeline
1512:Glossary
1424:Category
1342:Peter II
1183:Adalbert
1153:John XVI
1102:Theodore
1076:Eulalius
1066:Felix II
1056:Novatian
1046:Natalius
903:(1970).
835:(1851).
690:, p. 382
545:53276621
481:See also
414:Scotland
345:anathema
258:Election
183:antipope
168:Octavian
41:Antipope
4825:Portals
4627:Judaism
4027:Vulgate
3837:Gospels
3812:Stephen
3729:Origins
3649:Vulgate
3585:General
3575:of the
3573:History
3496:Schools
3452:Caritas
3360:Secular
3326:Workers
3221:Jesuits
3007:Museums
3002:Library
2980:Writers
2975:Artists
2955:Culture
2922:Paul VI
2803:Russian
2793:Melkite
2635:Brother
2613:General
2553:Titular
2523:Primate
2501:Eparchy
2491:Diocese
2438:Outline
2377:College
2367:Francis
2311:Virgins
2286:Martyrs
2212:Science
2119:History
2074:Penance
2059:Baptism
1960:Worship
1933:Vulgate
1881:Kingdom
1876:Trinity
1864:General
1619:Primacy
1527:History
1507:Outline
1313:Felix V
1254:Avignon
1107:Paschal
750:Sources
418:Hungary
402:Castile
398:England
51:Elected
4593:Nazism
4415:to the
4022:Jerome
3932:Origen
3615:Papacy
3374:Fimcap
3316:Marian
3236:Minims
2968:Marian
2818:Syriac
2813:Slovak
2743:Coptic
2679:Oblate
2674:Master
2669:Novice
2664:Hermit
2652:Sister
2608:Abbess
2575:Deacon
2570:Priest
2565:Parish
2508:Bishop
2478:Polity
2264:Joseph
2246:Saints
1913:Saints
1801:Nazism
1117:Philip
948:
929:
911:
771:
686:
543:
422:Sicily
410:Norway
406:Sweden
394:France
381:Poland
334:Synods
328:France
266:, the
166:(born
4695:Islam
3963:Roman
3922:Canon
3795:Peter
3743:Jesus
3472:CIDSE
3321:Youth
3045:Media
3012:Music
2937:Zaire
2917:Roman
2907:Braga
2897:Latin
2768:Greek
2640:Friar
2604:Abbot
2518:Major
2433:Index
2332:Laity
1898:Dogma
1845:Bible
1821:Islam
1777:Trent
1558:Jesus
1540:Legal
1502:Index
455:Lucca
445:Death
371:King
340:Pavia
233:as a
149:Lucca
4745:2023
4740:2019
4735:2016
4730:2013
4725:2011
4720:2008
4715:2005
4710:2002
4705:2000
4672:1995
3842:Acts
3805:Paul
3800:John
3775:Mary
2997:Folk
2645:Monk
2386:List
2364:Pope
2259:Mary
1287:Pisa
946:ISBN
927:ISBN
909:ISBN
789:link
769:ISBN
684:ISBN
541:OCLC
461:and
143:Died
132:1095
125:Born
3731:and
3681:Art
3311:Lay
2963:Art
2657:Nun
2379:of
1871:God
217:of
170:or
4875::
3116:,
2606:,
944:.
864:.
839:.
785:}}
781:{{
585:^
553:^
535:.
531:.
527:.
516:^
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416:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
400:,
396:,
330:.
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1024:e
1017:t
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954:.
917:.
791:)
777:.
547:.
34:.
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