72:
44:
640:
625:
399:
Corrective heart surgery, which is normally performed in the first year of life, is the definitive intervention for an aortopulmonary window. If the patient's symptoms don't allow for corrective surgery, medical therapy of
207:, accounting for 0.15-0.6% of all congenital heart malformations. An aortopulmonary window can develop alone or in up to 50% of cases alongside other cardiac defects such as
707:
1060:
555:
Demir, Ibrahim Halil; Erdem, Abdullah; Saritas, Turkay; Demir, Fadli; Erol, Nurdan; Yucel, Ilker Kemal; Aydemir, Numan Ali; Celebi, Ahmet (July 1, 2013).
758:
488:
763:
289:
may continue to be elevated in the initial weeks or months of life, and there is a modest amount of pulmonary overcirculation. A rather faint
700:
418:
836:
795:
753:
1091:
693:
404:
is the second choice. Permanent alterations in the pulmonary vasculature can be prevented with early intervention.
1013:
1018:
908:
828:
216:
903:
770:
741:
348:
733:
266:
Findings among individuals with an isolated aortopulmonary window vary based on the size of the defect and the
746:
810:
800:
380:
297:
decreases throughout the first few months, the left-to-right shunting of blood into the lungs increases, and the
149:
335:
Untreated cases with major malformations have a poor prognosis, with 40% dying within their first year of life.
930:
898:
401:
384:
322:
212:
153:
293:
without a diastolic element and a loud single second heart sound develop due to mild overcirculation. As the
1055:
925:
716:
208:
204:
101:
878:
857:
279:
140:
1065:
968:
958:
360:
298:
290:
301:
becomes more intense and longer, eventually extending into diastole and becoming a continuous murmur.
985:
963:
935:
864:
787:
329:
110:
17:
818:
724:
644:
344:
294:
286:
267:
220:
200:
89:
71:
1086:
376:
145:
80:
920:
673:
578:
523:
271:
256:
252:
126:
60:
1050:
1045:
586:
568:
364:
356:
314:
196:
65:
52:
1040:
980:
915:
893:
251:
and indications of laborious breathing can be caused by low lung compliance and increased
591:
556:
388:
347:, and imaging are used to diagnose aortopulmonary window. An electrocardiogram reveals
649:
43:
1080:
1008:
852:
413:
236:
232:
1030:
975:
953:
352:
318:
275:
244:
106:
439:
573:
1023:
668:
519:
93:
1035:
634:
582:
317:
throughout systole and diastole, a small aortopulmonary defect may produce a
550:
548:
546:
544:
270:. Cardiac examination typically indicates a parasternal lift resulting from
260:
240:
169:
85:
685:
527:
557:"Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes of Patients with Aortopulmonary Window"
248:
617:
629:
375:
The appearance of aortopulmonary window has similarities to that of
310:
192:
689:
421:, develops when native pulmonary circulation is underdeveloped
132:
174:
40% chance of death within the first year if left untreated.
518:
Umapathi, Krishna
Kishore; Nguyen, Hoang (August 8, 2023).
440:"Aortopulmonary window: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
16:
For the "aortopulmonary window" in medical imaging, see
332: will develop with reversal of the shunt.
607:
1000:
946:
886:
877:
845:
827:
809:
786:
732:
723:
659:
611:
391:can detect and distinguish between these problems.
178:
168:
160:
139:
125:
117:
100:
79:
59:
33:
28:
182:0.15-0.6% of all congenital heart malformations.
309:Because there is a pressure gradient from the
701:
203:. The aortopulmonary window is the rarest of
8:
1061:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery
513:
511:
509:
883:
729:
708:
694:
686:
608:
70:
42:
25:
590:
572:
489:"Aortopulmonary Window — Pediatrics"
482:
480:
328:When a large defect is left unrepaired,
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
431:
419:Major aortopulmonary collateral artery
7:
567:(2). AVES Publishing Co.: 191–196.
282:, and increased peripheral pulses.
217:transposition of great vessels
191:is a faulty connection between the
796:Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
754:Transposition of the great vessels
493:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
363:marking are all visible on a
14:
487:Beerman, Lee B. (April 4, 2023).
55:showing an Aortopulmonary window.
285:When the defect is larger,
343:Physical examination findings,
274:overload, a loud single second
131:Physical examination findings,
829:Atrioventricular septal defect
351:or biventricular hypertrophy.
291:basal systolic ejection murmur
199:that results in a significant
1:
771:Persistent truncus arteriosus
742:Double outlet right ventricle
349:right ventricular hypertrophy
295:pulmonary vascular resistance
287:pulmonary vascular resistance
268:pulmonary vascular resistance
734:Aortopulmonary septal defect
574:10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.6995
37:Aortopulmonary septal defect
189:Aortopulmonary window (APW)
1108:
15:
811:Ventricular septal defect
522:. StatPearls Publishing.
381:ventricular septal defect
150:ventricular septal defect
50:
41:
1092:Congenital heart defects
717:Congenital heart defects
402:congestive heart failure
385:patent ductus arteriosus
323:patent ductus arteriosus
239:, with symptoms such as
213:coarctation of the aorta
154:patent ductus arteriosus
1056:Coronary artery anomaly
520:"Aortopulmonary Window"
209:interrupted aortic arch
879:Valvular heart disease
858:Cyanotic heart disease
801:Lutembacher's syndrome
561:Balkan Medical Journal
371:Differential diagnosis
359:segment, and enhanced
280:pulmonary hypertension
141:Differential diagnosis
1066:Ventricular inversion
778:Aortopulmonary window
747:Taussig–Bing syndrome
259:as well as recurrent
29:Aortopulmonary window
865:Eisenmenger syndrome
788:Atrial septal defect
387:. A two-dimensional
330:Eisenmenger syndrome
113:, and heart failure.
111:eisenmenger syndrome
18:Aortopulmonary space
819:Tetralogy of Fallot
725:Heart septal defect
255:. Infants may have
243:, poor eating, and
233:left-to-right shunt
221:tetralogy of Fallot
201:left-to-right shunt
90:left-to-right shunt
660:External resources
377:truncus arteriosus
361:pulmonary vascular
227:Signs and symptoms
146:Truncus arteriosus
1074:
1073:
996:
995:
936:Ebstein's anomaly
873:
872:
683:
682:
272:right ventricular
257:failure to thrive
253:airway resistance
186:
185:
127:Diagnostic method
23:Medical condition
1099:
1051:Brugada syndrome
1046:Crisscross heart
916:tricuspid valves
894:pulmonary valves
884:
730:
710:
703:
696:
687:
609:
597:
596:
594:
576:
552:
539:
538:
536:
534:
515:
504:
503:
501:
499:
484:
455:
454:
452:
450:
436:
357:pulmonary artery
315:pulmonary artery
197:pulmonary artery
75:
74:
66:Medical genetics
46:
26:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1041:Cor triatriatum
1007:Underdeveloped
992:
942:
869:
841:
823:
805:
782:
719:
714:
684:
679:
678:
655:
654:
620:
606:
601:
600:
554:
553:
542:
532:
530:
517:
516:
507:
497:
495:
486:
485:
458:
448:
446:
444:medlineplus.gov
438:
437:
433:
428:
410:
397:
373:
341:
307:
299:systolic murmur
229:
88:, poor eating,
69:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1009:heart chambers
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
991:
990:
989:
988:
983:
973:
972:
971:
966:
961:
950:
948:
944:
943:
941:
940:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
913:
912:
911:
906:
901:
890:
888:
881:
875:
874:
871:
870:
868:
867:
862:
861:
860:
849:
847:
843:
842:
840:
839:
833:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
815:
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
792:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
774:
773:
768:
767:
766:
761:
751:
750:
749:
738:
736:
727:
721:
720:
715:
713:
712:
705:
698:
690:
681:
680:
677:
676:
664:
663:
661:
657:
656:
653:
652:
637:
621:
616:
615:
613:
612:Classification
605:
604:External links
602:
599:
598:
540:
505:
456:
430:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
416:
409:
406:
396:
393:
389:echocardiogram
372:
369:
340:
337:
306:
303:
228:
225:
205:septal defects
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
166:
165:
164:Heart surgery.
162:
158:
157:
143:
137:
136:
135:, and imaging.
129:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
104:
98:
97:
83:
77:
76:
63:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1104:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
987:
986:regurgitation
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
976:mitral valves
974:
970:
967:
965:
964:insufficiency
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
954:aortic valves
952:
951:
949:
945:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:regurgitation
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
914:
910:
907:
905:
904:insufficiency
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
891:
889:
885:
882:
880:
876:
866:
863:
859:
856:
855:
854:
853:Cardiac shunt
851:
850:
848:
844:
838:
837:Ostium primum
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
820:
817:
816:
814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
775:
772:
769:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
755:
752:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
739:
737:
735:
731:
728:
726:
722:
718:
711:
706:
704:
699:
697:
692:
691:
688:
675:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
658:
651:
647:
646:
642:
638:
636:
632:
631:
627:
623:
622:
619:
614:
610:
603:
593:
588:
584:
580:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
551:
549:
547:
545:
541:
529:
525:
521:
514:
512:
510:
506:
494:
490:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
457:
445:
441:
435:
432:
425:
420:
417:
415:
414:Aortic window
412:
411:
407:
405:
403:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
355:, a big main
354:
350:
346:
338:
336:
333:
331:
326:
324:
321:similar to a
320:
316:
312:
305:Complications
304:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:heart failure
234:
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:and the main
194:
190:
181:
177:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:Heart murmurs
105:
103:
102:Complications
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
82:
78:
73:
67:
64:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
1031:Dextrocardia
846:Consequences
777:
667:
639:
624:
564:
560:
531:. Retrieved
496:. Retrieved
492:
447:. Retrieved
443:
434:
398:
383:, and large
374:
353:Cardiomegaly
342:
334:
327:
308:
284:
265:
230:
188:
187:
1024:Uhl anomaly
669:MedlinePlus
365:chest x-ray
278:induced by
276:heart sound
245:diaphoresis
118:Usual onset
94:diaphoresis
53:chest X-ray
34:Other names
1081:Categories
1036:Levocardia
533:October 4,
498:October 4,
426:References
235:can cause
1087:Radiology
583:2146-3123
395:Treatment
339:Diagnosis
261:pneumonia
241:tachypnea
179:Frequency
170:Prognosis
161:Treatment
86:Tachypnea
61:Specialty
981:stenosis
969:bicuspid
959:stenosis
931:stenosis
899:stenosis
528:32809451
408:See also
81:Symptoms
921:atresia
909:absence
592:4115960
313:to the
249:Dyspnea
211:,
759:dextro
674:007319
589:
581:
526:
449:27 May
319:murmur
219:, and
152:, and
92:, and
68:
1014:right
1001:Other
887:Right
650:745.0
635:Q21.4
311:aorta
193:aorta
121:Birth
1019:left
947:Left
764:levo
645:9-CM
579:ISSN
535:2023
524:PMID
500:2023
451:2019
641:ICD
626:ICD
587:PMC
569:doi
345:ECG
133:ECG
1083::
672::
648::
633::
630:10
585:.
577:.
565:30
563:.
559:.
543:^
508:^
491:.
459:^
442:.
379:,
367:.
325:.
263:.
247:.
231:A
223:.
215:,
148:,
109:,
51:A
709:e
702:t
695:v
643:-
628:-
618:D
595:.
571::
537:.
502:.
453:.
156:.
96:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
