421:
236:. From 1855 Apcar & Co. started to convert their fleet to steam. The Apcar Line was providing regular service to Singapore from 1856. The Apcar clippers dominated the opium trade until the 1870s, carrying their cargoes from Bombay or Calcutta, with a stop in Singapore, on to Hong Kong or the Canton River. 43 voyages of opium ships to China were listed in 1865, of which 17 were Apcar ships. The Apcars and Jardine Skinner exported opium to Singapore for use by the Chinese in the
338:
216:
sailing boats catered to many smaller local dealers. With slower boats, they charged much lower rates than
Jardine Skinner, ranging from Rs8 to Rs10 per chest compared to upward of Rs28 per chest charged by Jardine Skinner. However, the Apcars may have had private arrangements with the dealers that
306:(1850-1913), grandson of Arratoon Apcar, became head of the family firm after the death of his three elder brothers, Apcar, Seth and Thomas. He continued the family trading business, living at their home in Russell Street, where he entertained many people. He was vice-president of the
188:. After his patron died, he continued in this trade in his own right. His brother Gregory Apcar came to India in 1808 and joined Arratoon in Bombay. The trading company of Apcar & Co. was founded in 1819 by Arratoon Apcar.
420:
405:, a screw-driven steam ship, made the journey from Hong Kong to Singapore in just five days. A great cyclone hit Calcutta on 4 October 1864. It caused great damage to the shipping in the harbor. Apcar & Co.'s
196:
Arratoon Apcar moved his company to
Calcutta around the end of 1830. In Calcutta the company moved into shipping, carrying both passengers and freight. The most profitable cargo was
275:
were still the agents in Hong Kong of the Apcar Line. They maintained this agency after the purchase of the Apcar Line by the
British India Steam Navigation Company.
884:
1387:
1397:
463:. Cabin passengers were accommodated in the poop. The ship carried Indian and Chinese laborers to Singapore and Penang as deck passengers. In July 1893 the
1029:
315:
208:
and the Apcar Line. Even then, P&O had limited shipping capacity. While
Jardines carried opium for the larger suppliers, the Apcars with their
498:
in 1906. Until well into the 20th century the ships had to be prepared for attack by
Chinese pirates, and were armed and sandbagged for defense.
302:
Gregory Apcar worked for Apcar & Co. until his death on 23 June 1847 at the age of 52. Arratoon Apcar died on 16 May 1863 at the age of 85.
1392:
487:
326:
147:
89:
1310:
1283:
1237:
1210:
1164:
1131:
1104:
1059:
1013:
986:
959:
369:, which was named after the wife of Arratoon Apcar. In 1846 Apcar and Company had three of the eleven tugs operating at Calcutta, one of 120
417:
was an iron-hulled steamship with a 1,480 ton displacement built in
Renfrew, Scotland, 1861. She was sold in 1872 to H.F. Swan Company.
295:
Colliery was opened by Apcar & Company around 1846. In 1865 Apcar was working a seam of coal 13 feet (4.0 m) deep near
895:
311:
272:
205:
490:
in 1912 when they purchased the Apcar Line, retaining her name. Eventually she was demolished in 1932. The 4,563-ton
307:
271:, with both ships suffering considerable damage. Both vessels were held to have been at fault. In 1901 the firm of
220:
The Apcar Line's fleet became well-respected, efficiently carrying both cargo and
Chinese coolies, mostly between
433:
1033:
1180:
299:. They had another mine at Sitarampur, a seam said to be 12 feet (3.7 m) deep and excellent in quality.
928:
130:
that engaged in shipping, import and export. The most profitable trade was in opium, shipped from India to
1345:
1326:
1253:
932:
303:
1123:
Flagships of
Imperialism: The P & O Company and the Politics of Empire from Its Origins to 1867
249:
135:
1094:
314:
from 1900 to 1909, in the Bengal
Legislative Council and in the Port Trust. In 1903 he was made a
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1076:
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291:, Persia. The school was entirely funded by Apcar & Co. The Apcars also owned collieries.
268:
245:
1227:
1200:
976:
252:(1853-1940) served on Apcar & Co. opium steamers trading between Hong Kong and Calcutta.
1003:
913:
310:
in 1903, and its president from 1904 to 1907. He represented the
Chamber of Commerce in the
201:
1360:
1275:
Armenians in India, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: A Work of Original Research
237:
1229:
Maritime Enterprise and Empire: Sir William Mackinnon and His Business Network, 1823-93
1149:
241:
180:
when he was sixteen and found employment with an Armenian merchant there, trading with
139:
63:
1381:
159:
349:, a 275-ton brig, began making regular voyages in the mid-1840s between Calcutta,
176:, Persia. He was the second son of Apcar, the ancestor of the family. He came to
325:
On 27 February 1912 Apcar & Co, ships, workshops and mines, were sold to the
283:
In 1843 Arratoon Apcar founded the Armenian Patriotic School in his home town of
1151:
Partner in Empire: Dwarkanath Tagore and the Age of Enterprise in Eastern India
255:
In the 1880s the Apcar Line was sailing monthly from Calcutta to Hong Kong via
292:
1096:
China, East Asia and the Global Economy: Regional and Historical Perspectives
361:, taking about two months each way. After a few years the company added the
354:
296:
284:
225:
221:
169:
143:
131:
978:
Engines of Empire: Steamshipping and State Formation in Colonial Indonesia
204:
began shipping opium from Calcutta in 1851, the trade was divided between
17:
100:
459:
was built. In 1891 the Apcar Line acquired the new 3,250-ton steam ship
479:
288:
173:
165:
138:. The Apcar Line also carried Indian and Chinese laborers for work in
377:
hp. The first steam clippers added to the fleet were the 315-ton (673
350:
256:
185:
177:
867:
419:
358:
336:
319:
233:
197:
181:
127:
318:(C.S.I.), and later that year was knighted at a Royal Durbar in
229:
1030:"Diana A. Apcar (1869-1937): The First Armenian Woman Diplomat"
951:
Ottoman Refugees, 1878-1939: Migration in a Post-Imperial World
795:
1359:
Zwillenberg, H.J. (1981). "Clare, Chapman James (1853–1940)".
807:
482:
and launched in 1895, was purchased by the Apcars and renamed
409:
was driven onto the Strand at the foot of Hastings Street.
605:
603:
601:
248:
by protectionist measures. Between 1875 and 1880 Captain
916:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
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684:
620:
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111:
95:
84:
69:
59:
43:
35:
1148:
1202:Recollections of Calcutta for over half a century
771:
759:
855:
455:was commissioned in 1872. In 1873 the 2153-ton
443:was built in 1865, and soon after the 1476-ton
244:. Eventually the Apcars were forced out of the
1032:. Armenian Cultural Foundation. Archived from
540:
8:
975:Campo, Joseph Norbert Frans Marie à (2002).
259:and Singapore. On 22 May 1888 the steamship
30:
1051:Society: A Documentary History of Hong Kong
747:
672:
316:Companion of the Order of the Star of India
1155:. University of California Press. p.
240:or for distribution to other locations in
29:
1078:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
1002:Chakrabarti, Prabhas Kumar (1989-01-01).
708:
609:
592:
868:Arratoon Apcar (1896): P&O Heritage
506:
467:was retired, replaced by the 2,715-ton
217:locked them into using Apcar services.
843:
831:
580:
494:joined the fleet in 1902, and the new
488:British-India Steam Navigation Company
327:British-India Steam Navigation Company
148:British India Steam Navigation Company
90:British-India Steam Navigation Company
819:
720:
660:
648:
636:
624:
393:. These were followed by the 938-ton
232:, but also making regular voyages to
7:
1388:1819 establishments in British India
783:
735:
555:
528:
513:
1398:Defunct shipping companies of India
796:Late Sir A. A. Apcar: Straits Times
486:in 1899. She was taken over by the
1362:Australian Dictionary of Biography
934:B.I. Centenary - 1856 : 1956)
808:Obituary Sir A.A. Apcar: The Times
25:
1302:History of the Armenians in India
1093:Hamashita, Takeshi (2013-05-13).
478:passenger/cargo liner, built in
1299:Seth, Mesrovb J. (2004-01-01).
1126:. Manchester University Press.
894:. November 2008. Archived from
117:India, Southeast Asia, Far Easy
1346:"Some notes on the Apcar Line"
1278:. Asian Educational Services.
1205:. NuVision Publications, LLC.
1120:Harcourt, Freda (2006-09-05).
1054:. Hong Kong University Press.
126:was a firm founded in 1819 in
1:
1393:Companies established in 1819
1344:Wright, Nadia (2 July 2002).
401:in 1858. In 1861 the 204-ton
312:Viceregal Legislative Council
273:David Sassoon, Sons & Co.
164:Arratoon Apcar was an ethnic
1272:Seth, Mesrovb Jacob (1937).
1005:Coal Industry in West Bengal
263:collided with the steamship
1081:. Governor-General of India
1048:Faure, David (1997-09-01).
341:S.S. Catherine Apcar (1893)
146:. The line was sold to the
1414:
1075:Geological Survey (1865).
308:Bengal Chamber of Commerce
157:
73:January 27, 1912
1254:"Obituary Sir A.A. Apcar"
1226:Munro, J. Forbes (2003).
1199:Massey, Montague (1918).
948:Blumi, Isa (2013-09-12).
434:Thomas Goldsworthy Dutton
1333:, Wildy & Sons, 1890
1147:Kling, Blair B. (1976).
1099:. Taylor & Francis.
1008:. Northern Book Centre.
439:The 1019-ton steam ship
385:in 1855 and 593-ton (947
981:. Uitgeverij Verloren.
885:"Arratoon Apcar (1896)"
697:The Arratoon Apcar 1890
685:The Arratoon Apcar 1890
1181:"Late Sir A. A. Apcar"
772:Geological Survey 1865
760:Geological Survey 1865
436:
342:
1305:. Gorgias Press LLC.
423:
340:
304:Apcar Alexander Apcar
1327:"The Arratoon Apcar"
1331:The Weekly Reporter
856:Arratoon Apcar: NPS
424:Passenger Steamers
250:Chapman James Clare
47:Bombay, India (1819
32:
27:Indian trading firm
1365:. Vol. 8. MUP
1187:: 9. 30 April 1913
437:
343:
1312:978-1-59333-049-1
1285:978-81-206-0812-2
1239:978-0-85115-935-5
1232:. Boydell Press.
1212:978-1-61536-102-1
1185:The Straits Times
1166:978-0-520-02927-9
1133:978-1-84779-145-0
1106:978-1-134-04028-5
1061:978-962-209-393-5
1015:978-81-85119-61-8
988:978-90-6550-738-9
961:978-1-4725-1538-4
954:. A&C Black.
414:SS Arratoon Apcar
373:hp and two of 150
269:Strait of Malacca
246:Dutch East Indies
124:Apcar and Company
121:
120:
88:Purchased by the
31:Apcar and Company
16:(Redirected from
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541:Diana A. Apcar..
538:
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451:were added. The
388:
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365:and the 400-ton
329:for Rs 800,000.
279:Family interests
206:Jardine, Skinner
168:born in 1779 at
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33:
21:
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469:Catherine Apcar
441:Catherine Apcar
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367:Catherine Apcar
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238:Malay Peninsula
214:Catherine Apcar
194:
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50:
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28:
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22:
15:
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873:
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848:
836:
824:
822:, p. 129.
812:
800:
788:
786:, p. 127.
776:
774:, p. 111.
764:
762:, p. 104.
752:
740:
738:, p. 529.
725:
723:, p. 125.
713:
711:, p. 194.
709:Hamashita 2013
701:
699:, p. 482.
689:
687:, p. 481.
677:
665:
663:, p. 107.
653:
641:
629:
614:
612:, p. 104.
597:
595:, p. 103.
585:
560:
558:, p. 301.
545:
533:
531:, p. 530.
518:
516:, p. 126.
505:
503:
500:
484:Arratoon Apcar
457:Arratoon Apcar
395:Arratoon Apcar
347:Arratoon Apcar
334:
331:
280:
277:
261:Arratoon Apcar
242:southeast Asia
210:Arratoon Apcar
193:
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158:Main article:
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1036:on 2013-11-01
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901:on 2013-11-05
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846:, p. 34.
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650:
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611:
610:Harcourt 2006
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593:Harcourt 2006
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492:Gregory Apcar
489:
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481:
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472:
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447:and 1471-ton
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19:
1367:. Retrieved
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1335:, retrieved
1330:
1316:. Retrieved
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1257:
1243:. Retrieved
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1184:
1170:. Retrieved
1150:
1137:. Retrieved
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1019:. Retrieved
1004:
992:. Retrieved
977:
965:. Retrieved
950:
938:. Retrieved
933:
918:. Retrieved
903:. Retrieved
896:the original
891:
863:
851:
839:
827:
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
750:, p. 3.
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163:
160:Apcar family
123:
122:
96:Headquarters
844:Massey 1918
832:Massey 1918
581:Wright 2002
136:Pearl River
113:Area served
1382:Categories
1369:2013-11-05
1351:2013-11-05
1337:2013-11-04
1318:2013-11-04
1291:2013-11-05
1264:2013-11-03
1245:2013-11-05
1218:2013-11-05
1191:2013-11-03
1172:2013-11-05
1139:2013-11-05
1112:2013-11-05
1085:2013-11-05
1067:2013-11-05
1040:2014-11-05
1021:2013-11-05
994:2013-11-05
967:2013-11-05
940:2013-11-05
920:2013-11-04
905:2013-11-04
820:Kling 1976
721:Faure 1997
661:Blumi 2013
649:Munro 2003
637:Campo 2002
625:Blake 1956
293:Sitarampur
77:1912-01-27
18:Apcar Line
1258:The Times
784:Seth 2004
736:Seth 1937
556:Seth 1937
529:Seth 1937
514:Seth 1937
502:Citations
461:Lightning
445:Hindustan
426:Hindostan
383:Lightning
355:Singapore
297:Charanpur
285:New Julfa
226:Hong Kong
222:Singapore
170:New Julfa
150:in 1912.
144:Singapore
132:Hong Kong
931:(1956).
397:and the
200:. Until
166:Armenian
134:and the
101:Calcutta
39:Shipping
36:Industry
877:Sources
480:Belfast
407:Thunder
403:Thunder
399:Armenia
391:Thunder
289:Isfahan
267:in the
202:P&O
174:Isfahan
154:Origins
75: (
70:Defunct
60:Founder
49: (
44:Founded
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363:Ararat
351:Penang
257:Penang
192:Growth
186:Manila
178:Bombay
140:Malaya
899:(PDF)
888:(PDF)
496:Japan
476:Hyson
465:Japan
453:Japan
449:China
432:, by
430:China
389:grt)
381:grt)
359:China
333:Fleet
320:Delhi
234:Japan
198:opium
182:China
128:India
106:India
1307:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1010:ISBN
983:ISBN
956:ISBN
474:The
428:and
357:and
345:The
265:Hebe
230:Amoy
228:and
212:and
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287:in
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