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that stories of Apache's alleged treatment of US prisoners of war are a distortion of the historical record, serving to dehumanise the
Vietnamese for atrocities for which no evidence exists. He concludes by stating that characters such as Apache are "more likely found in the comic books than history books".
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Jerry
Lembcke views the story as a legend. He points out that, although women served in various capacities in the North Vietnamese military and the Viet Cong, there is very little evidence of women in front line combat roles during the Vietnam war, much less in positions of command. He also states
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Ugo
Fracassa considers Henderson's recounting of Hathcock's narrative to be sexualised, given its focus on Apache's physical appearance which he views as displaying an attraction combined with repulsion. He also considers the narrative to contain aspects of voyeurism, in view of its description of
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of women spitting on returning
Vietnam vets. He expands on this by suggesting that US popular culture's focus on female Vietnamese fighters forms part of a feminisation of the Vietnamese enemy and that this has become a key component in popular media and the American collective memory of Vietnam.
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Sociologist and anti-war advocate Jerry
Lembcke has cast doubt on the existence of Apache and the veracity of the narratives about her, considering the story to be a legend which is designed to dehumanise Vietnamese women. Ugo Fracassa notes that Hathcock's narrative description of his killing of
179:, Apache is described as torturing captured US soldiers within earshot of their comrades. However, academics studying the Vietnam war consider these accounts to be untrue. Hathcock's narrative suggests he shot Apache from a distance, working with Jim Land as a spotter.
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On Hill 55 near Duc Pho, Marines had been dying at the hands of a female Viet Cong sniper and interrogator nicknamed Apache. One day she had captured a young Marine during an ambush. Within hearing range of the hilltop camp defenders, she tortured him through the
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Hathcock and another US Marine spying on her while she urinated. He views
Hathcock's account of Apache's cruelty, involving sexualised violence against men, to be an inverted representation of the reality of American rapes and sexual violence against local women.
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According to
Lembcke, Apache is a fantasy springing from the psychology of defeat, in which an emasculating woman warrior symbolises the blow to male pride, sexual prowess and status associated with military failure.
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Lembcke also draws attention to the parallel between
Henderson's lurid description of Apache's torture of an American marine, in which she spits betel juice in his face, and the
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Emre Sahin, Kelly McPherson, Leon Farmer, Scott Levy and Chad
Mathews (3 June 2011). "Stalking the Apache".
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Marine Sniper Carlos
Hathcock: In His Own Words & Bonus Program 'Advanced Snipercraft
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According to Hathcock, he killed her in 1966, when serving as part of a Marine Corps
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Hathcock's account of an encounter with Apache was the basis for an episode of
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in 1984 and 1985, Hathcock stated that Apache led a platoon of snipers near
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near the middle of present-day Vietnam, and had tortured Marines.
359:"Etica ed estetica del cecchino nella narrativa di Nicolai Lilin"
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Apache contains voyeuristic sexual undertones, and links this to
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In dramatised versions of Hathcock's life story, published by
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troops for information and then letting them bleed to death.
297:"Disease finds sniper Viet Cong didn't A soldier's story"
331:. University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 103–118.
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North Vietnamese military personnel of the Vietnam War
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267:Harnden, Toby (24 October 2002).
244:Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills
109:According to the American sniper
411:"Lady Gaga, guns and McChrystal"
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160:In an interview conducted by
398:(VHS). Virginia: Loti Group.
609:Fictional Vietnamese people
463:video by Major John Plaster
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574:Torture in the Vietnam War
442:Sniper: Deadliest Missions
214:Sniper: Deadliest Missions
121:and interrogator for the
589:Women in the Vietnam War
409:Lembcke, Jerry (2010).
327:Lembcke, Jerry (2010).
246:. Penguin. p. 94.
183:Historical perspectives
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444:. The History Channel.
394:(September 26, 1994).
357:Fracassa, Ugo (2015).
295:Nawrozki, Joe (1992).
49:(per Carlos Hathcock)
421:on February 23, 2013
461:The Ultimate Sniper
212:documentary series
210:The History Channel
240:Henderson, Charles
204:In popular culture
168:, just outside of
156:Hathcock's account
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299:. Baltimore Sun.
269:"A sniper's life"
253:978-0-425-18165-2
219:Full Metal Jacket
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271:. Telegraph
142:sniper team
125:during the
94:Vietnam War
29:Nickname(s)
548:Categories
226:References
131:US Marines
54:Allegiance
594:Viet Cong
584:Torturers
275:17 August
123:Viet Cong
84:Viet Cong
242:(2001).
71:Service/
32:'Apache'
569:Snipers
504:snipers
467:YouTube
170:Da Nang
166:Hill 55
100:†
43:Hill 55
425:3 June
372:1 June
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302:night.
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119:sniper
115:Apache
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23:Apache
362:(PDF)
427:2022
374:2022
333:ISBN
277:2011
248:ISBN
135:ARVN
133:and
37:Died
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