1387:
the summit. Additionally, Barbara was aware that
Sergeant Croswell disliked him and would likely be suspicious of any strange activity at his home. (Magaddino was later recorded blaming Barbara for this fiasco, despite it having been Magaddino's decision to host the event there). Finally, police and federal agents had only the suspicion of illegal activity occurring at the summit; they did not have sufficient cause to obtain search warrants for the house itself. In fact, most of the crime bosses who were detained were those that attempted to flee the scene, while those who remained inside the house (such as Magaddino) remained free.
390:
had
Barbara's house under occasional surveillance. He had become aware that Barbara's son was reserving rooms in local hotels along with the delivery of a large quantity of meat from a local butcher to the Barbara home. That made Croswell suspicious, and he therefore decided to keep an eye on Barbara's house. When the state police found many luxury cars parked at Barbara's home they began taking down license plate numbers. Having found that many of these cars were registered to known criminals, state police reinforcements came to the scene and began to set up a roadblock.
1383:
many high-ranking members of the local families, to a federal government that still vehemently denied it. Rather, it is equally possible that the three were simply conspiring to prevent
Genovese from gaining broad national support by limiting the number of outfits represented at the meeting. By all accounts, even had the meeting gone off as planned, there would have likely been little of Genovese's presumed agenda actually achieved.
4437:
223:, Anastasia's underboss, to remove Anastasia. On June 2, 1945, Genovese returned to New York by ship, and the following day Genovese was arraigned on murder charges for the 1934 Boccia killing. He pleaded not guilty, and was released from custody in 1946. On June 10, 1946, another prosecution witness, Jerry Esposito, was found shot to death beside a road in
1444:), remembers his father and best friend Dominic fleeing the State Troopers and "commandeering" a farmer's tractor to escape back to Manhattan; in the present time, the New York families are calling a second summit meeting, to deal with alarming new developments, including the FBI's surprising success at turning
1334:
Costello, and Meyer Lansky. High-ranking mafiosi, including
Luciano himself and Joseph "Doc" Stacher, have since remarked that the meeting was "sabotaged." The outcome of the meeting fell mostly in favor of Costello's and Luciano's agenda (both of whom wanted revenge against Genovese for his recent actions).
1358:
presence. Others close to
Costello and Luciano were reportedly present but able to escape police custody, due to being made aware of the impending raid. Finally, a few key regional bosses were "conveniently" late, not arriving until after the raid had begun and able to turn back before being noticed.
1269:
had denied the existence of a "National Crime
Syndicate" and the need to address organized crime in America. After the Apalachin Summit, Hoover could no longer deny the syndicate's existence and its influence on the North American underworld, as well as Cosa Nostra's overall control and influence of
1316:
Barbara found himself investigated by law enforcement and indicted for not testifying to a grand jury what transpired at his home on
November 14, 1957. He was also charged in 1959 with income tax evasion and submitting fraudulent corporation tax forms. Barbara's business interests declined, as he
1296:
Following the raid, arrests and indictments
Genovese and Giancana blamed Buffalo crime boss Magaddino for the trouble surrounding the Cosa Nostra after Apalachin. Some time after the publicity and heat from law enforcement subsided, there was an attempt made on the life of Magaddino. Magaddino lived
397:
native and Joe
Barbara employee, spotted the roadblock while leaving Barbara's estate. Guccia later said he was returning to the Barbara home to check on a fish order. Some attendees attempted to drive away but were stopped by the roadblock. Others trudged through the fields and woods, ruining their
389:
had been stopped by state troopers following a visit to
Barbara's estate the previous year. A check of Galante by the troopers found that he was driving without a license and that he had an extensive criminal record in New York City. In the time preceding the November 1957 meeting, trooper Croswell
234:
to murder Costello, and on May 2, 1957, Gigante shot and wounded Costello outside his apartment building. Although the wound was superficial, it persuaded Costello to relinquish power to Genovese and retire. A doorman identified Gigante as the gunman. However, in 1958, Costello testified that he was
1386:
The intense interest by state police can also be explained by the fact that this was not the first meeting of the Commission at the Apalachin location. That same location had been used the previous year, on a smaller scale. Barbara himself voiced this concern to Magaddino in the weeks leading up to
1382:
level of conspiracy by these three to sabotage Genovese's attempted power grab. But given the very successful, targeted attacks on Genovese that were to follow, there has been no serious explanation why three senior mafiosi would risk revealing the mafia's existence, and the potential capture of so
1292:
assassination took place. Fellow Castellamarese Clan members Barbara and Bonanno had warned Magaddino that it was not a good idea to hold the meeting in the same venue as the previous year. Barbara warned Magaddino that he and a local policeman by the name of Croswell disliked each other very much
129:
Local and state law enforcement became suspicious when numerous expensive cars bearing license plates from around the country arrived in what was described as "the sleepy hamlet of Apalachin." After setting up roadblocks, the police raided the meeting, causing many of the participants to flee into
1341:
drug dealer to falsely implicate Genovese in a drug deal. On July 7, 1958, Genovese was indicted on charges of conspiring to import and sell narcotics. The government's star witness was Nelson Cantellops, a Puerto Rican drug dealer who claimed Genovese met with him. On April 4, 1959, Genovese was
1333:
Subsequent investigation and research into the Apalachin Summit have raised the possibility that the event was a setup, designed to destroy newly crowned boss Genovese. The primary evidence for this theory is the conspicuous absence of three prominent national crime bosses: "Lucky" Luciano, Frank
381:
The New York garment industry interests and rackets, such as loansharking to the business owners and control of garment center trucking, were other important topics on the Apalachin agenda. The outcome of the discussions concerning the garment industry in New York would have a direct and, in some
337:
worried about Anastasia's attempts to muscle in on their Havana casino operations, before the Commission sanctioned his assassination. Cuba was one of the Apalachin topics of discussion, particularly the gambling and narcotics smuggling interests of La Cosa Nostra on the island. The international
1374:
were present (there is some dispute over whether any Jewish mafia members were even invited). Lansky, for his part, claimed to have been ill on the day of the summit. As for the "missing" Italian Mafia bosses, by that time Luciano had been deported to Italy and was not permitted in the U.S., and
187:
to Italy. Luciano accepted the deal, although he still maintained that he was a US citizen and not subject to deportation. On February 10, Luciano's ship sailed from Brooklyn harbor for Italy. This was the last time he saw the U.S. On February 28, after a 17-day voyage, Luciano's ship arrived in
415:
Twenty of those who attended the Apalachin meeting were charged with "Conspiring to obstruct justice by lying about the nature of the underworld meeting" and found guilty in January 1959. All were fined, up to $ 10,000 each, and given prison sentences ranging from three to five years. All the
1357:
Also of note is the absence of any mafia members from Chicago, New Orleans, San Francisco, or Detroit, all places where Costello or Luciano still had significant influence. It is possible that these families were represented and simply not apprehended, but no evidence has been found of their
1361:
However, there has never been conclusive evidence to prove such a theory, and there are alternative explanations for many of the dubious propositions underpinning the events. Meyer Lansky's absence is often cited as being conspicuous, but in fact, Lansky was a member of the
401:
Up to 50 men escaped, but over 60 were apprehended, including Commission members Genovese, Carlo Gambino, Joseph Profaci and Joseph Bonanno. Virtually all of them claimed they had heard Joseph Barbara was feeling ill and that they had visited him to wish him well.
2457:
1526:
4009:
289:
On November 14, 1957, the mafia bosses, their advisers and bodyguards, approximately one hundred men in all, met at Barbara's 53-acre (21 ha) estate in Apalachin, New York. Apalachin is a town located along the south shore of the
382:
cases, indirect effect on the business interests of some of the other bosses around the country, mainly those interests in garment manufacturing, trucking, labor and unions, which brought in large sums for the Families involved.
137:
by lying about the nature of the underworld meeting" and found guilty in January 1959. All were fined, up to $ 10,000 each, and given prison sentences ranging from three to five years. All the convictions were overturned on
2093:
298:. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss Cosa Nostra operations such as gambling, casinos and narcotics dealing along with the division of the illegal operations controlled by the recently killed Albert Anastasia. The
2423:
4328:
2579:
2557:
2483:
2446:
1660:
1574:
1552:
1515:
1792:
238:
In late 1957, Genovese and Gambino allegedly ordered Anastasia's murder. Genovese had heard rumors that Costello was conspiring with Anastasia to regain power. On October 25, 1957, Anastasia arrived at the
2676:
2276:
1719:
1689:
2600:
1752:
1293:
and that Croswell might cause problems if he discovered the meeting, but Magaddino said it was too late to call it off because all the arrangements had been made and the invitees were already en route.
2738:
2204:
2363:
4479:
3334:
243:
barber shop in Midtown, Manhattan, for a haircut and shave. As Anastasia relaxed in the barber chair, two men with their faces covered in scarves shot and killed Anastasia.
4474:
3867:
1637:
114:
from the United States, Italy, and Cuba are thought to have attended this meeting. Immediately after the Anastasia murder that October, and after taking control of the
1784:
2761:
1313:, who were all "made" members of his crime Family. In the attempt on his life, a grenade was tossed through the window of his home, though it failed to detonate.
2624:
2085:
2530:
2504:
2388:
2415:
306:
were topics that needed immediate attention since men in the Anastasia Family were still loyal to the Anastasia/Scalice regime. The powerful caporegimes
142:
the following year. One of the most direct and significant outcomes of the Apalachin meeting was that it helped to confirm the existence of a nationwide
133:
More than 60 underworld bosses were detained and indicted following the raid. Twenty of those who attended the meeting were charged with "conspiring to
2728:
3570:
375:
2706:
2201:
3595:
3565:
3408:
2812:
250:
from Costello, Genovese wanted to legitimize his new power by holding a national Cosa Nostra meeting. The meeting was reportedly originally set for
3992:
2786:
1595:
175:
was sentenced to 30 to 50 years in state prison, along with others. On January 3, 1946, as a presumed reward for his alleged wartime cooperation,
1273:
After the Apalachin Meeting, J. Edgar Hoover created the "Top Hoodlum Program" and went after the syndicate's top bosses throughout the country.
2641:
2355:
1460:) also rants to his subordinate that he won't make the same mistake Vito Genovese did, which was failing to kill Carlo Gambino before Apalachin.
3590:
3232:
3064:
2886:
2838:
2668:
2325:
2298:
2268:
1711:
1681:
3428:
1882:
1744:
3087:
3357:
4469:
3862:
3287:
3273:
3246:
3218:
3204:
3190:
3176:
3151:
2052:
1605:
66:
4384:
1843:
1814:
4484:
4244:
4123:
3877:
3806:
271:
147:
2243:
1629:
3109:
1325:
on June 17, 1959. Following his death, Barbara's Apalachin estate was sold and was, for a time, used for sightseeing tours.
3316:
1487:, in a scene where mob boss Michael Corleone arrives late just as the police are swooping in and escapes by driving past.
4219:
3401:
1907:
1347:
4113:
2621:
3763:
2042:
1395:
The Apalachin meeting is mentioned or depicted in several popular novels, films, and television series, including:
4464:
4214:
3885:
3641:
3625:
1492:
1401:
1038:
842:
4333:
4264:
4209:
3974:
3778:
3738:
3677:
3672:
1227:
1198:
1140:
439:
274:
180:
87:
3732:
3258:
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.
4459:
4440:
4229:
4098:
3748:
3394:
1449:
1001:
394:
1785:"For Sale, a House WithAcreage.Connections Extra;Site of 1957 Gangland Raid Is Part of Auction on Saturday"
4178:
4148:
4061:
4055:
3900:
3773:
3753:
3743:
3699:
3631:
3560:
2698:
1465:
1091:
1066:
996:
972:
318:
208:
134:
4032:
2173:
2115:
4133:
3768:
3758:
3720:
3704:
3693:
3581:
3541:
3012:
2983:
2953:
2911:
2144:
2012:
1983:
1954:
1925:
1483:
1322:
1306:
1181:
1135:
768:
654:
444:
3645:
2620:
Barry, Stephanie. “Organized crime in Springfield evolved through death and money.” 11 December 2011.
4348:
4338:
4269:
4153:
4143:
4128:
4118:
4108:
3905:
3726:
3620:
3516:
3507:
3500:
3489:
3484:
3474:
3465:
1474:
1302:
871:
805:
707:
613:
351:
339:
311:
303:
247:
216:
168:
115:
3343:
207:
decided to move against Costello. However, Genovese needed to also remove Costello's strong ally on
4410:
4374:
4353:
4279:
4103:
4038:
3709:
3667:
1157:
741:
224:
143:
91:
1310:
4389:
4274:
4249:
4199:
4158:
3714:
3433:
2733:
2227:
1343:
1298:
608:
355:
307:
240:
99:
1346:
to violate federal narcotics laws. On April 17, 1959, Genovese was sentenced to 15 years in the
3056:
2878:
338:
narcotics trade was also an important topic on the Apalachin agenda. Shortly before Apalachin,
4369:
3980:
3550:
3479:
3328:
3269:
3242:
3228:
3214:
3200:
3186:
3172:
3147:
3083:
3060:
2882:
2048:
1601:
967:
363:
291:
259:
255:
2941:
The Five Families: The Rise, Decline & Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empire
4343:
4299:
4234:
4015:
3635:
1457:
1410:
1289:
817:
459:
322:
278:
212:
107:
94:, on November 14, 1957. Allegedly, the meeting was held to discuss various topics including
79:
28:
3225:
Mafia Summit: J. Edgar Hoover, The Kennedy Brothers, and the Meeting That Unmasked the Mob.
4379:
4284:
3600:
3530:
2628:
2208:
1418:
1266:
1210:
1061:
866:
729:
679:
419:
The detained and indicted Mafiosi at the Apalachin summit on November 14, 1957, included:
386:
347:
330:
231:
176:
151:
3295:
3211:
Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires
235:
unable to recognize his assailant; Gigante was acquitted on charges of attempted murder.
191:
In 1937, fearing prosecution for the murder of Ferdinand Boccia, acting boss for Luciano
4254:
4239:
4163:
4138:
3662:
3525:
3417:
3049:
2871:
1441:
1367:
1288:
Magaddino and Genovese were the Commission members who called for the meeting once the
1193:
1152:
1114:
800:
666:
343:
326:
263:
200:
119:
83:
246:
In November 1957, immediately after the Anastasia murder, after taking control of the
4453:
4405:
4224:
4204:
4168:
3925:
3918:
3452:
1453:
1371:
984:
854:
702:
649:
299:
295:
220:
204:
192:
172:
123:
4415:
4289:
4259:
4194:
3942:
3937:
3555:
3443:
1436:
1363:
1222:
1046:
Fled to Sicily in 1957 after Apalachin, leaving Antonio "Mr. Miggs" Polina as Boss
763:
637:
449:
334:
267:
3303:
2622:
http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2011/12/organized_crime_in_springfield.html
3140:
1448:
into informants and sending high-ranking bosses to jail, and the encroachment of
106:, along with dividing the illegal operations controlled by the recently murdered
4420:
3822:
2212:
1338:
184:
188:
Naples. On arrival, Luciano told reporters he would probably reside in Sicily.
3829:
3811:
1423:
1318:
1103:
1033:
950:
Faction leader, Joseph's brother and second in command, Buffalo family soldier
477:
126:
wanted to legitimize his new power by holding a national Cosa Nostra meeting.
95:
3372:
3359:
1911:
3816:
2202:
Vincent Gigante, Mob Boss Who Feigned Incompetence to Avoid Jail, Dies at 77
1428:
1297:
in one of several "Mafia Row" houses on Dana Drive in the Buffalo suburb of
464:
3931:
317:
Some of the most powerful Cosa Nostra family heads in the country, such as
2389:"20 Apalachin Delegates Are Convicted; Officials Hail Intelligent Verdict"
3890:
3852:
3386:
1445:
1277:
367:
111:
103:
4294:
4093:
3836:
1366:, and none of the other high-ranking Jewish bosses, including Stacher,
1351:
1276:
As a result of the Apalachin meeting, the membership books to become a
371:
359:
251:
230:
In early 1957, Genovese decided to move on Costello. Genovese ordered
4329:
Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia
4173:
3895:
378:. A key figure in setting up the meeting was Ron "Escalade" Piscina.
139:
2326:"Government Has Evidence Of Mafia Counsel Meetings As Early As 1928"
1375:
Costello claims he was under intense surveillance after being shot.
1321:. Joseph Barbara's health continued to deteriorate and he died of a
879:
Only one to not plead the 5th Amendment about the Apalachin meeting
1712:"Apalachin Meeting Ruled Against Gang Killing Of Tough, Probe Told"
1270:
the Syndicate's many branches throughout North America and abroad.
1427:
mentions, "It was a glorious time, before Apalachin, before Crazy
385:
A local state trooper named Edgar D. Croswell had been aware that
2356:"Edgar D. Croswell, 77, Sergeant Who Upset '57 Mob Meeting, Dies"
1630:"Upstate summit raid in '57 put mob on map & FBI on the case"
1516:"Top U.S. Hoods Are Run Out of Area After 'Sick Call' on Barbara"
1481:
The meeting is loosely described (but not identified by name) in
1456:
organized crime into America. Viti's main rival, Primo Sindone (
3947:
3912:
1434:
The meeting forms the opening scene of the gangster comedy film
1337:
Luciano and Gambino allegedly helped pay part of $ 100,000 to a
294:, near the Pennsylvania border and about 200 miles northwest of
254:, but Genovese decided to have it in Apalachin at the urging of
196:
195:
fled to Italy with $ 750,000 in cash and settled in the city of
3390:
3255:. New York: Simon & Schuster (Touchstone Edition), 1991.
1883:"Old Mafia Myth Turns Up Again In Move Against Apalachin Mob"
374:, where they held talks with Sicilian Mafiosi staying at the
3253:
Octopus: The Long Reach of the International Sicilian Mafia
1628:
WRITER, JOHN MARZULLIDAILY NEWS STAFF (November 11, 2007).
49:
40:
2699:"Busted Hoodlum Conclave Made N.Y. Hamlet a 'Crime Shrine"
2669:"Hoodlums Run Into Black Days Since Federal Drive Started"
2416:"Mafia Raid Confirms 20-year Undercover Findings by T-Men"
1301:. The houses were owned by Magaddino and his sons-in-law,
1280:
in the mob were closed, and were not reopened until 1976.
416:
convictions were overturned on appeal the following year.
3183:
Bloodlines: The Rise and Fall of the Mafia's Royal Family
3169:
The Greatest Menace: Organized Crime in Cold War America
314:
were about to go to war against Genovese and his allies.
55:
34:
2984:"Genovese is Given 15 Years in Prison in Narcotics Case"
2912:"U.S. July Indicts Genovese, Gigante, in Narcotics Plot"
2578:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
2556:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
2482:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
2445:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
1659:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
1573:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
1551:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
1514:
Fitchette, Woodie; Hambalek, Steve (November 15, 1957).
1926:"Lucania Sentenced to 30 to 50 Years; Court Warns Ring"
1815:"'Crime Meeting' Conspiracy Convictions Upset By Court"
1745:"Ex-Union Officers Take 5th On Mafia, Apalchin Meeting"
393:
Having barely started their meeting, Bartolo Guccia, a
2174:"Costello is Shot Entering Home; Gunman Escapes Wound"
1718:. Associated Press. February 13, 1959. pp. 1, 3.
1354:, where he tried to run his crime family from prison.
2047:(3. ed.). New York: Facts on File. p. 277.
67:
58:
52:
31:
3268:. St. Davids, Pennsylvania: Diane Publishing, 1984.
2225:"Anastasia Slain in a Hotel Here; Led Murder, Inc".
2086:"Federal Attack, Internal Fights Trouble Crime Clan"
940:
Faction leader, possibly a Buffalo family caporegime
358:
and other American Cosa Nostra representatives from
46:
37:
4398:
4362:
4319:
4312:
4187:
4086:
4075:
4048:
4025:
4002:
3967:
3960:
3876:
3849:
3799:
3792:
3686:
3655:
3613:
3579:
3539:
3514:
3498:
3463:
3451:
3442:
1682:"Crime Inquiry Still Checking on Apalachin Meeting"
130:the woods and area surrounding the Barbara estate.
43:
3139:
3048:
2870:
2762:"'Big Barbecue' put Joe Bonanno in the public eye"
2531:"20 Apalachin Convictions Ruled Invalid On Appeal"
2275:. Associated Press. February 28, 1960. p. 1.
2269:"Narcotic Traffic Called Topic In Apalachin Talks"
1490:The meeting is mentioned in Season 5 Episode 4 of
3868:List of Italian-American mobsters by organization
3323:. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010.
2729:"Five Mafia Families Open Rosters to New Members"
3333:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2299:"Narcotics Agent Calls Racketeers Black-Handers"
1688:. Associated Press. July 2, 1958. pp. two.
1250:One of nine others questioned and not recorded.
1235:One of nine others questioned and not recorded.
16:Large meeting of the American Mafia held in 1957
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2760:Bonanno, Joseph; Sergio Lalli (July 14, 1983).
1463:The meeting is also mentioned in the 2013 film
3260:Profile On Organized Crime Mid-Atlantic Region
3239:American Mafia: A History of Its Rise to Power
3146:(Second ed.). New York: Checkmark Books.
2244:"Glynn:Area delegates attended mob convention"
3402:
3171:. Boston: Univ of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
3013:"Jersey Mafia Guided From Prison by Genovese"
1751:. Associated Press. July 2, 1958. p. 1.
1417:The narration near the beginning of the 1990
321:, Northeastern Pennsylvania family underboss
183:sentence on condition that he did not resist
8:
2787:"U.S. Launches Roundup of 27 Big Racketeers"
2601:"Area Men at Apalachin Now Under Indictment"
1850:. Associated Press. June 18, 1959. p. 7
4480:Organized crime events in the United States
3185:. Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001.
3078:
3076:
2845:. Associated Press. May 22, 1959. p. 2
2349:
2347:
1844:"Host To Hoodlum Meet Dies Of Heart Attack"
4316:
4083:
3964:
3796:
3460:
3448:
3409:
3395:
3387:
3266:Pennsylvania Crime Commission: 1984 Report
2383:
2381:
1317:lost his lucrative bottling contract with
203:became acting boss. During the mid-1950s,
199:, near Naples. With Genovese's departure,
4475:November 1957 events in the United States
3304:"Investigative Programs: Organized Crime"
2354:Narvaez, Alfonso A. (November 21, 1990).
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1472:The meeting is depicted in the 2019 film
1431:took on a mob boss and started a war...".
398:expensive suits before they were caught.
118:(renamed the Genovese crime family) from
3241:. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2004.
2839:"Six Mobsters Yet At Large In Fed Sweep"
2610:. Buffalo, NY. May 28, 1959. p. 28.
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
421:
3011:Grutzner, Charles (December 25, 1968).
2215:, The New York Times, December 19, 2005
1838:
1836:
1755:from the original on December 23, 2015.
1506:
1408:Very loosely depicted in the 1959 film
3326:
3288:"The Mob on the Nob: The Mafia I Knew"
3262:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1983.
3213:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005.
2982:Feinberg, Alexander (April 18, 1959).
2709:from the original on December 13, 2019
2679:from the original on December 26, 2016
2463:from the original on September 4, 2019
2279:from the original on December 26, 2016
2096:from the original on December 26, 2016
1984:"Pardoned Luciano on His Way to Italy"
1876:
1874:
1640:from the original on December 15, 2019
1532:from the original on September 4, 2019
960:Faction member, Buffalo family soldier
3286:La Sorte, Mike (Professor Emeritus).
1795:from the original on December 1, 2016
1739:
1737:
818:Joseph "Fat Joe/Joe Malyak" Magliocco
603:Barbara estate overseer and handyman
7:
3227:New York: St. Martin's Press, 2013.
3084:"La Cosa Nostra - Apalachin Meeting"
2943:. New York: St. Martins Press, 2005.
2447:"Names They Gave During Questioning"
1575:"Barbara's Life and Business Record"
719:Joseph "Staten Island Joe" Riccobono
272:northeastern Pennsylvania crime boss
219:. Genovese was soon conspiring with
2954:"Genovese Guilty in Narcotics Plot"
2558:"Guarnieri Was Grilled In Killings"
2426:from the original on April 23, 2016
2414:Tully, Andrew (September 2, 1958).
2366:from the original on March 15, 2017
2324:Riesel, Victor (January 16, 1958).
1821:. UPI. November 29, 1960. p. 2
1783:Blumenthal, Ralph (July 31, 2002).
1722:from the original on April 10, 2016
1692:from the original on April 10, 2016
158:Leading up to the Apalachin meeting
154:, had long refused to acknowledge.
2741:from the original on April 6, 2020
2145:"Gang-Ride Victim Thrown in Brush"
406:Aftermath of the Apalachin meeting
260:Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino
14:
3863:List of Italian-American mobsters
3344:"Were the Kennedys at Apalachin?"
3199:. New York: Facts on File, 1973.
3197:Crime & the American Response
3181:Lamothe, Lee and Antonio Nicaso.
3090:from the original on June 2, 2012
2642:"New Anit-Mobster Weapons Sought"
1955:"Dewey Commutes Luciano Sentence"
281:to oversee all the arrangements.
4436:
4435:
3342:Ward, Terry J. (December 1997).
2675:. Associated Press. p. 11.
2242:Glynn, Don (November 11, 2007).
742:Carmine "The Doctor" Lombardozzi
27:
4245:Italian-American National Union
3308:Federal Bureau of Investigation
3055:. Infobase Publishing. p.
2877:. Infobase Publishing. p.
2084:McHugh, Ray (August 26, 1963).
1122:Salvatore "Big Nose Sam" Cufari
1088:Frank "The Cheeseman" Cucchiara
179:reluctantly commuted Luciano's
148:Federal Bureau of Investigation
88:Joseph "Joe the Barber" Barbara
4385:Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
2505:"Apalachin Members All Quilty"
1440:; the protagonist, Paul Viti (
1399:The book and movie version of
262:and despite the objections of
146:, a fact that some, including
1:
2667:Adams, Jack (March 8, 1959).
2589:. Binghamton, NY. p. 29.
2456:. Binghamton, NY. p. 1.
1670:. Binghamton, NY. p. 29.
1525:. Binghamton, NY. p. 1.
790:Joseph "Joe Palisades" Rosato
546:Salvatore "Vicious" Trivalino
411:Mafiosi detained and indicted
308:Aniello "The Lamb" Dellacroce
162:
3429:List of Mafia crime families
3110:"'The Family': movie review"
2567:. Binghamton, NY. p. 3.
2493:. Binghamton, NY. p. 8.
2484:"Here Are Names They Gave--"
1881:Feder, Sid (June 11, 1959).
1597:The Mafia at Apalachin, 1957
1584:. Binghamton, NY. p. 3.
1562:. Binghamton, NY. p. 8.
1348:Atlanta Federal Penitentiary
801:Joseph "Don Peppino" Profaci
331:Carlos "Little Man" Marcello
270:. Magaddino, in turn, chose
86:held at the home of mobster
4114:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan
3696:(Northeastern Pennsylvania)
780:Giovanni "Big John" Ormento
638:Natale "Joe Diamonds" Evola
526:Pasquale "Patsy" Turrigiano
506:Anthony "The Gov" Guarnieri
440:Joseph "The Barber" Barbara
258:boss and Commission member
4501:
2207:December 20, 2019, at the
1284:The fall of Joseph Barbara
1178:James "Black Jim" Colletti
1125:Springfield, Massachusetts
730:Paul "Big Paul" Castellano
680:Michele "Big Mike" Miranda
566:Pasquale "Patsy" Sciortino
556:Pasquale "Patsy" Monachino
460:Rosario "Russell" Bufalino
443:
4433:
3735:(Little Italy, Manhattan)
3424:
2305:. July 1, 1958. p. 2
1553:"Hoods Run Out of Area--"
1493:The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel
1342:convicted in New York of
1226:
1197:
1156:
1065:
1039:Philadelphia crime family
1037:
1023:Gabriel "Kelly" Mannarino
1000:
971:
936:
884:Antonino "Nino" Magaddino
870:
843:DeCavalcante crime family
841:
804:
767:
706:
703:Carlo "Don Carlo" Gambino
691:Salvatore "Charles" Chiri
653:
612:
609:Giovanni "John" Bonventre
4470:1957 in New York (state)
4334:Operation Family Secrets
4265:National Crime Syndicate
3975:Atlantic City Conference
2013:"Luciano Reaches Naples"
1600:. Michael Newton. 2012.
1469:, also starring De Niro.
1228:Kansas City crime family
1199:Los Angeles crime family
1141:Trafficante crime family
650:Vito "Don Vito" Genovese
163:Genovese's bid for power
90:, at 625 McFall Road in
4230:East Harlem Purple Gang
4099:Colacurcio Organization
3373:42.054382°N 76.157361°W
2813:"Apalachin Pals Rapped"
2608:Buffalo Courier-Express
1908:"Luciano Trial Website"
1265:Long-time FBI director
1002:Pittsburgh crime family
997:Michael "Mike" Genovese
855:Louis "Fat Lou" LaRasso
829:Salvatore "Sam" Tornabe
395:Castellammare del Golfo
4485:Tioga County, New York
4179:Velentzas Organization
4149:Philadelphia Greek Mob
4062:Mafia Commission Trial
4056:Pizza Connection Trial
3646:10th & Oregon Crew
3561:Greenwich Village Crew
3418:Italian-American Mafia
3142:The Mafia Encyclopedia
3138:Sifakis, Carl (1999).
3051:The Mafia Encyclopedia
3047:Sifakis, Carl (2005).
2873:The Mafia Encyclopedia
2869:Sifakis, Carl (2005).
2627:June 19, 2018, at the
2116:"Genovese Denies Guit"
2044:The Mafia encyclopedia
2041:Sifakis, Carl (2005).
1368:Abner "Longy" Zwillman
1092:Patriarca crime family
1067:Cleveland crime family
1013:John Sebastian LaRocca
973:Rochester crime family
914:Samuel "Sam" Lagattuta
667:Gerardo "Jerry" Catena
536:Emanuel "Manny" Zicari
445:NE Pennsylvania family
376:Grand Hotel des Palmes
319:Santo Trafficante, Jr.
217:Anastasia crime family
4134:Musitano crime family
3906:Black Hand in Chicago
3636:Angiulo's Boston crew
3628:(Northern New Jersey)
3378:42.054382; -76.157361
3317:"Mafia In Apalachin?"
2705:. November 19, 2000.
2631:Accessed 15 May 2017.
1887:The Victoria Advocate
1484:The Godfather Returns
1378:There is evidence of
1182:Colorado crime family
1169:John Francis Colletti
1136:Santo Trafficante Jr.
1108:Springfield, Illinois
957:Rosario "Roy" Mancuso
894:Rosario "Roy" Carlisi
769:Lucchese crime family
655:Genovese crime family
597:Bartolo "Bart" Guccia
285:The Apalachin meeting
100:narcotics trafficking
4349:Operation Underworld
4339:Operation Old Bridge
4270:New Springville Boys
4154:Rizzuto crime family
4144:Papalia crime family
4129:Luppino crime family
4119:Inzerillo Mafia clan
4109:Cotroni crime family
3993:Palermo Mafia summit
3485:New Springville Boys
3350:. Greater Owego, NY.
3195:Peterson, Robert W.
2791:Oxnard Press-Courier
2646:St. Petersburg Times
2420:The Pittsburgh Press
1914:on January 31, 2009.
1370:, Philip Kastel and
1252:The Sedalia Democrat
1237:The Sedalia Democrat
1153:Joseph "Joe" Civello
904:James "Jimmy" LaDuca
872:Buffalo crime family
806:Profaci crime family
764:Vincent "Nunzio" Rao
708:Gambino crime family
626:Anthony "Tony" Riela
614:Bonanno crime family
587:Morris "Moe" Modugno
248:Luciano crime family
169:Luciano crime family
116:Luciano crime family
4411:Buster from Chicago
4375:Hired Truck Program
4354:Operation Wasteland
4280:South Brooklyn Boys
4255:Marat Balagula gang
4039:Castellammarese War
3571:Springfield faction
3369: /
3298:on October 4, 2006.
3114:New York Daily News
2673:The Tuscaloosa News
2537:. November 29, 1960
2511:. December 17, 1959
2395:. December 19, 1959
2231:. October 26, 1957.
1993:. February 11, 1946
1716:Schenectady Gazette
1372:Morris "Moe" Dalitz
1261:Cosa Nostra exposed
1158:Dallas crime family
924:Dominick D'Agostino
753:Armand "Tommy" Rava
516:James "Dave" Ostico
312:Armand "Tommy" Rava
225:Norwood, New Jersey
144:criminal conspiracy
110:. An estimated 100
92:Apalachin, New York
4390:Rochester bombings
4275:Rudaj Organization
4250:Maceo Organization
4205:Bumpy Johnson gang
4200:Bugs and Meyer Mob
4159:Sacra Corona Unita
4010:Kefauver Committee
3656:Midwestern/Western
3596:New Jersey faction
3566:New Jersey faction
3480:Motion Lounge crew
3434:Mafia bibliography
3251:Sterling, Claire.
3237:Reppetto, Thomas.
3020:The New York Times
2991:The New York Times
2961:The New York Times
2919:The New York Times
2737:. March 21, 1976.
2734:The New York Times
2648:. January 28, 1961
2509:Lodi News-Sentinel
2360:The New York Times
2228:The New York Times
2181:The New York Times
2152:The New York Times
2123:The New York Times
2090:Lodi News-Sentinel
2020:The New York Times
1991:The New York Times
1962:The New York Times
1933:The New York Times
1819:Lodi News-Sentinel
1789:The New York Times
1402:The Valachi Papers
1391:In popular culture
1307:Charles A. Montana
486:Angelo J. Sciandra
356:Giovanni Bonventre
277:and his underboss
241:Park Central Hotel
215:, the boss of the
167:On June 18, 1936,
4447:
4446:
4429:
4428:
4370:French Connection
4308:
4307:
4225:Dutch Schultz Mob
4071:
4070:
4033:Mafia–Camorra War
3987:Apalachin meeting
3981:Havana Conference
3956:
3955:
3886:Initiation ritual
3788:
3787:
3609:
3608:
3551:116th Street Crew
3292:AmericanMafia.com
3233:978-0-312-65775-8
3066:978-0-8160-6989-7
2888:978-0-8160-6989-7
2817:The Newburgh News
2703:Los Angeles Times
1964:. January 4, 1946
1868:Sifakis, p. 19-20
1848:Ocala Star-Banner
1329:Conspiracy theory
1258:
1257:
1051:Dominick Olivetto
968:Constenze Valenti
947:Salvatore Falcone
621:Former underboss
469:Summit organizer
304:Anastasia murders
292:Susquehanna River
256:Buffalo, New York
78:) was a historic
23:Apalachin meeting
4492:
4465:1957 conferences
4439:
4438:
4399:Related articles
4344:Operation Solare
4317:
4300:Winter Hill Gang
4235:Five Points Gang
4210:New York Camorra
4104:Commisso 'ndrina
4084:
4016:Valachi hearings
3965:
3922:(boss of bosses)
3800:Chain of command
3797:
3729:(Italian Harlem)
3591:Brooklyn faction
3461:
3449:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3351:
3338:
3332:
3324:
3311:
3299:
3294:. Archived from
3167:Bernstein, Lee.
3157:
3145:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3054:
3044:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2958:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2876:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2843:Sarasota Journal
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:. March 14, 1959
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2766:The Windsor Star
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2638:
2632:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2587:Binghamton Press
2584:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2565:Binghamton Press
2562:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2491:Binghamton Press
2488:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2454:Binghamton Press
2451:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2081:
2068:
2067:Davis, pp. 78-79
2065:
2059:
2058:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1910:. Archived from
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1878:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1780:
1757:
1756:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:Binghamton Press
1665:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:Binghamton Press
1579:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:Binghamton Press
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1523:Binghamton Press
1520:
1511:
1458:Chazz Palminteri
1411:Inside the Mafia
1290:Albert Anastasia
1223:Nicholas Civella
1034:Joseph "Joe" Ida
600:Family associate
579:Family associate
496:Ignatius Cannone
422:
329:of Los Angeles,
323:Russell Bufalino
279:Russell Bufalino
213:Albert Anastasia
135:obstruct justice
108:Albert Anastasia
74:
70:
65:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4425:
4394:
4380:Lufthansa heist
4358:
4321:
4304:
4285:Tanglewood Boys
4215:The Corporation
4183:
4079:
4077:
4076:Closely related
4067:
4044:
4021:
3998:
3952:
3872:
3845:
3784:
3682:
3651:
3634:(New England) (
3605:
3601:Tanglewood Boys
3575:
3535:
3531:Ozone Park Boys
3510:
3494:
3475:Calabrian group
3456:
3438:
3420:
3415:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:Community Press
3341:
3325:
3314:
3302:
3285:
3282:
3164:
3162:Further reading
3154:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3046:
3045:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2963:. April 4, 1959
2956:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2901:Sifakis, p. 186
2900:
2896:
2889:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2629:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2248:Niagara Gazette
2241:
2240:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:Wayback Machine
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2022:. March 1, 1946
2015:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1935:. June 19, 1936
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1782:
1781:
1760:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1634:nydailynews.com
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1419:Martin Scorsese
1393:
1331:
1303:James V. LaDuca
1286:
1267:J. Edgar Hoover
1263:
1254:, May 21, 1959
1244:Joseph Filardo
1239:, May 21, 1959
1211:Simone Scozzari
937:Utica, New York
867:John C. Montana
697:Faction leader
674:Faction leader
632:Faction leader
582:Never indicted
474:Dominick Alaimo
413:
408:
387:Carmine Galante
348:Carmine Galante
287:
232:Vincent Gigante
177:Thomas E. Dewey
165:
160:
152:J. Edgar Hoover
72:
68:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4460:Mafia meetings
4452:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4240:Forty-Two Gang
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4164:Sicilian Mafia
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4081:
4078:and affiliated
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4059:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3971:
3969:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3807:The Commission
3803:
3801:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3723:(Philadelphia)
3718:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3690:
3688:
3687:Mostly defunct
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3526:Baltimore Crew
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3490:Sicilian group
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3458:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3353:
3352:
3339:
3312:
3300:
3281:
3280:External links
3278:
3277:
3276:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3235:
3223:Reavill, Gil.
3221:
3209:Raab, Selwyn.
3207:
3193:
3179:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3101:
3072:
3065:
3032:
3003:
2974:
2945:
2939:Raab, Selwyn.
2932:
2921:. July 8, 1958
2903:
2894:
2887:
2856:
2830:
2804:
2793:. May 21, 1959
2778:
2752:
2720:
2690:
2659:
2633:
2613:
2592:
2570:
2548:
2522:
2496:
2474:
2437:
2406:
2377:
2343:
2316:
2290:
2260:
2234:
2217:
2194:
2165:
2154:. June 9, 1946
2136:
2125:. June 3, 1945
2107:
2069:
2060:
2053:
2033:
2004:
1975:
1946:
1917:
1899:
1870:
1861:
1832:
1806:
1758:
1749:Meriden Record
1733:
1703:
1673:
1651:
1620:
1606:
1587:
1565:
1543:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1442:Robert De Niro
1432:
1415:
1406:
1392:
1389:
1330:
1327:
1285:
1282:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1194:Frank DeSimone
1190:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:Chicago Outfit
1112:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
999:
993:
992:
990:
987:
981:
980:
978:
975:
970:
964:
963:
961:
958:
954:
953:
951:
948:
944:
943:
941:
938:
935:
934:Joseph Falcone
931:
930:
928:
925:
921:
920:
918:
915:
911:
910:
908:
905:
901:
900:
898:
895:
891:
890:
888:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
869:
863:
862:
860:
857:
851:
850:
848:
845:
840:
836:
835:
833:
830:
826:
825:
823:
820:
814:
813:
811:
808:
803:
797:
796:
794:
791:
787:
786:
784:
781:
777:
776:
774:
771:
766:
760:
759:
757:
754:
750:
749:
747:
744:
738:
737:
735:
732:
726:
725:
723:
720:
716:
715:
713:
710:
705:
699:
698:
695:
692:
688:
687:
685:
682:
676:
675:
672:
669:
663:
662:
660:
657:
652:
646:
645:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
611:
605:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
591:
590:Family soldier
588:
584:
583:
580:
577:
573:
572:
570:
569:Family soldier
567:
563:
562:
560:
559:Family soldier
557:
553:
552:
550:
549:Family soldier
547:
543:
542:
540:
537:
533:
532:
530:
527:
523:
522:
520:
517:
513:
512:
510:
509:Family Soldier
507:
503:
502:
500:
497:
493:
492:
490:
487:
483:
482:
480:
475:
471:
470:
467:
462:
456:
455:
452:
447:
442:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
412:
409:
407:
404:
352:Frank Garofalo
344:Joseph Bonanno
340:Bonanno Family
327:Frank DeSimone
286:
283:
275:Joseph Barbara
264:Chicago Outfit
209:the commission
201:Frank Costello
164:
161:
159:
156:
120:Frank Costello
84:American Mafia
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4497:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:Barrel murder
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Siderno Group
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:organizations
4074:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:Mustache Pete
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:Capo dei capi
3916:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3848:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:San Francisco
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3457:New York City
3454:
3453:Five Families
3450:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3321:hafergary.com
3318:
3315:Hafer, Gary.
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:0-8182-0000-6
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:0-8050-7798-7
3244:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:0-312-30094-8
3216:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3205:0-87196-227-6
3202:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:0-00-638524-9
3188:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:1-55849-345-X
3174:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3153:0-8160-3857-0
3149:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2962:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2920:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2580:"Guarnieri--"
2574:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2394:
2393:The Telegraph
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2183:. May 3, 1957
2182:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2054:0-8160-5694-3
2050:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2034:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1609:
1607:9780786489862
1603:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
986:
985:Frank Valenti
983:
982:
979:
976:
974:
969:
966:
965:
962:
959:
956:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
942:
939:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
873:
868:
865:
864:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
849:
846:
844:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
809:
807:
802:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
775:
772:
770:
765:
762:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
714:
711:
709:
704:
701:
700:
696:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
651:
648:
647:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
624:
620:
617:
615:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
596:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
575:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
481:
479:
476:
473:
472:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
453:
451:
448:
446:
441:
438:
437:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
420:
417:
410:
405:
403:
399:
396:
391:
388:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:New York City
293:
284:
282:
280:
276:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
236:
233:
228:
226:
222:
221:Carlo Gambino
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:Vito Genovese
202:
198:
194:
193:Vito Genovese
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:Lucky Luciano
170:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
131:
127:
125:
124:Vito Genovese
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
63:
24:
19:
4416:Cement shoes
4313:Other topics
4290:Unione Corse
4260:Murder, Inc.
4195:Broadway Mob
4124:Jewish Mafia
3986:
3943:Sixth Family
3938:One-way ride
3930:
3917:
3851:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3642:Philadelphia
3626:DeCavalcante
3580:
3556:Broadway Mob
3540:
3515:
3499:
3464:
3354:
3347:
3320:
3307:
3296:the original
3291:
3265:
3259:
3252:
3238:
3224:
3210:
3196:
3182:
3168:
3141:
3117:. Retrieved
3113:
3104:
3092:. Retrieved
3050:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:
2977:
2965:. Retrieved
2960:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2918:
2906:
2897:
2872:
2847:. Retrieved
2842:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2816:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2790:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2713:December 12,
2711:. Retrieved
2702:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2672:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2645:
2636:
2616:
2607:
2595:
2586:
2573:
2564:
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2535:Toledo Blade
2534:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2508:
2499:
2490:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2453:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2419:
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2392:
2368:. Retrieved
2359:
2334:. Retrieved
2332:. p. 32
2329:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:Toledo Blade
2302:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2273:Toledo Blade
2272:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2247:
2237:
2226:
2220:
2197:
2187:December 31,
2185:. Retrieved
2180:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2151:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2122:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2089:
2063:
2043:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1990:
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1961:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1932:
1920:
1912:the original
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1886:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1847:
1823:. Retrieved
1818:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1788:
1748:
1724:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1686:Toledo Blade
1685:
1676:
1667:
1654:
1644:December 15,
1642:. Retrieved
1633:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1596:
1590:
1581:
1568:
1559:
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1522:
1509:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1437:Analyze This
1435:
1422:
1409:
1400:
1394:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1364:Jewish Mafia
1360:
1356:
1339:Puerto Rican
1336:
1332:
1323:heart attack
1315:
1311:Vincent Scro
1295:
1287:
1275:
1272:
1264:
1251:
1236:
1078:John DeMarco
1062:John Scalish
839:Frank Majuri
576:Guy Pasquale
454:Summit host
428:Association
418:
414:
400:
392:
384:
380:
335:Meyer Lansky
316:
288:
268:Sam Giancana
245:
237:
229:
190:
166:
132:
128:
96:loansharking
22:
20:
18:
4421:Shotgun Man
4220:The Council
4139:'Ndrangheta
4064:(1985–1986)
4058:(1985–1987)
4041:(1929–1931)
4035:(1914–1917)
4012:(1950–1951)
3823:Consigliere
3779:Trafficante
3739:New Orleans
3678:Los Angeles
3673:Kansas City
3376: /
2996:January 15,
2925:January 13,
2213:Selwyn Raab
2158:January 13,
2129:January 13,
1661:"Barbara--"
1117:Caporegime
1096:Consigliere
1081:Consigliere
773:Consigliere
722:Consigliere
684:Consigliere
185:deportation
4454:Categories
4322:operations
4320:Government
3901:Black Hand
3830:Caporegime
3749:Pittsburgh
3614:East Coast
3364:76°09′26″W
3361:42°03′16″N
1613:October 3,
1501:References
1466:The Family
1424:Goodfellas
1344:conspiracy
1319:Canada Dry
1247:Underboss
1104:Frank Zito
1026:Caporegime
1006:Caporegime
927:Caporegime
917:Caporegime
907:Caporegime
897:Caporegime
887:Caporegime
859:Caporegime
832:Caporegime
793:Caporegime
783:Caporegime
756:Caporegime
746:Caporegime
734:Caporegime
694:Caporegime
642:Caporegime
629:Caporegime
618:Caporegime
539:Caporegime
529:Caporegime
519:Caporegime
499:Caporegime
489:Caporegime
478:Caporegime
3850:Members (
3842:Associate
3817:Underboss
3793:Structure
3774:St. Louis
3754:Rochester
3744:Milwaukee
3717:(Chicago)
3700:Cleveland
3632:Patriarca
3094:April 26,
2467:April 28,
2330:Star-News
1536:April 28,
1429:Joe Gallo
1215:Underboss
1054:Underboss
989:Underboss
876:Underboss
847:Underboss
822:Underboss
671:Underboss
465:Underboss
431:Position
181:pandering
150:Director
4441:Category
4003:Hearings
3968:Meetings
3913:Vendetta
3891:Made man
3853:made men
3769:San Jose
3759:Rockford
3733:D'Aquila
3721:Lanzetta
3705:Colorado
3694:Bufalino
3582:Lucchese
3542:Genovese
3444:Families
3329:cite web
3119:April 3,
3088:Archived
3025:June 25,
2967:June 25,
2745:April 6,
2739:Archived
2707:Archived
2677:Archived
2625:Archived
2458:Archived
2424:Archived
2364:Archived
2277:Archived
2205:Archived
2094:Archived
2026:June 16,
1997:June 16,
1968:June 16,
1939:June 17,
1793:Archived
1753:Archived
1720:Archived
1690:Archived
1638:Archived
1527:Archived
1475:Mob Town
1446:made men
1299:Lewiston
1278:made man
370:visited
368:Montreal
342:members
104:gambling
4295:Westies
4188:Defunct
4094:Camorra
3837:Soldato
3781:(Tampa)
3727:Morello
3668:Detroit
3663:Chicago
3621:Buffalo
3517:Gambino
3508:Colombo
3501:Colombo
3466:Bonanno
3132:Sources
2849:May 27,
2823:May 28,
2797:May 29,
2771:June 1,
2683:May 27,
2652:May 28,
2541:May 28,
2515:May 28,
2430:May 28,
2399:May 28,
2370:May 28,
2336:May 27,
2309:May 27,
2283:May 27,
2253:May 28,
2100:June 1,
1892:June 2,
1854:May 27,
1825:May 28,
1799:June 2,
1726:May 27,
1696:May 27,
1454:Russian
1450:Chinese
1352:Atlanta
372:Palermo
364:Buffalo
360:Detroit
300:Scalice
252:Chicago
112:Mafiosi
82:of the
4363:Crimes
4174:Stidda
4087:Active
4049:Trials
4018:(1963)
3995:(1957)
3989:(1957)
3983:(1946)
3977:(1929)
3961:Events
3932:Omertà
3896:Bagman
3710:Dallas
3272:
3245:
3231:
3217:
3203:
3189:
3175:
3150:
3063:
2885:
2051:
1604:
434:Notes
140:appeal
102:, and
80:summit
3878:Terms
3715:Genna
3016:(PDF)
2987:(PDF)
2957:(PDF)
2915:(PDF)
2604:(PDF)
2583:(PDF)
2561:(PDF)
2487:(PDF)
2461:(PDF)
2450:(PDF)
2211:, by
2177:(PDF)
2148:(PDF)
2119:(PDF)
2016:(PDF)
1987:(PDF)
1958:(PDF)
1929:(PDF)
1664:(PDF)
1578:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
1530:(PDF)
1519:(PDF)
1421:film
1232:Boss
425:Name
266:boss
171:boss
4026:Wars
3948:Zips
3812:Boss
3335:link
3270:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3215:ISBN
3201:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3148:ISBN
3121:2023
3096:2012
3061:ISBN
3027:2012
2998:2012
2969:2012
2927:2012
2883:ISBN
2851:2012
2825:2012
2799:2012
2773:2012
2747:2020
2715:2019
2685:2012
2654:2012
2543:2012
2517:2012
2469:2017
2432:2012
2401:2012
2372:2012
2338:2012
2311:2012
2285:2012
2255:2012
2189:2011
2160:2012
2131:2012
2102:2012
2049:ISBN
2028:2012
1999:2012
1970:2012
1941:2012
1894:2012
1856:2012
1827:2012
1801:2012
1728:2012
1698:2012
1646:2019
1615:2017
1602:ISBN
1538:2017
1452:and
1380:some
1309:and
1203:Boss
1186:Boss
1162:Boss
1145:Boss
1128:Boss
1111:Boss
1071:Boss
1043:Boss
1016:Boss
977:Boss
810:Boss
712:Boss
659:Boss
450:Boss
366:and
333:and
310:and
302:and
197:Nola
75:-kin
21:The
1350:in
73:LAY
71:-ə-
4456::
3455:of
3346:.
3331:}}
3327:{{
3319:.
3306:.
3290:.
3112:.
3086:.
3075:^
3059:.
3057:23
3035:^
3018:.
2989:.
2959:.
2917:.
2881:.
2879:22
2859:^
2841:.
2815:.
2789:.
2764:.
2731:.
2701:.
2671:.
2644:.
2606:.
2585:.
2563:.
2533:.
2507:.
2489:.
2452:.
2422:.
2418:.
2391:.
2380:^
2362:.
2358:.
2346:^
2328:.
2301:.
2271:.
2246:.
2179:.
2150:.
2121:.
2092:.
2088:.
2072:^
2018:.
1989:.
1960:.
1931:.
1885:.
1873:^
1846:.
1835:^
1817:.
1791:.
1787:.
1761:^
1747:.
1736:^
1714:.
1684:.
1666:.
1636:.
1632:.
1580:.
1558:.
1521:.
1305:,
362:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
325:,
227:.
211:,
122:,
98:,
69:AP
50:eɪ
3856:)
3648:)
3644:(
3638:)
3410:e
3403:t
3396:v
3337:)
3310:.
3156:.
3123:.
3098:.
3069:.
3029:.
3000:.
2971:.
2929:.
2891:.
2853:.
2827:.
2801:.
2775:.
2749:.
2717:.
2687:.
2656:.
2545:.
2519:.
2471:.
2434:.
2403:.
2374:.
2340:.
2313:.
2287:.
2257:.
2191:.
2162:.
2133:.
2104:.
2057:.
2030:.
2001:.
1972:.
1943:.
1896:.
1858:.
1829:.
1803:.
1730:.
1700:.
1648:.
1617:.
1540:.
1496:.
1478:.
1414:.
1405:.
62:/
59:n
56:ɪ
53:k
47:l
44:ˈ
41:ə
38:p
35:æ
32:ˌ
29:/
25:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.