2314:
2321:
3704:
1558:
3265:
3270:
139:
2307:
1552:
1546:
3764:
3710:
118:
421:
noted in 2004 that because the second specimen did not preserve any of the same bones as the first, the two could not be scientifically compared. Clarke therefore reclassified the second specimen as its own genus and species,
2313:
409:. This location is now recognized as falling between Marker Units 15 and 19 of the Smoky Hill Chalk geological formation. An additional, more complete specimen had also been referred to
488:
primarily in that it had at least one additional rib attached to the hip vertebrae (sacrum), possibly more as the entire synsacrum was not preserved in the only known specimen.
3916:
519:
Its exact relationships are unresolved, mainly due to the paucity of fossil remains. Though it has sometimes been considered to be closely related to modern waterfowl (
3857:
394:
While the known fossil remains are very incomplete, enough has been found to reasonably estimate that the body length was between 7–8 inches (18–20 cm).
3926:
3844:
3921:
704:
508:, a hypothesis also supported by Hope in 2002. In 2022, Benito and colleagues noted the variability in the sacral anatomy among known
413:
by Marsh. This more complete specimen had historically been the one used almost exclusively to form the basis of what was known about
1557:
3703:
3264:
2320:
561:
2306:
3269:
138:
1551:
1497:
697:
1850:
795:
1545:
3389:
2254:
3784:
3767:
3366:
3310:
3911:
3883:
3626:
1876:
1441:
402:
279:
255:
3597:
3836:
3709:
690:
406:
454:
was recognized as a distinct species by Marsh (1873). Its type species was originally classified as
2658:
2153:
2019:
1654:
477:
3654:
2786:
2735:
2382:
2122:
1345:
822:
376:
304:
133:
2563:
2483:
444:, specifically as all species more closely related to the type specimen YPM 1451 than to either
3888:
3554:
2938:
371:
boundary, dated to about 83.5 million years ago. The remains of this species were found in the
3870:
3862:
3506:
2765:
2493:
2008:
1793:
1397:
764:
655:
557:
553:
546:
3875:
3737:
3662:
3604:
3197:
3088:
2795:
2473:
2197:
2176:
1486:
1420:
1327:
964:
645:
635:
624:
provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds"
424:
372:
496:. In a 2004 paper, Julia Clarke noted that the few unique characteristics preserved in the
3684:
3677:
3640:
3561:
3545:
3125:
3097:
2744:
2372:
2231:
2162:
2034:
1997:
1839:
1824:
1743:
1699:
1678:
1455:
1334:
1291:
1116:
1047:
780:
30:
3822:
618:
Benito, J.; Chen, A.; Wilson, L.E.; Bhullar, B-.A. S.; Burnham, D.; Field, D.J. (2022).
3727:
3669:
3633:
3530:
3462:
3437:
3410:
3378:
3022:
2992:
2857:
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2614:
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2132:
1630:
1427:
1186:
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1021:
1000:
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619:
3905:
3747:
3742:
3611:
3471:
3355:
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2978:
2897:
2841:
2811:
2758:
2751:
2637:
2628:
2412:
2392:
1935:
1924:
1810:
1779:
1736:
1685:
1671:
1365:
1097:
1075:
1060:
978:
469:
384:
346:
68:
3757:
3619:
3346:
3220:
3213:
3152:
3070:
2803:
2682:
2594:
2543:
2513:
2462:
2402:
2220:
2073:
2058:
2043:
1977:
1865:
1817:
1729:
1619:
1474:
1434:
1413:
1406:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1319:
1304:
1240:
1197:
1158:
1028:
1007:
938:
916:
520:
505:
473:
418:
3816:
3582:
3492:
3427:
3168:
3118:
3049:
3001:
2826:
2772:
2720:
2667:
2553:
2523:
2442:
2206:
1956:
1946:
1609:
1448:
1213:
1172:
1143:
1136:
1104:
1014:
948:
888:
875:
834:
713:
464:
314:
43:
3807:
3647:
3515:
3322:
3206:
3176:
3143:
3111:
3077:
3063:
3056:
2880:
2850:
2644:
2604:
2533:
2422:
2351:
2338:
2266:
2213:
2089:
2066:
2051:
1987:
1914:
1802:
1772:
1765:
1708:
1664:
1358:
1247:
1231:
1220:
1179:
1165:
1129:
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1068:
524:
350:
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196:
88:
53:
3752:
3732:
3568:
3523:
3485:
3478:
3035:
2968:
2948:
2928:
2918:
2712:
2705:
2674:
2139:
1966:
1758:
1640:
1312:
1254:
1206:
1150:
1036:
905:
807:
755:
596:
Clarke, J.A. (2004). "Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of
368:
364:
209:
150:
93:
37:
672:
Chiappe, L.M., & Dyke, G.J. (2002). "The
Mesozoic radiation of birds."
659:
492:
also lacked the ossified tendons covering the top of the sacral region in
3801:
3575:
3447:
3104:
3042:
2864:
2818:
2432:
2183:
2107:
1751:
1715:
1261:
993:
746:
737:
523:), most researchers today consider it to be an early member of the clade
342:
183:
170:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
640:
3849:
3831:
3589:
3335:
3183:
3008:
2583:
1893:
1722:
1588:
1575:
1509:
576:
O. C. Marsh. 1873. On a new sub-class of fossil birds (Odontornithes).
354:
222:
98:
73:
504:
as originally thought, actually suggest it is more closely related to
117:
3160:
2958:
2573:
2452:
927:
731:
380:
160:
3778:
985:
441:
335:
3287:
3232:
3782:
3285:
2336:
1573:
873:
724:
686:
682:
500:
specimen, rather than suggesting a close relationship with
544:
Perrins, Christopher (1987) . Harrison, C.J.O. (ed.).
3542:
3503:
3459:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3194:
3140:
3019:
2989:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2924:
2914:
2904:
2893:
2838:
2783:
2732:
2693:
2655:
2625:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2240:
2194:
2150:
2119:
2102:
2031:
2015:
2004:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1931:
1920:
1910:
1862:
1836:
1790:
1696:
1651:
1636:
1626:
1615:
1605:
1483:
1288:
961:
944:
934:
923:
912:
901:
3791:
3541:
3502:
3458:
3408:
3377:
3354:
3345:
3321:
3298:
3231:
3193:
3139:
3087:
3018:
2988:
2878:
2837:
2782:
2731:
2692:
2654:
2624:
2349:
2265:
2239:
2230:
2193:
2149:
2118:
2087:
2030:
1891:
1861:
1835:
1789:
1695:
1650:
1586:
1508:
1482:
1473:
1396:
1344:
1287:
1230:
1196:
1115:
1046:
959:
886:
833:
806:
779:
606:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
545:
391:, the fused series of vertebrae over the hips.
387:. It is known from a single fossil specimen: a
512:specimens, and suggested that the validity of
698:
552:. Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp.
8:
592:
590:
588:
586:
548:Birds: Their Lifes, Their Ways, Their World
3917:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
3779:
3416:
3351:
3327:
3295:
3282:
3027:
2886:
2361:
2357:
2346:
2333:
2236:
2095:
1903:
1899:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1570:
1479:
1350:
1296:
1284:
1121:
1052:
970:
894:
883:
870:
812:
785:
776:
721:
705:
691:
683:
116:
20:
649:
639:
401:, YPM 1451, was reportedly discovered by
674:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
536:
7:
578:American Journal of Science and Arts
3927:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
405:in October 1872 at Butte Creek in
14:
353:. It currently contains a single
3763:
3762:
3708:
3702:
3268:
3263:
2319:
2312:
2305:
1556:
1550:
1544:
137:
1:
3922:Fossil taxa described in 1873
3943:
468:, having been assigned to
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3722:
3700:
3419:
3330:
3294:
3281:
3261:
3030:
2889:
2364:
2360:
2345:
2332:
2303:
2098:
1906:
1902:
1601:
1597:
1582:
1569:
1542:
1353:
1299:
1283:
1124:
1055:
973:
897:
882:
869:
815:
788:
775:
720:
363:, which lived around the
310:
303:
285:
278:
134:Scientific classification
132:
124:
115:
23:
620:"Forty new specimens of
604:(Avialae: Ornithurae)."
516:should be re-evaluated.
476:by Marsh (1880), and to
440:has been defined as a
436:The traditional genus
3884:Paleobiology Database
1442:Paralitherizinosaurus
462:was long allied with
403:Othniel Charles Marsh
397:The type specimen of
480:by Sepkoski (2002).
472:by Marsh (1873), to
407:Logan County, Kansas
2659:Patagopterygiformes
2154:Confuciusornithidae
2020:Scansoriopterygidae
1655:Scansoriopterygidae
641:10.7717/peerj.13919
478:Ichthyornithiformes
2787:Songlingornithidae
2736:Hongshanornithidae
2123:Omnivoropterygidae
2035:Jeholornithiformes
1346:Therizinosauroidea
377:Niobrara Formation
3899:
3898:
3871:Open Tree of Life
3785:Taxon identifiers
3776:
3775:
3718:
3717:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3598:Lutetodontopteris
3507:Gastornithiformes
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3288:Aves / Neornithes
3277:
3276:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3233:Aves / Neornithes
3135:
3134:
2874:
2873:
2766:Parahongshanornis
2328:
2327:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2083:
2082:
2009:Archaeopterygidae
1887:
1886:
1794:Archaeopterygidae
1565:
1564:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1398:Therizinosauridae
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
865:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
765:Maniraptoriformes
456:Ichthyornis celer
448:or modern birds.
327:
326:
321:
259:
3934:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3878:
3866:
3865:
3853:
3852:
3840:
3839:
3837:75A292236AEFFD08
3827:
3826:
3825:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3780:
3766:
3765:
3738:Deinonychosauria
3713:
3712:
3706:
3663:Protodontopteryx
3605:Macrodontopteryx
3544:
3505:
3461:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3417:
3352:
3328:
3296:
3283:
3272:
3267:
3198:Cimolopterygidae
3196:
3142:
3089:Hesperornithidae
3028:
3021:
2991:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2895:
2887:
2840:
2785:
2734:
2695:
2657:
2627:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2347:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2242:
2237:
2198:Jinguofortisidae
2196:
2177:Eoconfuciusornis
2152:
2121:
2104:
2096:
2033:
2017:
2006:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1864:
1838:
1792:
1698:
1653:
1638:
1628:
1617:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1498:Oviraptorosauria
1487:Oviraptorosauria
1485:
1480:
1421:Nanshiungosaurus
1351:
1328:Jianchangosaurus
1297:
1290:
1285:
1122:
1053:
971:
965:Alvarezsauroidea
963:
946:
936:
925:
914:
903:
895:
884:
871:
813:
786:
777:
770:
769:
722:
707:
700:
693:
684:
677:
670:
664:
663:
653:
643:
615:
609:
594:
581:
574:
568:
567:
551:
541:
425:Iaceornis marshi
373:Smoky Hill Chalk
349:during the late
319:
294:
290:
254:
247:
142:
141:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3887:
3882:
3874:
3869:
3861:
3856:
3848:
3843:
3835:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3787:
3777:
3772:
3714:
3707:
3690:
3685:Tympanonesiotes
3678:Pseudodontornis
3641:Palaeochenoides
3562:Caspiodontornis
3546:Pelagornithidae
3537:
3498:
3454:
3396:
3373:
3341:
3317:
3290:
3273:
3247:
3227:
3189:
3131:
3126:Parahesperornis
3098:Asiahesperornis
3083:
3014:
2984:
2883:
2870:
2833:
2778:
2745:Archaeornithura
2727:
2688:
2650:
2620:
2373:Archaeorhynchus
2354:
2341:
2324:
2311:
2281:
2261:
2232:Ornithothoraces
2226:
2189:
2163:Changchengornis
2145:
2114:
2092:
2079:
2026:
1998:Anchiornithidae
1896:
1883:
1857:
1851:Dromaeosauridae
1840:Dromaeosauridae
1831:
1825:Anchiornithidae
1785:
1744:Liaoningvenator
1700:Anchiornithidae
1691:
1679:Scansoriopteryx
1646:
1591:
1578:
1561:
1524:
1504:
1461:
1456:Therizinosaurus
1392:
1340:
1335:Lingyuanosaurus
1292:Therizinosauria
1267:
1226:
1192:
1117:Parvicursorinae
1111:
1048:Alvarezsauridae
1042:
967:
955:
891:
878:
849:
829:
802:
796:Avemetatarsalia
781:Avemetatarsalia
771:
727:
726:
716:
711:
681:
680:
671:
667:
617:
616:
612:
595:
584:
575:
571:
564:
543:
542:
538:
533:
452:Apatornis celer
434:
411:Apatornis celer
360:Apatornis celer
299:
296:
292:Apatornis celer
288:
287:
274:
253:
245:
136:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3880:
3867:
3854:
3841:
3828:
3813:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Archaeornithes
3723:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3670:Protopelicanus
3666:
3659:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3634:Osteodontornis
3630:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:Dromornithidae
3527:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3465:
3463:Dromornithidae
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3438:Perplexicervix
3431:
3420:
3414:
3411:Incertae sedis
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3390:Pangalliformes
3383:
3381:
3379:Pangalliformes
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3304:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3148:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3023:Hesperornithes
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2995:
2993:Ichthyornithes
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2858:Similiyanornis
2854:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2808:
2800:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2697:Ambiortiformes
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2615:Zhongjianornis
2608:
2598:
2588:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2507:
2504:Jianchangornis
2497:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2365:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2255:Enantiornithes
2248:
2246:
2244:Enantiornithes
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2170:Confuciusornis
2166:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2133:Omnivoropteryx
2128:
2126:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2002:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1929:
1918:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1631:Pneumatoraptor
1624:
1613:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1428:Neimongosaurus
1424:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1187:Trierarchuncus
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1083:Bonapartenykus
1079:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1022:Shishugounykus
1018:
1011:
1004:
1001:Bonapartenykus
997:
990:
982:
974:
968:
960:
957:
956:
954:
953:
942:
932:
921:
910:
898:
892:
887:
880:
879:
874:
867:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
848:
847:
846:
845:
839:
837:
831:
830:
828:
827:
826:
825:
816:
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
799:
798:
789:
783:
773:
772:
768:
767:
758:
749:
740:
734:
725:
718:
717:
712:
710:
709:
702:
695:
687:
679:
678:
665:
610:
582:
569:
562:
535:
534:
532:
529:
433:
432:Classification
430:
325:
324:
323:
322:
308:
307:
301:
300:
298:(Marsh, 1873a)
297:
283:
282:
276:
275:
267:
265:
261:
260:
243:
239:
238:
233:
226:
225:
220:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3939:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3769:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3748:Odontornithes
3746:
3744:
3743:Odontognathae
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3711:
3705:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3472:Barawertornis
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3367:Anserimorphae
3364:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3356:Anserimorphae
3353:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3311:Palaeognathae
3308:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3300:Palaeognathae
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3271:
3266:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2979:Tingmiatornis
2973:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:Antarcticavis
2892:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:Yanornithidae
2836:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2812:Songlingornis
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:Longicrusavis
2756:
2754:
2753:
2752:Hongshanornis
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:Mengciusornis
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2629:Schizoouridae
2623:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2413:Changzuiornis
2407:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:Brevidentavis
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2308:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:Cretaaviculus
1930:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1811:Archaeopteryx
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1780:Yixianosaurus
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:Fujianvenator
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:Epidexipteryx
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:Beipiaosaurus
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1098:Heptasteornis
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1076:Alvarezsaurus
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:Achillesaurus
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
979:Achillesaurus
976:
975:
972:
969:
966:
958:
951:
950:
943:
941:
940:
933:
930:
929:
922:
919:
918:
911:
908:
907:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
885:
881:
877:
872:
868:
843:
842:
841:
840:
838:
836:
832:
824:
820:
819:
818:
817:
814:
811:
809:
805:
797:
793:
792:
791:
790:
787:
784:
782:
778:
774:
766:
762:
759:
757:
753:
750:
748:
744:
741:
739:
735:
733:
729:
728:
723:
719:
715:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
688:
685:
675:
669:
666:
661:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
623:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
573:
570:
565:
559:
555:
550:
549:
540:
537:
530:
528:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:differs from
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Ichthyornidae
467:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
431:
429:
427:
426:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
392:
390:
386:
385:United States
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
348:
347:North America
344:
341:
337:
333:
332:
318:
316:
312:
311:
309:
306:
302:
295:
293:
284:
281:
280:Binomial name
277:
273:
272:
271:A. celer
266:
263:
262:
257:
252:
251:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3912:Euornitheans
3792:
3758:Unenlagiidae
3683:
3676:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3620:Odontopteryx
3618:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3409:
3347:Galloanserae
3334:
3221:Lamarqueavis
3219:
3214:Cimolopteryx
3212:
3205:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3153:Australornis
3151:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3076:
3071:Pasquiaornis
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3007:
3000:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2927:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2804:Piscivoravis
2802:
2794:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2719:
2711:
2704:
2683:Patagopteryx
2681:
2673:
2666:
2643:
2636:
2613:
2603:
2595:Xinghaiornis
2593:
2582:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2544:Khinganornis
2542:
2532:
2522:
2514:Jiuquanornis
2512:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2463:Gargantuavis
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2403:Changmaornis
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2310:
2221:Jinguofortis
2219:
2212:
2205:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2138:
2131:
2105:
2074:Neimengornis
2072:
2065:
2059:Jixiangornis
2057:
2050:
2044:Dalianraptor
2042:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1986:
1978:Yandangornis
1976:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1913:
1877:Troodontidae
1866:Troodontidae
1823:
1818:Wellnhoferia
1816:
1809:
1801:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1730:Eosinopteryx
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1639:
1629:
1620:Palaeopteryx
1618:
1608:
1549:
1475:Pennaraptora
1454:
1447:
1440:
1435:Nothronychus
1433:
1426:
1419:
1414:Erlikosaurus
1412:
1407:Erliansaurus
1405:
1387:Suzhousaurus
1385:
1380:Martharaptor
1378:
1373:Enigmosaurus
1371:
1364:
1357:
1333:
1326:
1320:Fukuivenator
1318:
1311:
1305:Eshanosaurus
1303:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1241:Albertonykus
1239:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:Ceratonykini
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1159:Nemegtonykus
1157:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1035:
1029:Tugulusaurus
1027:
1020:
1013:
1008:Haplocheirus
1006:
999:
992:
984:
977:
947:
939:Migmanychion
937:
926:
917:Fukuivenator
915:
904:
760:
751:
742:
673:
668:
631:
627:
621:
613:
605:
601:
597:
580:5(2):161-162
577:
572:
547:
539:
521:Anseriformes
518:
513:
509:
506:modern birds
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
474:Odontotormae
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
445:
437:
435:
423:
419:Julia Clarke
414:
410:
398:
396:
393:
388:
359:
358:
330:
329:
328:
320:Marsh, 1873a
313:
291:
286:
270:
269:
249:
248:
229:
216:
203:
190:
177:
126:
125:Holotype of
24:
18:
3817:Wikispecies
3655:Proceriavis
3627:Odontoptila
3583:Gigantornis
3493:Ilbandornis
3428:Asteriornis
3169:Neogaeornis
3119:Hesperornis
3050:Chupkaornis
3002:Ichthyornis
2827:Yixianornis
2773:Tianyuornis
2721:Palintropus
2668:Alamitornis
2554:Meemannavis
2524:Juehuaornis
2443:Eogranivora
2383:Bellulornis
2207:Chongmingia
1957:Overoraptor
1947:Fukuipteryx
1610:Imperobator
1449:Segnosaurus
1214:Ceratonykus
1173:Parvicursor
1144:Khulsanurus
1137:Jaculinykus
1105:Patagonykus
1015:Patagonykus
949:Yaverlandia
889:Maniraptora
876:Maniraptora
835:Maniraptora
714:Maniraptora
622:Ichthyornis
598:Ichthyornis
510:Ichthyornis
502:Ichthyornis
494:Ichthyornis
486:Ichthyornis
465:Ichthyornis
446:Ichthyornis
417:. However,
345:endemic to
315:Ichthyornis
3906:Categories
3726:See also:
3648:Pelagornis
3516:Brontornis
3323:Neognathae
3242:see below↓
3207:Ceramornis
3177:Polarornis
3144:Vegaviidae
3112:Fumicollis
3078:Potamornis
3064:Judinornis
3057:Enaliornis
2881:Ornithurae
2851:Abitusavis
2645:Schizooura
2605:Yumenornis
2564:Platanavis
2534:Kaririavis
2484:Horezmavis
2423:Chaoyangia
2352:Euornithes
2339:Euornithes
2276:see below↓
2267:Euornithes
2214:Cratonavis
2090:Pygostylia
2067:Kompsornis
2052:Jeholornis
1988:Zhongornis
1915:Alcmonavis
1803:Alcmonavis
1773:Xiaotingia
1766:Serikornis
1709:Anchiornis
1665:Ambopteryx
1519:see below↓
1359:Alxasaurus
1248:Linhenykus
1232:Mononykini
1221:Xixianykus
1180:Qiupanykus
1166:Ondogurvel
1130:Dzharaonyx
1091:Bradycneme
1069:Alnashetri
844:see below↓
747:Dinosauria
634:: e13919.
563:0895770652
531:References
525:Ornithurae
351:Cretaceous
340:ornithuran
236:Ornithurae
197:Saurischia
184:Dinosauria
36:83.5
3823:Apatornis
3793:Apatornis
3753:Sauriurae
3733:Carinatae
3569:Cyphornis
3555:Aequornis
3524:Gastornis
3486:Genyornis
3479:Dromornis
3036:Baptornis
2969:Limenavis
2949:Iaceornis
2939:Guildavis
2929:Gallornis
2919:Cerebavis
2909:Apatornis
2713:Apsaravis
2706:Ambiortus
2675:Kuszholia
2140:Sapeornis
1967:Rahonavis
1759:Pedopenna
1641:Rahonavis
1313:Falcarius
1255:Mononykus
1207:Albinykus
1037:Xiyunykus
906:Elopteryx
823:Theropoda
808:Theropoda
756:Theropoda
730:Kingdom:
676:, 91-124.
602:Apatornis
514:Apatornis
490:Apatornis
482:Apatornis
438:Apatornis
415:Apatornis
389:synsacrum
369:Campanian
365:Santonian
343:dinosaurs
331:Apatornis
264:Species:
250:Apatornis
210:Theropoda
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
25:Apatornis
3808:Q4779241
3802:Wikidata
3768:Category
3576:Dasornis
3448:Qinornis
3105:Canadaga
3043:Brodavis
2865:Yanornis
2819:Yanornis
2796:Hollanda
2494:Iteravis
2474:Hollanda
2433:Dingavis
2184:Yangavis
2108:Proornis
1752:Ostromia
1716:Aurornis
1262:Shuvuuia
994:Bannykus
738:Chordata
736:Phylum:
732:Animalia
660:36545383
608:, 1-179.
498:A. celer
460:A. celer
399:A. celer
305:Synonyms
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
127:A. celer
3876:3605481
3863:1304579
3850:4852432
3832:Avibase
3590:Laornis
3336:Neoaves
3184:Vegavis
3009:Janavis
2584:Wyleyia
1894:Avialae
1723:Caihong
1589:Paraves
1576:Paraves
1510:Paraves
651:9762251
554:167–168
375:of the
355:species
289:†
268:†
258:, 1873b
242:Genus:
223:Avialae
105:↓
3161:Maaqwi
2959:Kookne
2574:Vorona
2453:Gansus
1925:Balaur
928:Kakuru
658:
648:
560:
381:Kansas
3889:36623
3858:IRMNG
986:Aorun
761:Clade
752:Clade
743:Clade
628:PeerJ
442:clade
336:genus
334:is a
317:celer
256:Marsh
230:Clade
217:Clade
204:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
3845:GBIF
3612:Manu
3388:see
3365:see
3309:see
2253:see
1875:see
1849:see
1496:see
821:see
794:see
656:PMID
600:and
558:ISBN
44:PreꞒ
1151:Kol
646:PMC
636:doi
379:in
338:of
3908::
3886::
3873::
3860::
3847::
3834::
3819::
3804::
1686:Yi
763::
754::
745::
654:.
644:.
632:10
630:.
626:.
585:^
556:.
527:.
458:.
428:.
383:,
357:,
232::
219::
206::
193::
180::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
3673:?
3658:?
3615:?
3593:?
3543:†
3534:?
3519:?
3504:†
3460:†
3451:?
3444:†
3434:†
3424:†
3224:?
3195:†
3172:?
3164:?
3156:?
3141:†
3020:†
2990:†
2975:†
2965:†
2955:†
2945:†
2935:†
2925:†
2915:†
2905:†
2901:?
2894:†
2839:†
2830:?
2822:?
2807:?
2799:?
2784:†
2733:†
2724:?
2716:?
2694:†
2678:?
2656:†
2626:†
2611:†
2601:†
2591:†
2587:?
2580:†
2570:†
2560:†
2550:†
2540:†
2530:†
2520:†
2510:†
2500:†
2490:†
2480:†
2470:†
2466:?
2459:†
2449:†
2439:†
2429:†
2419:†
2409:†
2399:†
2389:†
2379:†
2369:†
2241:†
2195:†
2151:†
2125:?
2120:†
2110:"
2106:"
2103:†
2062:?
2047:?
2032:†
2023:?
2016:†
2012:?
2005:†
2001:?
1994:†
1984:†
1974:†
1970:?
1963:†
1953:†
1943:†
1939:?
1932:†
1928:?
1921:†
1911:†
1863:†
1837:†
1828:?
1806:?
1791:†
1747:?
1697:†
1657:?
1652:†
1637:†
1627:†
1623:?
1616:†
1606:†
1484:†
1323:?
1308:?
1289:†
1154:?
1108:?
1086:?
1064:?
1032:?
989:?
962:†
952:?
945:†
935:†
931:?
924:†
920:?
913:†
909:?
902:†
706:e
699:t
692:v
662:.
638::
566:.
367:-
246:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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