534:, and the voting was conducted by assessing the loudness of shouting in the crowd. If the president was doubtful as to the majority of voices, a division was taken, and the votes were counted. The ekklesia simply accepted or rejected the proposals submitted to it. In later times, too, the actual debate was almost, if not wholly, confined to the kings, elders, ephors and perhaps the other magistrates. The apella voted on peace and war, treaties and foreign policy in general. It decided the king who should conduct a campaign and settled questions of disputed succession to the throne. It elected elders, ephors and other magistrates, emancipated
3765:
3775:
3785:
696:
523:(thirty elders, including the two kings). Meetings of the ekklesia should take place from time to time, and citizens should have the power to debate and take decisions. That right of the citizens was very soon limited. Kings Theopompus and Polydorus, probably during the 7th century BC, added to the "rhetra" that the kings and the elders (
470:
where the ekklesia originally met. They were organised once a month, with perhaps one more important feast once a year (called
Apellaios), during which elections were presumably organised. In later times, the two events (religious and political) were possibly split. Ancient sources use instead the
462:
The pre-War academic literature often refers to the
Spartan ekklesia as the apella. However, this word is never found in ancient sources in the singular, and never in a political context. The
554:
for life. Candidates were selected from the aristocrats and presented before the apella. The candidate who received the loudest applause became a member of the gerousia.
912:
503:
The meetings had in all probability taken place originally in the Agora but were later transferred to the neighbouring building, known as the Skias. According to
568:, the ekklesia did not debate; it merely approved or disapproved of measures. Moreover, the gerousia always had the power to veto the decision of the ekklesia.
717:
2512:
557:
The ekklesia also elected the five ephors annually. Ephors presided over meetings of the gerousia and the apella. They could not run for re-election.
387:
638:
1900:
905:
2522:
2212:
1905:
1839:
1910:
1885:
885:
708:
852:
3814:
3719:
2468:
1895:
1890:
847:
495:, which Plutarch tells it means "to assemble the people", but only in reference to Apollo, the god at the origins of the Rhetra.
2362:
2222:
2217:
1494:
785:
755:
3746:
2387:
898:
3298:
3809:
3741:
2791:
2307:
2227:
1925:
1635:
3714:
2243:
1697:
380:
3819:
2769:
2377:
2253:
1915:
1869:
1824:
1600:
1289:
737:
291:
269:
3308:
431:, the Spartan assembly had limited powers, as it did not debate; citizens could only vote for or against proposals.
3430:
3303:
2436:
2431:
2407:
2317:
1834:
932:
791:
3788:
3731:
2687:
2490:
2475:
2397:
2332:
1801:
1652:
1547:
1021:
955:
561:
424:
560:
The ephorate presented motions before the ekklesia. The ekklesia then voted on the motions. However, unlike the
2485:
2448:
2382:
2048:
1935:
3768:
2892:
2692:
2677:
2480:
2463:
2443:
2412:
2312:
2248:
1864:
1849:
1819:
1780:
1657:
1509:
1011:
373:
238:
109:
3726:
2729:
2500:
2458:
2392:
2357:
1809:
1793:
1489:
1430:
1279:
1274:
873:
676:
3778:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2972:
2662:
2402:
2372:
2327:
2322:
1953:
1920:
1722:
1627:
1613:
1269:
1140:
1104:
119:
483:
concluded in 418 or 417, which uses "ecclesia" for the
Spartan assembly. The confusion arose from the
3250:
3244:
3230:
2714:
2672:
2644:
2529:
2342:
1572:
1368:
299:
54:
3381:
3351:
2739:
2634:
2629:
2066:
1381:
1294:
1264:
1218:
981:
3774:
3598:
3495:
3401:
3045:
2962:
2850:
2352:
2176:
1692:
1672:
1529:
1400:
1284:
1079:
1006:
806:
516:
480:
3673:
3260:
2809:
2657:
2609:
2453:
2422:
2367:
2284:
2161:
2033:
1854:
1687:
1640:
1454:
1436:
1412:
1394:
1304:
1299:
950:
881:
3603:
3135:
3100:
2917:
2774:
2652:
2539:
2534:
1859:
1814:
1645:
1552:
1168:
1001:
986:
976:
701:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
428:
141:
76:
3643:
471:
word ecclesia to designate the political assembly of the
Spartans, like in any other Greek
3618:
3376:
3164:
2977:
2719:
2585:
2517:
1844:
1442:
1424:
1332:
1309:
1183:
1094:
1054:
991:
856:
264:
3500:
3440:
3435:
3391:
3172:
3120:
3110:
3090:
3080:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2299:
2279:
1667:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1448:
1248:
1223:
1135:
996:
921:
831:
439:
413:
409:
361:
356:
3803:
3736:
3653:
3628:
3318:
3240:
2922:
2865:
2764:
2754:
2724:
2706:
2580:
1732:
1514:
1406:
1362:
1324:
1163:
1084:
712:
702:
114:
91:
3553:
3505:
3371:
3225:
3095:
2734:
2570:
2076:
2038:
1737:
582:
508:
484:
351:
223:
63:
3573:
3465:
3445:
3278:
3273:
2781:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2667:
2624:
2171:
2081:
2071:
1958:
1948:
1712:
1089:
1064:
325:
3510:
3480:
3475:
3460:
3346:
3313:
2982:
2952:
2619:
2347:
2181:
2023:
2018:
2008:
1993:
1978:
1968:
1943:
1319:
1074:
1029:
860:
842:
476:
330:
259:
197:
172:
3485:
3411:
3396:
3366:
3361:
3293:
3217:
3202:
3187:
3130:
3030:
2682:
2614:
2186:
2166:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2091:
2086:
2056:
2003:
1963:
1742:
1608:
1562:
1542:
1349:
1173:
1044:
304:
254:
233:
192:
177:
157:
81:
530:
The presiding officers were at first the kings but in historical times the
3535:
3525:
3515:
3490:
3356:
3288:
3268:
3235:
3197:
3140:
3055:
3040:
2897:
2887:
2804:
2799:
2196:
2191:
2151:
2146:
2121:
2101:
2028:
1983:
1973:
1829:
1727:
1662:
1590:
1198:
801:
780:
750:
587:
551:
524:
520:
504:
488:
335:
286:
281:
228:
218:
187:
162:
126:
71:
3678:
3668:
3623:
3613:
3608:
3593:
3583:
3568:
3563:
3450:
3338:
3328:
3207:
3182:
3177:
3150:
3145:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3002:
2992:
2967:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2902:
2555:
2337:
1998:
1988:
1747:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1682:
1677:
1557:
1504:
1418:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1188:
1178:
721:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 160.
577:
463:
451:
320:
276:
86:
31:
17:
3648:
3578:
3558:
3520:
3386:
3192:
3085:
3022:
3012:
2957:
2575:
2560:
2156:
2141:
2116:
2111:
2096:
1757:
1752:
1519:
1499:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1099:
1059:
1049:
1034:
565:
512:
467:
447:
420:
182:
167:
47:
479:, who reproduces a verbatim sentence of a decree between Sparta and
732:
3658:
3633:
3530:
3470:
3455:
3323:
3283:
3035:
2947:
2942:
2912:
2907:
2882:
2565:
2106:
2061:
2013:
1585:
1537:
1238:
1208:
1155:
1130:
1069:
1039:
547:) at Sparta, but nothing is known as to its nature or competence.
535:
531:
472:
416:
213:
131:
890:
3663:
3638:
3588:
3075:
3065:
3703:
2845:
2274:
1778:
1125:
945:
894:
434:
In the pre-War literature, the assembly was often called the
610:, Vol. 2 (11th ed.), p. 160, is typical of the old view.
527:) could set aside any "crooked" decision of the people.
519:. The old aristocratic council was substituted by the
550:
The ekklesia was responsible for electing men to the
3544:
3421:
3410:
3337:
3259:
3216:
3163:
3021:
2873:
2864:
2790:
2705:
2643:
2598:
2548:
2499:
2421:
2298:
2236:
2205:
2047:
1934:
1878:
1800:
1626:
1599:
1571:
1528:
1476:
1318:
1257:
1154:
1020:
969:
541:
There is a single reference to a "small assembly" (
412:: ἐκκλησία) was the citizens' assembly in the
906:
381:
8:
454:, during which the ekklesia originally met.
767:
765:
542:
3700:
3418:
2870:
2861:
2842:
2602:
2505:
2295:
2271:
1788:
1775:
1482:
1151:
1122:
966:
942:
913:
899:
891:
388:
374:
38:
446:), but this word refers to a festival of
689:
687:
685:
475:. The most important mention comes from
599:
343:
312:
246:
205:
149:
101:
53:
46:
538:and perhaps voted on legal proposals.
735:: the genesis of the Spartan rhetra,
7:
3314:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
878:The Origins of the Peloponnesian War
620:
618:
616:
27:Citizens' assembly in ancient Sparta
606:Tod, "Apella", in Chisholm (ed.),
25:
3783:
3773:
3764:
3763:
848:History of the Peloponnesian War
694:
652:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
626:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
3784:
1:
1385:
1372:
1353:
1336:
707:Tod, Marcus Niebuhr (1911). "
2513:Funeral and burial practices
1698:Military of Mycenaean Greece
880:, London, Duckworth, 1972.
738:Journal of Hellenic Studies
3836:
2437:Greek Revival architecture
544:ἡ μικρὰ καλουμένη ἐκκλησία
29:
3759:
3710:
3699:
2860:
2841:
2605:
2508:
2294:
2270:
1845:Attalid kings of Pergamon
1791:
1787:
1774:
1653:Antigonid Macedonian army
1485:
1150:
1121:
965:
941:
928:
543:
443:
30:Not to be confused with
3815:Historical legislatures
718:Encyclopædia Britannica
608:Encyclopædia Britannica
110:List of Kings of Sparta
1879:Artists & scholars
1794:List of ancient Greeks
1431:Second Athenian League
1280:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1105:Ancient Greek colonies
874:G. E. M. de Ste. Croix
2998:Sybaris on the Traeis
1723:Sacred Band of Thebes
1463:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
977:Cycladic civilization
3810:Government of Sparta
2523:mythological figures
2244:Ancient Greek tribes
1369:Peloponnesian League
771:C. Mosse, p. 168-171
55:Spartan Constitution
2635:Tunnel of Eupalinos
2630:Theatre of Dionysus
2254:Ancient Macedonians
1870:Tyrants of Syracuse
1382:Amphictyonic League
982:Minoan civilization
466:were a festival of
42:Part of a series on
3820:Popular assemblies
3309:Menestheus's Limin
2963:Pandosia (Lucania)
2851:Greek colonisation
2213:Athenian statesmen
1974:Diogenes of Sinope
1835:Kings of Macedonia
1825:Kings of Commagene
1693:Macedonian phalanx
1673:Hellenistic armies
1421:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1285:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1007:Hellenistic Greece
741:114 (1994) 85-102.
425:famous counterpart
423:. Unlike its more
3797:
3796:
3755:
3754:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3261:Iberian Peninsula
3193:Lipara/Meligounis
3159:
3158:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2810:Cypriot syllabary
2701:
2700:
2610:Athenian Treasury
2594:
2593:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
1855:Ptolemaic dynasty
1815:Archons of Athens
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1641:Athenian military
1622:
1621:
1455:League of Corinth
1437:Thessalian League
1413:Chalcidian League
1395:Acarnanian League
1305:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
398:
397:
16:(Redirected from
3827:
3787:
3786:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3701:
3419:
2918:Heraclea Lucania
2871:
2862:
2843:
2603:
2535:Twelve Olympians
2506:
2296:
2272:
1860:Seleucid dynasty
1840:Kings of Paionia
1789:
1776:
1646:Scythian archers
1553:Graphe paranomon
1483:
1390:
1387:
1377:
1374:
1358:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1152:
1123:
1002:Classical Greece
987:Mycenaean Greece
967:
943:
915:
908:
901:
892:
812:
799:
793:
778:
772:
769:
760:
748:
742:
729:
723:
722:
700:
698:
697:
691:
680:
674:
668:
661:
655:
648:
642:
635:
629:
622:
611:
604:
546:
545:
445:
390:
383:
376:
39:
21:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3751:
3706:
3683:
3546:
3540:
3423:
3414:
3406:
3377:Melaina Korkyra
3333:
3255:
3212:
3165:Aeolian Islands
3155:
3017:
2875:
2856:
2855:
2829:
2786:
2697:
2639:
2590:
2544:
2495:
2417:
2408:Wedding customs
2290:
2289:
2258:
2249:Thracian Greeks
2232:
2223:Olympic victors
2201:
2043:
1930:
1874:
1865:Kings of Sparta
1850:Kings of Pontus
1820:Kings of Athens
1796:
1783:
1762:
1658:Army of Macedon
1618:
1595:
1567:
1524:
1472:
1445:(370–c. 230 BC)
1443:Arcadian League
1427:(c. 400–188 BC)
1425:Aetolian League
1419:Boeotian League
1401:Hellenic League
1388:
1375:
1365:(c. 650–404 BC)
1356:
1350:Italiote League
1343:
1339:
1333:Doric Hexapolis
1323:
1314:
1310:Seleucid Empire
1253:
1146:
1145:
1109:
1016:
992:Greek Dark Ages
961:
960:
937:
924:
919:
870:
857:Richard Crawley
826:
824:Ancient sources
821:
816:
815:
800:
796:
779:
775:
770:
763:
749:
745:
730:
726:
706:
695:
693:
692:
683:
675:
671:
662:
658:
649:
645:
636:
632:
623:
614:
605:
601:
596:
574:
501:
460:
394:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3833:
3831:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3111:Megara Hyblaea
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Hybla Gereatis
3088:
3083:
3081:Heraclea Minoa
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2825:Attic numerals
2822:
2820:Greek numerals
2817:
2815:Greek alphabet
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2469:Musical system
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2428:
2426:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:Mathematicians
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Kings of Argos
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Cretan archers
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1467:Achaean League
1464:
1461:Euboean League
1458:
1452:
1449:Epirote League
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1397:(c. 500–31 BC)
1392:
1379:
1366:
1360:
1347:
1329:
1327:
1325:Confederations
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1249:Lissus (Crete)
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:Archaic Greece
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
971:
963:
962:
959:
958:
953:
947:
946:
939:
938:
936:
935:
929:
926:
925:
922:Ancient Greece
920:
918:
917:
910:
903:
895:
889:
888:
869:
868:Modern sources
866:
865:
864:
840:
832:Parallel Lives
825:
822:
820:
817:
814:
813:
794:
773:
761:
743:
733:Crooked speech
724:
713:Chisholm, Hugh
681:
669:
656:
643:
630:
612:
598:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
573:
570:
500:
497:
459:
456:
396:
395:
393:
392:
385:
378:
370:
367:
366:
365:
364:
362:Spartan mirage
359:
354:
346:
345:
341:
340:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
315:
314:
310:
309:
308:
307:
302:
297:
296:
295:
289:
284:
274:
273:
272:
267:
262:
249:
248:
244:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
208:
207:
203:
202:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
152:
151:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
123:
122:
117:
104:
103:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3832:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3790:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3702:
3698:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Hemeroscopion
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Magna Graecia
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Arcadocypriot
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2693:Zeus, Olympia
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:Hera, Olympia
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Mount Olympus
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:Sacred places
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Olympic Games
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Homosexuality
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Seleucid army
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:Delian League
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1383:
1380:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:Ionian League
1361:
1351:
1348:
1344: 560 BC
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:Magna Graecia
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
968:
964:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
944:
940:
934:
931:
930:
927:
923:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:0-7156-0640-9
883:
879:
875:
872:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
828:
827:
823:
818:
810:
808:
803:
798:
795:
792:
789:
787:
782:
777:
774:
768:
766:
762:
759:
757:
752:
747:
744:
740:
739:
734:
728:
725:
720:
719:
714:
710:
704:
703:public domain
690:
688:
686:
682:
679:. iii. 12. 10
678:
673:
670:
666:
660:
657:
653:
647:
644:
640:
634:
631:
627:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
603:
600:
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
571:
569:
567:
563:
558:
555:
553:
548:
539:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:was given by
510:
506:
498:
496:
494:
491:, mentioning
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:Ancient Greek
411:
407:
403:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
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358:
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176:
174:
171:
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164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:
150:Social groups
148:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:
105:
100:
93:
92:Cleomenes III
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
67:
65:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3584:Dionysopolis
3554:Abonoteichos
3506:Pantikapaion
3096:Hybla Heraea
2432:Architecture
2388:Prostitution
2077:Aristophanes
1936:Philosophers
1906:Philosophers
1738:Spartan army
1580:
1469:(280–146 BC)
1457:(338–322 BC)
1451:(370–168 BC)
1439:(374–196 BC)
1433:(378–355 BC)
1415:(430–348 BC)
1409:(478–404 BC)
1403:(499–449 BC)
1090:Peloponnesus
1012:Roman Greece
877:
846:
836:
830:
819:Bibliography
805:
797:
784:
776:
754:
746:
736:
727:
716:
672:
664:
659:
651:
650:Ste. Croix,
646:
637:Thucydides,
633:
625:
624:Ste. Croix,
607:
602:
583:Great Rhetra
559:
556:
549:
540:
529:
509:Great Rhetra
502:
492:
461:
435:
433:
405:
401:
399:
352:Laconophilia
224:Spartan army
136:
68:Legislators
64:Great Rhetra
36:
3732:Place names
3644:Salmydessus
3466:Kalos Limen
3446:Chersonesus
3436:Borysthenes
3141:Tauromenion
2953:Metapontion
2715:Proto-Greek
2668:Erechtheion
2663:Athena Nike
2625:Philippeion
2454:Mathematics
2425:and science
2308:Agriculture
2172:Stesichorus
2082:Bacchylides
2072:Archilochus
1959:Antisthenes
1949:Anaximander
1921:Seven Sages
1911:Playwrights
1891:Geographers
1886:Astronomers
1713:Pezhetairos
1340: 1100
1320:Federations
1219:Megalopolis
1156:City states
1131:City states
853:translation
326:Gymnopaedia
120:Eurypontids
3804:Categories
3634:Polemonion
3511:Phanagoria
3481:Kimmerikon
3476:Kerkinitis
3461:Hermonassa
3451:Dioscurias
3347:Aspalathos
3294:Kalathousa
3269:Akra Leuke
3198:Phoenicusa
2983:Scylletium
2968:Poseidonia
2888:Brentesion
2775:Pamphylian
2770:Macedonian
2688:Samothrace
2673:Hephaestus
2620:Long Walls
2599:Structures
2540:Underworld
2486:Technology
2449:Literature
2383:Philosophy
2348:Euergetism
2237:By culture
2182:Thucydides
2024:Pythagoras
2019:Protagoras
2009:Parmenides
1994:Heraclitus
1979:Empedocles
1969:Democritus
1954:Anaximenes
1944:Anaxagoras
1896:Historians
1389: 595
1376: 550
1357: 800
1342: – c.
1270:Cappadocia
1075:Ionian Sea
1065:Hellespont
1030:Aegean Sea
861:Wikisource
843:Thucydides
829:Plutarch,
758:. VI, 1-2.
731:D. Ogden,
663:Plutarch,
493:apellazein
477:Thucydides
473:city-state
417:city-state
331:Hyacinthia
260:Ambologera
198:Partheniae
173:Neodamodes
158:Spartiates
102:Government
3720:in Epirus
3669:Trapezous
3614:Mesambria
3599:Eupatoria
3569:Apollonia
3564:Anchialos
3526:Theodosia
3496:Nymphaion
3486:Myrmekion
3456:Gorgippia
3412:Black Sea
3397:Tragurion
3382:Nymphaion
3367:Epidauros
3362:Epidamnos
3352:Apollonia
3329:Zacynthos
3251:Ptolemais
3245:Apollonia
3218:Cyrenaica
3208:Therassía
3203:Strongyle
3183:Ereikousa
3106:Leontinoi
3046:Apollonia
2923:Hipponion
2720:Mycenaean
2683:Parthenon
2615:Lion Gate
2518:Mythology
2481:Sculpture
2444:Astronomy
2378:Pederasty
2353:Festivals
2338:Education
2218:Lawgivers
2187:Timocreon
2167:Sophocles
2162:Simonides
2137:Philocles
2132:Panyassis
2127:Mimnermus
2092:Herodotus
2087:Euripides
2057:Aeschylus
2004:Leucippus
1964:Aristotle
1743:Strategos
1609:Synedrion
1563:Ostracism
1543:Areopagus
1495:Free city
1290:Macedonia
1174:Byzantion
1080:Macedonia
1045:Cyrenaica
1022:Geography
956:Geography
837:Lycurgus)
811:iii. 3. 8
654:, p. 346.
639:v. 77 § 1
628:, p. 347.
499:Structure
487:cited by
313:Festivals
305:Menelaion
255:Aphrodite
234:Xenelasia
193:Epeunacti
178:Trophimoi
82:Epitadeus
3769:Category
3747:Theatres
3674:Tripolis
3609:Kerasous
3604:Heraclea
3536:Tyritake
3491:Nikonion
3402:Thronion
3324:Salauris
3279:Emporion
3236:Berenice
3226:Balagrae
3178:Euonymos
3151:Tyndaris
3136:Syracuse
3131:Selinous
3101:Kamarina
3056:Casmenae
3041:Akrillai
2958:Neápolis
2893:Caulonia
2874:Mainland
2805:Linear B
2800:Linear A
2730:Dialects
2707:Language
2501:Religion
2459:Medicine
2393:Religion
2358:Folklore
2343:Emporium
2318:Clothing
2313:Calendar
2197:Xenophon
2192:Tyrtaeus
2177:Theognis
2152:Polybius
2147:Plutarch
2122:Menander
2102:Hipponax
2029:Socrates
1984:Epicurus
1830:Diadochi
1728:Sciritae
1688:Hetairoi
1663:Ballista
1628:Military
1591:Gerousia
1581:Ekklesia
1548:Ecclesia
1530:Athenian
1478:Politics
1391:–279 BC)
1378:–366 BC)
1359:–389 BC)
1295:Pergamon
1265:Bithynia
1258:Kingdoms
1199:Pergamon
1141:Military
1136:Politics
933:Timeline
790:VI,4,5
665:Lycurgus
588:Apellaia
572:See also
562:ecclesia
552:gerousia
525:gerousia
521:gerousia
517:Lycurgus
505:Plutarch
489:Plutarch
406:ekklesia
402:ecclesia
357:Laconism
336:Xanthika
300:Hyacinth
282:Caryatis
229:Syssitia
219:Crypteia
188:Sciritae
163:Perioeci
142:Navarchy
137:Ekklesia
132:Ephorate
127:Gerousia
72:Lycurgus
3789:Outline
3742:Temples
3679:Zaliche
3659:Thèrmae
3649:Sesamus
3619:Odessos
3594:Cytorus
3589:Cotyora
3339:Illyria
3304:Mainake
3299:Kypsela
3188:Hycesia
3146:Thermae
3126:Segesta
3116:Messana
3071:Helorus
3051:Calacte
3031:Akragas
2993:Sybaris
2978:Rhegion
2933:Krimisa
2883:Alision
2792:Writing
2765:Locrian
2755:Epirote
2725:Homeric
2658:Artemis
2645:Temples
2586:Olympia
2556:Eleusis
2491:Theatre
2476:Pottery
2403:Warfare
2398:Slavery
2333:Economy
2328:Cuisine
2323:Coinage
2300:Society
2285:Culture
2280:Society
2228:Tyrants
2067:Alcaeus
2049:Authors
1999:Hypatia
1989:Gorgias
1926:Writers
1748:Toxotai
1718:Sarissa
1708:Peltast
1703:Phalanx
1683:Hoplite
1678:Hippeis
1601:Macedon
1573:Spartan
1558:Heliaia
1505:Proxeny
1214:Larissa
1209:Kerkyra
1204:Eretria
1194:Miletus
1189:Ephesus
1184:Corinth
1179:Chalcis
1100:Taurica
970:Periods
951:History
715:(ed.).
705::
578:Apellai
464:Apellai
452:Apellai
321:Carneia
277:Artemis
206:Society
87:Agis IV
32:Apellai
3779:Portal
3727:People
3715:Cities
3654:Sinope
3639:Rhizos
3629:Phasis
3579:Bathus
3574:Athina
3559:Amisos
3521:Tanais
3516:Pityus
3441:Charax
3392:Pharos
3387:Orikon
3284:Helike
3274:Alonis
3241:Cyrene
3173:Didyme
3086:Himera
3061:Catana
3023:Sicily
3013:Thurii
3008:Terina
2973:Pixous
2928:Hydrus
2903:Croton
2735:Aeolic
2653:Aphaea
2576:Dodona
2561:Delphi
2530:Temple
2206:Others
2157:Sappho
2142:Pindar
2117:Lucian
2112:Ibycus
2097:Hesiod
2034:Thales
1802:Rulers
1781:People
1758:Xyston
1753:Xiphos
1614:Koinon
1520:Tyrant
1510:Stasis
1500:Koinon
1300:Pontus
1275:Epirus
1244:Sparta
1234:Rhodes
1229:Megara
1224:Thebes
1169:Athens
1095:Pontus
1060:Epirus
1050:Cyprus
1035:Aeolis
884:
786:Lycurg
756:Lycurg
711:". In
709:Apella
699:
566:Athens
536:helots
532:ephors
513:Pythia
485:Rhetra
468:Apollo
450:, the
448:Apollo
444:Ἀπέλλα
436:apella
429:Athens
421:Sparta
344:Legacy
292:Orthia
270:Temple
183:Mothax
168:Helots
115:Agiads
77:Chilon
48:Sparta
18:Apella
3737:Stoae
3705:Lists
3624:Oinòe
3547:coast
3545:South
3531:Tyras
3501:Olbia
3471:Kepoi
3424:coast
3422:North
3415:basin
3357:Aulon
3319:Rhode
3231:Barca
3121:Naxos
3076:Henna
3036:Akrai
3003:Taras
2988:Siris
2948:Medma
2943:Locri
2908:Cumae
2898:Chone
2876:Italy
2782:Koine
2760:Ionic
2750:Doric
2745:Attic
2566:Delos
2464:Music
2107:Homer
2062:Aesop
2014:Plato
1916:Poets
1586:Ephor
1538:Agora
1515:Tagus
1490:Boule
1239:Samos
1164:Argos
1070:Ionia
1055:Doris
1040:Crete
594:Notes
481:Argos
440:Greek
410:Greek
287:Isora
265:Areia
247:Cults
239:Women
214:Agoge
3664:Tium
3431:Akra
3372:Issa
3066:Gela
2938:Laüs
2913:Elea
2571:Dion
2423:Arts
2413:Wine
2039:Zeno
1636:Wars
882:ISBN
807:Hell
781:Plut
751:Plut
677:Paus
667:, 6.
507:, a
458:Name
400:The
2368:Law
859:on
855:by
802:Xen
564:in
515:to
427:in
419:of
404:or
3806::
1386:c.
1373:c.
1354:c.
1337:c.
876:,
863:).
845:,
804:.
783:.
764:^
753:.
684:^
615:^
442::
3247:)
3243:(
1384:(
1371:(
1352:(
1346:)
1335:(
1322:/
914:e
907:t
900:v
851:(
839:.
835:(
809:.
788:.
641:.
438:(
408:(
389:e
382:t
375:v
294:)
34:.
20:)
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