44:
445:, are among the most intelligent of animals. The brain-to-body mass ratio of adult scrub jays rivals that of chimpanzees and cetaceans, and is dwarfed only by that of humans. Scrub jays are also the only non-primate or non-dolphin shown to plan ahead for the future (known as metacognition), which was previously thought of as a uniquely human trait. Other studies have shown that they can remember locations of over 200 food caches, as well as the food item in each cache and its rate of decay. To protect their caches from pilfering conspecifics, scrub jays will choose locations out of sight of their competitors, or re-cache caches once they are alone, suggesting that they can take into account the perspective of others.
503:
821:
458:
519:
679:
886:
527:
242:
577:
108:
449:
cache-pilfering corvids) from a given area. However, jays have been observed employing raptor-mimicking calls without the presence of other birds, making the precise adaptive reason for this behavior unknown, though it may be two-fold. California scrub jays also summon others to screech over the body of a dead jay, according to research from the
University of California, Davis. The birds' cacophonous "funerals" can last for up to half an hour.
774:
83:
622:
511:
466:
fine roots and hair. Four to six eggs are laid from March through July, with some regional variations. There are two common shell color variations: pale green with irregular, olive-colored spots or markings; and pale grayish-white to green with reddish-brown spots. The female incubates the eggs for about 16 days. The young leave the nest about 18 days after hatching.
427:
instead of food, and hiding the cache once a scavenging bird is no longer watching; these behaviors are thought to vary based on the presence or absence of potential pilferers (like other corvids) as well as what kind of animal might pilfer the cache, implying strategic and socially complex motives behind different kinds of caching behavior.
465:
Nests are built low in trees or bushes, 1–10 m (3.3–32.8 ft) above the ground, primarily by the female, while the male guards her efforts. The nests are sturdy, with an outside diameter of 33–58 cm (13–23 in), constructed on a platform of twigs with moss and dry grasses lined with
421:
Anecdotally, scrub jays – and corvids more generally – are known for an attraction to, and thievery of, brightly colored objects. Recent research debunks, or at least casts doubt, on this idea. Corvids do, however, have a mischievous streak, and scrub jays are not above outright theft. They have been
409:
within their territories. They rely on highly accurate and complex memories to recover the hidden caches, often after long periods of time. In the process of collecting and storing this food, they have shown an ability to plan ahead in choosing cache sites to provide adequate food volume and variety
392:
California scrub jays usually forage in pairs, family groups, or small non-kin groups, outside of the breeding season. They feed on small animals, such as frogs and lizards, eggs and young of other birds, insects, and (particularly in winter) grains, nuts, and berries. They will also eat fruit and
354:
The
California scrub jay is a medium-sized bird, approximately 27–31 cm (11–12 in) in length (including its tail), with a 39 cm (15 in) wingspan, and about 80 g (2.8 oz) in weight. In general, this species has a blue head, wings, and tail; a gray-brown back; grayish
448:
Jays are able to mimic raptors like red-tailed and red-shouldered hawks with such accuracy that is can be difficult to distinguish between species using calls alone; possible explanations for this behavior include warning other jays about the presence of a predator or trying to deter birds (like
426:
caches. Some scrub jays snatch acorns from the hiding places of other jays. When these birds go to hide their own acorns, they check first that no other jays are watching. Other protection methods include moving the cache in the presence of an observer, storing inedible decoys like small stones
841:, with more intense purplish and brown coloration on head and back, respectively; prominent gray streaking on throat and distinct breast collar. Belly with smoky gray wash, lighter in the middle. Generally more intense coloration overall. Bill heavy.
790:
Blue of head usually strongly tinged purple. Back bluish-brownish gray, bluer towards the rump. Incomplete bluish-violet breast band. Underside greyish white, darker on the breast. Undertail coverts white tinged with blue. Thighs gray.
707:
but larger; color of head and neck varies in lightness and amount of purplish hue. Back grayish; undertail coverts usually white. Bill usually heavy but variable according to habitat type (less heavy in birds of pinyon woodland).
63:
548:
differ in plumage (paler blue above, with an indistinct and usually incomplete breast band) from
California scrub jay which is darker blue above with a strongly defined – but not necessarily complete – blue breast band.
1572:
Clayton, Nicola; Emery, Nathan & Dickinson, Anthony (2006). "The rationality of animal memory: Complex caching strategies of western scrub jays". In Hurley, Susan & Nudds, Matthew (eds.).
4221:
601:
group. Back usually quite brownish, underside and especially breast quite whitish, undertail coverts usually tinged pale blue or gray in males. Bill strong, wings and tail fairly short.
304:. The California scrub jay is nonmigratory and can be found in urban areas, where it can become tame and will come to bird feeders. While many refer to scrub jays as "blue jays", the
62:
4216:
4246:
4020:
1827:– University of Cambridge Comparative Psychology of Learning and Cognition Lab article on studies of the cognitive abilities of western scrub jays (Archived on the
538:
of a single "scrub jay" species. They are now believed to be distinct. Beyond the close relationship of the "California" and island scrub jays, resolution of their
4241:
4251:
4072:
4226:
4206:
1614:
Dalziell, Anastasia H.; Welbergen, Justin A.; Igic, Branislav; Magrath, Robert D. (30 July 2014). "Avian vocal mimicry: a unified conceptual framework".
43:
502:
4178:
3984:
4033:
1677:
Iglesias, T.L.; McElreath, R.; Patricelli, G.L. (2012). "Western scrub-jay funerals: Cacophonous aggregations in response to dead conspecifics".
1056:
820:
1105:
355:
underparts; and white eyebrows. The throat is whitish with a blue necklace. The call or "screech" is described as "harsh and scratchy".
1856:
1805:
641:, but head and back more intensely colored, with bright purplish tinge to blue of head. Color similar to nominate, thus darker than
381:
1312:
Shephard, T. V.; Lea, S. E. G.; Hempel De Ibarra, N. (2015). "'The thieving magpie'? No evidence for attraction to shiny objects".
1022:
4236:
51:
457:
845:
1824:
338:κόμη) "hair", in reference to the lack of striped or banded feathers in this genus, compared to other jays. The species name,
1583:
4038:
1154:
Raby, C. R.; D. M. Alexis; A. Dickinson; N. S. Clayton (22 February 2007). "Planning for the future by western scrub-jays".
1377:
1460:"Current desires of conspecifi c observers affect cache-protection strategies in California scrub-jays and Eurasian jays"
3885:
3935:
2008:
1018:
474:
The life span of wild
California scrub jays is approximately 9 years. The oldest known western scrub jay was found in
107:
4077:
3876:
926:
873:
518:
406:
1713:
3486:
3477:
2247:
930:
491:
4231:
4085:
2187:
3413:
2433:
545:
285:
514:
Note bright white plume breaking the breast band. Prominent markings in eye region are typical of male birds.
669:
219:
4090:
418:. Food-storing birds implement a number of strategies to protect their caches from potential 'pilferers.'
3922:
3838:
2376:
2238:
2139:
1849:
885:
716:
712:
613:
4124:
3940:
3108:
2256:
2068:
976:
752:
202:
2508:
678:
877:
3914:
3896:
3711:
2972:
2565:
2367:
2358:
2196:
2117:
2108:
1528:
1471:
1270:
1163:
657:
281:
526:
4211:
3552:
3297:
2857:
2812:
2716:
2610:
2556:
2349:
2265:
2178:
2059:
869:
720:
475:
72:
4064:
3783:
3765:
3738:
3720:
3165:
3138:
2990:
2866:
2662:
2517:
2499:
2229:
2205:
1738:
1694:
1664:
1647:
1554:
1422:
1347:
1294:
1187:
1136:
922:
748:
728:
343:
102:
4129:
3999:
853:
4051:
4025:
3901:
576:
4111:
3958:
3633:
3579:
3543:
3431:
3422:
3072:
2936:
2848:
2761:
2698:
2689:
2490:
2480:
1962:
1842:
1801:
1639:
1631:
1579:
1546:
1517:"Western scrub-jays anticipate future needs independently of their current motivational state"
1497:
1440:
1414:
1339:
1286:
1239:
1179:
1128:
1052:
1046:
736:
724:
609:
436:
297:
1599:
James, Ross D. (1988). "Blue Jays Mimic the Calls of Red-shouldered and Broad-winged Hawks".
4116:
3927:
3729:
3651:
3588:
3519:
3404:
3045:
2981:
2752:
2671:
2077:
1818:
1773:
1730:
1721:
1686:
1665:
Scrub jays react to their dead, bird study shows: 'Funerals' can last for up to half an hour
1623:
1536:
1487:
1479:
1430:
1406:
1329:
1321:
1278:
1229:
1221:
1171:
1120:
1026:
971:
857:
803:
423:
293:
269:
241:
1210:"Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist"
4098:
3624:
3606:
3221:
3211:
3081:
3054:
2583:
2574:
2312:
2041:
2032:
1828:
953:
861:
773:
487:
410:
for the future. Western scrub jays are also able to rely on their accurate observational
4142:
1532:
1475:
1365:
1274:
1214:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1167:
1079:
3669:
3440:
3288:
2725:
2592:
2321:
2086:
1999:
1492:
1459:
1435:
1394:
1234:
1209:
1045:
Arlott, N.; van Perlo, B.; Carrizo, G.; Mata, J.R.R.; Chiappe, A.A.; Huber, L. (2021).
811:
807:
415:
1002:
Curry, Robert L.; Peterson, A. Townsend & Langen, T.A. (2002): Western Scrub Jay (
597:
due to gene flow from inland populations. Blue of head and neck less purplish than in
17:
4200:
4046:
3774:
3756:
3063:
3036:
2884:
2782:
2680:
1953:
1908:
1778:
1757:
1651:
1573:
962:
849:
740:
665:
324:
265:
92:
87:
1834:
1698:
1298:
1140:
4169:
3660:
3597:
3344:
3117:
3011:
2954:
2902:
2830:
2791:
2734:
2707:
2547:
2303:
2169:
2050:
1558:
1258:
1191:
478:, in 1991 and raised in captivity. "Aaron" lived to be 19 years, and 8 months old.
368:
True to its name, the
California scrub jay inhabits areas of low scrub, preferring
3963:
3950:
1690:
1351:
1395:"Problems Faced by Food-Caching Corvids and the Evolution of Cognitive Solutions"
61:
4059:
4007:
3870:
3687:
3570:
3464:
3449:
3353:
3174:
2963:
2945:
2911:
2893:
2839:
2601:
2023:
744:
732:
661:
621:
605:
441:
Recent research has suggested that western scrub jays, along with several other
369:
510:
4137:
3805:
3615:
3534:
3501:
3382:
3335:
3326:
3090:
2875:
2821:
2336:
1990:
1902:
1896:
1541:
1516:
1483:
1325:
653:, blue areas more purplish and brighter, breast darker than rest of underside.
535:
273:
179:
3861:
1756:
Rice, Nathan H.; Martínez-Meyer, Enrique & Peterson, A. Townsend (2003).
1635:
1418:
1380:? Kaeli Swift. CorvidResearch.blog. 4 December 2015. Retrieved on 2021-08-01.
506:
California scrub jay showing the well-marked breast band of the coastal races
3747:
3702:
3678:
3642:
3561:
3279:
3156:
3147:
3099:
2743:
1282:
792:
539:
534:
Woodhouse's, California, Island, and
Florida scrub jay were once considered
261:
159:
119:
1643:
1550:
1501:
1444:
1410:
1343:
1290:
1243:
1225:
1183:
1132:
699:
Quite variable according to the extent of gene flow between this taxon and
1106:"Mental Time Travel: Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?"
4163:
4103:
3855:
3510:
3254:
3192:
2465:
2294:
2220:
1924:
1884:
1878:
1866:
305:
169:
139:
1426:
1175:
799:
dark blue, the larger feathers duller. Bill heavy, tip strongly hooked.
4183:
3989:
3909:
3202:
2398:
1980:
1742:
1334:
796:
442:
402:
373:
4012:
1627:
2639:
2537:
2159:
1944:
1259:"Food-caching western scrub-jays keep track of who was watching when"
865:
756:
411:
277:
129:
3976:
3832:
1734:
1124:
1030:
906:. Bill not as heavy. Apparently an isolate of hybrid origin between
1797:
Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays and magpies of the world
1368:
Kevin J. McGowan, Cornell Lab of
Ornithology. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
3971:
525:
517:
509:
501:
456:
321:
2629:
1890:
1667:. Sciencedaily.com (11 September 2012). Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
149:
3836:
3251:
2462:
1921:
1838:
1025:, Washington, D.C. Online version, retrieved 25 February 2007.
3372:
3316:
2284:
593:
A large subspecies. Somewhat duller and lighter in color than
377:
1714:"A fossil scrub-jay supports a recent systematic decision"
1104:
Clayton, N. S.; Bussey, T. J. & Dickinson, A. (2003).
1048:
The
Complete Birds of the World: Every Species Illustrated
1257:
Dally, J. M.; Emery, N. J. & Clayton, N. S. (2006).
1208:
Clayton, N. S.; Dally, J. M. & Emery, N. J. (2007).
1366:
https://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm#shiny
4153:
3845:
3796:
3700:
3532:
3499:
3462:
3380:
3370:
3324:
3314:
3277:
3268:
3200:
3191:
2637:
2627:
2545:
2534:
2488:
2479:
2424:
2415:
2389:
2334:
2292:
2282:
2218:
2167:
2156:
2130:
2099:
2021:
1988:
1979:
1942:
1935:
977:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103727785A112293863.en
405:, exploit ephemeral surpluses by storing food in
284:. The California scrub jay was once lumped with
1378:Crow curiosities: Do crows collect shiny objects
486:Populations are being adversely affected by the
4222:Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
1515:Correia, SP; Dickinson, A; Clayton, NS (2007).
1399:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences
1850:
1578:. Oxford University Press. pp. 197–216.
8:
1393:Grodzinski, Uri; Clayton, Nicola S. (2010).
54:, Richmond, Contra Costa County, California
1051:. Princeton University Press. p. 388.
3833:
3377:
3321:
3274:
3265:
3248:
3197:
2634:
2542:
2485:
2476:
2459:
2421:
2289:
2164:
1985:
1939:
1932:
1918:
1857:
1843:
1835:
1203:
1201:
240:
81:
59:
42:
33:
4217:Native birds of the Western United States
1777:
1766:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1758:"Ecological niche differentiation in the
1540:
1491:
1434:
1333:
1233:
975:
552:The following subspecies are recognized:
308:is a different species of bird entirely.
4247:Least concern biota of the United States
554:
522:California scrub jay fledgling being fed
998:
996:
994:
944:
401:California scrub jays, like many other
1040:
1038:
4242:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
1388:
1386:
848:, some isolated mountain ranges in W
384:. It also inhabits suburban gardens.
292:. The group was also lumped with the
7:
4252:Least concern biota of North America
4227:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
4207:IUCN Red List least concern species
1795:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1994):
963:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
542:history has proven very difficult.
300:; the taxon was then called simply
780:Aphelocoma californica californica
414:to steal food from caches made by
29:Species of bird in the crow family
25:
1819:Western scrub jay Species Account
1762:jays: a phylogenetic perspective"
1010:Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.):
902:Smaller, lighter and grayer than
685:Aphelocoma californica oocleptica
393:vegetables growing in backyards.
1825:It takes a thief to know a thief
1779:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00242.x
1364:Do crows collect shiny objects?
884:
819:
772:
677:
620:
575:
330:(from ἀφελής-) "simple" + Latin
106:
52:Sobrante Ridge Regional Preserve
952:BirdLife International (2017).
846:Little San Bernardino Mountains
844:Coastal SW California, east to
490:, particularly in California's
1023:American Ornithologists' Union
827:Aphelocoma californica obscura
628:Aphelocoma californica caurina
583:Aphelocoma californica immanis
530:California scrub jay in flight
422:observed stealing acorns from
1:
2009:Black racket-tailed treepie (
1691:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.08.007
802:California Coast Ranges from
759:), where it intergrades with
731:and surrounding mountains to
1821:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1113:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
692:Nicasio scrub jay (includes
288:and collectively called the
3487:White-throated Magpie-jay (
3478:Black-throated magpie-jay (
2248:Yellow-billed blue magpie (
1019:Academy of Natural Sciences
892:Aphelocoma californica cana
461:Juvenile in California, USA
4268:
2188:Indochinese green magpie (
1712:Emslie, Steven D. (1996).
1012:The Birds of North America
970:: e.T103727785A112293863.
668:; eastern limit the inner
434:
268:. It ranges from southern
3264:
3247:
2475:
2458:
1931:
1917:
1873:
1865:Extant species of family
1799:. A&C Black, London.
1542:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.063
1484:10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.020
1326:10.1007/s10071-014-0794-4
1021:, Philadelphia, PA &
931:Joshua Tree National Park
280:near Reno to west of the
239:
232:
227:
208:
201:
103:Scientific classification
101:
79:
70:
58:
50:
41:
36:
2239:Red-billed blue magpie (
2140:Ratchet-tailed treepie (
899:Eagle Mountain scrub jay
860:). Southwards through N
837:Smaller and darker than
4237:Birds described in 1839
3414:Woodhouse's scrub jay (
3109:Hispaniolan palm crow (
2434:Stresemann's bushcrow (
2257:Sri Lanka blue magpie (
2069:White-bellied treepie (
1283:10.1126/science.1126539
874:Sierra San Pedro Mártir
703:. Generally similar to
670:California Coast Ranges
656:Coastal SW Oregon from
649:. Relative to nominate
382:mixed evergreen forests
346:for "from California".
4143:Aphelocoma-californica
3902:Aphelocoma_californica
3877:Aphelocoma californica
3847:Aphelocoma californica
3712:Silvery-throated jay (
3396:California scrub jay (
2973:Eastern carrion crow (
2566:Yellow-billed magpie (
2368:Turkestan ground jay (
2359:Mongolian ground jay (
2197:Bornean green magpie (
2118:Bornean black magpie (
2109:Malayan black magpie (
1411:10.1098/rstb.2009.0210
1226:10.1098/rstb.2006.1992
1080:"California Scrub-Jay"
1004:Aphelocoma californica
956:Aphelocoma californica
614:Douglas County, Oregon
531:
523:
515:
507:
462:
257:Aphelocoma californica
212:Aphelocoma californica
18:Aphelocoma californica
4155:Garrulus californicus
4125:Paleobiology Database
3553:Purplish-backed jay (
3298:Azure-winged magpie (
2858:Eastern jungle crow (
2813:Slender-billed crow (
2717:New Caledonian crow (
2611:Black-rumped magpie (
2557:Black-billed magpie (
2350:Xinjiang ground jay (
2266:White-winged magpie (
2179:Common green magpie (
2060:Black-faced treepie (
546:Woodhouse's scrub jay
529:
521:
513:
505:
460:
286:Woodhouse's scrub jay
37:California scrub jay
4000:california-scrub-jay
3784:White-collared jay (
3766:Black-throated jay (
3739:White-throated jay (
3721:Black-collared jay (
3166:Thick-billed raven (
3139:White-necked raven (
2991:Brown-necked raven (
2867:Indian jungle crow (
2518:Kashmir nutcracker (
2509:Clark's nutcracker (
2500:Spotted nutcracker (
2377:Iranian ground jay (
2230:Taiwan blue magpie (
2206:Javan green magpie (
1603:. April 1988: 11–14.
1458:Ostojić, L. (2017).
787:California scrub jay
380:woods, and edges of
252:California scrub jay
3634:Bushy-crested jay (
3580:Plush-crested jay (
3544:Black-chested jay (
3432:Transvolcanic jay (
3423:Florida scrub jay (
3073:White-necked crow (
2937:Mesopotamian crow (
2849:Large-billed crow (
2762:White-billed crow (
2699:Bougainville crow (
2690:Brown-headed crow (
1963:Red-billed chough (
1533:2007CBio...17..856C
1476:2017CBio...27..R51O
1275:2006Sci...312.1662D
1176:10.1038/nature05575
1168:2007Natur.445..919R
834:Belding's scrub jay
729:San Joaquin Valleys
476:Castaic, California
194:A. californica
73:Conservation status
3730:Azure-hooded jay (
3652:White-tailed jay (
3589:Curl-crested jay (
3405:Island scrub jay (
3046:Chihuahuan raven (
2982:Fan-tailed raven (
2753:Long-billed crow (
2672:Australian raven (
2078:Sumatran treepie (
1616:Biological Reviews
923:single-leaf pinyon
749:Virginia Mountains
723:, Oregon, through
694:A. c. superciliosa
590:Interior scrub jay
532:
524:
516:
508:
463:
316:The generic name,
264:native to western
260:) is a species of
4194:
4193:
4112:Open Tree of Life
3839:Taxon identifiers
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3625:Azure-naped jay (
3607:White-naped jay (
3366:
3365:
3310:
3309:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3187:
3186:
3082:Cuban palm crow (
3075:C. leucognaphalus
3055:Tamaulipas crow (
3039:C. brachyrhynchos
2623:
2622:
2584:Oriental magpie (
2575:Eurasian magpie (
2530:
2529:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2411:
2410:
2313:Lanceolated jay (
2278:
2277:
2241:U. erythrorhyncha
2152:
2151:
2042:Bornean treepie (
2033:Andaman treepie (
1975:
1974:
1808:
1628:10.1111/brv.12129
1575:Rational Animals?
1405:(1542): 977–987.
1162:(7130): 919–921.
1058:978-0-691-19392-2
937:
936:
896:
831:
784:
737:San Francisco Bay
689:
632:
610:Willamette Valley
587:
437:Bird intelligence
298:Florida scrub jay
290:western scrub jay
248:
247:
96:
64:
16:(Redirected from
4259:
4187:
4186:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4146:
4145:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4107:
4106:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4080:
4068:
4067:
4055:
4054:
4042:
4041:
4029:
4028:
4016:
4015:
4003:
4002:
3993:
3992:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3966:
3954:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3931:
3930:
3918:
3917:
3915:151C2B3F0AB3B30F
3905:
3904:
3892:
3891:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3834:
3808:G. cyanocephalus
3670:Violaceous jay (
3636:C. melanocyaneus
3471:
3441:Unicolored jay (
3389:
3378:
3322:
3289:Iberian magpie (
3275:
3266:
3259:
3249:
3198:
3168:C. crassirostris
3135:
3131:Tropical African
3033:
3029:Central American
3008:
2933:
2851:C. macrorhynchos
2809:
2779:
2726:Torresian crow (
2692:C. fuscicapillus
2659:
2635:
2593:Maghreb magpie (
2543:
2520:N. multipunctata
2502:N. caryocatactes
2486:
2477:
2470:
2460:
2422:
2343:
2290:
2165:
2087:Rufous treepie (
2000:Hooded treepie (
1986:
1940:
1933:
1919:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1836:
1800:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1685:(5): 1103–1111.
1679:Animal Behaviour
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1544:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1337:
1314:Animal Cognition
1309:
1303:
1302:
1269:(5780): 1662–5.
1254:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1220:(1480): 507–22.
1205:
1196:
1195:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1110:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1042:
1033:
1000:
989:
988:
986:
984:
979:
949:
894:
888:
878:Todos Santos Bay
870:Sierra de Juárez
858:San Diego County
829:
823:
804:San Mateo County
782:
776:
687:
681:
660:valley south to
630:
624:
585:
579:
555:
424:acorn woodpecker
412:spatial memories
407:scattered caches
294:island scrub jay
270:British Columbia
244:
214:
111:
110:
90:
85:
84:
66:
65:
46:
34:
21:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4232:Birds of Mexico
4197:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4182:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4099:Observation.org
4097:
4089:
4084:
4076:
4071:
4063:
4058:
4050:
4045:
4037:
4032:
4024:
4019:
4011:
4006:
3998:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3975:
3970:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3884:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3841:
3831:
3814:
3792:
3775:Turquoise jay (
3757:Beautiful jay (
3696:
3663:C. sanblasianus
3591:C. cristatellus
3528:
3520:Steller's jay (
3495:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3425:A. coerulescens
3387:
3386:
3362:
3356:P. internigrans
3306:
3270:
3260:
3257:
3231:
3222:Western jackdaw
3212:Daurian jackdaw
3183:
3128:
3118:Sinaloan crow (
3064:Jamaican crow (
3048:C. cryptoleucus
3037:American crow (
3022:
3001:
2922:
2885:Collared crow (
2860:C. levaillantii
2802:
2783:Hawaiian crow (
2772:
2719:C. moneduloides
2681:Bismarck crow (
2648:
2619:
2536:
2526:
2471:
2468:
2442:
2417:
2407:
2385:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2274:
2250:U. flavirostris
2214:
2158:
2148:
2126:
2095:
2017:
1971:
1954:Alpine chough (
1927:
1913:
1869:
1863:
1829:Wayback Machine
1815:
1792:
1790:Further reading
1787:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1735:10.2307/1369850
1716:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1521:Current Biology
1514:
1513:
1509:
1464:Current Biology
1457:
1456:
1452:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1125:10.1038/nrn1180
1108:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1031:10.2173/bna.712
1001:
992:
982:
980:
951:
950:
946:
942:
921:Only occurs in
862:Baja California
743:. Eastwards to
666:Sonoma Counties
500:
488:West Nile virus
484:
472:
455:
439:
433:
399:
390:
366:
361:
352:
320:, derives from
314:
223:
216:
210:
197:
105:
97:
86:
82:
75:
60:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4175:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4134:
4121:
4108:
4095:
4082:
4069:
4056:
4043:
4030:
4017:
4004:
3994:
3981:
3968:
3955:
3945:
3932:
3919:
3906:
3893:
3882:
3867:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:C. viridicyana
3781:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3714:C. argentigula
3708:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:C. yucatanicus
3685:
3676:
3667:
3661:San Blas jay (
3658:
3649:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3598:Purplish jay (
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3434:A. ultramarina
3429:
3420:
3416:A. woodhouseii
3411:
3402:
3398:A. californica
3392:
3390:
3375:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3351:
3345:Siberian jay (
3342:
3332:
3330:
3319:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3252:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3208:
3206:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3066:C. jamaicensis
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3019:
3018:
3012:Common raven (
3009:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2955:Carrion crow (
2952:
2943:
2934:
2919:
2918:
2909:
2903:Banggai crow (
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2831:Palawan crow (
2828:
2819:
2810:
2805:Tropical Asian
2799:
2798:
2792:Mariana crow (
2789:
2785:C. hawaiiensis
2780:
2775:Pacific island
2769:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2735:Forest raven (
2732:
2723:
2714:
2708:Little raven (
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2645:
2643:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:P. bottanensis
2608:
2599:
2595:P. mauritanica
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2463:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:Z. stresemanni
2430:
2428:
2426:Zavattariornis
2419:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2319:
2315:G. lanceolatus
2310:
2304:Eurasian jay (
2300:
2298:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2115:
2111:P. leucopterus
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2080:D. occipitalis
2075:
2071:D. leucogastra
2066:
2057:
2051:Grey treepie (
2048:
2044:D. cinerascens
2039:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:P. pyrrhocorax
1960:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1814:
1813:External links
1811:
1810:
1809:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1772:(3): 369–383.
1748:
1729:(4): 675–680.
1704:
1669:
1657:
1622:(2): 643–668.
1606:
1591:
1584:
1564:
1527:(10): 856–61.
1507:
1450:
1382:
1370:
1357:
1320:(1): 393–397.
1304:
1249:
1197:
1146:
1096:
1071:
1057:
1034:
990:
943:
941:
938:
935:
934:
927:Eagle Mountain
919:
900:
897:
889:
881:
880:
842:
835:
832:
824:
816:
815:
812:Ventura County
808:Alameda County
800:
788:
785:
783:(Vigors, 1839)
777:
769:
768:
709:
697:
690:
682:
674:
673:
654:
635:
633:
625:
617:
616:
602:
591:
588:
586:Grinnell, 1901
580:
572:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
499:
496:
492:Central Valley
483:
480:
471:
468:
454:
451:
435:Main article:
432:
429:
398:
395:
389:
386:
365:
362:
360:
357:
351:
348:
313:
310:
246:
245:
237:
236:
230:
229:
225:
224:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
80:
77:
76:
71:
68:
67:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4264:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3688:Yucatan jay (
3686:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3654:C. mystacalis
3650:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3609:C. cyanopogon
3605:
3603:
3601:
3600:C. cyanomelas
3596:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3571:Cayenne jay (
3569:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3470:(Magpie-Jays)
3467:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3452:A. wollweberi
3450:Mexican jay (
3448:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3354:Sichuan jay (
3352:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3338:P. canadensis
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3175:Somali crow (
3173:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3141:C. albicollis
3137:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3102:C. ossifragus
3098:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:C. ruficollis
2989:
2987:
2985:
2984:C. rhipidurus
2980:
2978:
2976:
2975:C. orientalis
2971:
2969:
2967:
2966:C. frugilegus
2962:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2946:Hooded crow (
2944:
2942:
2940:
2939:C. capellanus
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:North African
2926:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:Violet crow (
2910:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2894:Piping crow (
2892:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2869:C. culminatus
2865:
2863:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2840:Flores crow (
2838:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2824:C. samarensis
2820:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2737:C. tasmanicus
2733:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2674:C. coronoides
2670:
2668:
2666:
2663:Little crow (
2661:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2602:Asir magpie (
2600:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2511:N. columbiana
2507:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2361:P. hendersoni
2357:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2342:(Ground jays)
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2322:Lidth's jay (
2320:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2306:G. glandarius
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2268:U. whiteheadi
2264:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2208:C. thalassina
2204:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1909:Passeriformes
1906:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:0-7136-3999-7
1803:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1601:Ontario Birds
1595:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:(8): 685–91.
1118:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
995:
991:
978:
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
957:
948:
945:
939:
932:
928:
924:
920:
917:
913:
909:
908:A. c. obscura
905:
901:
898:
895:Pitelka, 1951
893:
890:
887:
883:
882:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:Mojave Desert
847:
843:
840:
836:
833:
830:Anthony, 1889
828:
825:
822:
818:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Washoe County
750:
746:
742:
741:Alpine County
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:Lake Counties
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
695:
691:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
634:
631:Pitelka, 1951
629:
626:
623:
619:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
596:
592:
589:
584:
581:
578:
574:
573:
570:Distribution
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
553:
550:
547:
543:
541:
537:
528:
520:
512:
504:
497:
495:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
469:
467:
459:
452:
450:
446:
444:
438:
430:
428:
425:
419:
417:
413:
408:
404:
396:
394:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
358:
356:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
325:Ancient Greek
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Sierra Nevada
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:North America
263:
259:
258:
253:
243:
238:
235:
231:
226:
221:
215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:Passeriformes
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
94:
89:
88:Least Concern
78:
74:
69:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
19:
4154:
3846:
3807:
3806:Pinyon jay (
3797:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3741:C. mirabilis
3740:
3732:C. cucullata
3731:
3723:C. armillata
3722:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3680:
3672:C. violaceus
3671:
3662:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3627:C. heilprini
3626:
3617:
3616:Tufted jay (
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3564:C. caeruleus
3563:
3554:
3545:
3533:
3521:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3479:
3463:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3407:A. insularis
3406:
3397:
3395:
3388:(Scrub jays)
3381:
3355:
3347:P. infaustus
3346:
3337:
3336:Canada jay (
3325:
3299:
3290:
3278:
3269:Azure-winged
3225:
3216:C. dauuricus
3215:
3201:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3091:Cuban crow (
3083:
3074:
3065:
3057:C. imparatus
3056:
3047:
3038:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3003:
3002:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2914:C. violaceus
2913:
2904:
2895:
2887:C. torquatus
2886:
2878:C. splendens
2877:
2876:House crow (
2868:
2859:
2850:
2842:C. florensis
2841:
2832:
2823:
2822:Small crow (
2814:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2784:
2774:
2773:
2764:C. woodfordi
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2683:C. insularis
2682:
2673:
2664:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2612:
2604:P. asirensis
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2546:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2489:
2435:
2425:
2416:Stresemann's
2400:
2390:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2352:P. biddulphi
2351:
2335:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2293:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2198:
2190:C. hypoleuca
2189:
2181:C. chinensis
2180:
2168:
2141:
2131:
2120:P. aterrimus
2119:
2110:
2100:
2089:D. vagabunda
2088:
2079:
2070:
2062:D. frontalis
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2022:
2010:
2002:C. cucullata
2001:
1989:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1901:Superorder:
1796:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1726:
1720:
1707:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1660:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1600:
1594:
1574:
1567:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1470:(2): 51–53.
1467:
1463:
1453:
1402:
1398:
1373:
1360:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1217:
1213:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1116:
1112:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1047:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
981:. Retrieved
967:
961:
955:
947:
915:
911:
907:
903:
891:
838:
826:
779:
764:
760:
704:
700:
693:
688:Swarth, 1918
684:
650:
646:
642:
638:
627:
608:through the
598:
594:
582:
551:
544:
540:evolutionary
533:
485:
473:
464:
447:
440:
431:Intelligence
420:
416:conspecifics
400:
397:Food storing
391:
367:
353:
339:
335:
334:(from Greek
331:
327:
317:
315:
301:
289:
276:and western
256:
255:
251:
249:
233:
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
31:
26:
4086:Neotropical
4060:NatureServe
4008:iNaturalist
3871:Wikispecies
3798:Gymnorhinus
3748:Dwarf jay (
3679:Green jay (
3643:Brown jay (
3582:C. chrysops
3562:Azure jay (
3555:C. beecheii
3522:C. stelleri
3513:C. cristata
3443:A. unicolor
3258:(continued)
3226:C. monedula
3159:C. capensis
3157:Cape crow (
3148:Pied crow (
3120:C. sinaloae
3111:C. palmarum
3100:Fish crow (
2905:C. unicolor
2833:C. pusillus
2744:Grey crow (
2665:C. bennetti
2568:P. nuttalli
2559:P. hudsonia
2481:Nutcrackers
2469:(continued)
2391:Ptilostomus
2232:U. caerulea
2199:C. jefferyi
2142:T. temnurus
2101:Platysmurus
2053:D. formosae
2024:Dendrocitta
1956:P. graculus
1945:Pyrrhocorax
1335:10871/16723
983:12 November
916:woodhouseii
904:californica
839:californica
765:woodhouseii
745:Inyo County
733:Kern County
705:californica
658:Rogue River
651:californica
639:californica
637:Similar to
606:Puget Sound
599:woodhouseii
595:californica
567:Description
564:Common Name
350:Description
340:californica
272:throughout
228:Subspecies
4212:Aphelocoma
4201:Categories
4170:Q109578194
4138:Xeno-canto
3777:C. turcosa
3759:C. pulchra
3618:C. dickeyi
3573:C. cayanus
3546:C. affinis
3535:Cyanocorax
3511:Blue jay (
3502:Cyanocitta
3489:C. formosa
3480:C. colliei
3383:Aphelocoma
3371:New World
3327:Perisoreus
3177:C. edithae
3093:C. nasicus
3084:C. minutus
2896:C. typicus
2794:C. kubaryi
2755:C. validus
2746:C. tristis
2710:C. mellori
2655:Melanesian
2651:Australian
2586:P. sericea
2379:P. pleskei
2370:P. panderi
2283:Old World
2035:D. bayleyi
1991:Crypsirina
1903:Neognathae
1897:Neornithes
1895:Subclass:
1760:Aphelocoma
1585:0198528264
940:References
854:Whale Peak
739:area, and
725:Sacramento
647:oocleptica
561:Subspecies
536:subspecies
318:Aphelocoma
274:California
181:Aphelocoma
4052:103727785
3928:103727785
3768:C. pumilo
3703:Cyanolyca
3465:Calocitta
3300:C. cyanus
3280:Cyanopica
3004:Holarctic
2957:C. corone
2948:C. cornix
2535:Holarctic
2491:Nucifraga
2399:Piapiac (
2324:G. lidthi
2259:U. ornata
1877:Kingdom:
1652:207101926
1636:1464-7931
1419:0962-8436
925:woods on
793:Rectrices
645:and most
498:Phylogeny
470:Life span
376:forests,
322:Latinized
312:Etymology
302:scrub jay
262:scrub jay
234:See text
188:Species:
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
4164:Wikidata
4065:2.963974
4026:11348588
3923:BirdLife
3856:Wikidata
3645:C. morio
3291:C. cooki
3255:Corvidae
3193:Jackdaws
3150:C. albus
3014:C. corax
2925:Eurasian
2701:C. meeki
2466:Corvidae
2418:bushcrow
2295:Garrulus
2221:Urocissa
2157:Oriental
2132:Temnurus
2011:C. temia
1981:Treepies
1925:Corvidae
1885:Chordata
1883:Phylum:
1879:Animalia
1867:Corvidae
1699:30334967
1644:25079896
1551:17462894
1502:28118584
1445:20156820
1427:40538259
1344:25123853
1299:21976318
1291:16709747
1244:17309867
1184:17314979
1141:11064341
1133:12894243
482:Diseases
388:Foraging
359:Behavior
328:apheles-
306:blue jay
296:and the
170:Corvidae
166:Family:
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
93:IUCN 3.1
4184:9716616
4091:cowscj1
3990:2482414
3977:cowscj1
3951:cowscj1
3910:Avibase
3862:Q848772
3750:C. nana
3681:C. ynca
3271:magpies
3253:Family
3203:Coloeus
3133:species
3031:species
3006:species
2931:species
2815:C. enca
2807:species
2777:species
2728:C. orru
2657:species
2577:P. pica
2538:magpies
2464:Family
2401:P. afer
2337:Podoces
2160:magpies
1936:Choughs
1923:Family
1907:Order:
1889:Class:
1743:1369850
1559:2905358
1529:Bibcode
1493:5266788
1472:Bibcode
1436:2830244
1271:Bibcode
1263:Science
1235:2346514
1192:4405897
1164:Bibcode
1084:BirdWeb
914:of the
912:nevadae
806:and SE
797:remiges
767:group.
763:of the
761:nevadae
717:Klamath
713:Jackson
701:nevadae
643:immanis
453:Nesting
443:corvids
403:corvids
374:juniper
364:Habitat
222:, 1839)
176:Genus:
156:Order:
146:Class:
91: (
4130:368478
4117:641524
4078:142466
4039:554128
4013:506118
3997:GNAB:
3890:wescja
2964:Rook (
2640:Corvus
1804:
1741:
1722:Condor
1697:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1582:
1557:
1549:
1500:
1490:
1443:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1352:717341
1350:
1342:
1297:
1289:
1242:
1232:
1190:
1182:
1156:Nature
1139:
1131:
1089:19 May
1064:19 May
1055:
918:group.
866:Mexico
852:, and
810:to SW
757:Nevada
719:, and
278:Nevada
220:Vigors
4104:75358
4021:IRMNG
3972:eBird
3948:BOW:
3941:98981
3315:Grey
3025:North
2630:crows
2628:True
2170:Cissa
1739:JSTOR
1717:(PDF)
1695:S2CID
1648:S2CID
1555:S2CID
1423:JSTOR
1348:S2CID
1295:S2CID
1188:S2CID
1137:S2CID
1109:(PDF)
876:) to
711:From
604:From
558:Image
370:pinon
344:Latin
342:, is
4179:GBIF
4073:NCBI
4047:IUCN
4034:ITIS
3985:GBIF
3964:FCWQ
3936:BOLD
3373:jays
3317:jays
3027:and
2927:and
2653:and
2548:Pica
2285:jays
1891:Aves
1802:ISBN
1640:PMID
1632:ISSN
1580:ISBN
1547:PMID
1498:PMID
1441:PMID
1415:ISSN
1340:PMID
1287:PMID
1240:PMID
1180:PMID
1129:PMID
1091:2024
1066:2024
1053:ISBN
985:2021
968:2017
910:and
795:and
747:and
727:and
664:and
662:Napa
336:kome
332:coma
250:The
150:Aves
3959:CoL
3897:ADW
3886:ABA
1774:doi
1731:doi
1687:doi
1624:doi
1537:doi
1488:PMC
1480:doi
1431:PMC
1407:doi
1403:365
1330:hdl
1322:doi
1279:doi
1267:312
1230:PMC
1222:doi
1218:362
1172:doi
1160:445
1121:doi
1027:doi
1015:712
1008:In:
1006:).
972:doi
612:to
378:oak
4203::
4181::
4166::
4140::
4127::
4114::
4101::
4088::
4075::
4062::
4049::
4036::
4023::
4010::
3987::
3974::
3961::
3938::
3925::
3912::
3899::
3888::
3873::
3858::
1770:80
1768:.
1764:.
1737:.
1727:98
1725:.
1719:.
1693:.
1683:84
1681:.
1646:.
1638:.
1630:.
1620:90
1618:.
1553:.
1545:.
1535:.
1525:17
1523:.
1519:.
1496:.
1486:.
1478:.
1468:27
1466:.
1462:.
1439:.
1429:.
1421:.
1413:.
1401:.
1397:.
1385:^
1346:.
1338:.
1328:.
1318:18
1316:.
1293:.
1285:.
1277:.
1265:.
1261:.
1238:.
1228:.
1216:.
1212:.
1200:^
1186:.
1178:.
1170:.
1158:.
1135:.
1127:.
1115:.
1111:.
1082:.
1037:^
1017:.
993:^
966:.
960:.
933:.
929:,
872:,
864:,
814:.
755:,
735:,
715:,
672:.
494:.
3810:)
3788:)
3779:)
3770:)
3761:)
3752:)
3743:)
3734:)
3725:)
3716:)
3692:)
3683:)
3674:)
3665:)
3656:)
3647:)
3638:)
3629:)
3620:)
3611:)
3602:)
3593:)
3584:)
3575:)
3566:)
3557:)
3548:)
3524:)
3515:)
3491:)
3482:)
3454:)
3445:)
3436:)
3427:)
3418:)
3409:)
3400:)
3358:)
3349:)
3340:)
3302:)
3293:)
3228:)
3224:(
3218:)
3214:(
3179:)
3170:)
3161:)
3152:)
3143:)
3122:)
3113:)
3104:)
3095:)
3086:)
3077:)
3068:)
3059:)
3050:)
3041:)
3016:)
2995:)
2986:)
2977:)
2968:)
2959:)
2950:)
2941:)
2916:)
2907:)
2898:)
2889:)
2880:)
2871:)
2862:)
2853:)
2844:)
2835:)
2826:)
2817:)
2796:)
2787:)
2766:)
2757:)
2748:)
2739:)
2730:)
2721:)
2712:)
2703:)
2694:)
2685:)
2676:)
2667:)
2615:)
2606:)
2597:)
2588:)
2579:)
2570:)
2561:)
2522:)
2513:)
2504:)
2438:)
2403:)
2381:)
2372:)
2363:)
2354:)
2326:)
2317:)
2308:)
2270:)
2261:)
2252:)
2243:)
2234:)
2210:)
2201:)
2192:)
2183:)
2144:)
2122:)
2113:)
2091:)
2082:)
2073:)
2064:)
2055:)
2046:)
2037:)
2013:)
2004:)
1967:)
1958:)
1858:e
1851:t
1844:v
1831:)
1782:.
1776::
1745:.
1733::
1701:.
1689::
1654:.
1626::
1588:.
1561:.
1539::
1531::
1504:.
1482::
1474::
1447:.
1409::
1354:.
1332::
1324::
1301:.
1281::
1273::
1246:.
1224::
1194:.
1174::
1166::
1143:.
1123::
1117:4
1093:.
1068:.
1029::
987:.
974::
958:"
954:"
868:(
856:(
751:(
696:)
372:-
254:(
218:(
95:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
