384:, are among the most intelligent of animals. The brain-to-body mass ratio of adult scrub jays rivals that of chimpanzees and cetaceans, and is dwarfed only by that of humans. Scrub jays are also the only non-primate or non-dolphin shown to plan ahead for the future, which was previously thought of as a uniquely human trait. Other studies have shown that they can remember locations of over 200 food caches, as well as the food item in each cache and its rate of decay. To protect their caches from pilfering conspecifics, scrub-jays will choose locations out-of-sight of their competitors, or re-cache caches once they are alone, suggesting that they can take into account the perspective of others.
393:
built low in trees or bushes, 1–10 m (3.3–32.8 ft) above the ground, primarily by the female, while the male guards her efforts. The nests are sturdy, with an outside diameter of 33–58 cm (13–23 in), constructed on a platform of twigs with moss and dry grasses lined with fine roots and hair. Four to six eggs are laid from March through July, with some regional variations. There are two common shell color variations: pale green with irregular, olive-colored spots or markings; and pale grayish-white to green with reddish-brown spots. The female incubates the eggs for about 16 days. The young leave the nest about 18 days after hatching.
31:
217:
83:
58:
346:. To protect their caches from potential 'pilferers', food storing birds implement a number of strategies to reduce this risk of theft. Western scrub jays are also known for hoarding and burying brightly colored objects. Woodhouse's scrub jays have a mischievous streak, and they are not above outright theft. They have been caught stealing acorns from
320:
Woodhouse's scrub jays usually forage in pairs, family groups, or small non-kin groups, outside of the breeding season. They feed on small animals, such as frogs and lizards, eggs and young of other birds, insects, and (particularly in winter) grains, nuts, and berries. They can be aggressive towards
337:
within their territories. They rely on highly accurate and complex memories to recover the hidden caches, often after long periods of time. In the process of collecting and storing this food, they have shown an ability to plan ahead in choosing cache sites to provide adequate food volume and variety
287:
Woodhouse's scrub jay is a medium-sized bird, approximately 27–31 cm (11–12 in) in length (including its tail), with a 39 cm (15 in) wingspan, and about 80 g (2.8 oz) in weight. The species has a blue head, wings, and tail; a gray-brown back; and grayish underparts. The
751:
Bright blue head color, with blackish ear patches. Faint white supercilium. Back grayish-brown, blue towards the tail. Light gray streaks on throat; traces of a faint grayish or grayish-blue breast collar. Thighs smoky gray. Remiges and rectrices dark dull blue. Large, with very long wings. Heavy,
392:
The chicks start off fully gray. The older they get, the more they turn blue. On their heads, chicks tend to have a red crest that resembles a comb (Mostly seen on chickens). The chick will lose its crest at day seven, just like the way the baby chickens lose their egg tooth at 5–7 days. Nests are
288:
throat is whitish with a partial blue breast band ("necklace"). The call is described as "harsh and scratchy". Compared to the
California scrub jay, Woodhouse's has a duller blue, darker gray underparts, a less distinct blue necklace, and a straighter bill.
600:
with hint of breast collar. Lower breast with brownish hue, large white patch on lower belly. Undertail coverts white; in adult males usually with some blue feather tips. Back quite brown. Young birds conspicuously paler than in
271:; the taxon was then called simply the scrub jay. Woodhouse's scrub jay is nonmigratory and can be found in urban areas, where it can become tame and will come to bird feeders. While many refer to scrub jays as "blue jays", the
354:. Some scrub jays steal acorns they have watched other jays hide. When these birds go to hide their own acorns, they check first that no other jays are watching. Western scrub jays sometimes land on the backs of
366:
present on the deer. The deer seem to appreciate the help, often standing still and holding up their ears to give the jays access. The scrub jay even will eat peanuts off a human hand.
3716:
3706:
1192:
1127:
1002:
1473:– University of Cambridge Comparative Psychology of Learning and Cognition Lab article on studies of the cognitive abilities of western scrub jays (Archived on the
425:
of a single "scrub jay" species. They are now believed to be distinct. Beyond the close relationship of the "California" and island scrub jays, resolution of their
3731:
3629:
312:
bosques. Woodhouse's scrub jays are very common west of the southern Rocky
Mountains, and can be found in scrub-brush, boreal forests, and temperate forests.
3696:
3567:
3603:
1316:(2006). "The rationality of animal memory: Complex caching strategies of western scrub jays". In Hurley, Susan & Nudds, Matthew (eds.).
953:
3721:
1502:
3711:
1457:
1206:
Isenhart, Frank R.; David F. Desante (1 February 1985). "Observations of scrub jays cleaning ectoparasites from black-tailed deer".
918:
3726:
1141:
Dally, J. M., Emery, N. J. & Clayton, N. S. (2006). "Food-caching western scrub-jays keep track of who was watching when".
1470:
562:
Blue of neck with dull grayish hue; back grayish brown. Undertail coverts blue. Bill heavy but straight, hardly hooked at tip.
1330:
3608:
454:
Woodhouse's scrub jay differs in plumage (paler blue above, with an indistinct and usually incomplete breast band) from the
263:, and collectively called the western scrub jay. Prior to that both of them were also considered the same species as the
1654:
914:
276:
938:
82:
3634:
3522:
1347:
3132:
3123:
1893:
724:
275:
is a different species of bird entirely. Woodhouse's scrub jay is named for the
American naturalist and explorer
3642:
1833:
733:
2079:
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faint and small. Underside quite light; lower belly white. Undertail coverts dull white. Bill and wings as in
620:
321:
other birds, for example, they have been known to steal hoarded acorns from Acorn
Woodpecker granary trees.
194:
3647:
3484:
2022:
1884:
1785:
1495:
831:κόμη) "hair", in reference to the lack of striped or banded feathers in this genus compared to other jays.
2754:
1902:
1714:
1391:
1186:
1121:
996:
872:
654:
177:
2154:
351:
3357:
3041:
2618:
2211:
2013:
2004:
1842:
1763:
1754:
1265:
1150:
1033:
458:, which are darker blue above with a strongly defined–but not necessarily complete–blue breast band.
455:
260:
39:
3701:
3198:
2943:
2503:
2458:
2362:
2256:
2202:
1995:
1911:
1824:
1705:
47:
3621:
1317:
3429:
3411:
3384:
3366:
2811:
2784:
2636:
2512:
2308:
2163:
2145:
1875:
1851:
1372:
1291:
1223:
1174:
1057:
984:
634:, with a hint of a blue collar. Undertail coverts white. Long wings and fairly short, heavy bill.
590:
433:
77:
3582:
1250:
3655:
3541:
3279:
3225:
3189:
3077:
3068:
2718:
2582:
2494:
2407:
2344:
2335:
2136:
2126:
1608:
1488:
1453:
1326:
1283:
1251:"Western scrub-jays anticipate future needs independently of their current motivational state"
1166:
1109:
1049:
976:
677:
510:
375:
268:
30:
528:; light blue undertail coverts. Bill longish, quite pointed, and tapering, not hooked at tip.
338:
for the future. Woodhouse's scrub jays are also able to rely on their accurate observational
3660:
3375:
3297:
3234:
3165:
3050:
2691:
2627:
2398:
2317:
1723:
1410:
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1355:
1273:
1215:
1158:
1099:
1091:
1041:
968:
922:
867:
347:
264:
216:
1080:"Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist"
794:
The common name of this subspecies commemorates the
Mexican naturalist Francis Sumichrast.
461:
A subgroup of
Woodhouse's scrub jay living in interior southern Mexico is sometimes called
3270:
3252:
2867:
2857:
2727:
2700:
2229:
2220:
1958:
1687:
1678:
1474:
849:
582:
448:
436:
410:
3673:
1269:
1154:
1084:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1037:
3315:
3086:
2934:
2371:
2238:
1967:
1732:
1645:
1313:
1309:
1246:
1242:
1104:
1079:
1021:
1017:
939:"Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay Similar Species to, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
343:
898:
Curry, Robert L.; Peterson, A. Townsend & Langen, T.A. (2002): Western Scrub Jay (
3690:
3420:
3402:
2709:
2682:
2530:
2428:
2326:
1599:
1554:
1415:
858:
817:
244:
67:
62:
1480:
1178:
988:
380:
Recent research has suggested that
Woodhouse's scrub jays, along with several other
3306:
3243:
2990:
2763:
2657:
2600:
2548:
2476:
2437:
2380:
2353:
2193:
1949:
1815:
1696:
1295:
1061:
498:
440:
3546:
3533:
3507:
3616:
3590:
3516:
3333:
3216:
3110:
3095:
2999:
2820:
2609:
2591:
2557:
2539:
2485:
2247:
1669:
692:
681:
494:
421:
The
Woodhouse's, California, island, and Florida scrub jay were once considered
297:
296:
True to its name, Woodhouse's scrub jay inhabits areas of low scrub, preferring
3668:
3451:
3261:
3180:
3147:
3028:
2981:
2972:
2736:
2521:
2467:
1982:
1636:
1548:
1542:
1278:
780:
502:
422:
363:
259:. Woodhouse's scrub jay was until recently considered the same species as the
154:
1390:
Rice, Nathan H.; Martínez-Meyer, Enrique & Peterson, A. Townsend (2003).
3393:
3348:
3324:
3288:
3207:
2925:
2802:
2793:
2745:
2389:
1162:
426:
355:
240:
134:
94:
1287:
1170:
1113:
1095:
1053:
980:
3501:
3156:
2900:
2838:
2111:
1940:
1866:
1570:
1530:
1524:
1512:
772:
737:
662:
658:
334:
309:
272:
144:
114:
1045:
3572:
2848:
2044:
1626:
1376:
1227:
552:
401:
The life span of wild
Woodhouse's scrub jays is approximately 9 years.
381:
330:
301:
3595:
2285:
2183:
1805:
1590:
1024:(22 February 2007). "Planning for the future by western scrub-jays".
745:
741:
506:
339:
256:
248:
104:
3559:
3478:
1368:
1219:
972:
926:
1449:
Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays and magpies of the world
1432:
Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds
3554:
814:
556:
444:
430:
359:
252:
2275:
1536:
548:
124:
3482:
2897:
2108:
1567:
1484:
921:, Washington, D.C. Online version, retrieved 25 February 2007.
707:
471:
3018:
2962:
1930:
305:
497:
from N Nevada southwards, some isolated mountain ranges in
1348:"A fossil scrub-jay supports a recent systematic decision"
952:
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J. & Dickinson, A. (2003).
1078:
Clayton, N. S., Dally, J. M. & Emery, N. J. (2007).
308:
woods, edges of mixed evergreen forests, and sometimes
954:"Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?"
691:. Back brown with blue tinge, sometimes quite bluish.
3491:
3442:
3346:
3178:
3145:
3108:
3026:
3016:
2970:
2960:
2923:
2914:
2846:
2837:
2283:
2273:
2191:
2180:
2134:
2125:
2070:
2061:
2035:
1980:
1938:
1928:
1864:
1813:
1802:
1776:
1745:
1667:
1634:
1625:
1588:
1581:
873:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103727785A112293863.en
585:(Texas); area and extent of possible contact with
501:and Mojave Desert from E California to the SW of
333:, exploit ephemeral surpluses by storing food in
447:, namely a Pacific one west and one east of the
429:history has proven very difficult. Judging from
409:Populations are being adversely affected by the
684:at higher-altitude woodland towards S of range.
717:Aphelocoma woodhouseii/sumichrasti sumichrasti
521:group) at the north-western edge of its range.
1496:
1325:. Oxford University Press. pp. 197–216.
350:caches and robbing seeds and pine cones from
8:
1191:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1126:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1001:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
623:, primarily in Chihuahua; intergrading with
559:, sometimes ranging farther into that state.
3717:Birds of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
3479:
3023:
2967:
2920:
2911:
2894:
2843:
2280:
2188:
2131:
2122:
2105:
2067:
1935:
1810:
1631:
1585:
1578:
1564:
1503:
1489:
1481:
1073:
1071:
589:undetermined. Possibly this subspecies at
215:
56:
29:
20:
3707:Native birds of the Western United States
1414:
1403:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1392:"Ecological niche differentiation in the
1277:
1103:
871:
758:Aphelocoma woodhouseii/sumichrasti remota
1434:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 329.
329:Woodhouse's scrub jays, like many other
894:
892:
890:
840:
1430:Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003).
1184:
1119:
994:
3732:Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird
593:, where species settled in the 1950s.
7:
790:. Largest of all western scrub jays.
710:Aphelocoma (woodhouseii) sumichrasti
474:Aphelocoma (woodhouseii) woodhouseii
3697:IUCN Red List least concern species
1447:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1994):
859:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
804:
547:Rocky Mountains foothills, from N
534:Aphelocoma woodhouseii woodhouseii
342:to steal food from caches made by
14:
1396:jays: a phylogenetic perspective"
906:Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.):
555:south through NW Chihuahua and W
1471:It takes a thief to know a thief
1416:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00242.x
823:(from ἀφελής-) "simple" + Latin
81:
848:BirdLife International (2017).
640:Aphelocoma woodhouseii cyanotis
919:American Ornithologists' Union
481:Aphelocoma woodhouseii nevadae
1:
1655:Black racket-tailed treepie (
611:Aphelocoma woodhouseii grisea
568:Aphelocoma woodhouseii texana
961:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
775:. Apparently separated from
247:, ranging from southeastern
3133:White-throated Magpie-jay (
3124:Black-throated magpie-jay (
1894:Yellow-billed blue magpie (
1016:Raby, C. R.; D. M. Alexis;
915:Academy of Natural Sciences
699:, young birds browner than
665:; generally separated from
605:. Heavy, fairly blunt bill.
277:Samuel Washington Woodhouse
3748:
3722:Fauna of the Mojave Desert
1834:Indochinese green magpie (
1346:Emslie, Steven D. (1996).
908:The Birds of North America
866:: e.T103727785A112293863.
513:. Some hybridization with
373:
2910:
2893:
2121:
2104:
1577:
1563:
1519:
1511:Extant species of family
1451:. A&C Black, London.
1279:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.063
917:, Philadelphia, PA &
720:(Baird and Ridgway, 1874)
680:. Apparently replaced by
581:Hitherto only known from
214:
207:
202:
183:
176:
78:Scientific classification
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
3712:Birds of the Great Basin
1885:Red-billed blue magpie (
1786:Ratchet-tailed treepie (
786:Duller and lighter than
708:Sumichrast's scrub jay,
630:Lighter and larger than
524:Lighter and duller than
3727:Birds described in 1858
3060:Woodhouse's scrub jay (
2755:Hispaniolan palm crow (
2080:Stresemann's bushcrow (
1903:Sri Lanka blue magpie (
1715:White-bellied treepie (
1163:10.1126/science.1126539
736:southeastwards through
687:Larger and duller than
621:Sierra Madre Occidental
472:Woodhouse's scrub jay,
3674:Aphelocoma-woodhouseii
3523:Aphelocoma woodhouseii
3493:Aphelocoma woodhouseii
3358:Silvery-throated jay (
3042:California scrub jay (
2619:Eastern carrion crow (
2212:Yellow-billed magpie (
2014:Turkestan ground jay (
2005:Mongolian ground jay (
1843:Bornean green magpie (
1764:Bornean black magpie (
1755:Malayan black magpie (
1312:; Emery, Nathan &
1096:10.1098/rstb.2006.1992
900:Aphelocoma californica
852:Aphelocoma californica
771:SW Oaxaca and central
765:Chilpancingo scrub jay
725:Sumichrast's scrub jay
463:Sumichrast's scrub jay
187:Aphelocoma woodhouseii
24:Woodhouse's scrub jay
3199:Purplish-backed jay (
2944:Azure-winged magpie (
2504:Eastern jungle crow (
2459:Slender-billed crow (
2363:New Caledonian crow (
2257:Black-rumped magpie (
2203:Black-billed magpie (
1996:Xinjiang ground jay (
1912:White-winged magpie (
1825:Common green magpie (
1706:Black-faced treepie (
752:slightly hooked bill.
655:Sierra Madre Oriental
541:Woodhouse's scrub jay
226:Woodhouse's scrub jay
3583:woodhouses-scrub-jay
3430:White-collared jay (
3412:Black-throated jay (
3385:White-throated jay (
3367:Black-collared jay (
2812:Thick-billed raven (
2785:White-necked raven (
2637:Brown-necked raven (
2513:Indian jungle crow (
2164:Kashmir nutcracker (
2155:Clark's nutcracker (
2146:Spotted nutcracker (
2023:Iranian ground jay (
1876:Taiwan blue magpie (
1852:Javan green magpie (
672:; range adjacent to
647:Blue-eared scrub jay
468:The subspecies are:
456:California scrub jay
443:data, there are two
261:California scrub jay
40:Santa Fe, New Mexico
3280:Bushy-crested jay (
3226:Plush-crested jay (
3190:Black-chested jay (
3078:Transvolcanic jay (
3069:Florida scrub jay (
2719:White-necked crow (
2583:Mesopotamian crow (
2495:Large-billed crow (
2408:White-billed crow (
2345:Bougainville crow (
2336:Brown-headed crow (
1609:Red-billed chough (
1270:2007CBio...17..856C
1155:2006Sci...312.1662D
1046:10.1038/nature05575
1038:2007Natur.445..919R
352:Clark's nutcrackers
169:A. woodhouseii
48:Conservation status
3376:Azure-hooded jay (
3298:White-tailed jay (
3235:Curl-crested jay (
3051:Island scrub jay (
2692:Chihuahuan raven (
2628:Fan-tailed raven (
2399:Long-billed crow (
2318:Australian raven (
1724:Sumatran treepie (
1314:Dickinson, Anthony
591:Caprock Escarpment
434:NADH dehydrogenase
243:native to western
239:) is a species of
3684:
3683:
3656:Open Tree of Life
3485:Taxon identifiers
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3271:Azure-naped jay (
3253:White-naped jay (
3012:
3011:
2956:
2955:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2833:
2832:
2728:Cuban palm crow (
2721:C. leucognaphalus
2701:Tamaulipas crow (
2685:C. brachyrhynchos
2269:
2268:
2230:Oriental magpie (
2221:Eurasian magpie (
2176:
2175:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2057:
2056:
1959:Lanceolated jay (
1924:
1923:
1887:U. erythrorhyncha
1798:
1797:
1688:Bornean treepie (
1679:Andaman treepie (
1621:
1620:
1460:
1319:Rational Animals?
1032:(7130): 919–921.
762:
721:
678:Chihuahuan Desert
657:, Mexico, from S
644:
615:
572:
538:
485:
376:Bird intelligence
269:Florida scrub jay
223:
222:
71:
3739:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3663:
3651:
3650:
3638:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3549:
3537:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3480:
3454:G. cyanocephalus
3316:Violaceous jay (
3282:C. melanocyaneus
3117:
3087:Unicolored jay (
3035:
3024:
2968:
2935:Iberian magpie (
2921:
2912:
2905:
2895:
2844:
2814:C. crassirostris
2781:
2777:Tropical African
2679:
2675:Central American
2654:
2579:
2497:C. macrorhynchos
2455:
2425:
2372:Torresian crow (
2338:C. fuscicapillus
2305:
2281:
2239:Maghreb magpie (
2189:
2166:N. multipunctata
2148:N. caryocatactes
2132:
2123:
2116:
2106:
2068:
1989:
1936:
1811:
1733:Rufous treepie (
1646:Hooded treepie (
1632:
1586:
1579:
1565:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1452:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1400:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1281:
1255:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1149:(5780): 1662–5.
1138:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1107:
1090:(1480): 507–22.
1075:
1066:
1065:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1000:
992:
958:
949:
943:
942:
935:
929:
896:
885:
884:
882:
880:
875:
845:
808:
760:
734:Distrito Federal
719:
642:
613:
570:
536:
515:A. w. oocleptica
488:Nevada scrub jay
483:
348:acorn woodpecker
340:spatial memories
335:scattered caches
265:island scrub jay
219:
189:
86:
85:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3633:
3628:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3602:
3594:
3589:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3487:
3477:
3460:
3438:
3421:Turquoise jay (
3403:Beautiful jay (
3342:
3309:C. sanblasianus
3237:C. cristatellus
3174:
3166:Steller's jay (
3141:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3071:A. coerulescens
3033:
3032:
3008:
3002:P. internigrans
2952:
2916:
2906:
2903:
2877:
2868:Western jackdaw
2858:Daurian jackdaw
2829:
2774:
2764:Sinaloan crow (
2710:Jamaican crow (
2694:C. cryptoleucus
2683:American crow (
2668:
2647:
2568:
2531:Collared crow (
2506:C. levaillantii
2448:
2429:Hawaiian crow (
2418:
2365:C. moneduloides
2327:Bismarck crow (
2294:
2265:
2182:
2172:
2117:
2114:
2088:
2063:
2053:
2031:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1920:
1896:U. flavirostris
1860:
1804:
1794:
1772:
1741:
1663:
1617:
1600:Alpine chough (
1573:
1559:
1515:
1509:
1475:Wayback Machine
1467:
1444:
1442:Further reading
1439:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1369:10.2307/1369850
1350:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1322:
1310:Clayton, Nicola
1308:
1307:
1303:
1258:Current Biology
1253:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1220:10.2307/1367147
1205:
1204:
1200:
1183:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1118:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1015:
1014:
1010:
993:
973:10.1038/nrn1180
956:
951:
950:
946:
937:
936:
932:
927:10.2173/bna.712
897:
888:
878:
876:
847:
846:
842:
838:
803:
800:
713:
627:at NW of range.
583:Edwards Plateau
575:Texas scrub jay
509:and extreme NW
477:
449:Rocky Mountains
419:
411:West Nile virus
407:
399:
390:
378:
372:
327:
318:
294:
285:
198:
191:
185:
172:
80:
72:
61:
57:
50:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3665:
3652:
3639:
3626:
3613:
3600:
3587:
3577:
3564:
3551:
3538:
3528:
3513:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:C. viridicyana
3427:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3360:C. argentigula
3354:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:C. yucatanicus
3331:
3322:
3313:
3307:San Blas jay (
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3244:Purplish jay (
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3080:A. ultramarina
3075:
3066:
3062:A. woodhouseii
3057:
3048:
3044:A. californica
3038:
3036:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2997:
2991:Siberian jay (
2988:
2978:
2976:
2965:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2712:C. jamaicensis
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2665:
2664:
2658:Common raven (
2655:
2644:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2601:Carrion crow (
2598:
2589:
2580:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2549:Banggai crow (
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2477:Palawan crow (
2474:
2465:
2456:
2451:Tropical Asian
2445:
2444:
2438:Mariana crow (
2435:
2431:C. hawaiiensis
2426:
2421:Pacific island
2415:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2381:Forest raven (
2378:
2369:
2360:
2354:Little raven (
2351:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2291:
2289:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:P. bottanensis
2254:
2245:
2241:P. mauritanica
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:Z. stresemanni
2076:
2074:
2072:Zavattariornis
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1961:G. lanceolatus
1956:
1950:Eurasian jay (
1946:
1944:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1761:
1757:P. leucopterus
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1726:D. occipitalis
1721:
1717:D. leucogastra
1712:
1703:
1697:Grey treepie (
1694:
1690:D. cinerascens
1685:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:P. pyrrhocorax
1606:
1596:
1594:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1465:External links
1463:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1422:
1409:(3): 369–383.
1382:
1363:(4): 675–680.
1338:
1331:
1301:
1264:(10): 856–61.
1233:
1214:(1): 145–147.
1198:
1133:
1067:
1008:
944:
930:
886:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
799:
796:
792:
791:
784:
768:
767:
754:
753:
749:
729:
728:
712:
706:
705:
704:
685:
650:
649:
636:
635:
628:
617:
616:
607:
606:
594:
578:
577:
564:
563:
560:
544:
543:
530:
529:
522:
505:, south to NE
491:
490:
484:Pitelka, 1945a
476:
470:
418:
415:
406:
403:
398:
395:
389:
386:
374:Main article:
371:
368:
326:
323:
317:
314:
293:
290:
284:
281:
221:
220:
212:
211:
205:
204:
200:
199:
192:
181:
180:
174:
173:
166:
164:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3744:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3334:Yucatan jay (
3332:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3300:C. mystacalis
3296:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3255:C. cyanopogon
3251:
3249:
3247:
3246:C. cyanomelas
3242:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3217:Cayenne jay (
3215:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3116:(Magpie-Jays)
3113:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3098:A. wollweberi
3096:Mexican jay (
3094:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3005:
3003:
3000:Sichuan jay (
2998:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2984:P. canadensis
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2821:Somali crow (
2819:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2787:C. albicollis
2783:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2748:C. ossifragus
2744:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:C. ruficollis
2635:
2633:
2631:
2630:C. rhipidurus
2626:
2624:
2622:
2621:C. orientalis
2617:
2615:
2613:
2612:C. frugilegus
2608:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2592:Hooded crow (
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:C. capellanus
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:North African
2572:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:Violet crow (
2556:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2540:Piping crow (
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2515:C. culminatus
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2486:Flores crow (
2484:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2470:C. samarensis
2466:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2383:C. tasmanicus
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2320:C. coronoides
2316:
2314:
2312:
2309:Little crow (
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2248:Asir magpie (
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2157:N. columbiana
2153:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2007:P. hendersoni
2003:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:(Ground jays)
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1968:Lidth's jay (
1966:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1952:G. glandarius
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1914:U. whiteheadi
1910:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1854:C. thalassina
1850:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1555:Passeriformes
1552:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1458:0-7136-3999-7
1455:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:Correia, SP;
1237:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:N. S. Clayton
1019:
1012:
1009:
1004:
998:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
967:(8): 685–91.
966:
962:
955:
948:
945:
940:
934:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
905:
901:
895:
893:
891:
887:
874:
869:
865:
861:
860:
855:
853:
844:
841:
835:
830:
826:
822:
819:
818:Ancient Greek
816:
812:
807:
806:
802:
801:
797:
795:
789:
785:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:
766:
761:Griscom, 1934
759:
756:
755:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
718:
715:
714:
711:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:
648:
643:Ridgway, 1887
641:
638:
637:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
618:
612:
609:
608:
604:
599:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:
576:
571:Ridgway, 1902
569:
566:
565:
561:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
542:
537:(Baird, 1858)
535:
532:
531:
527:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
492:
489:
482:
479:
478:
475:
469:
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
404:
402:
396:
394:
387:
385:
383:
377:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
324:
322:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:and southern
250:
246:
245:North America
242:
238:
237:
233:
232:
227:
218:
213:
210:
206:
201:
196:
190:
188:
182:
179:
178:Binomial name
175:
171:
170:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:Passeriformes
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
84:
79:
75:
69:
64:
63:Least Concern
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3492:
3453:
3452:Pinyon jay (
3443:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3387:C. mirabilis
3386:
3378:C. cucullata
3377:
3369:C. armillata
3368:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3326:
3318:C. violaceus
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3273:C. heilprini
3272:
3263:
3262:Tufted jay (
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3210:C. caeruleus
3209:
3200:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3125:
3109:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3053:A. insularis
3052:
3043:
3034:(Scrub jays)
3027:
3001:
2993:P. infaustus
2992:
2983:
2982:Canada jay (
2971:
2945:
2936:
2924:
2915:Azure-winged
2871:
2862:C. dauuricus
2861:
2847:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2737:Cuban crow (
2729:
2720:
2711:
2703:C. imparatus
2702:
2693:
2684:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2560:C. violaceus
2559:
2550:
2541:
2533:C. torquatus
2532:
2524:C. splendens
2523:
2522:House crow (
2514:
2505:
2496:
2488:C. florensis
2487:
2478:
2469:
2468:Small crow (
2460:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2410:C. woodfordi
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2329:C. insularis
2328:
2319:
2310:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2284:
2258:
2250:P. asirensis
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2192:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2135:
2081:
2071:
2062:Stresemann's
2046:
2036:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1998:P. biddulphi
1997:
1981:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1939:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1844:
1836:C. hypoleuca
1835:
1827:C. chinensis
1826:
1814:
1787:
1777:
1766:P. aterrimus
1765:
1756:
1746:
1735:D. vagabunda
1734:
1725:
1716:
1708:D. frontalis
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1648:C. cucullata
1647:
1635:
1610:
1601:
1589:
1547:Superorder:
1448:
1431:
1425:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1385:
1360:
1354:
1341:
1318:
1304:
1261:
1257:
1243:Dickinson, A
1236:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1187:cite journal
1146:
1142:
1136:
1122:cite journal
1087:
1083:
1029:
1025:
1018:A. Dickinson
1011:
997:cite journal
964:
960:
947:
933:
910:
907:
903:
899:
877:. Retrieved
863:
857:
851:
843:
828:
827:(from Greek
824:
820:
810:
805:
793:
787:
776:
764:
757:
723:
716:
709:
700:
696:
688:
673:
669:
666:
646:
639:
631:
624:
614:Nelson, 1899
610:
602:
597:
596:Darker than
586:
574:
567:
540:
533:
525:
518:
514:
499:Death Valley
487:
480:
473:
467:
462:
460:
453:
427:evolutionary
420:
408:
400:
391:
379:
370:Intelligence
344:conspecifics
328:
325:Food storing
319:
295:
286:
235:
234:
230:
229:
225:
224:
208:
186:
184:
168:
167:
155:
18:
3643:Neotropical
3617:NatureServe
3591:iNaturalist
3517:Wikispecies
3444:Gymnorhinus
3394:Dwarf jay (
3325:Green jay (
3289:Brown jay (
3228:C. chrysops
3208:Azure jay (
3201:C. beecheii
3168:C. stelleri
3159:C. cristata
3089:A. unicolor
2904:(continued)
2872:C. monedula
2805:C. capensis
2803:Cape crow (
2794:Pied crow (
2766:C. sinaloae
2757:C. palmarum
2746:Fish crow (
2551:C. unicolor
2479:C. pusillus
2390:Grey crow (
2311:C. bennetti
2214:P. nuttalli
2205:P. hudsonia
2127:Nutcrackers
2115:(continued)
2037:Ptilostomus
1878:U. caerulea
1845:C. jefferyi
1788:T. temnurus
1747:Platysmurus
1699:D. formosae
1670:Dendrocitta
1602:P. graculus
1591:Pyrrhocorax
1247:Clayton, NS
809:Etymology:
788:sumichrasti
777:sumichrasti
693:Supercilium
689:woodhouseii
682:Mexican jay
670:woodhouseii
632:woodhouseii
603:woodhouseii
598:woodhouseii
587:woodhouseii
526:woodhouseii
519:californica
495:Great Basin
283:Description
255:to central
236:woodhouseii
203:Subspecies
3702:Aphelocoma
3691:Categories
3669:Xeno-canto
3423:C. turcosa
3405:C. pulchra
3264:C. dickeyi
3219:C. cayanus
3192:C. affinis
3181:Cyanocorax
3157:Blue jay (
3148:Cyanocitta
3135:C. formosa
3126:C. colliei
3029:Aphelocoma
3017:New World
2973:Perisoreus
2823:C. edithae
2739:C. nasicus
2730:C. minutus
2542:C. typicus
2440:C. kubaryi
2401:C. validus
2392:C. tristis
2356:C. mellori
2301:Melanesian
2297:Australian
2232:P. sericea
2025:P. pleskei
2016:P. panderi
1929:Old World
1681:D. bayleyi
1637:Crypsirina
1549:Neognathae
1543:Neornithes
1541:Subclass:
1394:Aphelocoma
1332:0198528264
1208:The Condor
836:References
811:Aphelocoma
781:Rio Balsas
503:New Mexico
423:subspecies
362:and other
231:Aphelocoma
156:Aphelocoma
3508:Q14908008
3414:C. pumilo
3349:Cyanolyca
3111:Calocitta
2946:C. cyanus
2926:Cyanopica
2650:Holarctic
2603:C. corone
2594:C. cornix
2181:Holarctic
2137:Nucifraga
2045:Piapiac (
1970:G. lidthi
1905:U. ornata
1523:Kingdom:
815:Latinized
798:Footnotes
511:Chihuahua
417:Phylogeny
397:Life span
364:parasites
356:mule deer
304:forests,
241:scrub jay
209:See text
195:Baird, SF
163:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
3622:2.964016
3502:Wikidata
3291:C. morio
2937:C. cooki
2901:Corvidae
2839:Jackdaws
2796:C. albus
2660:C. corax
2571:Eurasian
2347:C. meeki
2112:Corvidae
2064:bushcrow
1941:Garrulus
1867:Urocissa
1803:Oriental
1778:Temnurus
1657:C. temia
1627:Treepies
1571:Corvidae
1531:Chordata
1529:Phylum:
1525:Animalia
1513:Corvidae
1288:17462894
1249:(2007).
1179:21976318
1171:16709747
1114:17309867
1054:17314979
989:11064341
981:12894243
821:apheles-
773:Guerrero
738:Veracruz
663:Tlaxcala
659:Coahuila
441:sequence
405:Diseases
316:Foraging
310:mesquite
273:blue jay
267:and the
145:Corvidae
141:Family:
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
3648:wooscj2
3573:5844900
3560:wooscj2
3534:wooscj2
3396:C. nana
3327:C. ynca
2917:magpies
2899:Family
2849:Coloeus
2779:species
2677:species
2652:species
2577:species
2461:C. enca
2453:species
2423:species
2374:C. orru
2303:species
2223:P. pica
2184:magpies
2110:Family
2047:P. afer
1983:Podoces
1806:magpies
1582:Choughs
1569:Family
1553:Order:
1535:Class:
1377:1369850
1296:2905358
1266:Bibcode
1228:1367147
1151:Bibcode
1143:Science
1105:2346514
1062:4405897
1034:Bibcode
813:, from
783:valley.
625:nevadae
553:Wyoming
437:subunit
388:Nesting
382:corvids
358:to eat
331:corvids
302:juniper
292:Habitat
197:, 1858)
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
3661:291107
3635:247972
3609:916621
3596:506117
3580:GNAB:
2610:Rook (
2286:Corvus
1456:
1375:
1356:Condor
1329:
1294:
1286:
1226:
1177:
1169:
1112:
1102:
1060:
1052:
1026:Nature
987:
979:
879:24 May
746:Oaxaca
744:, and
742:Puebla
701:texana
697:grisea
674:grisea
667:texana
653:Lower
507:Sonora
445:clades
257:Mexico
249:Oregon
3555:eBird
3531:BOW:
2961:Grey
2671:North
2276:crows
2274:True
1816:Cissa
1399:(PDF)
1373:JSTOR
1351:(PDF)
1323:(PDF)
1292:S2CID
1254:(PDF)
1224:JSTOR
1175:S2CID
1058:S2CID
985:S2CID
957:(PDF)
732:From
676:in S
557:Texas
431:mtDNA
360:ticks
298:pinon
253:Idaho
3630:NCBI
3604:ITIS
3568:GBIF
3547:FCWY
3019:jays
2963:jays
2673:and
2573:and
2299:and
2194:Pica
1931:jays
1537:Aves
1454:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1284:PMID
1193:link
1167:PMID
1128:link
1110:PMID
1050:PMID
1003:link
977:PMID
881:2022
864:2017
829:kome
825:coma
549:Utah
125:Aves
3542:CoL
1411:doi
1365:doi
1274:doi
1216:doi
1159:doi
1147:312
1100:PMC
1092:doi
1088:362
1042:doi
1030:445
969:doi
923:doi
911:712
904:In:
902:).
868:doi
779:by
661:to
551:/S
306:oak
38:In
3693::
3671::
3658::
3645::
3632::
3619::
3606::
3593::
3570::
3557::
3544::
3519::
3504::
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1405:.
1401:.
1371:.
1361:98
1359:.
1353:.
1290:.
1282:.
1272:.
1262:17
1260:.
1256:.
1245:;
1222:.
1212:87
1210:.
1189:}}
1185:{{
1173:.
1165:.
1157:.
1145:.
1124:}}
1120:{{
1108:.
1098:.
1086:.
1082:.
1070:^
1056:.
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1040:.
1028:.
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999:}}
995:{{
983:.
975:.
963:.
959:.
913:.
889:^
862:.
856:.
763:–
740:,
722:–
645:–
573:–
539:-
486:–
465:.
451:.
439:2
413:.
279:.
3456:)
3434:)
3425:)
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3407:)
3398:)
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3380:)
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2995:)
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2870:(
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517:(
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