2108:
481:
Two of the sixteen consonants, /ʙ̥, h/ occur infrequently. /ʙ̥/ only occurs in expressive words, or before the vowel /u/. /h/ only occurs after a coronal consonant, like /a/ or /u/. There is also a specially rare occurrence of two implosive consonants,
605:
The language is spoken by a people which includes groups that are still uncontacted. They live mainly in three villages: Cachoeira Seca, Laranjal and Maia. However, the natives of the latter have switched to
618:
Linguist Isaac Costa de Souza studied the language and concluded some words were modified when used to talk to different animals. The table below shows some modified words used when speaking to a
2149:
2178:
863:
1736:
2142:
410:
2135:
808:
2115:
454:
461:
856:
968:
366:
1729:
837:(version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
564:
31:
2168:
849:
573:
534:
439:
2069:
983:
2173:
1833:
1722:
589:
543:
468:
303:
296:
203:
1581:
1571:
493:
485:
1230:
1918:
550:
385:
1607:
1336:
2107:
1602:
1215:
912:
891:
783:
402:
337:
330:
312:
1819:
1457:
264:
257:
1182:
958:
2049:
2031:
1968:
1957:
1896:
1753:
1612:
1586:
1516:
1465:
1401:
1371:
1245:
1134:
886:
491:
483:
346:
830:
2056:
2025:
1988:
1913:
1851:
1826:
1761:
1566:
1511:
1470:
1376:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1104:
1066:
1061:
998:
872:
607:
1391:
803:
1979:
1788:
1638:
1424:
1356:
1346:
1265:
1162:
1018:
950:
273:
229:
224:
112:
2063:
2019:
1999:
1875:
1773:
1536:
1491:
1475:
1331:
1260:
1250:
1225:
1124:
1089:
1013:
1994:
1924:
1745:
1673:
1628:
1521:
1501:
1414:
1351:
1313:
1290:
1275:
1270:
1255:
1220:
1172:
1076:
1028:
1023:
993:
988:
973:
717:
Different modifications are used according to the species of animal being addressed. The word
244:
234:
107:
2119:
2042:
2036:
1951:
1880:
1808:
1767:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1506:
1496:
1409:
1323:
1280:
1240:
1167:
1157:
1149:
1129:
1114:
1094:
1051:
1038:
1008:
978:
963:
924:
907:
176:
1962:
1885:
1813:
1797:
1778:
1703:
1693:
1668:
1648:
1633:
1546:
1541:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1386:
1366:
1341:
1235:
1205:
1139:
1109:
1084:
1056:
1003:
812:
619:
378:
251:
239:
199:
99:
1298:
188:
80:
2089:
2074:
1945:
1890:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1576:
1531:
1526:
1432:
1308:
1099:
929:
283:
163:
2162:
1858:
1381:
1046:
730:
516:
1303:
17:
511:
448:
784:
Tocantins Apiaká, Parirí and Yarumá as
Members of the Pekodian Branch (Cariban)
766:
761:
734:
528:
521:
1361:
581:
558:
424:
356:
289:
156:
140:
147:
738:
610:, while 85 speakers still remain in Cachoeira Seca and 250 in Laranjal.
919:
180:
70:
841:
1643:
323:
184:
60:
1714:
742:
1718:
845:
2123:
733:. Specific modifications may be used when talking to
2012:
1978:
1938:
1906:
1868:
1843:
1787:
1752:
1621:
1595:
1559:
1484:
1456:
1423:
1400:
1322:
1289:
1181:
1148:
1075:
1037:
949:
940:
900:
879:
154:
138:
133:
96:
86:
76:
66:
56:
39:
835:The South American Phonological Inventory Database
805:A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara
829:Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012).
788:Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas - RBLI
2143:
1730:
857:
8:
2179:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
2150:
2136:
1975:
1865:
1737:
1723:
1715:
946:
864:
850:
842:
815:, M.A. thesis, University of North Dakota.
624:
36:
505:
218:
831:"Phonological inventory of Arára, Pará"
754:
790:. Macapá, v. 3, n. 1, p. 85-93, 2020.
7:
2116:Indigenous languages of the Americas
2104:
2102:
798:
796:
721:, for example, might be modified as
202:, Apiaká do Tocantins, Parirí, and
2122:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
191:and perhaps other related groups.
25:
782:Carvalho, Fernando O. de (2020).
588:
572:
563:
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533:
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409:
384:
365:
345:
336:
329:
311:
302:
295:
272:
263:
256:
27:Cariban language spoken in Brazil
2106:
1:
725:when addressing a dog, or as
2114:This article related to the
802:Isaac Costa de Souza, 2010,
2195:
2101:
32:Mato Grosso Arára language
29:
2083:
1582:Paulista General Language
594:
571:
520:
447:
423:
401:
377:
355:
282:
250:
221:
49:
44:
194:Arára forms part of the
30:Not to be confused with
892:Brazilian Sign Language
772:(subscription required)
745:, among other animals.
196:Kampot dialect cluster
187:. It is spoken by the
1587:Portunhol fronteiriço
2169:Languages of Brazil
873:Languages of Brazil
18:Apiaká do Tocantins
1337:Gavião of Jiparaná
901:Regional languages
811:2013-10-12 at the
729:when addressing a
2174:Cariban languages
2131:
2130:
2096:
2095:
2090:extinct languages
2008:
2007:
1934:
1933:
1746:Cariban languages
1712:
1711:
1555:
1554:
1241:Laklãnõ (Xokléng)
880:Official language
770:(18th ed., 2015)
715:
714:
598:
597:
479:
478:
170:
169:
16:(Redirected from
2186:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2110:
2103:
1976:
1866:
1844:Venezuelan Carib
1739:
1732:
1725:
1716:
947:
866:
859:
852:
843:
838:
816:
800:
791:
780:
774:
773:
759:
700:tumour, abscess
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388:
369:
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299:
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267:
260:
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177:Cariban language
166:
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143:
102:
37:
21:
2194:
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2184:
2183:
2159:
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2156:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2079:
2070:Waimirí Atroarí
2004:
1974:
1930:
1919:Mapoyo-Yawarana
1907:Mapoyo–Tamanaku
1902:
1864:
1839:
1783:
1748:
1743:
1713:
1708:
1617:
1591:
1551:
1480:
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1318:
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1177:
1144:
1071:
1033:
942:
936:
896:
875:
870:
828:
825:
820:
819:
813:Wayback Machine
801:
794:
781:
777:
771:
760:
756:
751:
689:night, evening
620:capuchin monkey
616:
603:
504:
322:
288:
217:
212:
162:
146:
139:
129:
103:
100:Language family
98:
92:340 (2010)
89:
88:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2111:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2081:
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2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2014:
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2009:
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2002:
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1992:
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1932:
1931:
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1863:
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1855:
1847:
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1841:
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1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
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1781:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Haitian Creole
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Brazilian Sign
1599:
1597:
1596:Sign languages
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1560:Interlanguages
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
933:
932:
922:
917:
916:
915:
904:
902:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
883:
881:
877:
876:
871:
869:
868:
861:
854:
846:
840:
839:
824:
823:External links
821:
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747:
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669:
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662:
658:
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635:
634:English gloss
632:
629:
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561:
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144:
136:
135:
134:Language codes
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
106:
104:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
57:Native to
54:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2191:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:Guianan Carib
1937:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:Pemóng–Panare
1867:
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1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
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1848:
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1836:
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1700:
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1399:
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1388:
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1380:
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1375:
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1368:
1365:
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1360:
1358:
1355:
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1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
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1159:
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1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
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956:
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952:
948:
945:
939:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
893:
890:
888:
885:
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882:
878:
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862:
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855:
853:
848:
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844:
836:
832:
827:
826:
822:
814:
810:
807:
806:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
779:
776:
769:
768:
763:
758:
755:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:howler monkey
728:
724:
720:
710:
707:
704:
703:
699:
696:
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692:
688:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
660:
659:
655:
652:
649:
648:
644:
641:
638:
637:
633:
631:Capuchin word
630:
627:
626:
623:
621:
613:
611:
609:
600:
591:
587:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
569:
566:
562:
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557:
556:
552:
548:
545:
541:
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536:
532:
530:
527:
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518:
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510:
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507:
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487:
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412:
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387:
382:
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371:
368:
364:
362:
360:
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
342:
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332:
328:
325:
321:
320:
317:
314:
310:
308:
305:
301:
298:
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291:
287:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
253:
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246:
243:
241:
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233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
220:
214:
209:
207:
205:
201:
197:
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190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
165:
161:
159:
158:
153:
149:
145:
142:
137:
132:
122:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
105:
101:
95:
91:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2124:expanding it
2113:
2098:
2085:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2024:
2013:Unclassified
1987:
1967:
1950:
1923:
1895:
1857:
1850:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1803:
1796:
1766:
1622:Non-official
1608:Ka'apor Sign
1191:Akwẽ-Xerénte
1119:
984:Enawenê-Nawê
834:
804:
787:
778:
765:
757:
726:
722:
718:
716:
645:rubber tree
617:
604:
480:
195:
193:
172:
171:
155:
120:
81:Arara people
50:
2050:Paravilyana
1634:Vlax Romani
1613:Terena Sign
1577:Macarrônico
1458:Nambikwaran
1216:Djeoromitxí
735:woodpeckers
628:Normal word
614:Animal talk
449:Approximant
198:along with
2163:Categories
2057:Pawishiana
1852:Tiverikoto
1827:Pimenteira
1762:Hixkaryana
1754:Parukotoan
1572:Lanc-Patuá
1471:Nambikwara
1402:Chapacuran
1377:Tenetehara
1251:Mẽbêngôkre
1211:Chiquitano
1120:Pará Arára
1105:Hixkaryana
941:Indigenous
913:Pomeranian
887:Portuguese
767:Ethnologue
749:References
608:Portuguese
215:Consonants
45:Pará Arára
2088:indicate
1768:Katxúyana
1639:Hungarian
1362:Nheengatu
1357:Munduruku
1347:Kagwahiva
1266:Rikbaktsa
1163:Kashinawa
1019:Wapishana
959:Asháninka
943:languages
739:tortoises
425:Fricative
357:Affricate
290:voiceless
210:Phonology
157:Glottolog
141:ISO 639-3
77:Ethnicity
2032:Japréria
1995:Karihona
1980:Taranoan
1969:Wayumara
1958:Ye'kuana
1946:Kari'nja
1925:Tamanaku
1897:Purukotó
1789:Pekodian
1674:Romanian
1629:Japanese
1522:Katawixi
1517:Kanamarí
1466:Mamaindê
1425:Tukanoan
1372:Tapirapé
1271:Tapayúna
1246:Maxakalí
1221:Kaingang
1183:Macro-Jê
1173:Yaminawa
1135:Ye'kuana
1052:Jamamadí
1024:Warekena
994:Mehinaku
989:Mapidian
974:Barawana
951:Arawakan
809:Archived
230:Alveolar
225:Bilabial
164:para1310
113:Pekodian
2086:Italics
2037:Kuikuro
2026:Boanarí
1989:Akuriyo
1952:Palmela
1881:Makushi
1809:Bakairí
1699:Chinese
1689:Turkish
1684:Tagalog
1679:Russian
1567:Cafundó
1512:Kadiwéu
1507:Irantxe
1497:Arutani
1410:Oro Win
1291:Nadahup
1281:Xavante
1276:Timbira
1231:Kĩsêdjê
1201:Arikapú
1196:Apinajé
1168:Shipibo
1158:Amawaka
1130:Sikiana
1115:Macushi
1095:Bakairi
1077:Cariban
1067:Zuruahá
1062:Paumarí
1009:Tariana
999:Palikúr
964:Atorada
925:Italian
920:Hunsrik
517:Central
245:Glottal
235:Palatal
108:Cariban
2064:Sapará
2020:Apalaí
2000:Tiriyo
1963:Wayana
1914:Kumaná
1886:Panare
1876:Kapóng
1834:Yarumá
1814:Ikpéng
1798:Apingi
1779:Waiwai
1774:Salumá
1704:Slovak
1694:Korean
1669:Polish
1649:French
1644:Arabic
1547:Xukuru
1542:Ticuna
1537:Pirahã
1492:Aikanã
1485:Others
1476:Sabanê
1448:Wanano
1443:Tuyuca
1438:Tukano
1387:Xipaya
1367:Omagua
1342:Juruna
1332:Akwáwa
1324:Tupian
1261:Panará
1236:Krenak
1226:Karajá
1206:Bororo
1150:Panoan
1140:Waiwai
1125:Salumá
1110:Ikpeng
1090:Apalaí
1085:Amonap
1057:Kulina
1039:Arawan
1014:Terêna
1004:Paresi
969:Baniwa
930:Talian
908:German
743:coatis
741:, and
711:water
708:palugu
675:kuligi
664:ikpaga
502:Vowels
324:voiced
204:Yarumá
200:Ikpeng
185:Brazil
67:Region
61:Brazil
51:Parirí
2118:is a
2075:Yukpa
1891:Pemón
1804:Arara
1664:Greek
1654:Dutch
1532:Ninam
1527:Kwaza
1502:Guató
1433:Cubeo
1415:Wariʼ
1352:Kaiwá
1314:Nadëb
1309:Kakwa
1256:Ofayé
1100:Carib
1029:Waurá
762:Arára
723:tɔkpa
686:kɔgɔk
678:bead
656:wasp
642:ɔɛgɛt
512:Front
379:Trill
252:Nasal
240:Velar
189:Arara
175:is a
173:Arára
121:Arára
117:Arara
40:Arára
2120:stub
2043:Opón
1859:Yaio
1820:Juma
1392:Zo'é
1382:Xeta
1047:Deni
979:Baré
727:ĩkpã
719:ikpa
705:paɾu
697:nugu
672:kuɾi
667:mud
661:ikpa
653:aɛge
601:Area
529:High
522:Back
490:and
284:Stop
181:Pará
71:Pará
1304:Hup
1299:Dâw
764:at
683:kɔk
639:ɔɛt
582:Low
559:Mid
403:Tap
179:of
148:aap
2165::
833:.
795:^
786:.
737:,
694:nu
650:aɛ
622:.
498:.
443:)
389:)
386:ʙ̥
367:tʃ
206:.
183:,
2151:e
2144:t
2137:v
2126:.
1738:e
1731:t
1724:v
865:e
858:t
851:v
590:a
574:ɔ
565:ɛ
551:u
544:ɯ
535:i
496:/
494:ɗ
492:/
488:/
486:ɓ
484:/
469:j
462:l
455:w
440:h
437:(
411:ɾ
383:(
347:ɡ
338:d
331:b
313:k
304:t
297:p
274:ŋ
265:n
258:m
34:.
20:)
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