132:
3072:
68:
211:
38:
3040:
3024:
3008:
3056:
420:
233:
about 3 feet (0.91 meters) high. A crew might consist of 20ā30 men, augmented with oarsmen of captured slaves. Small craft would have nine oars per side; larger ones would be double-banked, with an upper tier of oarsmen seated on the bulwark projection hidden behind rattan breastwork. Pirate armament
197:
may come from Malay word meaning "appear before", "forward", "come", "moved to the front", "forward", and "advanced". Thus it can be interpreted as "breastwork before a cannon" or "breastwork at the front". According to the Great
Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), kota mara means (1) Wall on a ship to
102:
can be placed over the top of the apilan. Apilan is not permanent, it can be assembled, disassembled, and moved. The crew of Malay prahu operated the long gun behind an apilan. The apilan usually situated at the bow of a prahu. This gun-shield was only put on when the ship went into action.
169:
are blocks of wood forming part of the framework of the battery in a Malay piratical perahu. These blocks support the base of the benteng. The kota mara is already existed since at least the 8th century A.D., being shown in
249:
This fast and impressive ship is heavily armed to fend off pirates, a real danger at that time. Two heavy muzzle-loading brass guns mounted on carriages are placed on the foredeck pointing forward. A heavy shield, or
131:
228:
wood. Smaller pirate craft put up thick plank bulwarks when fighting, while larger ones like those of the Lanun people had bamboo ledges hanging over their gunwales, with a protecting breastwork of plaited
198:
protect men mounting the cannon (2) Terrace or wall over a castle which a cannon is mounted. According to H. Warington Smyth, kota mara means transverse deck bulkhead at stem and stern (of a ship).
268:
The prahus used by Malay pirates are from eight to ten tons burthen, extremely well manned and remarkably fast, particularly with the paddles commonly used. They are generally armed with
157:
of Malay prahus. The function is to protect the gunner. Contrary to apilan, the kota mara cannot be moved. It is the permanent bulwark of the battery in a Malay piratical ship. The term
951:
222:
recorded Malay piracy near
Singapore waters. The Malay pirate ships of the time were 40ā50 feet (12ā15 m) long with 15-foot (4.6 m) beam. The decks were made of split
234:
included a stockade near the bow, with iron or brass 4-pounders, and another stockade aft, generally with two swivel guns. They also might have four or five brass swivels, or
254:, for the protection of the gunners, is constructed of horizontal beams for which fresh wood had to be used to prevent dangerous splintering when hit by a ball or bullet.
607:
276:
are erected, behind which the crew ensconce themselves, fighting with their long guns until their prey is disabled; or till the gong sound the signal for boarding.
3813:
1396:
944:
3071:
937:
193:
word ą¤ą„ą¤ą„ą¤ (kota) which means fort, fortress, castle, fortified house, fortification, works, city, town, or place encircled by walls. The word
59:
nautical terms which refers to the structure on a vessel where the cannon is installed. This term is used especially on Malay ships and boats.
123:
word, it was not descended from any word. It is also a standalone word, due to the fact that the syllable is api-lan instead of apil-an.
3315:
600:
502:
3171:
1389:
3227:
67:
3834:
593:
272:
on their bows, centre, and stern, of small calibre, but long range. When preparing to attack, strong bulwarks of wood called
3237:
238:, on each side. They have bamboo shields, and were armed with spears, keris, muskets and other firearms they could get.
1382:
210:
150:
3232:
3854:
2586:
1737:
1155:
139:
showing cross section across the center, construction of a firing hole, and the construction of a corner post.
648:
3675:
3849:
3844:
388:
Newbold, T.J. (1836). "Note on the States of Perak, Srimenanti, and other States in the Malay
Peninsula".
224:
3839:
3247:
1500:
466:
242:
56:
3501:
3222:
2525:
1997:
3320:
1797:
3572:
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2830:
2672:
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2489:
2035:
1859:
1445:
743:
703:
3682:
3579:
2615:
2484:
2206:
2099:
1957:
1869:
1854:
1692:
1463:
3310:
2907:
2759:
2385:
2109:
1567:
1405:
908:
903:
873:
828:
758:
693:
3565:
3551:
2984:
2479:
2356:
3689:
3462:
3430:
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3039:
2846:
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1697:
1622:
773:
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713:
498:
3558:
3476:
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2150:
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2512:
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2351:
2332:
2267:
2257:
2089:
1672:
1529:
1217:
753:
678:
37:
3252:
2912:
2825:
2408:
1617:
929:
3207:
3151:
3061:
2976:
2958:
2861:
2736:
2677:
2649:
2520:
2436:
1967:
1727:
1572:
1318:
1088:
838:
643:
479:
2403:
858:
3808:
3625:
3537:
3352:
3300:
3166:
3115:
2935:
2836:
2741:
2708:
2313:
2012:
1962:
1907:
1844:
1722:
1717:
1602:
1592:
1437:
1293:
1135:
1042:
1037:
1022:
980:
848:
808:
728:
688:
171:
120:
3023:
542:
Smyth, H. Warington (May 16, 1902). "Boats and Boat
Building in the Malay Peninsula".
3828:
3618:
3544:
3444:
3437:
2792:
2566:
2395:
2277:
2176:
2135:
2084:
1992:
1947:
1832:
1782:
1762:
1702:
1662:
1486:
1348:
1338:
1288:
1181:
1145:
424:
219:
108:
495:
Southeast Asia over Three
Generations: Essays Presented to Benedict R. O'G. Anderson
3661:
3643:
3411:
2777:
2700:
2166:
2114:
2063:
2027:
2002:
1952:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1827:
1677:
1627:
1539:
1333:
1273:
1140:
793:
723:
617:
292:
3494:
2851:
161:
refers to a peculiar props keeping the gun shield (apilan) in position. The word
3325:
3285:
3258:
3242:
3217:
3202:
2874:
2782:
2769:
2449:
2211:
2145:
2068:
2045:
1972:
1942:
1879:
1732:
1652:
1577:
1534:
1455:
1323:
1232:
1222:
1032:
868:
843:
738:
733:
708:
628:
3611:
3604:
3330:
3305:
3130:
3077:
2949:
2713:
2503:
1772:
1757:
1712:
1473:
1227:
1191:
1093:
995:
985:
813:
748:
673:
663:
575:
H. H. Frese. (1956). Small Craft in the
Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.
307:
301:
269:
174:
136:
99:
87:
31:
563:
Between 2 Oceans (2nd Edn): A Military
History of Singapore from 1275 to 1971
3388:
3295:
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3007:
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2691:
2305:
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2227:
2053:
1982:
1812:
1742:
1707:
1642:
1559:
1481:
1278:
1263:
1186:
1119:
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913:
883:
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818:
633:
328:
585:
3781:
3763:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3346:
3264:
3186:
3120:
2917:
2879:
2810:
2731:
2540:
2444:
2318:
2282:
2247:
2237:
2155:
2140:
2124:
2119:
2094:
2079:
2073:
2017:
1987:
1902:
1889:
1874:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1747:
1657:
1612:
1587:
1549:
1544:
1524:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1283:
1253:
1212:
1165:
1103:
1078:
975:
893:
833:
803:
778:
683:
653:
190:
154:
95:
3055:
518:
3707:
3597:
3383:
3378:
2884:
2841:
2820:
2815:
2471:
2455:
2426:
2374:
2288:
2191:
2186:
2171:
1927:
1767:
1687:
1682:
1647:
1637:
1607:
1268:
1258:
1196:
1150:
1083:
1027:
798:
783:
763:
698:
235:
17:
3519:
3373:
3212:
3125:
2966:
2927:
2723:
2625:
2610:
2571:
2548:
2460:
2272:
2217:
2201:
2196:
2181:
2130:
2007:
1977:
1937:
1917:
1849:
1839:
1822:
1817:
1807:
1667:
1632:
1597:
1511:
1428:
1374:
1363:
1328:
1098:
1073:
1068:
1052:
990:
898:
888:
853:
638:
354:
A Descriptive
Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries
313:
230:
91:
72:
458:
3045:
2894:
2802:
2636:
2576:
2294:
2242:
2222:
2161:
2104:
2058:
1897:
1752:
1582:
1519:
1248:
1160:
918:
878:
668:
658:
319:
209:
130:
66:
36:
423:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3176:
2644:
2379:
2366:
1864:
1298:
1047:
863:
788:
519:"MARA - Definition and synonyms of mara in the Malay dictionary"
3409:
3097:
1416:
1378:
933:
589:
3269:
2659:
264:
Lieutenant T.J. Newbold record about the Malay pirate prahu:
241:
H. H. Frese description of personal ship of the Sultan of
214:
Detail of a lanong. Apilan and sunting apilan can be seen.
111:
or light guns standing on the gun-shield of a heavy gun.
30:
For the floating battery of Banjar and Dayak people, see
444:
Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat
297:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
333:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
324:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
3773:
3699:
3653:
3635:
3589:
3529:
3511:
3486:
3454:
3422:
3366:
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3195:
3139:
3108:
2975:
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2948:
2926:
2893:
2860:
2801:
2768:
2750:
2722:
2699:
2690:
2658:
2635:
2585:
2557:
2539:
2511:
2502:
2470:
2435:
2417:
2394:
2365:
2342:
2331:
2304:
2044:
2026:
1888:
1558:
1510:
1499:
1472:
1454:
1436:
1427:
1311:
1241:
1205:
1174:
1128:
1112:
1061:
1015:
1004:
968:
497:. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 94.
281:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 5
94:where cannons are placed. It has a hole to place
565:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.
372:An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary (Romanised)
266:
247:
3814:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
1390:
945:
601:
459:"2016 Gambar Dan Tabel Perahu MSI short1.pdf"
27:Structure for mounting cannons in Malay prahu
8:
316: ā Type of warship from the Philippines
165:is also used for this permanent breastwork.
3419:
3406:
3105:
3094:
2954:
2696:
2508:
2339:
1507:
1433:
1424:
1413:
1397:
1383:
1375:
1012:
952:
938:
930:
608:
594:
586:
331: ā Narrow war canoe from Philippines
390:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
304: ā Indonesian medieval sailing ship
202:itself means fort, battery, or redoubt.
442:Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008).
416:. Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, limited.
374:. Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S Government Press.
344:
475:
464:
446:. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
7:
437:
435:
433:
407:
405:
403:
383:
381:
365:
363:
75:warship with apilan mounting 2 guns.
3316:Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere
3286:Austronesian maritime trade network
25:
412:Wilkinson, Richard James (1901).
370:Wilkinson, Richard James (1908).
322: ā Dayak prahu with lug sail
310: ā Floating fort from Borneo
3172:Polynesian multihull terminology
3070:
3054:
3038:
3022:
3006:
418:
3228:Makassan contact with Australia
3099:Ship construction & sailing
185:The term comes from Malay word
3455:Federated States of Micronesia
544:Journal of the Society of Arts
1:
963:traditional vessels and sails
295: ā Javanese sailing ship
189:which in turn comes from the
3238:Marshall Islands stick chart
561:Murfett, Malcolm H. (2011).
550:: 570ā588 – via JSTOR.
41:Malay prahu warboat (1863).
3871:
414:A Malay-English dictionary
29:
3799:
3418:
3405:
3104:
3093:
2999:
1423:
1412:
969:Type of sails and rigging
624:
493:Siegel, James T. (2018).
396:– via Google Books.
107:is the name given to two
1156:Lepa-lepa (dugout canoe)
649:Apparent wind indicator
352:Crawfurd, John (1856).
3233:MÄori migration canoes
2382: (Waqa tabu)
2297: (Dapang, Pilang)
2214: (Kumpit, Pidlas)
474:Cite journal requires
284:
262:
215:
140:
76:
42:
3835:Watercraft components
3676:Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti
3248:Polynesian navigation
1005:Naval & merchant
579:42 : 2, 101-112.
577:The Mariner's Mirror.
356:. Bradbury and Evans.
213:
134:
70:
40:
3321:Sepik Coast exchange
3301:Lapita trade network
2127: (Birok, Bidok)
259:The Mariner's Mirror
3626:Spirit of Majapahit
218:Singapore resident
3729:Masawa Hong Butuan
3311:Maritime Silk Road
3223:List of MÄori waka
1406:Austronesian ships
216:
206:Example on records
141:
137:lanting kotta mara
77:
43:
3822:
3821:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3722:Lahi ng Maharlika
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3358:Cirebon shipwreck
3270:Yapese navigation
3089:
3088:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2944:
2943:
2686:
2685:
2587:Northern Marianas
2498:
2497:
2344:Admiralty Islands
2327:
2326:
1495:
1494:
1372:
1371:
1307:
1306:
927:
926:
119:Apilan is a true
16:(Redirected from
3862:
3487:French Polynesia
3420:
3407:
3291:Hiri trade cycle
3106:
3095:
3074:
3058:
3042:
3026:
3010:
2955:
2697:
2559:Marshall Islands
2513:Caroline Islands
2509:
2419:Papua New Guinea
2340:
2285: (Tinimbao)
2090:Bangka anak-anak
2076: (Barangay)
1998:Perahu tambangan
1673:Jukung tambangan
1508:
1434:
1425:
1414:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1218:Jukung tambangan
1013:
1009:(by origin date)
954:
947:
940:
931:
704:Carpenter's walk
610:
603:
596:
587:
580:
573:
567:
566:
558:
552:
551:
539:
533:
532:
530:
529:
515:
509:
508:
490:
484:
483:
477:
472:
470:
462:
461:(in Indonesian).
457:Liebner, Horst.
454:
448:
447:
439:
428:
422:
421:
417:
409:
398:
397:
385:
376:
375:
367:
358:
357:
349:
334:
325:
298:
282:
260:
98:, and sometimes
86:) is the wooden
21:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3855:Naval artillery
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3787:
3769:
3764:Sultan sin Sulu
3695:
3649:
3631:
3585:
3525:
3507:
3482:
3450:
3414:
3393:
3362:
3335:
3274:
3208:Fealofani Bruun
3191:
3152:Lashed-lug boat
3135:
3100:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
2989:
2971:
2940:
2922:
2889:
2862:Society Islands
2856:
2797:
2764:
2746:
2718:
2682:
2654:
2631:
2581:
2553:
2535:
2494:
2466:
2437:Solomon Islands
2431:
2413:
2390:
2361:
2334:
2323:
2300:
2040:
2022:
1884:
1554:
1502:
1491:
1468:
1450:
1419:
1408:
1403:
1373:
1368:
1312:Fishing vessels
1303:
1237:
1201:
1170:
1124:
1108:
1057:
1008:
1006:
1000:
964:
958:
928:
923:
839:Quarter gallery
644:Anchor windlass
620:
614:
584:
583:
574:
570:
560:
559:
555:
541:
540:
536:
527:
525:
517:
516:
512:
505:
492:
491:
487:
473:
463:
456:
455:
451:
441:
440:
431:
419:
411:
410:
401:
387:
386:
379:
369:
368:
361:
351:
350:
346:
341:
332:
323:
296:
289:
283:
280:
261:
258:
208:
183:
129:
117:
90:found in Malay
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3809:Lapita culture
3806:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3750:Sama Tawi-Tawi
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3715:Diwata ng Lahi
3711:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3598:Alfred Wallace
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3538:Alingano Maisu
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3353:Borobudur ship
3350:
3349:(Butuan boats)
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:Outrigger boat
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:Crab claw sail
3112:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
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2963:
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2952:
2946:
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2941:
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2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2891:
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2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
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2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
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2799:
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2780:
2774:
2772:
2766:
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2694:
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2675:
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2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
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2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2314:Sampan panjang
2310:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:Sampan panjang
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1845:Sampan panjang
1842:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
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1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Borobudur ship
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1503:Southeast Asia
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
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1394:
1387:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1294:Sampan panjang
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Borobudur ship
1019:
1017:
1010:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
965:
959:
957:
956:
949:
942:
934:
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
794:Keel (Canting)
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
625:
622:
621:
615:
613:
612:
605:
598:
590:
582:
581:
568:
553:
534:
523:educalingo.com
510:
503:
485:
476:|journal=
449:
429:
399:
377:
359:
343:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
326:
317:
311:
305:
299:
288:
285:
278:
256:
207:
204:
182:
179:
172:Borobudur ship
159:saga kota mara
128:
125:
116:
113:
105:Sunting apilan
64:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3867:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Salvo weapons
3848:
3846:
3845:Naval warfare
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:Samudra Raksa
3616:
3614:
3613:
3612:Nur Al Marege
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3445:Te Au o Tonga
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:Marumaru Atua
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3412:Ship replicas
3408:
3404:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3079:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3047:
3041:
3031:
3025:
3015:
3009:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:(Flying proa)
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2396:Green Islands
2393:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Perahu payang
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Knabat bogolu
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:Knabat bogolu
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
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425:public domain
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220:John Crawfurd
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167:Ambong-ambong
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19:
3840:Shipbuilding
3803:
3780:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3736:Raya Kolambu
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3688:
3683:PÅ«maiterangi
3681:
3674:
3667:
3662:Aotearoa One
3660:
3644:Naga Pelangi
3642:
3624:
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3610:
3603:
3596:
3578:
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3564:
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3543:
3536:
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3493:
3475:
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3443:
3436:
3429:
3423:Cook Islands
3257:
2701:Cook Islands
859:Ship's wheel
724:Companionway
618:sailing ship
576:
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526:. Retrieved
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143:
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135:Sketch of a
118:
104:
83:
79:
78:
52:
49:
45:
44:
3743:Raya Siyagu
3700:Philippines
3654:New Zealand
3605:Hati Marege
3340:Archaeology
3326:Spice trade
3243:Mau Piailug
3203:Fanuankuwel
3030:Wa'a kaulua
2783:Waka hourua
2770:New Zealand
2760:Vaka touŹ»ua
2742:WaŹ»a kaulua
2146:Chinedkeran
2046:Philippines
1718:K'un-lun po
1038:K'un-lun po
844:Quarterdeck
734:Daggerboard
729:Crow's nest
709:Centreboard
679:Bow or prow
629:Aftercastle
616:Parts of a
245:from 1883:
3829:Categories
3566:Hokualakai
3552:Hikianalia
3545:HawaiŹ»iloa
3502:Tahiti Nui
3331:Trepanging
3306:Lingling-o
3196:Navigation
3131:Tanja sail
3126:Pinisi rig
3078:Padewakang
2985:Laka fiara
2950:Madagascar
2793:Waka tīwai
2714:Vaka katea
2607:(Agaraide)
2504:Micronesia
2463:(Mon, Ora)
1773:Padewakang
1758:Malangbang
1713:Kotta mara
1418:Ship types
1228:Padewakang
1192:Kotta mara
1094:Malangbang
996:Tanja sail
991:Pinisi rig
961:Indonesian
814:Orlop deck
749:Forecastle
744:Figurehead
674:Boom brake
664:Bilgeboard
528:2020-01-19
339:References
308:Kotta mara
302:Malangbang
175:bas relief
151:breastwork
100:swivel gun
32:Kotta mara
3804:See also:
3757:Sarimanok
3690:Te Aurere
3590:Indonesia
3495:FaŹ»afaite
3463:Halametaw
3431:Maire Nui
3389:Kota mara
3296:Kula ring
3182:Sewn boat
3162:Outrigger
3157:Multihull
3147:Catamaran
3014:Ipanitika
2903:Hamatafua
2852:VaŹ»a-tele
2788:Waka taua
2752:Marquesas
2692:Polynesia
2335:Melanesia
2306:Singapore
2253:Salisipan
2228:Panineman
2054:Armadahan
1983:Pencalang
1813:Pencalang
1743:Leti leti
1738:Lepa-Lepa
1708:Kora kora
1643:Janggolan
1560:Indonesia
1482:Ipanitika
1279:Leti leti
1264:Janggolan
1187:Kora kora
1120:Pencalang
986:Nade sail
981:Lete sail
976:Junk sail
914:Whipstaff
884:Sternpost
874:Starboard
824:Poop deck
819:Outrigger
634:Afterdeck
329:Salisipan
181:Etymology
127:Kota mara
115:Etymology
88:gunshield
3782:Gaualofa
3636:Malaysia
3580:Makali'i
3559:HÅkÅ«leŹ»a
3347:Balangay
3265:Weriyeng
3259:TÄkitimu
3218:KafeÅoor
3187:Trimaran
3121:Junk rig
2977:Sakalava
2959:Malagasy
2918:Tongiaki
2880:Tipairua
2847:VaŹ»a-alo
2833:(Foulua)
2605:GalaideŹ»
2541:Kiribati
2452:(Solima)
2445:Binabina
2319:Tongkang
2283:Tilimbao
2248:Salambaw
2238:Pangayaw
2233:Pasaplap
2158:(Balutu)
2156:Djenging
2141:Chinarem
2095:Basnigan
2074:Balangay
2069:BalaciĆ³n
2018:Tongkang
1988:Penjajap
1968:Lancaran
1903:Bangkong
1890:Malaysia
1875:Tongkang
1803:Patorani
1793:Penjajap
1788:Paledang
1778:Paduwang
1748:Lis-alis
1728:Lancaran
1698:Kolekole
1658:Jongkong
1623:Fakatora
1613:Chialoup
1588:Bangkong
1550:Tongkang
1545:Penjajap
1525:Bangkong
1359:Patorani
1354:Paledang
1344:Paduwang
1284:Lis-alis
1254:Bangkong
1213:Chialoup
1166:Penjajap
1104:Tongkang
1089:Lancaran
1079:Jongkong
1007:vessels
894:Taffrail
834:Porthole
804:Leeboard
779:Jackline
684:Bowsprit
654:Beakhead
287:See also
279:ā
257:ā
191:Sanskrit
155:casement
96:long gun
55:are two
3708:Balatik
3477:Sailoam
3384:Daramba
3379:Burulan
3109:Rigging
2821:Fautasi
2816:Amatasi
2668:Chugpin
2531:Waserak
2472:Vanuatu
2456:Tepukei
2427:Lakatoi
2375:Camakau
2289:Tiririt
2263:Seberen
2192:Karakoa
2187:Junkung
2172:Guilalo
2151:Dinahit
1963:Lancang
1928:Cerucuh
1908:Banting
1798:Pangkur
1768:Orembai
1723:Lancang
1688:Kelulus
1683:Kalulis
1648:Jellore
1638:Golekan
1608:Cerucuh
1593:Banting
1438:Kavalan
1269:Jellore
1259:Golekan
1242:19th c.
1206:18th c.
1197:Orembai
1175:17th c.
1151:Kalulis
1136:Banting
1129:16th c.
1113:15th c.
1084:Kelulus
1062:14th c.
1043:Lancang
1028:Cerucuh
1016:Ancient
909:Transom
784:Jibboom
764:Gunwale
759:Gangway
719:Cockpit
699:Cathead
694:Capstan
274:Apilans
270:swivels
236:rantaka
200:Benteng
163:benteng
149:is the
84:ampilan
71:Iranun
3669:Haunui
3573:Iosepa
3530:Hawaii
3374:Apilan
3213:Hipour
2967:Lakana
2936:Paopao
2928:Tuvalu
2870:Ivahah
2837:Paopao
2831:Lualua
2724:Hawaii
2626:Sakman
2611:Ladjak
2600:Duduli
2595:Duding
2572:Tipnol
2567:Korkor
2549:Baurua
2490:Wangga
2461:Tomako
2352:Endrol
2333:Island
2291:(Buti)
2278:Tempel
2273:Tataya
2268:Tapake
2258:Sapyaw
2218:Ontang
2202:Lanong
2197:Kulibo
2182:Junkun
2177:Juanga
2131:Buggoh
2125:Biroko
2085:Bangka
2080:Baloto
2036:Kabang
2008:Sampan
1978:Pelang
1948:Juanga
1938:Ghurab
1918:Buggoh
1860:Sekong
1850:Sandeq
1840:Sampan
1833:Palari
1823:Pinisi
1818:Perahu
1808:Pelang
1783:Pajala
1763:Mayang
1668:Jukung
1663:Juanga
1633:Ghurab
1598:Benawa
1530:Gubang
1512:Brunei
1501:Island
1487:Tatara
1446:Mangka
1429:Taiwan
1364:Sandeq
1349:Pajala
1339:Mayang
1329:Jukung
1289:Palari
1146:Juanga
1099:Pelang
1074:Ghurab
1069:Benawa
1053:Sampan
1048:Perahu
899:Tiller
889:Strake
854:Rudder
799:Kelson
714:Chains
639:Anchor
501:
314:Lanong
252:apilan
231:rattan
225:nibong
92:prahus
80:Apilan
73:lanong
63:Apilan
46:Apilan
18:Apilan
3774:Samoa
3520:Saina
3470:Quest
3367:Other
3279:Trade
3253:Rapwi
3046:Paraw
2913:PÅpao
2908:Kalia
2895:Tonga
2826:LaŹ»au
2811:Ź»alia
2803:Samoa
2732:MÄlia
2673:Popow
2637:Palau
2621:Panga
2616:Lelek
2577:Walap
2485:Angga
2409:TsĒne
2386:Takia
2295:Vinta
2243:Paraw
2223:Owong
2207:Lapis
2167:Garay
2162:Falua
2136:Casco
2120:Biray
2115:Birau
2105:Bigiw
2100:Batil
2064:Awang
2059:Avang
2028:Moken
2003:Pinas
1958:Kolek
1953:Kakap
1933:Ghali
1923:Birau
1913:Bedar
1898:Bajak
1870:Teneh
1855:Sarua
1828:Lambo
1753:Londe
1693:Kolay
1678:Kakap
1628:Ghali
1618:Eloha
1583:Bajak
1573:Bagan
1540:Kakap
1520:Bajak
1334:Kakap
1319:Bagan
1274:Lambo
1249:Bajak
1161:Londe
1141:Ghali
919:Winch
754:Frame
689:Cable
669:Bitts
659:Bilge
320:Bajak
121:Malay
109:lelas
57:Malay
3512:Guam
3177:Proa
3140:Hull
2885:VaŹ»a
2875:Pahi
2842:VaŹ»a
2778:Waka
2737:WaŹ»a
2709:Vaka
2645:Kaep
2526:Wahr
2450:Lisi
2380:Drua
2367:Fiji
2212:Lepa
2110:Bilo
1973:Lepa
1943:Jong
1880:Toop
1865:Solu
1733:Lepa
1653:Jong
1578:Bago
1568:Abak
1535:Jong
1464:Ruza
1456:Thao
1324:Bago
1299:Solu
1233:Toop
1223:Lepa
1033:Jong
869:Stem
864:Skeg
829:Port
809:Mast
789:Keel
774:Hull
769:Head
739:Deck
499:ISBN
480:help
293:Jong
243:Riau
195:mara
187:kota
147:mara
144:Kota
82:(or
53:mara
50:kota
48:and
2660:Yap
2480:Aka
2404:KĒp
2357:Kel
1474:Tao
904:Top
849:Rib
153:or
3831::
3062:Wa
2678:Wa
2650:Wa
2521:Wa
548:50
546:.
521:.
471::
469:}}
465:{{
432:^
402:^
392:.
380:^
362:^
177:.
1398:e
1391:t
1384:v
953:e
946:t
939:v
609:e
602:t
595:v
531:.
507:.
482:)
478:(
427:.
394:5
34:.
20:)
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