104:
129:
4628:
246:
627:
and not a tuber, experience a natural rest period, corresponding to their habitat drying out in the wild. The Asian species may also have a rest period, but this is related only to temperature. As the plant stops growing, it can be taken out of the pond or aquarium and put in a bowl of damp sand.
513:
592:
388:, has been continuously maintained as a plant in garden ponds. Several of the eleven Madagascan species have been introduced as new aquarium plants in the early 21st century. At present, the following plants from Madagascar are in culture:
550:
species go through resting and growth phases in their natural locations, triggered by the local ecological conditions. During growth periods, the plant will deposit proteins, fats, carbohydrates and mineral substances in the storage
1137:
436:
have been imported on several occasions but have not achieved any wider distribution because they are difficult to maintain. From the sixteen representatives of this genus from Asia and
Australia,
539:
during drought conditions. Most species grow from tubers. Most Asian species remain submerged all year round, while the starchy tubercles of the
African species are able to survive the
381:
Generally an
Aponogeton from Asia will have a single bloom stalk, while those from African heritage (including Madagascar) will have multiple blooming stems on the same flower stalk.
611:) require special handling as they prefer cooler water – 70 °F (21 °C) as a maximum. As of 2010, the Australian species exist in very small numbers in the hobby trade.
1319:
5049:
583:. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia' records that "The tuberous roots of these water-plants are starchy, and of excellent taste, though not large".
1216:
Chen, L-Y.; Grimm, G. W.; Wang, Q-F.; Renner, S. S. (2015). "A phylogeny and biogeographic analysis for the Cape-Pondweed family
Aponogetonaceae (Alismatales)".
4913:
1403:
628:
Keep the bowl in a dark, cool place, with the sand kept damp, for approximately 2–3 months at a temperature of about 50–64 °F (10–18 °C), until small
927:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III",
972:
4835:
1451:
1327:
563:
species have a high resistance to drying out. This ability to store water is exploited, for instance, in the annual export of thousands of dormant
4887:
4848:
4949:
996:
4744:
559:
During the resting period, the tuber survives in the soil in order to again sprout during the following vegetation period. Tubers in
504:, approximately 46 and 44-40 million years old respectively, indicating that the genus likely originated in the Northern Hemisphere.
4749:
1396:
1264:
1187:
103:
1280:
4874:
4988:
1287:
1073:
4892:
4900:
1430:
493:
4631:
1456:
1446:
1389:
5034:
4718:
4705:
798:
402:
128:
5044:
4993:
4962:
830:
790:
396:
4918:
222:
894:
1441:
4967:
862:
659:
651:
575:
The tubers of several species are eaten by humans and their livestock. Some are grown as ornamental plants in
432:
299:, most of which have been included in a molecular phylogeny by Chen et al. (2015). The name was published in
5039:
4822:
1292:
854:
846:
752:
677:
450:
414:
204:
822:
806:
725:
468:
456:
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1303:
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741:
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390:
301:
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766:
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4827:
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1324:
1027:
902:
774:
733:
693:
426:
112:
1311:
480:
1298:
1200:
4928:
4757:
1225:
1102:
886:
709:
462:
420:
4853:
5029:
1091:"A phylogeny and biogeographic analysis for the Cape-Pondweed family Aponogetonaceae (Alismatales)"
878:
408:
366:
Individual plants are not always easy to identify due to hybridization (particularly those sold as
760:
5001:
4954:
4809:
4471:
3689:
3581:
3205:
1692:
1436:
1370:
1090:
717:
667:
438:
123:
512:
484:, too, were cultivated several times but have not proven themselves under aquarium conditions.
4936:
4731:
4428:
4227:
3779:
3639:
3568:
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3372:
3258:
3175:
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4262:
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4018:
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3923:
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3397:
3334:
3278:
3253:
2999:
2904:
2871:
2661:
2575:
2570:
2545:
2446:
2408:
2316:
1980:
1843:
1818:
1813:
1606:
1523:
1354:
1233:
1110:
1039:
946:
936:
756:
314:
4686:
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4247:
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3699:
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3629:
3445:
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3210:
3180:
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2989:
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2914:
2666:
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2413:
2308:
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1975:
1960:
1823:
1649:
1556:
1413:
1331:
1273:
1268:
1077:
267:
166:
1259:
527:
grow in temporarily still or flowing waters and live through the dry period as a dormant
4788:
1381:
1229:
1106:
4585:
4575:
4557:
4529:
4491:
4481:
4433:
4400:
4390:
4385:
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4204:
4189:
4074:
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3928:
3918:
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3724:
3659:
3649:
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3319:
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2853:
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2418:
2275:
2167:
2144:
2106:
2083:
2073:
1876:
1738:
1677:
1541:
153:
632:
are seen to sprout from the tuber, when they can be returned to the pond or aquarium.
5023:
4567:
4496:
4466:
4443:
4438:
4423:
4375:
4342:
4337:
4272:
4066:
4051:
3998:
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3764:
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2202:
2177:
2149:
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2058:
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1970:
1937:
1904:
1899:
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1858:
1848:
1828:
1798:
1730:
1697:
1687:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1503:
1485:
1417:
1089:
Chen, Ling-Yun; Grimm, Guido W.; Wang, Qing-Feng; Renner, Susanne S. (January 2015).
941:
607:
species are easy to grow when their preferences are met. The
Madagascar lace plants (
356:
326:
296:
282:
179:
61:
1374:
1165:
5006:
4736:
4506:
4501:
4486:
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4282:
4252:
4209:
4199:
4153:
4130:
4120:
4092:
3993:
3973:
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3885:
3832:
3754:
3709:
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3624:
3614:
3604:
3496:
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3415:
3329:
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2979:
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2899:
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2876:
2848:
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2800:
2757:
2724:
2709:
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2648:
2585:
2580:
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2464:
2403:
2398:
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2265:
2225:
2159:
2139:
2129:
2121:
2088:
2048:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1927:
1922:
1886:
1803:
1682:
1639:
1536:
1513:
1477:
496:) of Wyoming in North America, approximately 82-84 million years old. Other fossil
348:
4697:
4710:
1070:
4905:
4861:
4680:
4461:
4357:
4317:
4292:
4287:
4277:
4145:
4135:
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4107:
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4008:
4003:
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3817:
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3619:
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3301:
3296:
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3200:
3160:
3142:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3009:
3004:
2969:
2863:
2820:
2795:
2719:
2691:
2686:
2525:
2502:
2487:
2456:
2375:
2250:
2230:
2192:
2043:
2038:
2015:
2000:
1942:
1932:
1838:
1833:
1785:
1702:
1626:
1611:
1588:
1583:
1508:
1495:
1237:
1114:
338:
271:
189:
36:
1044:
277:
In recent decades the family has had universal recognition by taxonomists. The
245:
4544:
4534:
4511:
4395:
4332:
4267:
4194:
4171:
4097:
4043:
3953:
3807:
3794:
3769:
3749:
3501:
3483:
3455:
3425:
3420:
3352:
3311:
3288:
3225:
3215:
3165:
3150:
3079:
3034:
3019:
2929:
2830:
2810:
2772:
2752:
2474:
2380:
2260:
2245:
2235:
1965:
1914:
1853:
1808:
1659:
1616:
1575:
1566:
591:
540:
532:
278:
81:
46:
4671:
1366:
1358:
1207:
Board of
Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
1006:
4783:
4770:
4552:
4521:
4453:
4322:
4181:
4163:
4115:
4084:
4013:
3958:
3895:
3880:
3865:
3802:
3784:
3719:
3694:
3531:
3435:
3387:
3367:
3014:
2919:
2894:
2365:
2357:
2255:
2220:
2197:
2187:
2172:
2111:
2068:
2028:
2005:
1775:
1707:
1598:
988:
352:
86:
4980:
1245:
1122:
492:
The oldest known fossils of the genus are pollen from the Late
Cretaceous (
4975:
4665:
4405:
4327:
4237:
4219:
3968:
3905:
3857:
3847:
3704:
3521:
3407:
3382:
3344:
3185:
3054:
3039:
2825:
2815:
2790:
2747:
2714:
2623:
2550:
2347:
2330:
2182:
2098:
1952:
1767:
1757:
1669:
1028:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
745:
576:
536:
286:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
4840:
4367:
4033:
3132:
3087:
2782:
2734:
2701:
2615:
2339:
2285:
1793:
951:
624:
552:
524:
230:
91:
66:
305:
32: 214 (1782) and is derived from a geographic location neighboring (
4866:
2638:
2605:
2212:
2023:
1295:: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
629:
501:
384:
Even though seventeen species are found in Africa, only one of them,
360:
330:
4642:
1338:
1299:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/
4879:
4775:
590:
556:
528:
511:
310:
140:
4762:
1337:
Les, Donald H.; Moody, Michael L.; Jacobs, Surrey W. L. (2005).
580:
334:
4646:
1385:
1139:
The useful native plants of
Australia : Including Tasmania
963:
961:
1058:
991:: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung: i–viii, 1–76.
329:, which are found in tropical to warm temperate regions of
295:, with 56 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ) of
619:
The
African species in particular, (with the exception of
543:
by shedding their leaves and undergoing a dormant period.
567:
specimens, shipped in large bags in a totally dry state.
500:
pollen is known from Canada and Greenland, dating to the
1261:
Illustrated Success with easy-growing Aponogeton plants
285:(2003) treat it in the order Alismatales in the clade
4655:
4584:
4566:
4543:
4520:
4452:
4414:
4366:
4355:
4218:
4180:
4162:
4144:
4106:
4083:
4065:
4042:
4031:
3904:
3856:
3845:
3793:
3590:
3567:
3556:
3482:
3464:
3406:
3343:
3310:
3287:
3239:
3141:
3130:
3078:
2885:
2862:
2839:
2781:
2733:
2700:
2647:
2636:
2614:
2603:
2511:
2500:
2473:
2455:
2437:
2389:
2356:
2338:
2329:
2307:
2298:
2211:
2158:
2120:
2097:
2014:
1951:
1913:
1885:
1867:
1784:
1766:
1751:
1729:
1720:
1668:
1625:
1597:
1574:
1565:
1554:
1522:
1494:
1476:
1465:
1069:Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M. J. (1992 onwards):
1026:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
1290:in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
1397:
8:
519:, habit, showing aerial and submerged parts
4643:
4363:
4039:
4028:
3853:
3842:
3564:
3138:
2644:
2633:
2611:
2600:
2508:
2497:
2335:
2304:
1763:
1726:
1571:
1562:
1473:
1404:
1390:
1382:
1343:(Aponogetonaceae): The Australian Species"
370:- which are often cultivated hybrids with
244:
102:
20:
1043:
950:
940:
289:. The family consists of only one genus,
929:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
5050:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus the Younger
919:
309:) the Apono tribal district of coastal
1218:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1095:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
4994:46086095-6942-4653-8170-a92158dc8cf0
4929:7b6f38b1-80bb-4996-866c-92e6381c0d1d
351:but has become naturalised in South
1164:African Flowering Plants Database:
1275:Aponogeton Family by Karen Randall
14:
4968:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331137-2
4627:
4626:
1293:The families of flowering plants
942:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
535:plants with milky sap, becoming
127:
1180:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1142:. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
118:inflorescence at water surface
1339:"Phylogeny and Systematics of
1038:(3). Magnolia Press: 201–217.
1:
1282:Aponogetons by Karen Randall
1201:Plants of the world online:
466:are useful aquarium plants.
1238:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.007
1199:Govaerts, R. et al. (2019)
1115:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.007
799:Aponogeton madagascariensis
599:with a triple flower spike.
313:. Some species are used as
5068:
1045:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
895:Aponogeton vallisnerioides
831:Aponogeton ranunculiflorus
818:(L.) Engl. & K. Krause
791:Aponogeton longiplumulosus
4622:
2632:
1425:
834:Jacot Guill. & Marais
531:. They are fully aquatic
243:
236:
229:
124:Scientific classification
122:
110:
101:
23:
1359:10.1600/0363644054782215
1178:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
973:"Monograph of the genus
863:Aponogeton subconjugatus
660:Aponogeton angustifolius
652:Aponogeton afroviolaceus
1312:Aponogetonaceae in the
1297:Version: 9 March 2006.
1076:April 24, 2006, at the
847:Aponogeton rigidifolius
678:Aponogeton bernierianus
415:Aponogeton bernierianus
16:Genus of aquatic plants
1314:Flora of North America
866:Schumach. & Thonn.
855:Aponogeton stuhlmannii
783:Aponogeton lakhonensis
753:Aponogeton euryspermus
686:Aponogeton boivinianus
644:Aponogeton abyssinicus
600:
520:
391:Aponogeton boivinianus
302:Supplementum Plantarum
1320:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
1136:J. H. Maiden (1889).
969:van Bruggen, H. W. E.
903:Aponogeton satarensis
823:Aponogeton nudiflorus
807:Aponogeton natalensis
734:Aponogeton distachyos
726:Aponogeton desertorum
594:
515:
469:Aponogeton jacobensii
345:Aponogeton distachyos
1325:links at CSDL, Texas
981:Bibliotheca Botanica
887:Aponogeton undulatus
871:Aponogeton troupinii
839:Aponogeton rehmannii
742:Aponogeton elongatus
710:Aponogeton capuronii
260:Cape-pondweed family
1230:2015MolPE..82..111C
1154:Nature and Aquarium
1107:2015MolPE..82..111C
879:Aponogeton ulvaceus
767:Aponogeton fotianus
729:Zeyh. ex A. Spreng.
702:Aponogeton bullosus
647:Hochst. ex A. Rich.
403:A. madagascariensis
347:is originally from
5035:Alismatales genera
4472:Pentaphragmataceae
3690:Stegnospermataceae
3582:Berberidopsidaceae
3206:Pentadiplandraceae
1693:Atherospermataceae
1330:2007-03-02 at the
1267:2014-01-16 at the
977:(Aponogetonaceae)"
802:(Mirb.) H. Bruggen
775:Aponogeton junceus
718:Aponogeton crispus
694:Aponogeton bogneri
668:Aponogeton azureus
609:A. madagascarensis
601:
521:
397:A. longiplumulosus
266:) are a family of
5045:Freshwater plants
5017:
5016:
4937:Open Tree of Life
4649:Taxon identifiers
4640:
4639:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4429:Cardiopteridaceae
4351:
4350:
4228:Plocospermataceae
4027:
4026:
3841:
3840:
3780:Anacampserotaceae
3640:Ancistrocladaceae
3569:Berberidopsidales
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3492:Biebersteiniaceae
3373:Sphaerosepalaceae
3259:Strasburgeriaceae
3176:Setchellanthaceae
3126:
3125:
2599:
2598:
2541:Cercidiphyllaceae
2496:
2495:
2325:
2324:
2294:
2293:
1747:
1746:
1716:
1715:
1550:
1549:
1532:Austrobaileyaceae
1347:Systematic Botany
998:978-3-510-48008-1
815:Aponogeton natans
794:H. Bruggen (1968)
315:ornamental plants
264:aponogeton family
252:
251:
225:
207:
5057:
5010:
5009:
4997:
4996:
4984:
4983:
4971:
4970:
4958:
4957:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4909:
4908:
4906:NHMSYS0000455996
4896:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4870:
4869:
4857:
4856:
4844:
4843:
4831:
4830:
4818:
4817:
4805:
4804:
4792:
4791:
4779:
4778:
4766:
4765:
4753:
4752:
4740:
4739:
4727:
4726:
4714:
4713:
4701:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4644:
4630:
4629:
4364:
4313:Thomandersiaceae
4303:Lentibulariaceae
4263:Scrophulariaceae
4243:Tetrachondraceae
4040:
4029:
4019:Mitrastemonaceae
3949:Pentaphylacaceae
3924:Tetrameristaceae
3871:Hydrostachyaceae
3854:
3843:
3645:Rhabdodendraceae
3635:Dioncophyllaceae
3565:
3398:Dipterocarpaceae
3335:Dipentodontaceae
3279:Crossosomataceae
3254:Geissolomataceae
3139:
3000:Chrysobalanaceae
2905:Ctenolophonaceae
2872:Lepidobotryaceae
2662:Anisophylleaceae
2645:
2634:
2612:
2601:
2576:Tetracarpaeaceae
2571:Aphanopetalaceae
2546:Daphniphyllaceae
2509:
2498:
2447:Trochodendraceae
2409:Circaeasteraceae
2336:
2317:Ceratophyllaceae
2305:
1981:Alstroemeriaceae
1844:Potamogetonaceae
1819:Scheuchzeriaceae
1814:Hydrocharitaceae
1764:
1727:
1607:Aristolochiaceae
1572:
1563:
1524:Austrobaileyales
1474:
1470:
1468:Basalangiosperms
1452:Acrogymnospermae
1414:flowering plants
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1378:
1305:Monocot families
1249:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1086:
1080:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
965:
956:
955:
954:
944:
924:
636:Selected species
433:A. tenuispicatus
412:. Additionally,
268:flowering plants
248:
221:
203:
132:
131:
106:
96:
33:
32:Campanian–Recent
29:Temporal range:
21:
5067:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4925:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4899:
4891:
4886:
4878:
4873:
4865:
4860:
4852:
4847:
4839:
4834:
4826:
4821:
4813:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4787:
4782:
4774:
4769:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4743:
4735:
4730:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4704:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4598:
4594:Paracryphiaceae
4580:
4562:
4539:
4516:
4448:
4410:
4381:Torricelliaceae
4360:
4347:
4248:Calceolariaceae
4233:Carlemanniaceae
4214:
4176:
4158:
4140:
4102:
4079:
4061:
4036:
4023:
3900:
3850:
3837:
3813:Balanophoraceae
3789:
3700:Lophiocarpaceae
3680:Achatocarpaceae
3675:Caryophyllaceae
3665:Macarthuriaceae
3630:Drosophyllaceae
3586:
3561:
3536:
3478:
3460:
3446:Crypteroniaceae
3441:Melastomataceae
3402:
3339:
3306:
3283:
3241:Crossosomatales
3235:
3211:Gyrostemonaceae
3181:Koeberliniaceae
3135:
3122:
3074:
3065:Picrodendraceae
3030:Lacistemataceae
2990:Dichapetalaceae
2965:Centroplacaceae
2955:Lophopyxidaceae
2915:Erythroxylaceae
2881:
2858:
2835:
2777:
2729:
2696:
2667:Corynocarpaceae
2641:
2628:
2608:
2595:
2556:Grossulariaceae
2505:
2492:
2469:
2451:
2439:Trochodendrales
2433:
2414:Lardizabalaceae
2385:
2352:
2321:
2309:Ceratophyllales
2300:Ceratophyllidae
2290:
2281:Ecdeiocoleaceae
2271:Flagellariaceae
2207:
2154:
2116:
2093:
2064:Tecophilaeaceae
2034:Blandfordiaceae
2010:
1976:Petermanniaceae
1961:Campynemataceae
1947:
1909:
1881:
1863:
1824:Aponogetonaceae
1780:
1755:
1743:
1712:
1664:
1650:Himantandraceae
1621:
1593:
1559:
1557:Mesangiospermae
1546:
1518:
1490:
1466:
1461:
1442:Marchantiophyta
1421:
1410:
1336:
1332:Wayback Machine
1288:Aponogetonaceae
1269:Wayback Machine
1256:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1194:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1078:Wayback Machine
1071:Aponogetonaceae
1068:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1009:
999:
967:
966:
959:
926:
925:
921:
916:
908:
786:A. Camus (1909)
638:
621:A. rigidifolius
617:
589:
573:
510:
490:
451:A. rigidifolius
376:A. rigidifolius
323:
256:Aponogetonaceae
220:
202:
200:Aponogetonaceae
126:
117:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5040:Aquatic plants
5037:
5032:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5007:wfo-4000002734
4998:
4985:
4972:
4959:
4946:
4933:
4923:
4910:
4897:
4884:
4871:
4858:
4845:
4832:
4819:
4806:
4793:
4780:
4767:
4754:
4741:
4728:
4715:
4702:
4692:
4677:
4661:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4586:Paracryphiales
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4576:Escalloniaceae
4572:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4558:Caprifoliaceae
4555:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4530:Columelliaceae
4526:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4492:Argophyllaceae
4489:
4484:
4482:Alseuosmiaceae
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4434:Phyllonomaceae
4431:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4401:Myodocarpaceae
4398:
4393:
4391:Pittosporaceae
4388:
4386:Griseliniaceae
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:Schlegeliaceae
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4258:Plantaginaceae
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4205:Sphenocleaceae
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:Convolvulaceae
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4075:Metteniusaceae
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4037:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3989:Sarraceniaceae
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Fouquieriaceae
3926:
3921:
3919:Marcgraviaceae
3916:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3851:
3846:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3823:Misodendraceae
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Phytolaccaceae
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Asteropeiaceae
3657:
3652:
3650:Simmondsiaceae
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Plumbaginaceae
3607:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3592:Caryophyllales
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3393:Sarcolaenaceae
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3320:Gerrardinaceae
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Elaeocarpaceae
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3070:Phyllanthaceae
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3025:Passifloraceae
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Putranjivaceae
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Calophyllaceae
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2910:Rhizophoraceae
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2854:Zygophyllaceae
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2768:Ticodendraceae
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Hamamelidaceae
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2501:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2483:Myrothamnaceae
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Menispermaceae
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Joinvilleaceae
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Strelitziaceae
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2145:Pontederiaceae
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2107:Dasypogonaceae
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:Amaryllidaceae
2081:
2076:
2074:Xeronemataceae
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1877:Petrosaviaceae
1873:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1739:Chloranthaceae
1735:
1733:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Calycanthaceae
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1542:Schisandraceae
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Polypodiophyta
1444:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1353:(3): 503–519.
1334:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1255:
1254:External links
1252:
1251:
1250:
1210:
1209:
1192:
1171:
1157:
1145:
1128:
1081:
1062:
1051:
1018:
997:
957:
935:(2): 105–121,
918:
917:
915:
912:
907:
906:
899:
891:
883:
875:
867:
859:
851:
843:
835:
827:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
763:
749:
738:
730:
722:
714:
706:
698:
690:
689:Baill. ex Jum.
682:
681:(Decne.) Hook.
674:
664:
656:
648:
639:
637:
634:
623:, which has a
616:
613:
588:
585:
572:
569:
509:
506:
489:
486:
359:, and Western
327:aquatic plants
322:
319:
317:in aquariums.
297:aquatic plants
250:
249:
241:
240:
234:
233:
227:
226:
213:
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55:
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34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
5063:
5062:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4633:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4568:Escalloniales
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:Menyanthaceae
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:Campanulaceae
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4444:Aquifoliaceae
4442:
4440:
4439:Helwingiaceae
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Stemonuraceae
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4376:Pennantiaceae
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4344:
4343:Orobanchaceae
4341:
4339:
4338:Paulowniaceae
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Linderniaceae
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4067:Metteniusales
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Oncothecaceae
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Actinidiaceae
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Diapensiaceae
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:Lecythidaceae
3937:
3935:
3934:Polemoniaceae
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Balsaminaceae
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Hydrangeaceae
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:Schoepfiaceae
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Portulacaceae
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:Halophytaceae
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Molluginaceae
3743:
3741:
3740:Nyctaginaceae
3738:
3736:
3735:Sarcobataceae
3733:
3731:
3730:Petiveriaceae
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Amaranthaceae
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Frankeniaceae
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Aextoxicaceae
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3559:Superasterids
3555:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Simaroubaceae
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:Anacardiaceae
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3474:Picramniaceae
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Thymelaeaceae
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Muntingiaceae
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Stachyuraceae
3272:
3270:
3269:Guamatelaceae
3267:
3265:
3264:Staphyleaceae
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Emblingiaceae
3194:
3192:
3191:Salvadoraceae
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Limnanthaceae
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Tropaeolaceae
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3118:Brunelliaceae
3116:
3114:
3113:Cephalotaceae
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Ixonanthaceae
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Euphorbiaceae
3048:
3046:
3045:Rafflesiaceae
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Euphroniaceae
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:Malpighiaceae
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Caryocaraceae
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Podostemaceae
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2841:Zygophyllales
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Casuarinaceae
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Nothofagaceae
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Tetramelaceae
2680:
2678:
2677:Cucurbitaceae
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Apodanthaceae
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2592:
2591:Cynomoriaceae
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Saxifragaceae
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Peridiscaceae
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2429:Ranunculaceae
2427:
2425:
2424:Berberidaceae
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Nelumbonaceae
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Eriocaulaceae
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2203:Zingiberaceae
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Heliconiaceae
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2150:Haemodoraceae
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Commelinaceae
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:Asphodelaceae
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Ixioliriaceae
2057:
2055:
2054:Doryanthaceae
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Melanthiaceae
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Cyclanthaceae
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1905:Dioscoreaceae
1903:
1901:
1900:Burmanniaceae
1898:
1896:
1895:Nartheciaceae
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1869:Petrosaviales
1866:
1860:
1859:Cymodoceaceae
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Posidoniaceae
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Juncaginaceae
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Tofieldiaceae
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1731:Chloranthales
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:Chloranthidae
1719:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Hernandiaceae
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Gomortegaceae
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Eupomatiaceae
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:Degeneriaceae
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Myristicaceae
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Hydatellaceae
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1486:Amborellaceae
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:0-333-47494-5
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
976:
970:
964:
962:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
913:
911:
905:
904:
900:
897:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
872:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
800:
796:
793:
792:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
768:
764:
762:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
704:
703:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
687:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
645:
641:
640:
635:
633:
631:
626:
622:
614:
612:
610:
606:
598:
593:
586:
584:
582:
578:
571:Economic uses
570:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
517:A. distachyos
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
487:
485:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
458:
457:A. robinsonii
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
440:
435:
434:
429:
428:
423:
422:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
404:
399:
398:
393:
392:
387:
386:A. distachyos
382:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
357:South America
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:APG II system
280:
275:
273:
270:in the order
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:
242:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
219:
218:
214:
211:
210:
206:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:Tracheophytes
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
116:, foliage and
115:
114:
113:A. distachyos
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
4656:
4507:Calyceraceae
4502:Goodeniaceae
4487:Phellinaceae
4477:Stylidiaceae
4416:Aquifoliales
4298:Bignoniaceae
4283:Martyniaceae
4253:Gesneriaceae
4210:Hydroleaceae
4200:Montiniaceae
4154:Boraginaceae
4131:Gelsemiaceae
4121:Gentianaceae
4093:Eucommiaceae
3994:Roridulaceae
3974:Symplocaceae
3944:Sladeniaceae
3886:Curtisiaceae
3833:Loranthaceae
3755:Didiereaceae
3710:Barbeuiaceae
3670:Microteaceae
3625:Nepenthaceae
3615:Polygonaceae
3605:Tamaricaceae
3497:Nitrariaceae
3466:Picramniales
3431:Vochysiaceae
3416:Combretaceae
3330:Tapisciaceae
3325:Petenaeaceae
3231:Brassicaceae
2985:Trigoniaceae
2980:Balanopaceae
2945:Hypericaceae
2925:Bonnetiaceae
2900:Irvingiaceae
2887:Malpighiales
2877:Celastraceae
2849:Krameriaceae
2806:Elaeagnaceae
2801:Dirachmaceae
2758:Juglandaceae
2725:Polygalaceae
2710:Quillajaceae
2672:Coriariaceae
2649:Cucurbitales
2586:Haloragaceae
2581:Penthoraceae
2566:Crassulaceae
2531:Altingiaceae
2513:Saxifragales
2465:Dilleniaceae
2404:Papaveraceae
2399:Eupteleaceae
2391:Ranunculales
2299:
2266:Restionaceae
2226:Bromeliaceae
2160:Zingiberales
2140:Philydraceae
2130:Hanguanaceae
2122:Commelinales
2089:Asparagaceae
2049:Hypoxidaceae
1996:Ripogonaceae
1991:Philesiaceae
1986:Colchicaceae
1928:Velloziaceae
1923:Triuridaceae
1887:Dioscoreales
1804:Alismataceae
1752:
1721:
1683:Siparunaceae
1640:Magnoliaceae
1537:Trimeniaceae
1514:Nymphaeaceae
1478:Amborellales
1457:Angiospermae
1412:Families of
1350:
1346:
1340:
1313:
1304:
1291:
1281:
1274:
1260:
1221:
1217:
1202:
1195:
1182:. Macmillan
1179:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1152:Gesting, B.
1148:
1138:
1131:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1065:
1059:Punu (Apono)
1054:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
984:
980:
974:
932:
928:
922:
909:
901:
893:
885:
877:
869:
861:
853:
845:
837:
829:
821:
813:
805:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
761:S.W.L.Jacobs
751:
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
666:
658:
650:
642:
620:
618:
615:Rest periods
608:
604:
602:
596:
574:
564:
560:
547:
545:
522:
516:
497:
491:
479:
473:
467:
463:A. undulatus
461:
455:
449:
445:A. elongatus
443:
437:
431:
425:
421:A. capuronii
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
385:
383:
380:
375:
371:
367:
365:
349:South Africa
344:
343:
324:
321:Distribution
306:
300:
291:
290:
276:
263:
259:
255:
253:
237:
216:
215:
199:
173:
160:
147:
111:
24:
18:
4862:iNaturalist
4681:Wikispecies
4462:Rousseaceae
4358:Campanulids
4318:Verbenaceae
4293:Acanthaceae
4288:Pedaliaceae
4278:Byblidaceae
4146:Boraginales
4136:Apocynaceae
4126:Loganiaceae
4108:Gentianales
4057:Icacinaceae
4009:Cyrillaceae
4004:Clethraceae
3984:Styracaceae
3964:Primulaceae
3891:Grubbiaceae
3818:Santalaceae
3760:Basellaceae
3715:Gisekiaceae
3655:Physenaceae
3620:Droseraceae
3517:Sapindaceae
3507:Burseraceae
3451:Alzateaceae
3363:Neuradaceae
3302:Francoaceae
3297:Geraniaceae
3249:Aphloiaceae
3221:Capparaceae
3201:Tovariaceae
3161:Moringaceae
3143:Brassicales
3103:Cunoniaceae
3098:Oxalidaceae
3093:Connaraceae
3010:Achariaceae
3005:Humiriaceae
2970:Elatinaceae
2864:Celastrales
2821:Cannabaceae
2796:Barbeyaceae
2720:Surianaceae
2692:Begoniaceae
2687:Datiscaceae
2526:Paeoniaceae
2503:Superrosids
2488:Gunneraceae
2457:Dilleniales
2376:Platanaceae
2251:Thurniaceae
2231:Rapateaceae
2193:Marantaceae
2044:Lanariaceae
2039:Asteliaceae
2024:Orchidaceae
2016:Asparagales
2001:Smilacaceae
1943:Pandanaceae
1933:Stemonaceae
1839:Zosteraceae
1834:Maundiaceae
1786:Alismatales
1703:Monimiaceae
1627:Magnoliales
1612:Saururaceae
1589:Winteraceae
1584:Canellaceae
1567:Magnoliidae
1509:Cabombaceae
1496:Nymphaeales
1429:Supergroup
1224:: 111–117.
1101:: 111–117.
952:10654/18083
595:An African
587:Cultivation
546:Almost all
409:A. ulvaceus
339:Australasia
281:(1998) and
272:Alismatales
190:Alismatales
167:Angiosperms
5030:Aponogeton
5024:Categories
4815:Aponogeton
4750:Aponogeton
4687:Aponogeton
4657:Aponogeton
4545:Dipsacales
4535:Bruniaceae
4512:Asteraceae
4396:Araliaceae
4333:Phrymaceae
4268:Stilbaceae
4195:Solanaceae
4172:Vahliaceae
4098:Garryaceae
4044:Icacinales
3954:Sapotaceae
3808:Opiliaceae
3795:Santalales
3770:Talinaceae
3750:Montiaceae
3502:Kirkiaceae
3484:Sapindales
3456:Penaeaceae
3426:Onagraceae
3421:Lythraceae
3353:Cytinaceae
3312:Huerteales
3289:Geraniales
3226:Cleomaceae
3216:Resedaceae
3166:Caricaceae
3151:Akaniaceae
3080:Oxalidales
3035:Salicaceae
3020:Goupiaceae
2930:Clusiaceae
2831:Urticaceae
2811:Rhamnaceae
2773:Betulaceae
2753:Myricaceae
2475:Gunnerales
2381:Proteaceae
2261:Cyperaceae
2246:Mayacaceae
2236:Xyridaceae
1966:Corsiaceae
1915:Pandanales
1854:Ruppiaceae
1809:Butomaceae
1660:Annonaceae
1617:Piperaceae
1576:Canellales
1341:Aponogeton
1203:Aponogeton
1167:Aponogeton
1012:2010-03-13
975:Aponogeton
914:References
850:H. Bruggen
713:H. Bruggen
697:H. Bruggen
672:H. Bruggen
605:Aponogeton
597:Aponogeton
565:A. crispus
561:Aponogeton
548:Aponogeton
541:dry season
533:herbaceous
498:Aponogeton
439:A. crispus
427:A. decaryi
368:A. crispus
355:, Western
292:Aponogeton
279:APG system
217:Aponogeton
25:Aponogeton
4784:FloraBase
4553:Adoxaceae
4522:Bruniales
4454:Asterales
4323:Lamiaceae
4182:Solanales
4164:Vahliales
4116:Rubiaceae
4085:Garryales
4014:Ericaceae
3959:Ebenaceae
3896:Cornaceae
3881:Loasaceae
3866:Nyssaceae
3803:Olacaceae
3785:Cactaceae
3720:Aizoaceae
3695:Limeaceae
3532:Meliaceae
3436:Myrtaceae
3388:Cistaceae
3368:Malvaceae
3015:Violaceae
2920:Ochnaceae
2895:Pandaceae
2366:Sabiaceae
2358:Proteales
2256:Juncaceae
2221:Typhaceae
2198:Costaceae
2188:Cannaceae
2173:Lowiaceae
2112:Arecaceae
2069:Iridaceae
2029:Boryaceae
2006:Liliaceae
1776:Acoraceae
1708:Lauraceae
1599:Piperales
1437:Bryophyta
1367:0363-6445
1032:Phytotaxa
1007:0067-7892
989:Stuttgart
910:Sources:
874:J. Raynal
770:J. Raynal
748:ex Benth.
705:H.Bruggen
577:aquariums
494:Campanian
488:Evolution
481:A. loriae
475:A. natans
372:A. natans
353:Australia
325:They are
238:See text
137:Kingdom:
4989:VicFlora
4981:40017918
4976:Tropicos
4880:331137-2
4763:11842325
4745:eFloraSA
4666:Wikidata
4632:Category
4406:Apiaceae
4328:Mazaceae
4238:Oleaceae
4220:Lamiales
3969:Theaceae
3906:Ericales
3858:Cornales
3848:Asterids
3705:Kewaceae
3522:Rutaceae
3408:Myrtales
3383:Bixaceae
3345:Malvales
3186:Bataceae
3055:Linaceae
3040:Peraceae
2826:Moraceae
2816:Ulmaceae
2791:Rosaceae
2748:Fagaceae
2715:Fabaceae
2624:Vitaceae
2551:Iteaceae
2348:Buxaceae
2331:Eudicots
2183:Musaceae
2099:Arecales
1953:Liliales
1768:Acorales
1758:Monocots
1670:Laurales
1375:59494661
1328:Archived
1265:Archived
1246:25462997
1123:25462997
1074:Archived
971:(1985).
746:F.Muell.
287:monocots
196:Family:
180:Monocots
4841:2864137
4672:Q858081
4368:Apiales
4034:Lamiids
3133:Malvids
3088:Huaceae
2783:Rosales
2735:Fagales
2702:Fabales
2616:Vitales
2340:Buxales
2286:Poaceae
1794:Araceae
1753:Lilidae
1226:Bibcode
1103:Bibcode
987:(137).
625:rhizome
553:rhizome
537:dormant
525:species
508:Ecology
231:Species
212:Genus:
205:Planch.
186:Order:
141:Plantae
4950:PLANTS
4942:881391
4926:NZOR:
4828:102317
4802:102317
4724:351367
4698:188238
4695:APDB:
2639:Fabids
2606:Rosids
2213:Poales
1418:APG IV
1373:
1365:
1307:(USDA)
1244:
1186:
1121:
1005:
995:
826:Peter.
759:&
757:Hellq.
721:Thunb.
630:leaves
502:Eocene
361:Europe
331:Africa
4955:APONO
4919:51593
4893:38979
4867:71977
4810:FoAO2
4789:20936
4776:1APGG
4737:8VV4T
4711:97550
1431:Plant
1371:S2CID
898:Baker
890:Roxb.
858:Engl.
842:Oliv.
810:Oliv.
778:Lehm.
581:ponds
557:tuber
529:tuber
523:Many
311:Gabon
307:geton
258:(the
174:Clade
161:Clade
148:Clade
4963:POWO
4914:NCBI
4888:ITIS
4875:IPNI
4849:GRIN
4836:GBIF
4771:EPPO
4719:BOLD
4706:APNI
1363:ISSN
1242:PMID
1184:ISBN
1119:PMID
1003:ISSN
993:ISBN
882:Bak.
737:L.f.
663:Ait.
603:All
478:and
460:and
430:and
406:and
337:and
335:Asia
254:The
223:L.f.
37:PreꞒ
5002:WFO
4901:NBN
4854:861
4823:FoC
4797:FNA
4758:EoL
4732:CoL
1355:doi
1234:doi
1111:doi
1040:doi
1036:261
947:hdl
937:doi
933:161
655:Lye
579:or
555:or
378:).
374:or
262:or
5026::
5004::
4991::
4978::
4965::
4952::
4939::
4916::
4903::
4890::
4877::
4864::
4851::
4838::
4825::
4812::
4799::
4786::
4773::
4760::
4747::
4734::
4721::
4708::
4683::
4668::
1369:.
1361:.
1351:30
1349:.
1345:.
1240:.
1232:.
1222:82
1220:.
1117:.
1109:.
1099:82
1097:.
1093:.
1034:.
1030:.
1001:.
985:33
983:.
979:.
960:^
945:,
931:,
472:,
454:,
448:,
442:,
424:,
418:,
400:,
394:,
363:.
341:.
333:,
274:.
176::
163::
150::
87:Pg
1760:)
1756:(
1433::
1420:)
1416:(
1405:e
1398:t
1391:v
1377:.
1357::
1248:.
1236::
1228::
1205:.
1190:.
1125:.
1113::
1105::
1048:.
1042::
1015:.
949::
939::
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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