121:
25:
66:
84:
928:
701:
1478:
222:
204:
102:
52:
283:
142:
1173:) ("great woman". However, if the adjective follows the noun, the final syllable remains, but the meaning may also change:
1284:
1136:
450:
1140:
185:
157:
1526:
694:
131:
1057:
does not have it. Throughout its history, however, the genitive case marker has also undergone apocope: Estonian
465:
242:
633:
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164:
138:
38:
1428:
1377:
603:
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365:
340:
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258:
1521:
1093:
1089:
1002:
985:
853:
608:
171:
1387:
1382:
687:
998:
598:
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153:
1397:
628:
558:
370:
278:
1531:
1200:
1170:
1128:
1125:
1097:
663:
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623:
520:
440:
415:
1474:
1042:
973:
658:
648:
484:
385:
1113:
1109:
1082:
1025:
1021:
725:
511:
1009:
in each syllable (except when it is followed by a vowel). (In most accents, the suppressed
1447:
1050:
1014:
303:
1506:
1046:
937:
794:
445:
345:
298:
293:
1515:
1442:
1054:
653:
495:
474:
460:
420:
178:
961:
1366:
1032:
in the sentence if the latter word begins with a vowel or with an unaspirated 'h').
765:. In a broader sense, the term can refer to the loss of any final sound (including
530:
455:
410:
288:
238:
44:
778:
948:
933:
673:
668:
588:
525:
120:
1108:
Some languages have apocopations that are internalized as mandatory forms. In
593:
554:
478:
323:
1117:
766:
715:
643:
563:
537:
470:
380:
314:
1417:
773:
618:
613:
583:
335:
271:
1124:
lose the final vowel or syllable if they precede a noun (mainly) in the
1392:
1371:
758:
544:
358:
1422:
1132:
839:
827:
815:
803:
776:
term the resultant word-form (following the operation of apocope) an
549:
504:
1049:, apocopes explain the forms of grammatical cases. For example, a
762:
1121:
114:
59:
18:
833:
821:
809:
797:
1053:
is described as having apocope of the final vowel, but the
749:
743:
728:
1100:, the final vowel is sometimes omitted from case markers.
737:
1081:
respectively, as can still be seen in the corresponding
80:
976:
in comparison to standard Māori, for example the term
972:
The loss of a final unstressed vowel is a feature of
740:
746:
734:
731:
145:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
75:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1092:, while it was being deleted, blocked the loss of
876:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
864:Loss of an unstressed vowel or vowel and nasal
1349:
1343:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1204:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1152:
895:
695:
8:
1022:suppresses the final consonant of most words
914:
980:(village) is rendered in southern Māori as
908:
889:
870:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1494:An Introduction to Historical Linguistics.
1473:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 13.
1203:) ("good man"; the final vowel remains in
860:is often the loss of an unstressed vowel.
702:
688:
234:
1209:, with no accompanying change in meaning)
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
205:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
87:, without removing the technical details.
1409:
237:
1030:at the beginning of the following word
1496:3rd edition. Oxford University Press.
85:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
143:adding citations to reliable sources
1001:English accents, including British
984:. A similar feature is seen in the
1471:Glossary of Historical Linguistics
14:
34:This article has multiple issues.
1088:In the genitive form, the final
724:
119:
64:
23:
1069:("of a city") are derived from
927:
284:Consonant voicing and devoicing
130:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1448:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1:
1285:One hundred years of solitude
1026:is normally pronounced as a
1015:modifies the preceding vowel
840:
828:
816:
804:
1143:have apocopations as well.
1548:
974:southern dialects of Māori
834:
822:
810:
798:
1507:World Wide Words: Apocope
16:Loss of word-final sounds
1179:, meaning "large woman")
634:Compensatory lengthening
406:Compensatory lengthening
1492:Crowley, Terry. (1997)
1469:Campbell, Lyle (2007).
1429:Oxford University Press
1378:Apheresis (linguistics)
1131:form. In Spanish, some
960:
947:
848:Historical sound change
259:Quantitative metathesis
1350:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1205:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1003:Received Pronunciation
986:Gallo-Italic languages
915:
909:
896:
890:
877:
871:
854:historical linguistics
820:) "cutting off", from
1425:UK English Dictionary
1388:Contraction (grammar)
1383:Clipping (morphology)
1120:that come before the
1020:French pronunciation
1005:, suppress the final
940:, and Modern English
1280:Cien años de soledad
1116:, for example, some
993:Loss of other sounds
399:Transphonologization
139:improve this article
1423:Oxford Dictionaries
1398:Syncope (phonetics)
279:Consonant gradation
1098:Colloquial Finnish
832:) "away from" and
761:) of a word-final
664:Consonant mutation
639:Monophthongization
521:Consonant mutation
1527:Figures of speech
1480:978-0-7486-3019-6
1451:. Merriam-Webster
1251:("one, a, an") →
1157:("big, great") →
965:→ Modern English
952:→ Modern English
712:
711:
659:Shm-reduplication
649:Rhinoglottophilia
485:Consonant harmony
386:Cluster reduction
233:
232:
225:
215:
214:
207:
189:
113:
112:
105:
57:
1539:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1414:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1242:Cardinal numbers
1236:("so beautiful")
1235:
1229:
1223:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1104:Grammatical rule
1095:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
918:
912:
899:
893:
880:
874:
843:
837:
836:
831:
825:
824:
819:
813:
812:
807:
801:
800:
756:
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751:
748:
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742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
704:
697:
690:
235:
228:
221:
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188:
147:
123:
115:
108:
101:
97:
94:
88:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1363:
1334:("third place")
1314:("first prize")
1293:Ordinal numbers
1141:ordinal numbers
1106:
1063:("a city") and
1039:
995:
926:Proto-Germanic
866:
850:
793:comes from the
788:
769:) from a word.
757:) is the loss (
727:
723:
708:
679:
678:
579:
571:
570:
569:
568:
540:
507:
490:
489:
466:Final devoicing
436:
426:
425:
401:
391:
390:
361:
351:
350:
326:
309:
308:
304:Debuccalization
274:
264:
263:
254:
229:
218:
217:
216:
211:
200:
194:
191:
148:
146:
136:
124:
109:
98:
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89:
81:help improve it
78:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1501:External links
1499:
1498:
1497:
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1486:
1479:
1461:
1434:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1374:and initialism
1369:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1335:
1315:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1271:("hundred") →
1264:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1224:("so much") →
1212:
1211:
1210:
1180:
1105:
1102:
1047:Sami languages
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1018:
994:
991:
990:
989:
970:
957:
944:
924:
905:
886:
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710:
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684:
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631:
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577:
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573:
572:
567:
566:
561:
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547:
541:
536:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
508:
503:
502:
499:
498:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
468:
463:
458:
453:
451:Palatalization
448:
446:Coarticulation
443:
437:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
402:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
346:Vowel breaking
343:
338:
333:
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
311:
310:
307:
306:
301:
299:L-vocalization
296:
294:Spirantization
291:
286:
281:
275:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
255:
250:
249:
246:
245:
231:
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127:
125:
118:
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110:
72:
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63:
58:
32:
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29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Abbreviations
1520:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1354:("final day")
1352:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:primer premio
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:lengthens or
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:
964:
963:
958:
955:
951:
950:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:
925:
922:
917:
911:
907:Vulgar Latin
906:
903:
898:
892:
888:Vulgar Latin
887:
884:
879:
875:→ Portuguese
873:
868:
867:
863:
861:
859:
855:
847:
845:
842:
830:
818:
806:
796:
792:
785:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
754:
721:
717:
705:
700:
698:
693:
691:
686:
685:
683:
682:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:Sulcalization
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
575:
574:
565:
562:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
513:
510:
509:
506:
501:
500:
497:
496:Dissimilation
494:
493:
486:
483:
480:
476:
475:vowel harmony
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:Labialization
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
435:
430:
429:
422:
421:Floating tone
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
400:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
360:
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354:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:
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319:
316:
313:
312:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
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268:
267:
260:
257:
256:
253:
248:
247:
244:
240:
236:
227:
224:
209:
206:
198:
195:December 2023
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156: –
155:
151:
150:Find sources:
144:
140:
134:
133:
128:This article
126:
122:
117:
116:
107:
104:
96:
93:December 2023
86:
82:
76:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1493:
1470:
1464:
1453:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1421:
1412:
1367:Abbreviation
1342:("final") →
1331:tercer lugar
1322:("third") →
1302:("first") →
1292:
1241:
1214:
1206:hombre bueno
1176:mujer grande
1147:
1107:
1087:
1040:
1027:
1010:
1006:
981:
977:
966:
959:Old English
953:
946:Old English
941:
920:
901:
882:
857:
851:
844:) "to cut".
790:
789:
777:
771:
719:
713:
531:Vowel hiatus
456:Velarization
434:Assimilation
411:Nasalization
375:
289:Assibilation
239:Sound change
219:
201:
192:
182:
175:
168:
161:
149:
137:Please help
132:verification
129:
99:
90:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1351:postrer día
1263:("a child")
1233:tan hermoso
1196:buen hombre
1187:("good") →
1037:Case marker
779:apocopation
674:Chain shift
669:Vowel shift
589:Affrication
578:Other types
526:Tone sandhi
416:Tonogenesis
243:alternation
1516:Categories
1455:2016-01-21
1404:References
1166:gran mujer
1148:Adjectives
1118:adjectives
1051:nominative
999:Non-rhotic
894:→ Spanish
817:apokóptein
811:ἀποκόπτειν
767:consonants
594:Gemination
555:Synaeresis
324:Epenthesis
252:Metathesis
165:newspapers
39:improve it
1532:Phonology
1443:"Apocope"
1418:"Apocope"
1230:("so") →
1201:masculine
1126:masculine
913:→ French
786:Etymology
774:linguists
772:Academic
716:phonology
644:Rhotacism
564:Synizesis
559:diaeresis
538:Synalepha
516:linking R
471:Metaphony
381:Haplology
366:Apheresis
341:Unpacking
331:Prothesis
315:Fortition
154:"Apocope"
45:talk page
1361:See also
1339:postrero
1171:feminine
1137:cardinal
1129:singular
1055:genitive
1045:and the
1043:Estonian
1024:(but it
619:Iotacism
614:Betacism
604:Fronting
599:Clipping
584:Apophony
336:Paragoge
272:Lenition
1393:Elision
1372:Acronym
1345:postrer
1319:tercero
1299:primero
1260:un niño
1215:Adverbs
1133:adverbs
1114:Italian
1110:Spanish
1083:Finnish
1028:liaison
858:apocope
841:kóptein
835:κόπτειν
808:) from
805:apokopḗ
799:ἀποκοπή
791:Apocope
759:elision
720:apocope
609:Raising
545:Elision
512:Liaison
376:Apocope
371:Syncope
359:Elision
179:scholar
79:Please
1477:
1325:tercer
1305:primer
1268:ciento
1154:grande
1085:word.
1078:linnan
978:kainga
969:(verb)
962:lufian
956:(noun)
938:Middle
929:*landą
869:Latin
629:Merger
624:Fusion
550:Crasis
505:Sandhi
479:umlaut
441:Fusion
181:
174:
167:
160:
152:
1221:tanto
1184:bueno
1096:. In
1072:linna
1066:linna
910:lupum
902:bread
891:panem
795:Greek
763:vowel
186:JSTOR
172:books
1475:ISBN
1274:cien
1190:buen
1160:gran
1139:and
1135:and
1122:noun
1112:and
1075:and
1060:linn
982:kaik
967:love
954:love
949:lufu
942:land
921:wolf
916:loup
872:mare
829:apo-
823:ἀπο-
557:and
241:and
158:news
1248:uno
1227:tan
1094:/a/
1090:/n/
1041:In
934:Old
897:pan
883:sea
878:mar
852:In
714:In
141:by
83:to
1518::
1445:.
1427:.
1420:.
1348:→
1328:→
1308:→
1287:")
1283:("
1277:→
1257:→
1254:un
1193:→
1163:→
1017:.)
936:,
932:→
856:,
782:.
718:,
514:,
477:,
48:.
1483:.
1458:.
1431:.
1199:(
1169:(
1011:r
1007:r
988:.
923:)
919:(
904:)
900:(
885:)
881:(
838:(
826:(
814:(
802:(
753:/
750:i
747:p
744:ə
741:k
738:ɒ
735:p
732:ˈ
729:ə
726:/
722:(
703:e
696:t
689:v
481:)
473:(
226:)
220:(
208:)
202:(
197:)
193:(
183:·
176:·
169:·
162:·
135:.
106:)
100:(
95:)
91:(
77:.
55:)
51:(
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