277:
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215:, and statements by Lucas himself were at the top of this hierarchy; such works invariably superseded EU material in case of contradiction. The EU itself was further divided into several descending levels of continuity. After Disney's acquisition of the franchise, Lucasfilm designated all Expanded Universe material published prior to 25 April 2014 (other than the first six theatrical films and the 2008
44:
219:
film and TV series) as the non-canonical "Legends" continuity. Material released since this announcement is a separate canonical timeline from the original George Lucas Canon, with all narrative development overseen by the
Lucasfilm Story Group.
1194:, p. 33: 'fanon.' Within an individual fandom, certain plotlines may be reinvented so many times and by so many people—or alternately may be written so persuasively by a few writers—that they take on the status of fan-produced canon.
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99:
When there are multiple "official" works or original media, what material is canonical can be unclear. This is resolved either by explicitly excluding certain media from the status of canon (as in the case of
267:
stories counts with some extra episodes with original stories that are not part of the original manga, often being referred to as "filler episodes", being outside of the canon of their source material.
120:
what is or isn't canonical, with copyright holders usually declaring themselves the authorities when they want to erase or retcon materials that were approved by the setting's original creator (with
112:); by assigning different levels of canonicity to different media; by considering different but licensed media treatments official and equally canonical to the series timeline within their own
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that are widely considered to be official or authoritative; those created by the original author or developer of the world". Canon is contrasted with, or used as the basis for, works of
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canon, but the site notes that elements from these sources have been subsequently introduced into the television series, and says that "canon is not something set in stone".
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is almost never regarded as canonical. However, certain ideas may become influential or widely accepted within fan communities, who refer to such ideas as "
1324:
1109:
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297:", may be debated. This is because copyright used to be exercised by the publisher of the work of literature rather than the author. Campaigning by
1162:
30:
This article is about the concept of a canon that defines the world of a particular series or franchise. For influential works of fiction, see
204:. Higher-tier and newer material abrogated lower-tier and older material in case of contradiction. The live-action theatrical films, the 2008
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episodes, a series of
Halloween-themed specials with several stories that take place outside the normal continuity of the show.
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In film and television it is common that the original writer does not decide what is canon. In literature, the estate of
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193:
171:. Events, characters and storylines from tie-in novels, comic books, and video games are explicitly excluded from the
835:
695:"How do the Star Trek novels and comic books fit into the Star Trek universe? What is considered Star Trek "canon"?"
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as "the events that take place within the episodes and movies", referring to the live-action television series and
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However, sometimes in literature, original writers have not approved works as canon, but original publishers or
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116:' universe, but not across them; or not resolved at all. There is also no consensus regarding who has the
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Rebecca Black, "Digital Design: English
Language Learners and Reader Reviews in Online Fiction", in
1456:
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1206:"Canon, fanon, shipping and more: a glossary of the tricky terminology that makes up fan culture"
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648:"Canon, fanon, shipping and more: a glossary of the tricky terminology that makes up fan culture"
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507:
80:
306:
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The canonical status of some works by the original writer but not the same publisher, such as "
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959:
577:""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz": A children's classic lives on though many editions and sequels"
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324:
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125:
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again being an example). The definition of canon is of particular importance with regard to
53:
510: – Self-consistent fictional setting with elements that may differ from the real world
483: – collection of all the works of one artist, writer, scientist, musician, group, etc.
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313:
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151:
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1056:"Tell Us 5 Things About Your Book: A Sequel to 'The War of the Worlds' (Published 2017)"
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330:
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516: – Type of fictional universe in which works written by multiple writers are set
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395:
57:
31:
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246:
179:
17:
1265:
The
Science Fiction Reboot: Canon, Innovation and Fandom in Refashioned Franchises
558: – Things confirmed about Sherlock Holmes in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's stories
1163:"Poirot is a show-off, but he's brilliant. That's why I brought him back to life"
537:
446:
343:
298:
201:
84:
875:
492: – Comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist
465:" is used to describe a fan's personal interpretation of a fictional universe.
43:
1379:
534: – Part of a linear narrative that continues the story of a previous work
417:
225:
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of original writers posthumously approve subsequent works as canon, such as
197:
184:
146:
108:
102:
56:
series, although written in 1921 after the death of original series writer
825:
811:
The
Simpsons season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Treehouse of Horror"
606:
1133:"Jeeves and the Leap of Faith by Ben Schott, review – a 'new' Wodehouse"
991:"Is Harper Lee's 'Go Set a Watchman' bound for the 'Interstellar' trap?"
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652:
504: – Non-linear additions with consistency to the fictional universe
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have generally avoided making pronouncements about canonicity, with
136:, because of the ways in which it influences the viewer experience.
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264:
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42:
552: – Revision of existing facts in succeeding works of fiction
1246:"Inventing a Universe: Reading and writing Internet fan fiction"
1306:
528: – Plot device that resets continuity in works of fiction
826:"Anime Filler List: What To Skip & What's Worth Watching"
753:"The Legendary Star Wars Expanded Universe Turns a New Page"
233:
explaining that he does not think about the concept for the
858:"Invisible Ink: No 197 - The other Sherlock Holmes writers"
899:
721:"Meet Leland Chee, the Star Wars Franchise Continuity Cop"
1100:"Macmillan reveals adventures of young Sherlock Holmes"
27:
Concept of continuity between different fictional works
280:"The Field Bazaar" was rediscovered and reprinted by
540: – Digital collections of natural language data
485:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
128:
or re-imaginings of established franchises, such as
1429:
1388:
1340:
477: – Fan fiction set in a non-canonical universe
79:is "the body of works taking place in a particular
522: – Universe coexisting with another universe
250:has as an example of non-canonical material the
1070:"Tomorrow is another Gone With the Wind sequel"
498: – Consistency or continuity of narrative
1318:
8:
876:"When Charles Dickens fell out with America"
546: – Works of Tolkien set in Middle-earth
701:. CBS Studios. 10 July 2003. Archived from
382:In 2010, the Conan Doyle estate authorised
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1311:
1303:
402:were sanctioned by Wodehouse's estate for
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678:
1191:
714:
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895:"Berne Revision: The Continuing Drama"
763:from the original on 10 September 2016
689:
687:
1173:from the original on 21 November 2021
1143:from the original on 25 November 2020
7:
989:Zeitchik, Steven (4 February 2015).
1080:from the original on 17 August 2024
970:from the original on 17 August 2024
893:Oman, Ralph; Flacks, Lewis (1993).
627:from the original on 17 August 2024
587:from the original on 17 August 2024
1212:from the original on 20 March 2021
660:from the original on 20 March 2021
475:Alternative universe (fan fiction)
25:
1131:Grylls, David (24 October 2020).
940:from the original on 3 April 2019
909:from the original on 24 June 2021
838:from the original on 22 July 2023
733:from the original on 16 June 2013
196:(EU), with continuity tracked by
64:authorized by original publisher
1470:
1469:
1288:
1112:from the original on 5 June 2020
322:(1921) (by original publisher),
182:'s time with the franchise, the
169:nebulous gray area of canonicity
799:Davies RT, "The Writer's Tales"
719:Baker, Chris (18 August 2008).
263:television series adapted from
928:Gardner, Martin (2 May 1971).
607:"canon, n.¹, additional sense"
164:Star Trek: The Animated Series
1:
1293:The dictionary definition of
1010:"The Politics of Film Canons"
930:"We're Off To See The Wizard"
824:Ajay Aravind (7 April 2023).
520:Parallel universes in fiction
1267:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
413:Jeeves and the King of Clubs
404:Jeeves and the Wedding Bells
394:. Sequels to the stories by
1204:Romano, Aja (7 June 2016).
646:Romano, Aja (7 June 2016).
60:in 1919, by another writer
1512:
1263:Urbanski, Heather (2013).
374:authorised by the estate.
52:, a canonical work in the
29:
1465:
1244:Parrish, Juli J. (2007).
612:Oxford English Dictionary
434:novels authorised by the
237:television series or its
167:having long existed in a
1237:A New Literacies Sampler
813:(DVD). 20th Century Fox.
790:Doctor Who Magazine #356
781:Doctor Who Magazine #388
556:Canon of Sherlock Holmes
328:(1924) (by estate), and
1008:Staiger, Janet (1985).
809:Groening, Matt (2002).
461:. Similarly, the term "
353:The Massacre of Mankind
188:canon was divided into
1447:Retroactive continuity
621:10.1093/OED/8893623977
550:Retroactive continuity
526:Reset button technique
346:authorised sequels by
285:
244:The television series
192:that incorporated the
150:website describes the
68:
34:. For other uses, see
964:Smithsonian Libraries
385:Young Sherlock Holmes
368:was a 1991 sequel to
279:
46:
831:Comic Book Resources
496:Continuity (fiction)
423:The Monogram Murders
334:(1938) (by estate).
319:The Royal Book of Oz
62:Ruth Plumly Thompson
49:The Royal Book of Oz
1169:. 5 November 2017.
1076:. 3 November 2007.
1058:. 3 September 2017.
882:. 14 February 2012.
253:Treehouse of Horror
200:creative executive
118:authority to decide
18:Apocrypha (fiction)
960:"Porto Bello Gold"
934:The New York Times
864:. 3 November 2013.
544:Middle-earth canon
508:Fictional universe
490:Catalogue raisonné
371:Gone with the Wind
286:
69:
1483:
1482:
1475:Superhero fiction
1334:Superhero fiction
1274:978-0-7864-6509-5
1108:. 18 March 2009.
995:Los Angeles Times
502:Expanded universe
398:about the butler
391:The House of Silk
338:Late 20th century
305:which introduced
194:Expanded Universe
16:(Redirected from
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1496:Canons (fiction)
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1421:Comic book death
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581:sites.utexas.edu
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408:Sebastian Faulks
325:Porto Bello Gold
314:literary estates
303:Berne Convention
295:The Field Bazaar
272:Additional works
231:Russell T Davies
89:derivative works
66:Reilly & Lee
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705:on 28 May 2010.
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430:is a sequel to
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307:author's rights
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481:Complete works
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432:Hercule Poirot
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359:The Time Ships
348:Stephen Baxter
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331:Heidi Grows Up
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223:The makers of
217:The Clone Wars
207:The Clone Wars
190:discrete tiers
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32:Western canon
19:
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1401:Supervillain
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1214:. Retrieved
1199:
1192:Parrish 2007
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1175:. Retrieved
1167:the Guardian
1166:
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1074:The Guardian
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765:. Retrieved
757:StarWars.com
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703:the original
699:startrek.com
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1216:19 February
1147:13 December
1084:14 November
1020:(3): 4–23.
974:14 November
944:14 November
767:26 February
591:14 November
538:Text corpus
447:Fan fiction
356:(2017) and
344:H. G. Wells
301:led to the
299:Victor Hugo
202:Leland Chee
85:fan fiction
1437:Continuity
1430:Continuity
1406:Superpower
1380:Kamishibai
1368:Television
1363:Television
563:References
426:(2014) by
418:Ben Schott
416:(2018) by
406:(2013) by
235:Doctor Who
226:Doctor Who
213:debut film
95:Canonicity
87:and other
1457:Crossover
1416:Alter ego
1396:Superhero
1250:CiteSeerX
1137:The Times
1034:0009-7101
463:headcanon
239:spin-offs
209:TV series
198:Lucasfilm
185:Star Wars
173:Star Trek
153:Star Trek
147:Star Trek
132:Star Trek
122:Star Wars
109:Star Wars
103:Star Trek
1490:Category
1373:American
1210:Archived
1171:Archived
1141:Archived
1110:Archived
1078:Archived
968:Archived
938:Archived
907:Archived
880:BBC News
836:Archived
761:Archived
737:30 April
731:Archived
658:Archived
625:Archived
585:Archived
469:See also
438:estate.
365:Scarlett
362:(1995).
284:in 1934.
259:Several
211:and its
140:Examples
1229:Sources
1208:. Vox.
1177:11 June
1116:18 June
1042:1225428
913:18 June
842:22 July
664:25 July
653:Vox.com
631:25 July
178:During
161:, with
126:reboots
77:fiction
1452:Reboot
1353:Novels
1348:Comics
1271:
1252:
1040:
1032:
532:Sequel
400:Jeeves
1442:Canon
1341:Media
1296:canon
1038:JSTOR
905:(1).
726:Wired
459:canon
451:fanon
442:Fanon
265:manga
261:anime
159:films
155:canon
73:canon
36:Canon
1358:Film
1269:ISBN
1218:2022
1179:2021
1149:2020
1118:2021
1086:2020
1030:ISSN
976:2020
946:2020
915:2021
844:2023
769:2021
739:2010
666:2023
633:2023
593:2020
457:and
410:and
388:and
130:the
106:and
71:The
1022:doi
617:doi
455:fan
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