377:) were thus separated from the more northerly ones by a substantial enclave of English settlement. During all those years, Fort Henry was to be the only point in Virginia at which the Indians could be authorized to cross eastward into white territory, or whites westward into Indian territory. At first the Virginia Indians had to wear a badge made of striped cloth while in white territory to show they were authorized, or they could be murdered on the spot. In 1662, this law was changed to require them to display a copper badge or else be subject to arrest. In the early 20th century, such a 17th-century copper badge, inscribed with "Appomattock", was excavated in eastern Dinwiddie County.
594:
425:
re-introduced the practice in 1676. It was violently opposed by the
Indians and caused much suffering to the people. Tribes raided their enemies to sell captives as slaves to the colonists in Virginia and further north. But, the colonial legislature took 15 years until it abolished Indian slavery in
232:(the main residence of Chief Powhatan) during his capture in December 1607, where she was appointed to wash his hands; as well as on another expedition to Werowocomoco in February 1608, when Powhatan commanded her to serve him water, turkey and flatbread.
274:, the colonists, led by Captain Nathaniel West, destroyed Coquonasum's village and drove off the residents in August 1623. The remnants of the tribe moved their settlement farther up Swift Creek, and slightly southward to Old Town Creek in present-day
239:. Smith reported in this year that the tribe had 60 warriors (some historians estimated the total population might be 220 based on that.) Their larger village nearby on the north bank of Wighwhippoc Creek, now called Swift Creek, was ruled by the
445:. This was the last known mention of them as a distinct tribe in historic records and they were estimated to be extinct by 1722. Their descendants likely assimilated into Virginia colonial society or merged with other tribes.
287:, the present site of Washington DC, and spoke Algonquian Powhatan fluently. Fleet built a small fort on the large hill overlooking the falls on the north bank. The site is now occupied by the campus of
218:, led the village. Despite welcoming the colonists, some Appomattoc warriors took part in the sporadic raids on their fort until June 13, after which the paramount Chief Powhatan called a ceasefire.
208:
On May 26, Newport led a second party of 24 English colonists to
Mattica. They were welcomed with food and tobacco. He noted the village was surrounded by cornfields, which the Indians cultivated. A
582:
193:
reached one of their villages at the mouth of the
Appomattox River (it was shown as "Mattica" on the 1608 Tindall map). The English recorded that the foremost warrior among the
575:
621:
263:
seized
Oppussoquionuske's village and the surrounding cultivated land. He renamed it "New Bermudas" (the settlement was incorporated in 1614 as the town of
840:
568:
560:
845:
380:
Fort Henry also served as a starting point for subsequent
English westward exploration. In 1650, an Appomattoc guide called Pyancha took a party led by
349:. Following the treaty of 1646, and until 1691, this fort marked the legal frontier of white settlement, which ran in a straight line from the "head of
835:
429:
As the
Appomattoc population began to dwindle, the people were vulnerable to attack from traditional western enemy tribes. On April 24, 1691, the
460:
region between the
Potomac and Rappahannock rivers. There were historic villages named Matchotic in Northumberland and King George's counties.
677:
662:
433:
who succeeded
Peracuta petitioned the colony for permission for her people to live among the English colonists for protection. In 1705,
598:
395:. A 1669 census shows that the Appomattoc had 50 bowmen around this time, which means their total population may have been about 150.
281:
In 1635 the
Appomattoc were driven from the upper Swift Creek Valley by Captain Henry Fleet. He had spent four years with Indians at
672:
181:, before he incorporated the other tribes into his Confederacy, and were said to be closely connected with the Powhatan royal line.
201:
in the other, to signify the choice of war or peace. The
English party soon settled some 30–40 miles downstream from there, on
235:
Desperate for corn, Smith and Ralph Waldo visited the Appomattoc village in late fall 1608, and bought corn in exchange for
830:
147:
411:
350:
545:
259:
by 1610. Around Christmas 1611, in reprisal for an Appomattoc ambush on a group of English colonists a year before,
422:
275:
151:
143:
288:
330:, on the opposite bank north of the Appomattox (now Randolph Farm at VSU). This was at the northern end of the "
527:
476:
302:(1644–46), the Confederacy was dissolved, and all the subtribes, including the Appomattoc, individually became
667:
631:
271:
362:
646:
626:
342:
219:
434:
403:
319:
162:
139:
131:
789:
641:
616:
442:
202:
190:
102:
366:
354:
299:
256:
170:
106:
713:
708:
407:
292:
491:
First Biennial Report of the Department of Archives and History of the State of West Virginia
437:
noted that the Appomattoc consisted of no more than seven families, living on the pasture of
323:
214:
194:
174:
135:
298:
After the Powhatan Confederacy was finally defeated by the English during the second major
799:
748:
438:
358:
338:
264:
127:
693:
414:. He was among those who signed the 1680 addendum to the treaty. Wood patented land at
410:
was named after the native village. Peracuta and his tribe were excluded from the 1677
189:
The Appomattoc first encountered English explorers on May 8, 1607, when a party led by
178:
391:
led Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam on an expedition within the borders of present-day
824:
773:
457:
456:
and other remnant tribes of the Powhatan Confederacy, but located principally in the
392:
82:
398:
Although beyond the allowed treaty limits, Batts in 1674 patented land just west of
381:
228:
334:
Trail", a long-used Native American trail that ran all the way to South Carolina.
743:
723:
283:
260:
166:
177:, the Appomattoc were one of four subtribes within the original inheritance of
804:
758:
753:
703:
331:
98:
418:
in 1680, indicating some further retreat of the Appomattoc from their lands.
763:
374:
303:
532:, ed. Frederick Webb Hodge, Washington, DC: GPO, 1912, accessed 19 Apr 2010
481:, ed. Frederick Webb Hodge, Washington, DC: GPO, 1912, accessed 19 Apr 2010
17:
738:
728:
636:
602:
593:
388:
307:
241:
155:
94:
69:
57:
778:
733:
198:
255:
Anglo-Native relations deteriorated in 1609, culminating in the First
809:
784:
768:
718:
370:
236:
161:
The Appomattoc were affiliated with the estimated 30 tribes of the
794:
448:
The names "Appomattox" and "Mattox" were sometimes applied to the
564:
318:; modern Rohoic Creek, running near the modern border between
548:
A Study of Virginia Indians and Jamestown: The First Century
369:
is now). The Appomattoc and other southern Powhatan tribes (
421:
Although the colony had prohibited Indian slavery by law,
197:
was bearing a bow and arrow in one hand, and a pipe with
126:, and numerous other variants) were a historic tribe of
310:
Emperor. The Appomattoc by then were located mainly at
686:
655:
609:
402:. Settlers destroyed the Appomattoc village during
384:beyond the headwaters of the river. In 1671, their
88:
76:
63:
50:
38:
306:to the King of England, rather than to the former
529:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: A-M
478:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: A-M
556:Dinwiddie County: Carrefour of the Commonwealth
576:
8:
33:
583:
569:
561:
32:
27:Historic Native American tribe in Virginia
503:A History of Monroe County, West Virginia
452:, a Virginia Indian group made up of the
278:. Colonists attacked them again in 1627.
165:, who controlled the area then known as
469:
345:at the falls, a short distance east of
134:language, and residing along the lower
7:
51:Regions with significant populations
678:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
663:Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe
841:Native American tribes in Virginia
154:Counties in present-day southeast
25:
846:Pre-statehood history of Virginia
673:Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia
272:resumption of hostilities in 1622
592:
836:Extinct Native American tribes
1:
505:by Oren Frederic Morton p. 19
138:, in the area of what is now
412:Treaty of Middle Plantation
862:
276:Colonial Heights, Virginia
289:Virginia State University
93:
81:
68:
55:
43:
668:Mattaponi Indian Nation
551:, National Park Service
226:of Appomattoc again at
599:Native American tribes
89:Related ethnic groups
44:400 (1608), estimated
831:Powhatan Confederacy
622:Chickahominy–Eastern
610:Federally recognized
435:Robert Beverley, Jr.
406:in 1676. The nearby
212:(female chieftain),
163:Powhatan Confederacy
516:Pocahontas's People
514:Helen C. Rountree,
443:Westover Plantation
191:Christopher Newport
35:
554:Richard L. Jones,
355:Franklin, Virginia
300:Anglo-Powhatan War
257:Anglo-Powhatan War
171:Tidewater Virginia
107:Algonquian peoples
818:
817:
781:(now in Oklahoma)
408:Matoaca, Virginia
404:Bacon's Rebellion
112:
111:
16:(Redirected from
853:
656:State-recognized
597:
596:
585:
578:
571:
562:
533:
525:
519:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
474:
250:Oppussoquionuske
215:Oppussoquionuske
195:Virginia Indians
175:William Strachey
144:Colonial Heights
136:Appomattox River
128:Virginia Indians
39:Total population
36:
21:
861:
860:
856:
855:
854:
852:
851:
850:
821:
820:
819:
814:
682:
651:
647:Upper Mattaponi
605:
591:
589:
542:
537:
536:
526:
522:
513:
509:
501:
497:
489:
485:
475:
471:
466:
439:William Byrd II
423:Nathaniel Bacon
365:(west of where
339:Virginia Colony
265:Bermuda Hundred
261:Sir Thomas Dale
187:
173:. According to
45:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
859:
857:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
823:
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
690:
688:
684:
683:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
659:
657:
653:
652:
650:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
611:
607:
606:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
559:
558:
552:
541:
538:
535:
534:
520:
507:
495:
483:
468:
467:
465:
462:
270:Following the
186:
183:
179:Chief Powhatan
169:, present-day
118:(also spelled
110:
109:
91:
90:
86:
85:
79:
78:
74:
73:
66:
65:
61:
60:
53:
52:
48:
47:
41:
40:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
858:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
689:
685:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
658:
654:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
566:
563:
557:
553:
550:
549:
544:
543:
539:
531:
530:
524:
521:
517:
511:
508:
504:
499:
496:
492:
487:
484:
480:
479:
473:
470:
463:
461:
459:
458:Northern Neck
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
393:West Virginia
390:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:In 1645, the
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
285:
279:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
248:, brother of
247:
244:
243:
238:
233:
231:
230:
225:
221:
217:
216:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
62:
59:
54:
49:
42:
37:
19:
790:Wachapreague
698:
642:Rappahannock
617:Chickahominy
555:
547:
528:
523:
515:
510:
502:
498:
490:
486:
477:
472:
453:
449:
447:
430:
428:
420:
415:
399:
397:
385:
382:Abraham Wood
379:
361:town on the
346:
336:
327:
315:
311:
297:
282:
280:
269:
254:
249:
245:
240:
234:
229:Werowocomoco
227:
223:
213:
209:
207:
188:
160:
148:Chesterfield
130:speaking an
123:
119:
115:
113:
105:, and other
103:Chickahominy
72:(historical)
30:Ethnic group
744:Nacotchtank
546:Chapter 4,
454:Onawmanient
363:James River
284:Nacotchtank
167:Tenakomakah
46:Now extinct
825:Categories
805:Wicocomico
759:Patawomeck
754:Occaneechi
714:Chesapeake
709:Assateague
704:Arrohattoc
699:Appomattoc
540:References
431:weroansqua
353:" (modern
343:Fort Henry
332:Occaneechi
320:Petersburg
246:Coquonasum
224:weroansqua
220:John Smith
210:weroansqua
140:Petersburg
132:Algonquian
120:Appamatuck
116:Appomattoc
99:Patawomeck
34:Appamatuck
18:Appamatuck
764:Paspahegh
632:Nansemond
450:Matchotic
375:Nansemond
357:) to the
324:Dinwiddie
316:Rohowicke
304:tributary
203:Jamestown
152:Dinwiddie
64:Languages
800:Weyanoke
749:Nottoway
739:Meherrin
729:Manahoac
687:Historic
637:Pamunkey
603:Virginia
518:, p. 109
493:, p. 154
416:Ronhorak
389:Peracuta
386:weroance
371:Weyanoke
367:Richmond
347:Ronhorak
312:Ronhorak
308:Pamunkey
242:weroance
222:saw the
205:Island.
156:Virginia
124:Apamatic
95:Pamunkey
77:Religion
70:Powhatan
58:Virginia
56:Eastern
779:Shawnee
734:Manskin
694:Accomac
627:Monacan
359:Monacan
293:Ettrick
199:tobacco
185:History
810:Xualae
785:Tutelo
774:Senedo
769:Saponi
719:Chisca
426:1691.
400:Matoks
341:built
328:Matoks
326:) and
237:copper
83:Native
795:Westo
464:Notes
351:Yapin
724:Doeg
322:and
314:(or
150:and
114:The
601:in
441:at
291:in
267:).
827::
373:,
295:.
252:.
158:.
146:,
142:,
122:,
101:,
97:,
584:e
577:t
570:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.