122:
with the first shot of an arrow, ever so small an apple set on the top of a wand at a considerable distance. His detractors hearing these words, lost no time in conveying them to the ears of the king. But the wickedness of the prince speedily conveyed the confidence of the father to the peril of the son, ordering the sweetest pledge of his life to stand instead of the wand, from whom, if the utterer of the boast did not strike down the apple which was placed on him at the first shot of his arrow, he should with his own head pay the penalty of his idle boast. . . . When the youth was led forth, Toko carefully admonished him to receive the whiz of the coming arrow as steadily as possible, with attentive ears, and without moving his head, lest by a slight motion of his body he should frustrate the experience of his well-tried skill. He made him also, as a means of diminishing his apprehension, stand with his back to him, lest he should be terrified at the sight of the arrow. He then drew three arrows from his quiver, and the first he shot struck the proposed mark. Toko then being asked by the king why he had taken so many arrows out of his quiver, when he was to make but one trial with the bow, "That I might avenge on thee," said he, "the error of the first by the points of the others, lest my innocence might hap to be afflicted and thy injustice to go unpunished!"
206:, has placed on a pole, and Gessler commands him to shoot an apple off his son's head with a single bolt from his crossbow. After splitting the apple with the single shot (supposedly on November 18, 1307), Tell is asked why he took more than one bolt out; at first he responds that it was out of habit, but when assured he will not be killed for answering honestly, says the second bolt was meant for Gessler's heart should he fail. In Schiller's play, the demand to shoot the apple off the boy's head motivates Gessler's murder.
31:
230:(also spelled Puncker or Puncher) in the Upper Rhineland is said to have been ordered by "a very eminent person" in about 1430 to prove his extraordinary marksmanship (regarded by Kramer as a sign of consorting with the devil) by shooting a penny off the cap on his young son's head without disturbing the cap. He, too, kept a second arrow in reserve to kill the prince in case he failed.
766:: "The Tale of Heming . . . is a mixture of the legend of Tell-Egill and the traditional account of the battle of Stamford Bridge, derived from the Kings' Lives. . . . The link binding the Archer story to the other is the arrow with which Heming slays the king, his foe, in revenge for his wrongs." The þáttr is Appendix C, pp. 347–87, in this edition.
121:
Toko, who had been for some time in the service of the king , had, by the deeds in which he surpassed his fellow-soldiers, made several enemies of his virtues. One day, when he had drunk rather much, he boasted to those who were at table with him, that his skill in archery was such that he could hit,
390:
In an 1877 book on the historicity of the
William Tell legend, Ernst Ludwig Rochholz connects the similarity of the Tell legend to the stories of Egil and Palnatoki with legends of a migration from Sweden to Switzerland during the Middle Ages. He also adduces parallels in folktales among the Finns
242:
in
Holstein sided with Count Gerhard in 1472 and was banished by King Christian I of Denmark. In a folk tale, the king had him shoot an apple off his son's head, and a window in the Wewelsfleth church depicted the boy with an apple on his head, pierced through by the arrow, while Henning's bow was
415:
by shooting ten arrows from a crossbow in one shot, killing as many foes. Further comparing Indo-European and
Oriental traditions, Rochholz concludes that the legend of the master marksman shooting an apple (or similar small target) was known outside the Germanic sphere and the adjacent regions
158:
Now the king wished to try whether Egill shot so well as was said or not, so he let Egill's son, a boy of three years old, be taken, and made them put an apple on his head, and bade Egill shoot so that the shaft struck neither above the head nor to the left nor the
369:(William Tell, a Danish Fable). During the 19th century, several scholars wrote about the internationalism of the motif. In 1834 Thomas Keightley noted the similarities between Palnatoki's and Tell's stories. There is a summary of the various versions in
348:
by shooting at either a chess piece or a writing tablet on Eindriði's son's head. The king's shot narrowly missed but the boy was unharmed; Eindriði gave in to his mother's and sister's pleas and did not try the feat himself.
163:
Like
Palnatoki, he keeps two more arrows to kill the king in case he fails, but the king does not punish him for saying so, but rather praises him: "The king took that well from him, and all thought it was boldly spoken."
846:: "In the year 1307, among the mountains of Helvetia, an action similar to this of Toko is said to have been performed; and it has given immortality to the name of William Tell"; in note 1 he adds
454:
Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: Index A-K : A Classification of
Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends
739:
324:, one set in the Faroes, and in one Hemingr uses a spear to achieve the feat, rather than an arrow. Hemingr later takes revenge by shooting the king dead at the
1049:
806:
656:
78:
it is F661.3, described as "Skillful marksman shoots apple from man's head" or "apple shot from man's head", though it always occurs in the form of the
515:
1106:
590:
903:
511:
763:
1198:
541:
38:
318:
challenges the archer
Hemingr to shoot a hazelnut off his younger brother Björn's head, which he does. There are two versions of this
1045:
944:
718:
677:
461:
1078:
914:. Rochholz had published an article on the topic in 1869, "Tell als Zauberschütze"; see the list of publications in Joachim Meyer,
694:
618:
809:, say that this was also an apple, and that Eindriði then shot himself, successfully hitting the apple without harming the boy.
566:
776:
1298:
75:
793:
711:
Danorum regum heroumque historia books x–xvi: the text of the first edition with translation and commentary in three volumes
268:, William of Cloudeslee tells the king he will put an apple on his seven-year-old son's head and shoot it off at 120 paces:
681:
966:
Andeutungen eines System der
Mythologie entwickelt aus der priesterlichen Mysteriosophie und Hierologie des alten Orients
843:
358:
1389:
1058:. Ed. Gillian Fellows Jensen. Editiones Arnamagnæanæ series B. volume 3. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1962. OCLC 559417993.
722:
82:
being ordered to shoot an apple (or occasionally another smaller object) off his own son's head. It is best known as
1374:
1322:
1258:
1224:
1099:
340:
One related story turns the motif on its head: after matching him in swimming and in other shooting contests, King
948:
640:
1290:
919:
325:
362:
1330:
1305:
1282:
1273:
1265:
304:
969:
495:
827:
478:
553:
465:
196:'s 1804 play. Tell is arrested for failing to bow in respect to the hat that the newly appointed Austrian
1384:
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635:
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499:
384:
375:
222:
30:
1144:
755:
227:
193:
1018:
Roger E. Mitchell and Joyce P. Mitchell. "Schiller's
William Tell: A Folkloristic Perspective."
578:
243:
undrawn but there was another arrow between his teeth. Between archer and boy there was a wolf.
1139:
1041:
940:
899:
714:
673:
507:
457:
345:
341:
147:
138:
1134:
1056:
Hemings þáttr Áslákssonar: An edition of texts from
Flateyjarbók, Hrokkinskinna and Hauksbók
823:
706:
203:
183:
176:, supposedly happening to start off the Swiss revolution, written first in the 15th-century
100:
1190:
392:
315:
310:
217:
907:
1348:
997:
670:
Myths and Myth-Makers: Old Tales and
Superstitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology
449:
387:'s edition of the ballad of "Adam Bell, Clim of the Clough, and William of Cloudesly."
72:
492:
Tales and Popular Fictions: Their Resemblance and Transmission from Country to Country
1368:
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613:
113:
1129:
1115:
586:
430:
259:
173:
83:
64:
34:
1000:. "Die nordischen, englischen und deutschen Darstellungen des Apfelschussmotivs."
672:, London: Trübner, 1873; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1900, repr. BiblioLife, 2009,
71:
in Germanic folklore (and has been connected with non-European folklore). In the
1025:
630:
404:
370:
320:
239:
916:
Schillers Wilhelm Tell auf seine Quellen zurückgeführt und sprachlich erläutert
1174:
961:
425:
416:(Finland and the Baltic) in India, Arabia, Persia and the Balkans (Serbia).
412:
253:
104:
583:
Sagen, Märchen und Lieder der herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
898:, Heilbronn: Henninger, 1877, OCLC 2846953; reprinted BiblioBazaar, 2010,
17:
400:
79:
99:
The earliest known occurrence of the motif is from the 12th century, in
264:
151:
143:
68:
1033:
639:, 4th ed. tr. James Steven Stallybrass, vol. 1, London: Bell, 1882,
939:, tr. Peter Fisher, Cambridge: Brewer, 1979–80, repr. 1996, 1999,
896:
Tell und Gessler in Sage und Geschichte. Nach urkundlichen Quellen
1002:
Quellenwerk zur Entstehung der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft
396:
198:
1088:
1084:
456:, repr. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2001,
1028:. "The Apple-Shot: Interpreting the Legend of William Tell."
506:, 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Douglas, 1888, repr. BiblioBazaar 2005,
1038:
From Game to War and Other Psychoanalytic Essays on Folklore
357:
The motif was studied and written about as early as 1760 by
1040:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1997.
172:
The best-known version of the story is in the legend of
1079:
Adam Bell, Clim of the Clough and William of Cloudesly
736:
Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama
154:
to shoot an apple off his three-year-old son's head:
1341:
1250:
1217:
1158:
1122:
960:As early as 1845, Kuhn connected William Tell with
713:, ed. Eric Christiansen, Oxford: B.A.R., 1980–81,
365:in a pamphlet in French and German with the title
328:. There are also Norwegian and Faroese ballads on
762:, The Rolls Series Icelandic Sagas vol. 1, 1887,
344:converted Eindriði Pansa (the Splay-Footed) from
752:Orkneyinga saga and Magnus saga, with appendices
411:Book 1, chapter 8.16, is said to have assisted
256:, Clym of the Clough, and Wyllyam of Cloudeslee
854:), which he theorizes got the story from Saxo.
226:(Book 2, chapter 16), a related story occurs:
1100:
8:
918:, Nuremberg: Barbeck, 1876, OCLC 614817741,
617:, Volume 3, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1888,
57:
1065:. Bonn: Heidelsmann, 1904. OCLC 250589189.
734:Ebenezer Cobham Brewer and Marion Harland,
494:, London: Whittaker, 1834, OCLC 457836365,
1107:
1093:
1085:
1012:pp. 1–53. Aarau: Sauerländer, 1947.
1354:Shooting an apple off one's child's head
651:
649:
614:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
589:, Schleswig: Bergas, 1921, OCLC 804563,
49:Shooting an apple off one's child's head
29:
604:
602:
442:
367:Der Wilhelm Tell, ein dänisches Mährgen
968:, Leipzig: Dyck, 1850, OCLC 26330879,
481:: "Tell shoots apple from son's head."
67:that occurs as a motif in a number of
531:by many scholars writing on the motif
7:
1199:Chronicle of the Swiss Confederation
933:The History of the Danes: Books I-IX
391:and the Lapps (Sami), and also from
1063:Henning Wulf, der ditmarsische Tell
964:and Óðinn: Felix Adolph Korn Nork,
792:, Volume 58, Issues 343–348, 1879,
490:Translation from Thomas Keightley,
63:) is a feat of marksmanship with a
25:
820:Wilhelm Tell: Realität und Mythos
287:Shall cleave the apple in towe.
285:And I myself with a broad arrowe
279:All shall see him that bee here—
238:Henning Wulf, or von Wulfen, of
126:Palnatoki later kills the king.
281:And lay an apple upon his head,
273:I have a sonne seven years old;
1299:The Adventures of William Tell
379:, and another in John Fiske's
251:In the Northumbrian ballad of
1:
790:Harper's new monthly magazine
383:. The most detailed precedes
37:'s apple-shot as depicted in
1020:Journal of American Folklore
504:Popular Tales from the Norse
466:pp. 29, "apple," 368, "head"
359:Gottlieb Emmanuel von Haller
283:And goe six paces him froe,
498:. For a fuller version see
1406:
1323:The Legend of William Tell
1259:Adventures of William Tell
1032:50 (October 1991) 327–60.
363:Simeon Uriel Freudenberger
277:I will tye him to a stake—
192:, and later the basis for
103:' version of the story of
1291:The Story of William Tell
326:Battle of Stamford Bridge
305:Hemings þáttr Áslákssonar
910:at the Internet Archive
399:, called the "bow-god",
275:Hee is to me full deere;
258:, which was a source of
894:Ernst Ludwig Rochholz,
818:Jean-François Bergier,
788:"Editor's Easy Chair,"
643:calls him Hemming Wolf.
407:, who according to the
150:, is commanded by King
822:, Munich: List, 1990,
290:
161:
124:
58:
45:
1240:William Tell Overture
431:Death of Joan Vollmer
381:Myths and Myth-Makers
270:
247:William of Cloudeslee
156:
119:
117:Book 10, chapter 7).
33:
1183:Chronicon Helveticum
1167:White Book of Sarnen
984:Rochholz, pp. 35–41.
937:Hilda Ellis Davidson
805:Brewer and Harland,
189:Chronicon Helveticum
179:White Book of Sarnen
136:In the 13th-century
39:Sebastian Münster's
609:Francis James Child
500:George Webbe Dasent
223:Malleus Maleficarum
211:Malleus Maleficarum
1390:History of archery
1294:(1953 uncompleted)
1145:Werner Stauffacher
931:Saxo Grammaticus,
863:Grimm, pp. 380–83.
756:Gudbrand Vigfusson
636:Teutonic Mythology
516:pp. 403–04, note 5
376:Teutonic Mythology
228:Punker of Rohrbach
194:Friedrich Schiller
46:
1375:European folklore
1362:
1361:
1140:Konrad Baumgarten
904:978-1-143-29279-8
885:Child, pp. 14–22.
779:– writing tablet.
760:Sir George Dasent
512:978-1-113-45357-0
16:(Redirected from
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1135:Albrecht Gessler
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204:Albrecht Gessler
186:'s 16th-century
184:Aegidius Tschudi
107:, whom he calls
101:Saxo Grammaticus
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51:, also known as
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361:and the pastor
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353:Scholarly study
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314:(about 1200),
311:Orkneyinga saga
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293:Related stories
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102:
94:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
60:
55:(from German
54:
50:
43:
42:
36:
32:
19:
1385:William Tell
1380:Marksmanship
1353:
1331:William Tell
1329:
1321:
1314:
1307:William Tell
1306:
1297:
1289:
1283:William Tell
1281:
1275:William Tell
1274:
1267:William Tell
1266:
1257:
1238:
1234:William Tell
1233:
1225:
1210:(play, 1804)
1207:William Tell
1206:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1130:William Tell
1116:William Tell
1062:
1055:
1037:
1029:
1019:
1009:
1005:
1001:
980:
965:
956:
932:
927:
915:
895:
890:
881:
868:
859:
851:
848:Vilkina Saga
847:
838:
819:
814:
801:
789:
784:
771:
751:
747:
735:
730:
710:
702:
689:
669:
668:John Fiske,
664:
634:
626:
612:
587:Otto Mensing
582:
574:
561:
549:
536:
529:Vilkina saga
528:
523:
503:
491:
486:
473:
453:
445:
408:
389:
380:
374:
366:
356:
339:
329:
319:
309:
303:
301:
272:
263:
260:Walter Scott
252:
250:
237:
234:Henning Wulf
221:
215:
210:
197:
187:
177:
174:William Tell
171:
168:William Tell
162:
157:
137:
135:
130:
125:
120:
112:
108:
98:
84:William Tell
56:
52:
48:
47:
41:Cosmographia
40:
35:William Tell
1349:Rütlischwur
1081:ballad text
1067:(in German)
1061:Th. Alwin.
1026:Alan Dundes
1014:(in German)
973:(in German)
912:(in German)
852:Þiðrekssaga
842:Keightley,
832:(in German)
631:Jacob Grimm
595:(in German)
403:, and also
371:Jacob Grimm
240:Wewelsfleth
139:Þiðrekssaga
131:Þiðrekssaga
76:Motif Index
59:Apfelschuss
1369:Categories
1175:Tellenlied
1159:Literature
1123:Characters
962:Robin Hood
738:volume 7,
554:pp. 150–51
496:pp. 293–94
437:References
426:Freischutz
182:, then in
53:apple-shot
18:Apple-shot
1318:(1987–90)
1302:(1958–59)
1186:(1550–70)
1050:pp. 46–77
1006:Chroniken
807:pp. 83–84
413:Haddingus
395:compares
346:heathenry
254:Adam Bell
105:Palnatoki
95:Palnatoki
86:'s feat.
1315:Crossbow
1237:(1829) (
1202:(1505–7)
565:Dasent,
540:Dasent,
420:See also
401:Heimdall
220:'s 1486
90:Examples
80:marksman
27:Folklore
1178:(1470s)
992:Sources
874:pp. 3–6
872:Fiske,
775:Grimm,
693:Child,
655:Grimm,
527:Called
308:in the
265:Ivanhoe
69:legends
1334:(2024)
1326:(1998)
1310:(1960)
1286:(1949)
1278:(1934)
1270:(1923)
1262:(1898)
1229:(1791)
1194:(1512)
1170:(1474)
1044:
1010:Anhang
1004:. III
943:
935:, ed.
908:online
902:
844:p. 295
824:pp. 80
794:p. 461
777:p. 381
764:p. xvi
754:, ed.
717:
676:
657:p. 382
641:p. 381
510:
479:p. 783
460:
159:right.
152:Nidung
148:Völund
1342:Other
1218:Opera
1034:JSTOR
970:p. 93
949:p. 31
920:p. 47
740:p. 84
695:p. 29
619:p. 17
591:p. 58
405:Óðinn
385:Child
321:þáttr
144:Egill
1251:Film
1042:ISBN
1008:III
941:ISBN
900:ISBN
758:and
715:ISBN
682:p. 5
674:ISBN
508:ISBN
458:ISBN
397:Ullr
199:Vogt
109:Toko
373:'s
302:In
262:'s
216:In
65:bow
1371::
1048:.
947:,
906:;
830:.
828:81
721:,
709:,
680:,
648:^
633:,
611:,
601:^
593:.
581:,
514:,
502:,
464:,
452:,
332:.
202:,
1243:)
1108:e
1101:t
1094:v
1052:.
975:.
951:.
922:.
876:.
850:(
826:-
742:.
725:.
697:.
684:.
659:.
621:.
569:.
556:.
544:.
518:.
468:.
111:(
20:)
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