663:. To compete, many other laser printer manufacturers licensed Adobe PostScript for inclusion into their own models. Eventually the standardization on Ethernet for connectivity and the ubiquity of PostScript undermined the unique position of Apple's printers: Macintosh computers functioned equally well with any Postscript printer. After the LaserWriter 8500, Apple discontinued the LaserWriter product line in 1997 when
676:
547:, the LaserWriter gave the layout editor an exact replica of the printed page. The LaserWriter offered a generally faithful proofing tool for preparing documents for quantity publication, and could print smaller quantities directly. The Mac platform quickly gained the favor of the emerging desktop-publishing industry, a market in which the Mac is still important.
633:
upon PostScript version, and 1.5 MB minimum for the "frame buffer", for the lowest resolution devices, 300 dpi), as more than 300 dpi of course required more RAM, and some LaserWriters were able to change between 300 dpi and 600 dpi, depending upon how much RAM was installed. 600 dpi, for example, required 6 MB of RAM, but 8 MB of RAM was more commonly found.
40:
632:
In most cases, such RAM was fixed in size and was soldered to the logic board. In late PostScript Level 1, and in early PostScript Level 2, the RAM size was made variable and was generally extensible, through plug-in DIMMs, beyond the 2.0 to 2.5 MB minimum (0.5 to 1.0 MB for instructions, depending
427:
with the addition of downloadable bitmapped fonts. It lacked the power and flexibility of PostScript until several upgrades provided some level of parity. It was some time before similar products became available on other platforms, by which time the Mac had ridden the desktop publishing market to
358:
in a laser printer they intended to market. Jobs was aware of
Warnock's efforts, and upon his return to California he began convincing Warnock to allow Apple to license PostScript for a new printer that Apple would sell. Negotiations between Apple and Adobe over the use of PostScript began in 1983
615:
In the same time-frame as Apple's LaserWriter, Adobe was licensing the very same version of PostScript to Apple's potential competitors (Apple's PostScript licensing terms were non-exclusive); however, all non-Apple licensees of PostScript generally employed one of Adobe's PostScript "reference
624:
which featured PostScript employed such a "reference model" (but with customization for the
Linotronic's different video interface, plus the necessary implementation of "banding" and a hard drive frame buffer and font storage mechanism). Indeed, the PostScript language itself was concurrently
468:
At introduction, the LaserWriter had the most processing power in Apple's product line—more than the 8 MHz
Macintosh. As a result, the LaserWriter was also one of Apple's most expensive offerings. For implementation purposes, the LaserWriter employed a small number of
636:
At this point, Apple's LaserWriters were employing generic non-parity RAM, whereas HP's LaserJets, especially the ones which offered a plug-in PostScript interpreter card, required special parity-type PS/2 RAM modules with a "presence detect" function according to IBM specs.
683:
In 1988, to address the need for both an affordable printer and a professional printer, the LaserWriter II was designed to allow for complete replacement of the computer circuit board that operates the printer. Across all the different models, the print engine was the same.
402:
The combination of the LaserWriter, PostScript, PageMaker and the Mac's GUI and built-in AppleTalk networking would ultimately transform the landscape of computer desktop publishing. At the time, Apple planned to release a suite of AppleTalk products as part of the
394:
The LaserWriter was announced at Apple's annual shareholder meeting on
January 23, 1985, the same day Aldus announced PageMaker. Shipments began in March 1985 at the retail price of US$ 6,995, significantly more than the HP model. However, the LaserWriter featured
571:
8 months earlier. In that regard it and its successors stood out among all of Apple's
Macintosh product offerings until 1987, when Apple adopted a unifying warm gray color they called Platinum across its entire product line, which was to last for over a decade.
410:
While competing printers and their associated control languages offered some of the capabilities of PostScript, they were limited in their ability to reproduce free-form layouts (as a desktop publishing application might produce), use
625:
enhanced and extended to support these high-resolution "banding" devices (as contrasted to the lower resolution "framing" devices, such as the LaserWriter, in which the entire "frame" could be contained within the available
579:
connector and Apple's unified round AppleTalk
Connector Family, which allowed any variety of mechanical networking systems to be plugged into the ports on the computers or printers. A common solution was the 3rd party
530:
LocalTalk was slower than the
Centronics PC parallel interface, but allowed several computers to share a single LaserWriter. PostScript enabled the LaserWriter to print complex pages containing high-resolution
491:), able to provide much greater function, and, indeed, much greater performance, all within the very same LBP-CX form factor, although the external packaging was, for marketing purposes, somewhat different.
441:
The LaserWriter used the same Canon CX printing engine as the HP LaserJet, and as a consequence early LaserWriters and LaserJets shared the same toner cartridges and paper trays. PostScript is a complete
563:. It also continued a departure from the beige color that characterized the Apple and Macintosh products to that time by using the same brighter, creamy off-white color first introduced with the
600:
for most combinatorial logic; with the subsystem timing DRAM refreshing, and rasterization functions being implemented in very few medium-scale-integration PALs. Apple's competitors (i.e.,
1106:
399:
support that allowed the printer to be shared among as many as sixteen Macs, meaning that its per-user price could fall to under $ 450, far less expensive than HP's less-advanced model.
892:
710:
The LaserWriter IIf had a faster processor than the IINTX, a newer version of PostScript and also HP PCL, and included the SCSI interface for font storage on an external hard drive.
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834:
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engine for $ 12,800 in 1983. Sales of the non-networked product were unsurprisingly poor. In 1983, Canon introduced the LBP-CX, a desktop laser printer engine using a
359:
and an agreement was reached in
December 1983, one month before Macintosh was announced. Jobs eventually arranged for Apple to buy $ 2.5 million in Adobe stock.
808:
702:
For high-end users, the LaserWriter IINTX also included a SCSI controller for storage of printer fonts on a hard drive dedicated for use by the printer.
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Building on the success of the original LaserWriter, Apple developed many further models. Later LaserWriters offered faster printing, higher
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and featuring an output resolution of 300 dpi. In 1984, HP released the first commercially available system based on the LBP-CX, the
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The LaserWriter IIg had the capabilities of the IIf, and was also the first LaserWriter with a built-in
Ethernet network interface.
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1968:
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to produce 1980's HP 2680, which filled only part of a room. Other copier companies also started development of similar systems.
296:
system in 1976. Both machines were large, room-filling devices handling the combined output of many users. During the mid-1970s,
692:
printer connected via SCSI that did not use PostScript and did not require a license from Adobe. It had two SCSI ports to allow
1990:
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608:, and others) generally used a variation of one of Adobe's RIPs with their large quantity of small-scale-integration (i.e.,
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and then sent to a software rasterizer program, all inside the printer. To support this, the LaserWriter featured a
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to Apple, where he learned of Apple's laser printer efforts and saw the potential for a new program using the Mac's
556:
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from 1985 to 1988. It was one of the first laser printers available to the mass market. In combination with
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1973:
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415:, or offer the level of detail and control over the page layout. HP's own LaserJet was driven by a simple
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series of processors to drive later models, starting with the
Personal LaserWriter NTR in 1992.
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For midrange users, the LaserWriter IINT provided PostScript support and AppleTalk networking.
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gates, and one custom LSI. The LaserWriter was, thereby, in the same form factor (for its
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of the printer with other SCSI devices such as hard drives. It did not support AppleTalk.
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To deliver higher performance, Apple eventually switched from the 68000 series to the
539:, and vector illustrations. The LaserWriter could print more complex layouts than the
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to produce PostScript output for the new printer. Arranging his own funding through a
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Three years later in 1991, two updated versions of the LaserWriter II were produced.
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The LaserWriter was the first major printer designed by Apple to use the new
386:. The venture capital coined the term "desktop publishing" during this time.
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were complex and expensive, so Apple developed its own networking scheme,
480:, whereas the LaserJet employed a large number of small-scale-integration
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39:
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Electronic printing and publishing: the document processing revolution.
718:
523:
423:, or PCL. The version for the LaserJet, PCL4, was adapted from earlier
253:
computers, the LaserWriter was a key component at the beginning of the
238:
2289:
527:
519:
1198:
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1084:
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was of its own design, and was implemented using few ICs, including
1060:"Printerworks.com: Apple LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus Printers"
674:
308:
281:
1240:
1208:. Support.apple.com (April 15, 2013). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
1189:. Support.apple.com (April 15, 2013). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
1170:. Support.apple.com (April 15, 2013). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
1151:. Support.apple.com (April 15, 2013). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
1132:. Support.apple.com (April 15, 2013). Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
503:, some means to share the printer with several Macs was desired.
688:
For low-end users, there was the LaserWriter IISC, a host-based
1332:
1244:
605:
289:
543:
and other non-Postscript printers. Paired with the program
499:
Since the cost of a LaserWriter was several times that of a
284:
in 1969, which resulted in a commercial system called the
584:
which used conventional telephone cables for networking.
575:
The LaserWriter was also the first peripheral to use the
518:, LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an
300:
started working on similar machines, and partnered with
407:, with the LaserWriter being only the first component.
334:
had seen the LBP-CX while negotiating for supplies of
215:(H × W × D) 11.5×18.5×16.2 in (29×47×41 cm)
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2015:
2008:
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886:Pages 33-46. A PDF of the chapter is available at
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139:
131:
123:
115:
107:
97:
87:
76:
61:
46:
948:, Volume 7 Issue 6 (February 11, 1985), pp. 15-18.
872:Inside the Publishing Revolution. The Adobe Story.
647:List of Apple printers § Laser printer series
659:connectivity, and eventually color output in the
1220:"RISC chips continue conquest of embedded realm"
1040:"HP's History Of Printer Command Language (PCL)"
276:Laser printing traces its history to efforts by
307:HP introduced their first desktop model with a
1344:
1256:
958:Aldus Announces Desktop Publishing System ...
8:
866:
864:
32:
1161:LaserWriter IINTX: Technical Specifications
1113:. Businessweek. Retrieved on July 21, 2013.
382:and began development of what would become
2367:Products and services discontinued in 1988
2012:
1373:
1351:
1337:
1329:
1263:
1249:
1241:
1142:LaserWriter IINT: Technical Specifications
1123:LaserWriter IISC: Technical Specifications
362:At about the same time, Jonathan Seybold (
38:
1199:LaserWriter IIg: Technical Specifications
1180:LaserWriter IIf: Technical Specifications
616:models" (Atlas, Redstone, etc.) and even
1104:Apple Company News & Product Updates
1085:"LaserWriter: Technical Specifications"
853:. fixyourownprinter.com. Archived from
729:
31:
891:. CreativePro.com. December 3, 2002.
806:Apple's Five Most Important Printers.
83: (equivalent to $ 19,820 in 2023)
7:
895:from the original on January 6, 2010
1066:from the original on August 1, 2013
935:"Is Apple's LaserWriter on Target?"
826:
824:
822:
799:
797:
1016:from the original on June 21, 2013
977:from the original on June 10, 2011
889:"Inside the Publishing Revolution"
751:Advances in Computer Graphics III.
25:
1226:. pp. 103–104, 106, 108, 110
832:"HP LaserJet – The Early History"
446:that has to be run in a suitable
2372:Discontinued Apple Inc. products
2152:Mouse and other pointing devices
1969:Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card
924:, HistoryLink, February 22, 2006
816:macworld.com, December 10, 2009.
465:, and a 1 MB frame buffer.
1991:Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
960:BusinessWire, January 23, 1985.
933:Jim Bartimo, Michael McCarthy:
884:Steve Jobs and the LaserWriter.
2040:AppleColor High-Resolution RGB
1:
266:Development of laser printing
245:that operated on top of the
2347:Products introduced in 1985
1218:Child, Jeffrey (May 1992).
461:, 512 KB of workspace
322:
2388:
2362:Snow White design language
2285:Interactive Television Box
1045:February 24, 2012, at the
1028:Why 1984 Wasn't like 1984.
996:Owen W. Linzmayer (2004).
940:December 24, 2016, at the
915:"Brainerd, Paul (b. 1947)"
749:In: Maurice M. de Ruiter:
644:
557:Snow White design language
269:
65:February 1, 1988
2328:Apple hardware since 1998
2324:
1278:
920:February 7, 2012, at the
778:January 27, 2017, at the
744:January 27, 2017, at the
501:dot-matrix impact printer
469:medium-scale-integration
417:page description language
241:publishing software like
37:
2188:Apple Communication Slot
2035:AppleColor Composite IIe
1204:August 11, 2011, at the
1185:August 11, 2011, at the
1166:August 11, 2011, at the
1147:August 11, 2011, at the
1128:August 11, 2011, at the
1090:August 11, 2011, at the
641:Other LaserWriter models
421:Printer Command Language
346:had left Xerox to found
247:graphical user interface
1109:April 17, 2011, at the
811:April 17, 2010, at the
336:3.5" floppy disk drives
292:followed this with the
207:77 lb (35 kg)
50:March 1, 1985
1974:Apple Workgroup Server
999:Apple Confidential 2.0
680:
522:serial port. At 230.4
378:firm, Brainerd formed
2178:Apple II serial cards
1680:68k-based PowerBooks
851:"Canon LBP-CX Engine"
837:June 8, 2021, at the
678:
342:computer. Meanwhile,
1986:Apple Network Server
1942:Big Mac and Baby Mac
1362:hardware before 1998
971:"Macintosh Timeline"
857:on January 31, 2007.
679:Apple LaserWriter II
612:' 7400 series) ICs.
569:Apple Scribe Printer
444:programming language
233:interpreter sold by
2352:Apple Inc. printers
2326:See also template:
2221:Daisy Wheel Printer
2147:Adjustable Keyboard
1809:5200 LC and 5300 LC
874:Adobe Press, 2003.
770:Michael B. Spring:
739:Desktop Publishing.
667:returned to Apple.
471:Monolithic Memories
457:running at 12
366:'s son) introduced
323:Apple's development
34:
2216:Dot Matrix Printer
1953:Macintosh Performa
1921:Power Macintosh G3
1752:-based PowerBooks
1676:Macintosh Portable
681:
255:desktop publishing
185:8 pages per minute
27:1985 laser printer
2334:
2333:
2320:
2319:
2241:Color LaserWriter
2236:410 Color Plotter
2142:Extended Keyboard
2004:
2003:
1996:Macintosh history
1958:Macintosh Centris
1436:Compact Macintosh
1326:
1325:
1318:Color LaserWriter
1009:978-1-59327-010-0
870:Pamela Pfiffner:
783:CRC Press, 1991,
661:Color LaserWriter
610:Texas Instruments
482:Texas Instruments
350:to commercialize
338:for the upcoming
278:Gary Starkweather
219:
218:
158:Power consumption
18:Apple Laserwriter
16:(Redirected from
2379:
2055:Multiple Scan 14
2013:
1600:Macintosh Quadra
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753:Springer, 1988,
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405:Macintosh Office
132:Read-only memory
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2116:Tape Drive 40SC
2069:External drives
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2045:Macintosh Color
2000:
1965:(Macintosh PDS)
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1793:Power Macintosh
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1224:Computer Design
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1206:Wayback Machine
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1187:Wayback Machine
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1168:Wayback Machine
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839:Wayback Machine
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803:Benji Edwards:
802:
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780:Wayback Machine
769:
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746:Wayback Machine
735:
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545:Aldus PageMaker
533:bitmap graphics
511:. Based on the
497:
439:
434:
425:inkjet printers
392:
376:venture capital
364:John W. Seybold
340:Apple Macintosh
325:
302:Hewlett-Packard
274:
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80:
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2357:Laser printers
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1963:Apple IIe Card
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1272:Apple printers
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1032:
1030:Pages 143-146.
1008:
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818:
793:
763:
736:H. A. Tucker:
728:
726:
723:
715:
714:
711:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:daisy-chaining
672:
671:LaserWriter II
669:
642:
639:
589:
586:
552:
549:
516:protocol stack
496:
493:
452:Motorola 68000
438:
435:
433:
430:
391:
388:
332:Apple Computer
324:
321:
272:Laser printing
270:Main article:
267:
264:
262:
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229:with built-in
217:
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102:Motorola 68000
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2125:Input devices
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2060:ColorSync 750
2058:
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2014:
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2007:
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1964:
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1930:Miscellaneous
1928:
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1900:
1897:
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1892:
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1864:7200 and 8200
1862:
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1575:LC 500 series
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1484:Color Classic
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1020:September 23,
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916:
913:David Wilma,
910:
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899:September 23,
894:
890:
885:
881:
880:0-321-11564-3
877:
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827:
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789:0-8247-8544-4
786:
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759:3-540-18788-X
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537:outline fonts
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413:outline fonts
408:
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389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Paul Brainerd
365:
360:
357:
353:
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348:Adobe Systems
345:
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228:
227:laser printer
224:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
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188:
184:
180:
176:
174:Dots per inch
172:
168:
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96:
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49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2230:
2096:Hard Disk 20
1948:Macintosh XL
1905:9000 series
1885:8000 series
1855:7000 series
1830:6000 series
1805:5000 series
1590:Macintosh TV
1547:Macintosh LC
1494:Macintosh II
1312:
1230:February 24,
1228:. Retrieved
1223:
1213:
1194:
1175:
1156:
1137:
1118:
1099:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1054:
1035:
1027:
1018:. Retrieved
998:
991:
979:. Retrieved
965:
957:
953:
945:
929:
909:
897:. Retrieved
883:
871:
855:the original
845:
804:
771:
766:
750:
737:
732:
716:
705:
682:
650:
635:
631:
622:image setter
614:
591:
574:
554:
498:
467:
440:
419:, known as
409:
401:
393:
361:
344:John Warnock
326:
306:
275:
257:revolution.
222:
220:
62:Discontinued
29:
2246:StyleWriter
2231:LaserWriter
2226:ImageWriter
2137:Desktop Bus
2030:Monitor III
2009:Peripherals
1944:(cancelled)
1632:600 series
1313:LaserWriter
1308:StyleWriter
1303:ImageWriter
1298:Daisy Wheel
1070:January 18,
653:resolutions
561:Frog Design
559:created by
541:HP LaserJet
448:interpreter
432:Description
317:HP LaserJet
313:laser diode
235:Apple, Inc.
223:LaserWriter
33:LaserWriter
2341:Categories
2264:MessagePad
2171:Networking
2025:Monitor II
1937:Apple Lisa
1743:500 series
1684:100 series
1479:Classic II
1288:Dot Matrix
882:. Chapter
830:Jim Hall,
791:, Page 46.
725:References
665:Steve Jobs
645:See also:
495:Networking
352:PostScript
328:Steve Jobs
286:Xerox 9700
231:PostScript
212:Dimensions
198:Diablo 630
194:PostScript
169:Monochrome
69:1988-02-01
54:1985-03-01
47:Introduced
2269:eMate 300
2211:Silentype
2183:LocalTalk
2162:QuickTake
2086:Macintosh
1668:PowerBook
1369:Computers
1283:SilenType
981:April 13,
946:InfoWorld
761:, P. 296.
690:QuickDraw
620:'s first
577:LocalTalk
565:Apple IIc
513:AppleTalk
509:LocalTalk
485:74-Series
428:success.
397:AppleTalk
384:PageMaker
356:AppleTalk
251:Macintosh
243:PageMaker
161:760 watts
152:AppleTalk
148:LocalTalk
108:Frequency
98:Processor
81:US$ 6,995
2312:W.A.L.T.
2203:Printers
2132:Keyboard
2081:FileWare
2017:Displays
1426:III Plus
1411:IIc Plus
1378:Apple II
1202:Archived
1183:Archived
1164:Archived
1145:Archived
1126:Archived
1107:Archived
1088:Archived
1064:Archived
1043:Archived
1026:Chapter
1014:Archived
975:Archived
938:Archived
918:Archived
893:Archived
835:Archived
809:Archived
776:Archived
742:Archived
657:Ethernet
618:Linotype
592:Apple's
582:PhoneNET
437:Hardware
294:IBM 3800
190:Language
2295:Paladin
2193:GeoPort
2157:Scanner
2111:PowerCD
2106:AppleCD
2091:ProFile
2076:Disk II
1750:PowerPC
1585:5200 LC
1474:Classic
1396:II Plus
1094:, Apple
719:Am29000
390:Release
261:History
239:WYSIWYG
67: (
52: (
2305:Bandai
2300:Pippin
2290:Mac NC
2256:Newton
1580:LC 630
1570:LC 475
1565:LC III
1006:
878:
787:
757:
588:Legacy
551:Design
520:RS-422
204:Weight
144:Serial
135:512 KB
119:1.5 MB
116:Memory
111:12 MHz
2278:Other
1776:2400c
1771:3400c
1756:2300c
1646:660AV
1628:840AV
1560:LC II
1469:SE/30
1454:512Ke
1360:Apple
380:Aldus
309:Ricoh
298:Canon
282:Xerox
225:is a
182:Speed
166:Color
140:Ports
124:Slots
92:Laser
1979:9150
1914:9600
1909:9500
1899:8600
1894:8500
1889:8100
1879:7600
1874:7500
1869:7300
1859:7100
1849:6500
1844:6400
1834:6100
1824:5500
1819:5400
1814:5260
1766:1400
1761:5300
1537:IIvx
1532:IIvi
1527:IIsi
1522:IIfx
1517:IIci
1512:IIcx
1459:Plus
1449:512K
1444:128K
1416:IIGS
1232:2024
1072:2014
1049:, HP
1022:2009
1004:ISBN
983:2010
901:2009
876:ISBN
785:ISBN
755:ISBN
598:PALs
567:and
524:kbit
505:LANs
474:PALs
354:and
249:of
221:The
88:Type
77:Cost
1736:230
1731:210
1726:Duo
1719:190
1714:150
1709:180
1704:160
1699:170
1694:140
1689:100
1656:630
1651:605
1641:650
1636:610
1623:800
1618:950
1613:900
1608:700
1507:IIx
1421:III
1406:IIc
1401:IIe
629:).
627:RAM
606:NEC
602:QMS
594:RIP
489:RIP
478:LSI
463:RAM
459:MHz
455:CPU
372:GUI
330:of
290:IBM
280:at
177:300
2343::
1781:G3
1555:LC
1502:II
1464:SE
1391:II
1222:.
1062:.
1012:.
1002:.
973:.
944:,
863:^
821:^
796:^
655:,
604:,
535:,
319:.
288:.
196:,
150:,
146:,
1386:I
1352:e
1345:t
1338:v
1264:e
1257:t
1250:v
1234:.
1074:.
1024:.
985:.
903:.
528:s
526:/
127:1
71:)
56:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
