510:
bordered the lagoon system. The top of the Tampa Member is 23 m above mean sea level in northeastern
Hillsborough County, dipping to more than 100 m below mean sea level in Manatee County and 98.5 m below mean sea level in Sarasota County. It has an average thickness of 30.5 m, reach 82 m thick in Sarasota County. The Tampa Member lies above the Nocatee Member in some areas. It overlies undifferentiated Arcadia sediments in other areas, and is overlain by other undifferentiated Arcadia deposits. Erosion has removed the Tampa Member north of Hillsborough County leaving only a few isolated remnants. Beds of Tampa sediments interleave with bed of undifferentiated Arcadia sediments throughout the lower part of the Arcadia Formation. Areas were the Tampa beds are thick and predominate are designated the Tampa Member, but thin, isolated Tampa beds are found elsewhere in the lower Arcadia Formation.
301:
446:
The Tampa Member consists predominantly of limestone with subordinate dolomite, sand and clay very similar to that of the subsurface limestone part of the
Arcadia Formation. There is considerably less phosphate. The color is white to yellowish gray. It is fossil bearing and variably sandy and clayey
437:
The
Nocatee Member is the only part of the Arcadia Formation that is primarily siliciclastic. The member has a limited extent compared to the Arcadia Formation, occurring throughout Charlotte, DeSoto, and Hardee counties, in southwestern Polk County, in westernmost Highlands and Glades counties, in
416:
epoch. While part of central
Florida remained above sea level as Orange Island, southern Florida was covered by the Okeechobean Sea, which extended over the Everglades basin, and was bound on the south by oyster banks, the Collier Bank curving up on the western side, and the Dade Bank curving up on
271:
The age of the
Hawthorne Group is not very clear. Much of the formation has been reworked, and there are few fossils that are diagnostic for a particular age. Some fossil evidence and correlations with neighboring formations indicate that the age of the Arcadian Formation ranges from the earliest
497:
zone"), and the "Tampa
Limestone". The two divisions were later united as the "Tampa Formation". In 1945, C. W. Cooke classified the early Miocene strata throughout Florida as the "Tampa Limestone". In 1964, H. S. Puri and R. O. Vernon classified the Early Miocene strata in Florida as the "Tampa
509:
The Tampa Member is located in DeSoto, Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, Pinellas, and
Sarasota counties, and the northern portion of Charlotte County. It consists of carbonate sediments deposited in the Early Miocene Hillsborough Lagoon System and the Tampa Reef Track and Tampa Archipelago, which
530:
in
Georgia, as well as small adjacent areas in Alabama and South Carolina. The Florida Aquifer in general lies below the Arcadia Formation, with only the lower part of the Tampa Member included in the aquifer. The Florida Aquifer is the main source of fresh water for many cities and smaller
360:
counties. Although there is some variability in the slope of the top of the formation at the northern end, the general slope from north to south is about 5 feet per mile (95 cm/km). The thickness of the formation also generally increases from north to south, to 593 feet (181 m) in
417:
the eastern side. What is now the central Gulf Coast of the
Florida peninsula was covered by the Tampa Subsea, a large lagoon system separated from the open Gulf of Mexico by the Tampa Reef Tract and Tampa Archipelago. During the Aquitanian faunal stage (early in the Miocene), extensive
534:
The
Intermediate Aquifer System lies under southwestern Florida, from southern Hillsborough and southwestern Polk counties to Collier County. The aquifer includes the upper part of the Tampa Member, undifferentiated Arcadia Formation strata above the Tampa Member, the
368:
Parts of the Arcadia Formation are designated the Nocatee and Tampa Members. The Arcadia Formation has two distinct levels. The basal unit includes the Nocatee and Tampa Members and other unnamed Arcadia members, and an upper unit they call " Type Arcadia".
543:, which lies above the Peace River Formation. As does the Arcadia Formation, the aquifer slopes and becomes thicker from north and northeast to south and southwest. The aquifer is the main source of fresh water for Sarasota, Charlotte and Lee counties.
958:
482:. Over 300 species of molluscs have been reported from the Tampa Member beds. The fossils suggest a late Oligocene to early Miocene age for the Tampa Member, but are not entirely diagnostic of age.
478:, as well as others. The Fauna represented by the fossils is primarily marine, but including some land snails. The marine fauna is dominated by molluscs, but includes corals, barnacles, and
429:
layers in the basins. The deposits in the Okeechobean Sea became the Nocatee Member of the Arcadia Formation, and the deposits in the Tampa Subsea became the Tampa Member.
506:
formations. Scott demoted the "Tampa Formation" to "Tampa Member" and combined it with other previously unnamed Hawthorn Group strata in the "Arcadia Formation" in 1988.
393:. The clays are yellowish gray to light olive gray in color. They are moderately hard as well as sandy, silty, phosphatic and dolomitic. Silicified carbonates and
812:
Compton, John S. (1997). "Origin and Paleoceanographic Significance of Florida's Phosphorite Deposits". In Randazzo, Anthony F.; Jones, Douglas S. (eds.).
979:
947:
903:
934:
882:
859:
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344:, and Pasco counties). The top of the formation slopes downward from north to south, from more than 100 feet (30 m) above mean
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communities throughout Florida. In 1985, more than 2.5 billion US gallons (9.5 Gl) per day were pumped from the aquifer.
459:
with little to no phosphate grains. Sand and clay beds are like those in the undifferentiated sediments of the Arcadia Formation.
850:
Jones, Douglas S. (1997). "The Marine Invertebrate Fossil Record of Florida". In Randazzo, Anthony F.; Jones, Douglas S. (eds.).
332:. It is buried beneath later formations over most of its extent, with the exception of surface exposures in the area around
337:
329:
925:
Scott, Thomas M. (1997). "Miocene to Holocene History of Florida". In Randazzo, Anthony F.; Jones, Douglas S. (eds.).
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915:
The lithostratigraphy of the Hawthorn Group (Miocene) of Florida: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 59
831:
Miller, James A. (1997). "Hydrogeology of Florida". In Randazzo, Anthony F.; Jones, Douglas S. (eds.).
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which are yellowish gray to light olive gray to light brown in color. The texture is micro to finely
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Florida Carbonate "Formations" and Conflicting Interpretations of Injection Well Regulations
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counties at the southern end of the Florida peninsula, and possibly to the upper
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328:. It is thin or absent along the east coast of the Florida peninsula north of
551:
The Arcadia Formation proper contains molds and casts in dolomite containing
487:
485:
In 1892 Dall divided the Tampa fossil bearing beds into two divisions, the "
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426:
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Invertebrate fossils from the Tampa Member were first collected in 1842 by
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easternmost Manatee and Sarasota counties, and in northernmost Lee County.
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The Arcadia Formation developed when sea levels rose to flood much of the
552:
448:
422:
289:
277:
816:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. 195–216.
519:
252:
242:
217:
210:
31:
854:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. 89–117.
425:
into the Okeechobean Sea and Tampa Subsea, depositing phosphorus-rich
929:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. 57–67.
835:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. 69–88.
365:, and more than 650 feet (200 m) in southern Miami-Dade County.
556:
299:
466:. The fossil beds of the Tampa Member have since been studied by
394:
389:
with varying sandy, clayey limestones and dolomites containing
352:, and perhaps to more than 750 feet (230 m) below MSL in
348:(MSL) in Polk County to 440 feet (130 m) below MSL in
304:
Extent of surface exposure of the Arcadia Formation.
280:, mollusc, and vertebrate fossils in the overlying
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898:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 32–40.
877:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 29–38.
871:"Chapter 3: The Tampa Subsea (Arcadia Formation)"
895:The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas
869:Petuch, Edward J.; Berschauer, David P. (2022).
663:
892:Petuch, Edward J.; Roberts, Charles E. (2007).
276:(mid-Burdigalian faunal stage). More abundant
747:
675:
639:
8:
522:include parts of the Arcadia Formation. The
308:The Arcadia Formation extends from at least
526:extends throughout Florida and most of the
18:
555:. The Tampa Member contains mollusks and
945:USGS Lithostratigraphic Units of Florida
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603:
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615:
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377:The Arcadia Formation is composed of
183:Core W-12050, Hogan #1, DeSoto County
7:
920:(Report). Florida Geological Survey.
421:around the Florida Platform carried
284:indicate that it began in the early
559:in molds and casts with silicified
14:
875:Ancient Seas of Southern Florida
316:counties in central Florida to
980:Paleogene Georgia (U.S. state)
1:
16:Geologic formation in Florida
664:Petuch & Berschauer 2022
539:, and the lower part of the
61:Nocatee Member, Tampa Member
93:Up to 650 feet (200 m)
996:
498:Stage", consisting of the
913:Scott, Thomas M. (1988).
748:Petuch & Roberts 2007
676:Petuch & Roberts 2007
640:Petuch & Roberts 2007
196:Thickness at type section
26:
491:bed" (later called the "
472:Gilbert Dennison Harris
927:The Geology of Florida
852:The Geology of Florida
833:The Geology of Florida
814:The Geology of Florida
400:have also been found.
305:
537:Peace River Formation
464:Timothy Abbott Conrad
303:
282:Peace River Formation
199:423 feet (129 m)
70:Peace River Formation
702:, pp. 103, 105.
563:and shell material.
224:. It is part of the
42:Geological formation
594:, pp. 198–199.
468:William Healey Dall
330:Indian River County
28:Stratigraphic range
950:2018-08-07 at the
738:, pp. 65, 68.
306:
214:geologic formation
84:Suwannee Limestone
975:Paleogene Florida
961:
954:
905:978-1-4200-4558-1
786:, pp. 82–83.
750:, pp. 35–36.
690:, pp. 65–73.
654:, pp. 56–79.
618:, pp. 60–65.
541:Tamiami Formation
207:Arcadia Formation
203:
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22:Arcadia Formation
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494:Orthaulax pugnax
410:Florida Platform
363:Charlotte County
272:Miocene to late
166:Arcadia, Florida
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292:faunal stage.
286:Middle Miocene
265:through early
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480:foraminifera
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442:Tampa Member
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412:late in the
407:
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338:Hillsborough
326:Florida Keys
307:
270:
258:Faunal stage
256:
246:
236:
235:
209:is an Early
206:
204:
188:Year defined
157:Type section
120:sand, clay,
796:Miller 1997
784:Miller 1997
387:crystalline
373:Composition
267:Burdigalian
175:T. M. Scott
969:Categories
772:Scott 1988
760:Scott 1988
736:Scott 1988
724:Scott 1997
712:Jones 1997
700:Jones 1997
688:Scott 1988
652:Scott 1988
616:Scott 1988
580:Scott 1988
567:References
547:Paleofauna
453:wackestone
379:limestones
358:Palm Beach
354:Miami-Dade
318:Miami-Dade
278:planktonic
263:Aquitanian
504:St. Marks
488:Orthaulax
457:packstone
427:carbonate
419:upwelling
414:Oligocene
398:claystone
391:phosphate
383:dolomites
346:sea level
334:Tampa Bay
162:Named for
122:phosphate
107:limestone
98:Lithology
90:Thickness
66:Underlies
58:Sub-units
948:Archived
553:mollusks
520:aquifers
514:Aquifers
449:mudstone
423:plankton
395:opalized
290:Langhian
251:: Early
180:Location
172:Named by
142:southern
129:Location
111:dolomite
76:Overlies
30:: Early
806:Sources
342:Manatee
288:(early
253:Miocene
243:Neogene
218:Florida
211:Miocene
149:Country
144:Florida
138:Central
103:Primary
48:Unit of
32:Miocene
933:
902:
881:
858:
839:
820:
557:corals
474:, and
455:, and
404:Origin
322:Monroe
296:Extent
238:Period
134:Region
124:grains
918:(PDF)
310:Pasco
248:Epoch
117:Other
931:ISBN
900:ISBN
879:ISBN
856:ISBN
837:ISBN
818:ISBN
518:Two
502:and
381:and
356:and
336:(in
320:and
314:Polk
312:and
205:The
191:1988
140:and
38:Type
232:Age
216:in
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873:.
470:,
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340:,
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220:,
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908:.
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