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Archaeological Record. The
Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR) is an international digital repository for the digital records of archaeological investigations. tDAR's use, development, and maintenance are governed by Digital Antiquity, an organization dedicated to ensuring the long-term preservation of irreplaceable archaeological data and to broadening the access to these data. The archaeological record serves as a database for everything archaeology stands for and has become. The material culture associated with archaeological excavations and the scholarly records in academic journals are the physical embodiment of the archaeological record. The ambiguity that is associated with the archaeological record is often due to the lack of examples, but the archaeological record is everything the science of archaeology has found and created.
240:, mortuary practices, plant remains, or animal remains. Artifacts from the archaeological record are usually found in the ground, and once dug up, archaeologists put data such as photographs and exact location of the artifact into the archaeological record. Bones are sometimes found and included in the archaeological record. Bones can be from both animals and humans that have died and been preserved. Bone fragments and whole bones can be a part of the archaeological record. Plant and organic material found can also become a part of the archaeological record. Seeds are a common plant material that are found and included in the archaeological record. The seeds that
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the durable objects constituting the archaeological record pottery, metal, obsidian, emery offer only a small part of the possible range of commodities traded. Much evidence for early trade has perished slaves, wine, wood, hides, opium, lichens even make up a considerable repertoire of traded
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for research. The mission of an archaeologist is often preservation of the archaeological record. There are different databases which are used to archive and preserve the documentation in addition to the artifacts which serve as archaeological records. One of these databases is The
Digital
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Patrik argued that the first three definitions reflected a "physical model" of archaeological evidence, where it is seen as the direct result of physical processes that operated in the past (like the fossil record); in contrast, definitions four and five follow a "textual model", where the
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Scholars have frequently used in textual analogies such as 'record', 'source' and 'archive' to refer to material evidence of the past since at least the 19th century. The term 'archaeological record' probably originated this way, possibly via parallel concepts in
123:
archaeological record is seen as encoding cultural information about the past (like historical texts). She highlighted the extent to which archaeologists' understanding of what constituted 'the archaeological record' was dependent on broader currents in
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Although the humans themselves are long dead, their patterned behavior can be investigated by the hypothetico-deductive method of science because archaeological remains and their spatial interrelationships are empirically observable records of that
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In order to achieve this representative assessment it is first necessary to appreciate the factors which cause variability in cultural systems (e.g., land use potential), and in the archaeological record itself (e.g., selective recovery by
55:. Other threats to the archaeological record include natural phenomena and scavenging. Archaeology can be a destructive science for the finite resources of the archaeological record are lost to excavation. Therefore,
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The loss, breakage, and abandonment of implements and facilities at different locations, where groups of variable structure performed different tasks, leaves a "fossil" record of the actual operation of an extinct
43:
is used to interpret the archaeological record for a better understanding of human cultures. The archaeological record can consist of the earliest ancient findings as well as contemporary
203:, which saw the archaeological record as the "fossilised" product of physical, cultural and taphonomic processes that happened in the past, and focused on understanding those processes.
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In its broadest sense, the archaeological record can be conceived as the total body of objects made by, used by, or associated with, humanity. This definition encompasses both
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hominid activities, social patterns, and environmental factors, one with another and with the sample and traces which were at the time deposited in the archaeological record.
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The aim of this book is therefore to explain how archaeologists order their data to form a record and how they may try to interpret them as concrete embodiments of thoughts.
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In the first critical review of the concept, philosopher Linda Patrik found that by the 1980s archaeologists conceptualised the term in at least five different ways:
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limit the amount of excavation that they do at each site and keep meticulous records of what is found. The archaeological record is the physical record of human
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materials which are only rarely recorded archaeologically. The range and volume of trade could thus have been far greater than the record now documents.
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find are usually those that were burned during cooking, which helps to preserve them. Features are also part of the archaeological record, and are
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human activity, although the dividing line between 'the past' and 'the present' may not be well-defined. This view is particularly associated with
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and other structures constructed long ago. Features can also include mounds or other monuments that have been constructed by other civilizations.
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is the human story that belongs to everyone's past and represents everyone's heritage. This data can be archived and retrieved by
67:, of why ancient civilizations prospered or failed and why those cultures changed and grew. It is the story of the human world.
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The archaeological record can also consist of the written documentation that is presented in scientific journals. It is what
47:. Human activity has had a large impact on the archaeological record. Destructive human processes, such as agriculture and
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More conservative definitions specify that the archaeological record consists of the "remains", "traces" or "residues" of
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are unable to take and study inside a lab. Features can include burn marks in the ground from fire pits or
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This definition, which emphasizes the materiality of the archaeological record and aligns archaeology with
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Lucas condenses Patrik's list into three distinct definitions of the archaeological record:
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Hardesty, Donald L. (2008). "Goals of
Archaeology, Overview". In Deborah M. Pearsall (ed.).
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The
Emergence of Civilisation: The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C.
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have learned from the artifacts they have documented. This spans the entire world;
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Binford, Lewis R. (1964). "A Consideration of
Archaeological Research Design".
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Components of the archaeological record include: artifacts, built structures,
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concerned with documenting and interpreting the archaeological record.
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Piecing
Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data
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Piecing
Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data
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in the 1950s, and seems to have entered common parlance thereafter.
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Watson, Patty Jo; LeBlanc, Steven A.; Redman, Charles L. (1971).
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Cherry, John F.; Gamble, Clive; Shennan, Stephen, eds. (1978).
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The archaeological record is the sources used by archaeologists
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The archaeological record is the material remains of the past
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Explanation in
Archeology: An Explicitly Scientific Approach
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Clarke, David (1973). "Archaeology: the loss of innocence".
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Michigan
Historical Museum's Digging Up Controversy Exhibit
740:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–168.
704:. BAR British Series 50. Oxford: Archaeopress. p. 11.
445:"What is the archaeological record and why does it matter?"
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Body of physical (i.e. not written) evidence about the past
769:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–123.
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Linking to the Past: A Brief Introduction to Archaeology
483:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–17.
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Marwick, Ben; Birch, Suzanne E. Pilaar (5 April 2018).
657:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 22.
723:. Translated by Ruth Daniel. New York, NY: Macmillan.
734:Lucas, Gavin (2012-02-06). "Materialized culture".
183:, has become increasingly common with the rise of
31:about the past. It is one of the core concepts in
131:were likely to subscribe to a physical model and
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418:"Conserving the In Situ Archaeological Record"
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702:Sampling in Contemporary British Archaeology
340:Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory
869:, Second Edition. Oxford University Press.
164:(objects made or modified by humans) and '
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767:Understanding the Archaeological Record
737:Understanding the Archaeological Record
481:Understanding the Archaeological Record
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103:As a "receptacle" for material deposits
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118:As reports written by archaeologists
796:Advances in Archaeological Practice
443:McChesney, Melisa (23 July 2012).
352:10.1016/B978-0-12-003108-5.50007-5
92:). The term was used regularly by
51:, may damage or destroy potential
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828:The Digital Archaeological Record
676:. London: Routledge. p. 1.
393:10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00121-7
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234:human impact on the environment
628:London: Methuen. p. 441.
1:
719:de Laet, Sigfried J. (1957).
301:Cultural resources management
142:The archaeological record is
133:postprocessual archaeologists
23:is the body of physical (not
721:Archaeology and Its Problems
449:The Archaeology Channel Blog
305:cultural heritage management
385:Encyclopedia of Archaeology
185:post-processual archaeology
179:and the 'material turn' in
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865:Feder, Kenneth L. (2007).
672:Childe, V. Gordon (1956).
504:Childe, V. Gordon (1956).
842:"The Role of Archaeology"
750:– via Google Books.
543:10.1017/S0003598X0003461X
477:"The Trouble with Theory"
129:processual archaeologists
310:Excavation (archaeology)
177:material culture studies
109:As artefacts and objects
622:Renfrew, Colin (1972).
891:Methods in archaeology
387:. pp. 1414–1416.
315:Typology (archaeology)
201:processual archaeology
761:Lucas, Gavin (2012).
508:. London: Routledge.
475:Lucas, Gavin (2012).
181:cultural anthropology
125:archaeological theory
41:Archaeological theory
21:archaeological record
455:on 22 February 2015.
106:As material deposits
53:archaeological sites
191:As material remains
156:As material culture
112:As a collection of
37:academic discipline
809:10.1017/aap.2018.3
763:"Formation Theory"
577:American Antiquity
776:978-1-107-01026-0
490:978-1-107-01026-0
416:Lipe, William D.
402:978-0-12-373962-9
296:Geological record
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217:archaeology
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321:References
228:Components
207:As sources
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531:Antiquity
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346:: 27–62.
162:artefacts
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260:See also
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