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764:(IAS) officer Achala Moulik, a move which inaugurated a tradition of appointing bureaucrats of the IAS instead of archaeologists to head the survey. The tradition was finally brought to an end in 2010 when Gautam Sengupta an archaeologist, replaced K.M Srivastava an IAS officer as director general. He was again succeeded by Pravin Srivastava, another IAS officer. Srivastava's successor incumbent, Rakesh Tiwari was also a professional archaeologist. His successor Usha Sharma was also an IAS officer and her successor V Vidyavathi who is the present DG of ASI is also an IAS officer.
503:
1310:, which was established in the city in 1866. The Archaeological Survey did not maintain its own museums until the tenure of its third director-general, John Marshall. He initiated the establishment of various museums at Sarnath (1904), Agra (1906), Ajmer (1908), Delhi Fort (1909), Bijapur (1912), Nalanda (1917) and Sanchi (1919). The ASI's museums are customarily located right next to the sites that their inventories are associated with "so that they may be studied amid their natural surroundings and not lose focus by being transported".
1492:(CAG) report found that at least 92 centrally protected monuments of historical importance across the country had gone missing without a trace. The CAG could physically verify only 45% of the structures (1,655 out of 3,678). The CAG report said that the ASI did not have reliable information on the exact number of monuments under its protection. The CAG recommended that periodic inspection of each protected monument should be done by a suitably ranked officer. The Culture ministry accepted the proposal. Author and
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monument was the Bengal
Regulation XIX of 1810. The publication revealed the studies and polls that the society conducted to educate the public about India's ancient treasures. Many antiques and other relics were quickly discovered during the ongoing fieldwork, and in 1814 they were placed in a museum. Subsequently, comparable organisations were founded in Madras, Chennai, in 1818, and Bombay, Mumbai, in 1804. However, the most important of the society's achievements was the decipherment of the
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establishment of a laboratory at the Indian Museum in
Calcutta, which was later moved to Dehradun in 1921â1922. The scope and activities of the Science Branch greatly expanded along with the survey's expansion and shortly after Independence. These included doing in-depth study, treating monuments, analysing material remnants, determining the reasons behind deterioration, and taking corrective action for chemical conservation.
38:
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as the director-general of the ASI. Marshall had experience with archeological excavations in Greece and oversaw reforms within the organization that consolidated funding and oversight over the local branches of the ASI. He served as the director-general for a quarter of a century and during his long
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The ASI maintains a
Central Archaeological Library in the Archaeological Survey of India headquarters building in Tilak Marg, Mandi House, New Delhi. Established in 1902, its collection numbers more than 100,000 books and journals. The library is also a repository of rare books, plates, and original
554:
The organization was rocked when FĂŒhrer was unmasked in 1898, and was found to file fraudulent reports about his investigations. Confronted by Smith about his archaeological publications and his report to the
Government, FĂŒhrer was obliged to admit "that every statement in it was absolutely false."
386:
to survey Mysore was a wise move on the part of the administration at the time. He was hired in 1807 to investigate historical sites and monuments in what is now Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar. The first attempt at using the legal system to force the government to become involved when there was a risk to a
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of 1958, the ASI administers more than 3650 ancient monuments, archaeological sites and remains of national importance. These can include everything from temples, mosques, churches, tombs, and cemeteries to palaces, forts, step-wells, and rock-cut caves. The Survey also maintains ancient mounds and
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Mohammed
Sanaullah Khan was appointed to the Archaeological Survey of India on 29 June 1917, marking the establishment of the Science Branch. His main responsibilities included preserving and chemically treating artefacts from museums and other artefacts. An Archaeological Chemist then oversaw the
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In 1892, Edward Buck announced that the
Archaeological Survey of India would be shut down and all ASI staff would be dismissed by 1895, in order to generate savings for the Government's budget. It was understood that only a fantastic archaeological discovery within the next three years for example
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From 1888 started severe lobbying aimed at reducing
Government expenses, and at curtailing the budget of the Archaeological Survey of India, a period of about ten years known as the "Buck crisis", after the Liberal Edward Buck. In effect, this severely threatened the employment of the employees of
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along the width, the length and breadth of India. While
Cunningham funded many of his early excavations himself, in the long run, he realised the need for a permanent body to oversee archaeological excavations and the conservation of Indian monuments and used his stature and influence in India to
1438:
Apart from the ASI, archaeological work in India and conservation of monuments is also carried out in some states by state government archaeological departments. Most of these bodies were set up by the various princely states before independence. When these states were annexed to India after
470:. The post of Director General was permanently suspended in 1889 due to a funds crunch and was not restored until 1902. In the interim period, conservation work in the different areas was carried out by the superintendents of the individual areas.
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419:, carried out a detailed survey of the Buddhist monuments of his own type to be constructed in the Nepalese tarai which lasted for over half a century. Inspired by early amateur archaeologists like the Italian military officer,
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Dholavira: a
Harappan City, Disstt, Kachchh, Gujarat, India, India (Asia and the Pacific), Date of Submission: 03/07/1998, Submission prepared by: Archaeological Survey of India, Coordinates: 23°53'10" N, 70°11'03" E, Ref.:
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tenure, he replenished and invigorated the survey whose activities were fast dwindling into insignificance. Marshall established the post of Government epigraphist and encouraged epigraphical studies. In 1913, he began the
532:, continued to advocate for the preservation of the Archaeological Survey of India, and expressed that what was needed were "new authentic documents" from the pre-Ashokan period, and they would "only be found underground".
1542:
Five expert archaeologists who have also been working on Mohenjo Daro for many yearsâP. Ajit Prasad, V. N. Prabakhar, K. Krishnan, Vasant Shinde, and R. S. Bisht, "who are all from the Archaeological Survey of India,
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inscription, which succeeded in bringing the "Buck Crisis" to an end, and the ASI was finally allowed in June 1895 to continue operations, subject to yearly approval based on successful digs every year.
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It was the primary bulletin of the ASI. The first annual report was published by John Marshall in 1902â03. The last volume was published in 1938â39. It was replaced by Indian Archaeology: A Review.
2215:
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1381:. Since then, a total of 43 volumes have been published. The last volume was published in 1979. An Arabic and Persian supplement to the Epigraphia Indica was also published from 1907 to 1977.
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in 1902. In a speech given to the Asiatic Society on 26 February 1901, he stated that he 'regarded the conservation of ancient monuments as one of the primary obligations of Governmentâ. The
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lobby for an archaeological survey. While his attempt in 1848 did not meet with success, the Archaeological Survey of India was eventually formed in 1861 by a statute passed into law by
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760:
was demolished in 1992 triggering Hindu-Muslim violence all over India. As a fallout of the demolition, Joshi was dismissed in 1993 and controversially replaced as director general by
2012:
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The ASI is divided into a total of 34 circles each headed by a Superintending Archaeologist. Each of the circles are further divided into sub-circles. The circles of the ASI are:
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Indian Archaeology: A Review is the primary bulletin of the ASI and has been published since 1953â54. It replaced the Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India.
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independence, the individual archaeological departments of these states were not integrated with the ASI. Instead, they were allowed to function as independent bodies.
1391:
was edited by E. Hultzsch and published in 1890. A total of 27 volumes were published till 1990. The early volumes are the main source of historical information on the
2800:
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The day-to-day work of the survey was published in a series of periodical bulletins and reports. The periodicals and archaeological series published by the ASI are:
55:
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said that since the ASI is unable to protect the country's museums and monuments, they should be professionally maintained by private companies or through the
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in 1921. The success and scale of the discoveries made ensured that the progress made in Marshall's tenure would remain unmatched. Marshall was succeeded by
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with Cunningham as the first Archaeological Surveyor. The survey was suspended briefly between 1865 and 1871 due to lack of funds but restored by
555:
Under official instructions from the Government of India, FĂŒhrer was relieved of his positions, his papers seized and his offices inspected by
2795:
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1928:
1804:
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A dedicated Museums Branch was established in 1946 by Mortimer Wheeler, which now maintains a total of 50 museums spread across the country.
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The Survey has had 32 Directors-General thus far. Its founder, Alexander Cunningham served as Archaeological Surveyor between 1861 and 1865.
102:
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74:
2010:
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The ASI is headed by a director general who is assisted by an additional director general, two joint directors general, and 17 directors.
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1934:
1810:
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It consists of a series of seven volumes of inscriptions discovered and deciphered by archaeologists of the survey. Founded in 1877 by
1556:
81:
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1470:
435:
431:
121:
2185:
772:
1467:(formed in 1962 by merging Travancore State Archaeology Department (est 1910) and Cochin State Archaeology Department (est 1925))
736:(1972) was passed recommending central protection for monuments considered to be "of national importance". Lal was succeeded by
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both of whom had participated in the excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro. In 1944, a British archaeologist and army officer,
88:
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drawings. The Survey additionally maintains a library in each of its circles to cater to local academics and researchers.
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research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by
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was passed in 1958 bringing the archaeological survey under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture. Ghosh was succeeded by
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442:. In 1871, the Survey was revived as a separate department and Cunningham was appointed as its first Director-General.
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1229:
781:
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succeeded Chakravarti. Ghosh's tenure which lasted until 1968 is noted for the excavations of Indus Valley sites at
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took over as Director General. Wheeler served as Director General till 1948 and during this period he excavated the
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on 22 September 1898. FĂŒhrer had written in 1897 a monograph on his discoveries in Nigali Sagar and Lumbini,
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832:
666:
95:
48:
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as a bi-annual and converted to an annual in 1949. The twenty-second and last volume was published in 1966.
756:. Archaeologists J. P. Joshi and M. C. Joshi succeeded Rao. M. C. Joshi was the director general when the
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was appointed to succeed him - she was the first woman Director General of the ASI. Mitra was succeeded by
1508:
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605:, which lasted for 21 years. The most significant event of his tenure was, however, the discovery of the
420:
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2421:"Archaeological Survey of India failed, explore tasking Taj Mahal upkeep to another body: SC to Centre"
563:, which was withdrawn from circulation by the Government. FĂŒhrer was dismissed and returned to Europe.
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1956:
WILLIS, MICHAEL (2012). "DhÄr, Bhoja and SarasvatÄ«: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back".
1621:"The annual outlay for Ministry of Culture in FY 2023-24 increased by 12.97% to Rs. 3,399.65 Crore"
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on 15 August 1949 to house the artifacts displayed at the Indian Exhibition in the United Kingdom.
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143:
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Ashutosh Gowariker | Mohenjo Daro | Hrithik Roshan | Full Interview | Aamir Khan | Shah Rukh Khan
1973:
1899:
1868:
1860:
1835:
Huxley, Andrew (2010). "Dr FĂŒhrer's Wanderjahre: The Early Career of a Victorian Archaeologist".
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1721:
1713:
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Huxley, Andrew (2010). "Dr FĂŒhrer's Wanderjahre: The Early Career of a Victorian Archaeologist".
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1217:
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671:
1991:
Willis, M. (2012). "Dhar, Bhoja and Sarasvati: From Indology to Political Mythology and Back".
1739:
Huxley, Andrew (2011). "Mr Houghton and Dr FĂŒhrer: a scholarly vendetta and its consequences".
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An old ticket for the heritage monuments of India, issued by the Archaeological Survey of India
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1965:
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to consider whether some other agency be given the responsibility to protect and preserve it.
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and other institutions, all with expertise in different aspects of the same civilization."
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was first published by the then Director-General, J. Burgess in 1888 as a supplementary to
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2016:
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737:
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1886:
BĂŒhler, G. (1895). "Some Notes on Past and Future ArchĆological Explorations in India".
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941:
854:
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1446:(formed in 1972 by upgrading the cell that was earlier under the education department)
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382:, a monthly that was launched in 1788. The Marquis of Wellesley's 1800 nomination of
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1539:'s famed Kakababu series, is an ex-Director of the Archaeological Survey of India.
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745:
741:
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520:
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2051:"Stabilizing History through Statues, Monuments, and Memorials in Curzon's India"
1360:
The first volume of the Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy was brought out by the
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37:
2208:"In major bureaucratic reshuffle, 35 secretaries, additional secretaries named"
2009:
Smith's report is given in the appendix to this article and is available here:
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who also became its first Director-General. The first systematic research into
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2090:
2067:
2004:
1848:
1701:
877:
868:
705:
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1969:
1895:
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1709:
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who served from 1978 to 1981. On Thapar's retirement in 1981, archaeologist
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said that the ASI was not properly discharging its duty in maintaining the
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and helped establish an archaeological body for the newly formed Pakistan.
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The post of Director General was restored by Viceroy and Governor-General
519:
Great "discoveries" were indeed made with the March 1895 discovery of the
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1299:
1090:
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937:
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641:
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1977:
1903:
1864:
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1717:
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1303:
1094:
1054:
1040:
1027:
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other similar sites which represent the remains of ancient habitation.
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610:
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in 1946 and presided over the partitioning of ASI's assets during the
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might be able to turn public opinion and save the funding of the ASI.
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1045:
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814:
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27:
Indian agency responsible for archaeological studies and preservation
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450:
Cunningham retired in 1885 and was succeeded as Director General by
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1102:
1013:
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914:
891:
661:
501:
477:
425:
402:
234:
2032:
Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birth-place in the Nepalese tarai
1888:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
561:
Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birth-place in the Nepalese tarai
1920:
The Sacred Garden of Lumbini: Perceptions of Buddha's birthplace
805:
780:
The Archaeological Survey of India is an attached office of the
2542:
1476:
Department of Archaeology and Museum, Government of West Bengal
1298:
India's first museum was established by the Asiatic Society in
1580:
1106:
905:
31:
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in 1837. This successful decipherment inaugurated the asset.
535:
Another momentous discovery would be made in 1896, with the
547:. The inscription, together with other evidence, confirmed
718:
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act
309:) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for
515:, 1897, was withdrawn from circulation by the Government.
1368:
in 1887. The bulletin has not been published since 2005.
1306:) in 1814. Much of its collection was passed on to the
2511:
1444:
Haryana State Directorate of Archaeology & Museums
592:
Breaking with tradition, Curzon appointed 26-year-old
283:
1788:
1786:
495:, who had just started a family and become a father.
2732:
2576:
1596:
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Institute of Archaeology
1453:
Andhra Pradesh Department of Archeology and Museums
1406:
Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India
361:who published the first English translation of the
278:
262:
250:
240:
226:
216:
208:
198:
188:
170:
162:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1479:Department of Archaeology, Govt. of NCT of Delhi.
1101:The ASI also administers three "mini-circles" at
728:to investigate whether a Ram Temple preceded the
584:was passed in 1904 during his tenure as viceroy.
2035:. Allahabad : Govt. Press, N.W.P. and Oudh.
378:Jones initiative resulted in the publication of
460:(1872) and an annual epigraphical publication
341:, which was founded by the British Indologist
2554:
2524:World Heritage, Tentative Lists, State: India
2172:
2170:
353:texts and published an annual journal titled
8:
1646:
1644:
724:who conducted archaeological excavations at
664:in South India. Wheeler founded the journal
349:, the society promoted the study of ancient
321:who also became its first Director-General.
136:
2806:Archaeological organisations based in India
2781:Executive branch of the government of India
2091:"Taxila in Focus: 100 years since Marshall"
2044:
2042:
1434:State government archaeological departments
486:(1838â1916), Civil servant in Bengal, India
2561:
2547:
2539:
2516:
1449:Orissa State Archaeology Department (1965)
1350:, a final revised volume was published by
512:Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birthplace
291:
154:
135:
2776:1861 establishments in the British Empire
2139:
2137:
2066:
1567:Monuments of National Importance of India
1459:Karnataka State Department of Archaeology
754:Karnataka State Department of Archaeology
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
1796:The Life of Buddha as Legend and History
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1419:was published in 1946 and edited by Sir
771:
509:own report on his discoveries, entitled
2801:Government agencies established in 1861
1612:
1545:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
367:in 1785 with the patronage of the then
2316:"Scientist preservation branch of ASI"
2218:from the original on 15 September 2017
2122:from the original on 25 September 2012
1579:, India's central agency in charge of
588:Discovery of Indus Valley Civilisation
357:. Notable among its early members was
2791:National archaeological organizations
2340:from the original on 13 November 2020
2330:"Kerala State Archaeology Department"
1562:List of World Heritage Sites in India
621:in 1928. Hargreaves was succeeded by
7:
2370:from the original on 26 January 2021
2360:"92 ASI-protected monuments missing"
1993:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1958:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1837:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1830:
1828:
1690:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
752:, who had been transferred from the
530:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
454:. Burgess launched a yearly journal
411:Armed with the knowledge of Brahmi,
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1799:. Courier Corporation. p. 18.
1465:Kerala State Archaeology Department
2458:as officially credited in the film
2296:from the original on 14 April 2015
2292:. Archaeological Survey of India.
2270:from the original on 29 April 2015
2266:. Archaeological Survey of India.
2188:from the original on 20 April 2015
2155:from the original on 28 March 2015
2118:. Archaeological Survey of India.
1662:from the original on 21 April 2015
1557:State Protected Monuments of India
582:Ancient Monuments Preservation Act
25:
2740:Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department
2483:from the original on 18 July 2017
1471:Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department
1357:Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy
740:who served from 1972 to 1978 and
734:Antiquities and Art Treasures Act
551:as the birthplace of the Buddha.
2431:from the original on 10 May 2018
2401:from the original on 15 May 2018
2290:"Central Archaeological Library"
1937:from the original on 2 June 2022
1813:from the original on 15 May 2020
274:(US$ 130 million) (2023â24)
142:
71:"Archaeological Survey of India"
36:
1601:Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878
1490:Comptroller and Auditor General
47:needs additional citations for
2771:Archaeological Survey of India
2570:Archaeological Survey of India
2182:Archaeological Survey of India
2149:Archaeological Survey of India
1793:Thomas, Edward Joseph (2000).
1656:Archaeological Survey of India
1343:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
784:. Under the provisions of the
528:, writing in July 1895 in the
466:(1882) as a supplement to the
303:Archaeological Survey of India
137:Archaeological Survey of India
18:Archaeological survey of india
1:
762:Indian Administrative Service
345:on 15 January 1784. Based in
2796:Organisations based in Delhi
2029:FĂŒhrer, Alois Anton (1897).
1572:Delhi Archaeological Society
1426:Indian Archaeology: A Review
1267:2013â2014: Pravin Srivastava
176:; 163 years ago
2786:Ministry of Culture (India)
2049:Ghosh, Durba (March 2023).
732:. During Lal's tenure, the
539:, a major inscription on a
329:ASI was founded in 1861 by
2822:
2750:Geological Survey of India
1923:. UNESCO. pp. 63â64.
1591:Geological Survey of India
1502:public-private-partnership
1264:2010â2013: Gautam Sengupta
1240:1994â1995: S. K. Mahapatra
537:Lumbini pillar inscription
369:Governor-General of Bengal
335:the subcontinent's history
2391:"India's monumental mess"
2068:10.1017/S0018246X22000322
2005:10.1017/S1356186311000794
1849:10.1017/S1356186310000246
1702:10.1017/S1356186310000246
1389:South Indian Inscriptions
1384:South Indian Inscriptions
1255:2004â2007: C. Babu Rajeev
682:Wheeler was succeeded by
607:Indus Valley civilization
572:Revival under Lord Curzon
474:"Buck crisis" (1888â1898)
203:Governmental organisation
153:
141:
2584:Sir Alexander Cunningham
1741:South East Asia Research
1531:The fictional character
407:Sir Alexander Cunningham
148:Official logo of the ASI
1326:Scientific Preservation
1249:1998â2001: S. B. Mathur
1246:1997â1998: Ajai Shankar
628:Sahni was succeeded by
423:, Cunningham excavated
2055:The Historical Journal
1753:10.5367/sear.2011.0030
1509:Supreme Court of India
1282:2020â2023: V.Vidyawati
1252:2001â2004: K. G. Menon
1243:1995â1997: B. P. Singh
777:
596:-trained archeologist
516:
487:
408:
2238:"The Asiatic Society"
775:
603:excavations at Taxila
505:
481:
421:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
406:
337:was conducted by the
2619:Sir Mortimer Wheeler
2095:stories.durham.ac.uk
1415:The first volume of
1387:The first volume of
1379:The Indian Antiquary
1348:Alexander Cunningham
1128:Alexander Cunningham
557:Vincent Arthur Smith
457:The Indian Antiquary
413:Alexander Cunningham
399:Formation of the ASI
331:Alexander Cunningham
315:Alexander Cunningham
193:Alexander Cunningham
56:improve this article
2015:25 May 2022 at the
1917:Weise, Kai (2013).
1521:Government of India
1513:World Heritage Site
1287:Yadubir Singh Rawat
782:Ministry of Culture
690:was inaugurated in
484:Edward Charles Buck
380:Asiatick Researches
257:Ministry of Culture
252:Parent organisation
246:Yadubir Singh Rawat
138:
2659:M. S. Nagaraja Rao
2425:The Times of India
2364:The Times of India
1537:Sunil Gangopadhyay
1527:In popular culture
1218:M. S. Nagaraja Rao
778:
750:M. S. Nagaraja Rao
672:Partition of India
545:Alois Anton FĂŒhrer
517:
507:Alois Anton FĂŒhrer
493:Alois Anton FĂŒhrer
488:
409:
355:Asiatic Researches
228:Official language
2758:
2757:
2719:Pravin Srivastava
2624:N. P. Chakravarti
2599:Harold Hargreaves
2594:Sir John Marshall
2577:Director-Generals
2479:. 4 August 2016.
2476:Bollywood Hungama
2334:keralaculture.org
1930:978-92-3-001208-3
1806:978-0-486-41132-3
1507:In May 2018, the
1498:Arindam Chaudhuri
1375:Epigraphia Indica
1371:Epigraphia Indica
1176:N. P. Chakravarti
1146:Harold Hargreaves
1117:Directors-General
1077:Jammu and Kashmir
684:N. P. Chakravarti
619:Harold Hargreaves
491:the ASI, such as
463:Epigraphia Indica
343:Sir William Jones
299:
298:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2813:
2709:K. N. Srivastava
2634:Amalananda Ghosh
2629:Madho Sarup Vats
2563:
2556:
2549:
2540:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2512:Official website
2497:
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2490:
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2459:
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2301:
2286:
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2279:
2277:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2240:. Archived from
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2214:. 22 July 2017.
2204:
2198:
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2132:
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2112:
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2101:
2087:
2081:
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2046:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2008:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1635:"History of ASI"
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1421:Mortimer Wheeler
1260:K. N. Srivastava
1188:Amalananda Ghosh
1182:Madho Sarup Vats
1170:Mortimer Wheeler
1068:Himachal Pradesh
702:Amalananda Ghosh
698:Madho Sarup Vats
638:Mortimer Wheeler
541:pillar of Ashoka
468:Indian Antiquary
440:Viceroy of India
415:, a protégé of
384:Francis Buchanan
295:
290:
287:
285:
273:
271:
242:Director General
184:
182:
177:
158:
146:
139:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2745:Survey of India
2728:
2714:Gautam Sengupta
2679:S. K. Mahapatra
2644:M. N. Deshpande
2609:J. F. Blakiston
2572:
2567:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2486:
2484:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2244:on 8 April 2015
2236:
2235:
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2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
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2176:
2175:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2017:Wayback Machine
1990:
1989:
1985:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1807:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1577:Survey of India
1553:
1529:
1486:
1436:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1296:
1291:
1200:M. N. Deshpande
1158:J. F. Blakiston
1119:
1099:
798:
770:
738:M. N. Deshpande
688:National Museum
680:
630:J. F. Blakiston
590:
574:
569:
476:
448:
401:
373:Warren Hastings
359:Charles Wilkins
339:Asiatic Society
327:
282:
269:
268:
265:
253:
243:
233:
229:
219:
180:
178:
175:
149:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2817:
2809:
2808:
2803:
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2783:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:C. Babu Rajeev
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2604:Daya Ram Sahni
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2505:
2504:External links
2502:
2499:
2498:
2460:
2442:
2412:
2389:Pioneer, The.
2381:
2351:
2321:
2307:
2281:
2255:
2229:
2199:
2166:
2145:"Organisation"
2133:
2107:
2082:
2061:(2): 348â369.
2038:
2021:
1983:
1948:
1929:
1909:
1878:
1843:(4): 499â502.
1824:
1805:
1782:
1731:
1696:(4): 496â498.
1673:
1640:
1626:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1528:
1525:
1519:and asked the
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1385:
1382:
1372:
1369:
1358:
1355:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1285:2023âpresent:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1152:Daya Ram Sahni
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
942:Madhya Pradesh
935:
926:
917:
908:
903:
894:
889:
880:
871:
866:
857:
855:Madhya Pradesh
848:
839:
830:
828:Andhra Pradesh
821:
812:
802:
797:
794:
769:
766:
679:
676:
623:Daya Ram Sahni
589:
586:
573:
570:
568:
565:
543:discovered by
475:
472:
447:
444:
400:
397:
326:
323:
311:archaeological
297:
296:
280:
276:
275:
272:1,102.83 crore
266:
263:
260:
259:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
218:Region served
217:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
151:
150:
147:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2818:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2724:Rakesh Tewari
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Achala Moulik
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:K. N. Dikshit
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:James Burgess
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2217:
2213:
2212:livemint.com/
2209:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1999:(1): 129â53.
1998:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1504:(PPP) model.
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1417:Ancient India
1414:
1412:Ancient India
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Indian Museum
1305:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:Rakesh Tewari
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:Achala Moulik
1233:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:K. N. Dikshit
1161:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:John Marshall
1137:
1135:
1134:James Burgess
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:Uttar Pradesh
1056:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
990:
988:
987:Uttar Pradesh
984:
981:
979:
978:Uttar Pradesh
975:
972:
970:
966:
963:
961:
957:
954:
952:
951:Uttar Pradesh
948:
945:
943:
939:
936:
934:
930:
927:
925:
921:
918:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
884:
881:
879:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
861:
858:
856:
852:
849:
847:
843:
840:
838:
834:
831:
829:
825:
822:
820:
816:
813:
811:
810:Uttar Pradesh
807:
804:
803:
801:
795:
793:
790:
787:
783:
774:
767:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
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739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
693:
689:
686:in 1948. The
685:
677:
675:
673:
669:
668:
667:Ancient India
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:K. N. Dikshit
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
598:John Marshall
595:
587:
585:
583:
579:
571:
566:
564:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
522:
514:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
494:
485:
480:
473:
471:
469:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
452:James Burgess
445:
443:
441:
437:
436:Lord Lawrence
433:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:James Prinsep
414:
405:
398:
396:
394:
393:James Prinsep
390:
389:Brahmi script
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
365:
364:Bhagavad Gita
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
294:
289:
281:
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267:
261:
258:
255:
249:
245:
239:
236:
231:
225:
221:
215:
211:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
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187:
173:
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157:
152:
145:
140:
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126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2694:S. B. Mathur
2689:Ajai Shankar
2654:Debala Mitra
2649:B. K. Thapar
2569:
2491:– via
2485:. Retrieved
2474:
2469:
2463:
2433:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2394:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2363:
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2333:
2324:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2284:
2272:. Retrieved
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:the original
2232:
2222:15 September
2220:. Retrieved
2211:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2181:
2157:. Retrieved
2148:
2124:. Retrieved
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:
2085:
2058:
2054:
2031:
2024:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1919:
1912:
1887:
1881:
1840:
1836:
1815:. Retrieved
1795:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1693:
1689:
1664:. Retrieved
1655:
1629:
1615:
1541:
1530:
1506:
1487:
1437:
1338:
1335:Publications
1329:
1320:
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1120:
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2395:The Pioneer
2344:13 November
2116:"Monuments"
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1362:epigraphist
1352:E. Hultzsch
1278:Usha Sharma
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1270:2014â2017:
1258:2009â2010:
1234:1993â1994:
1230:M. C. Joshi
1228:1989â1993:
1224:J. P. Joshi
1222:1987â1989:
1216:1984â1987:
1210:1981â1983:
1204:1978â1981:
1198:1972â1978:
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1132:1886â1889:
1126:1871â1885:
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578:Lord Curzon
319:British Raj
317:during the
2765:Categories
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869:Chandigarh
833:Aurangabad
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82:newspapers
2639:B. B. Lal
2264:"Museums"
2178:"Circles"
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1777:147046097
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1652:"History"
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1517:Taj Mahal
1496:Director
1484:Criticism
1401:Chalukyas
1194:B. B. Lal
1050:Jharkhand
960:Rajasthan
933:Rajasthan
924:Telangana
920:Hyderabad
901:Karnataka
846:Karnataka
842:Bengaluru
824:Amaravati
786:AMASR Act
722:B. B. Lal
714:Dholavira
692:New Delhi
678:1947â2019
652:sites of
650:Stone age
646:Arikamedu
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567:1901â1947
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171:Formation
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325:History
279:Website
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