Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen

4537: 2199: 170: 147: 4602: 43: 1074: 133: 1660: 1555:(see below) and paid its share in the taxes, at least when it had consented to the levying before. Since the city was the major taxpayer, its consent was mostly searched for. Like this the city wielded fiscal and political power within the Prince-Archbishopric, while the city would rather not allow the Prince-Archbishop or his representatives to rule in the city against its consent. 2806:, which caused a flight of Lutheran clergy from that territory. He demanded the Bremian Chapter to allow him to enter the Prince-Archbishopric. The Chapter, now holding the baby, declared again its loyalty to the Emperor and delayed an answer to the request, arguing that it had to consult with the Estates in a Diet first, which would be a lengthy procedure. 4048: 3369:

was back in his office, only to realise the supremacy of Sweden, insisting on its supreme command until the war's end. The Prince-Archbishopric continuously suffered from billeting and alimenting soldiers. The relation between the Estates, who had to maintain administration under Catholic occupation,

2978:

of the remaining monasteries, those clinging to Roman Catholic rite and those converted to voluntary Lutheran convents alike. Nunneries had traditionally been institutions to provide unmarried daughters of the better off, who couldn't be provided a husband befitting their social status or who didn't

4475:, Brage Bei der Wieden and Jan Lokers (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 2002, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 16) 2065:

The Prince-Archbishopric often suffered from military supremacy of neighbouring powers. Having no dynasty, but prince-archbishops of different descent, the Prince-Archbishopric became a pawn in the hands of the powerful. The establishment of a constitution, which would bind the conflicting Estates,

2146:

under the jurisdiction of Verden's See – and the districts served by them. While between 1523 and 1551 the cities of Bremen and Stade had dissolved all the urban monasteries, except of St Mary's in Stade, which transformed until 1568 into a Lutheran convent, and conveyed their buildings to uses by

1714:

as a collective obtained some secular power in them by way of purchase, application of force, usurpation, commendation, pledge, donation etc. The prior archiepiscopal authorities didn't have succeeded in almost any of the sub-entities to gain all the power, be it judicial, patrimonial, parochial,

743:

In the different historical struggles for expansion of territory or privileges and the concerned and disfavoured entity's defence against such annexation or usurpation, plenty of documents have been completely forged or counterfeited or backdated, in order to corroborate one's arguments. "These

2979:

want to marry, with a decent livelihood. So when an unmarried woman of that status joined a nunnery she would bestow earning assets (real estate) or – restricted to her lifetime – regular revenues paid by her male relatives, on the monastery, making up in the former case part of the nunnery's

2280:

Henry III covenanted to accept the privileges of the Estates and the existing laws. Due to his minority he agreed, that Chapter and Estates would rule the Prince-Archbishopric. In this time he should work towards a papal confirmation. De facto he ascended the See in 1568, gained an imperial

3185:, they couldn't freely travel to render an account let alone do the necessary research on the estates. The anti-Catholic attitudes of the burghers and the council of Bremen would make it completely impossible to prepare the restitution of estates from the Lutheran Chapter to the 2191:, also most capitulars, recruited from burghers of the city of Bremen and rural noble families, turned out to be Calvinists and Lutherans. Thus the capitulars preferred to elect Protestant candidates. The Bremian prince-archbishop elects could only occasionally gain the imperial 4145:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; 4114:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; 4012:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; 2311:

So Sixtus V tested Henry III once in a while, demanding the succession of Catholic candidates for vacancies in the Bremian Chapter - which it sometimes accepted, sometimes denied -, while Henry succeeded to be also elected by the Chapters of the prince-bishoprics of

1733:

and the like. Therefore, the archiepiscopal authority used to refer to each sub-entity by different terms like county, parish, shire, bailiwick or patrimonial district, each according to the particular power, which the archiepiscopal authority had achieved in them.

1574:, in enmity with his father's cousin Archbishop Valdemar, gained the Hamburg chapter to elect Burchard as anti-archbishop in early 1208. Lacking papal support, King Valdemar II himself invested him as Archbishop Burchard I, however, only accepted in North Elbia. 1608:, first mentioned in 1274), for all clergy including the Prince-Archbishop. The narrowness of the gate made it technically impossible to come accompanied by knights. Therefore, the Prince-Archbishops rather preferred to reside outside of the city, first in 4217:

The original quotation: «Diese Fälschungen haben einen Schleier vor die Frühgeschichte Hamburg-Bremens gezogen.» Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Elbe und Weser vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts", in:

2171:), often restricted to some years only, and then notwithstanding enfeoff the prince-bishop elect with the regalia of restricted legitimacy to the effect that the elect could rule with princely power within the prince-bishopric, bearing only title of 3589: 3040:

of Lutheran denomination, usually called conventuals. Other expressions like abbess, for the chairwoman, and prioress for conventuals of certain hierarchic function, were – and are partly – continued to be used in such Lutheran

2813:

ordered Dutch, English and French troops for his support to land in the Prince-Archbishopric, while extorting from the latter high war contributions to finance his war. The Chapter's pleas for a reduction of the contributions

169: 146: 1795:

was legally a part of the bishopric until 1646, but de facto ruled by its burghers and didn't tolerate the prince-archbishop's residence within its walls any more since 1313. Therefore, the prince-archbishop moved to

3851:

A list of interesting people whose birth, death, residence or activity took place in the Archdiocese or Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. Not included are persons mentioned above in the list of incumbents of the see.

2720:'s member territories commander-in-chief of the Lower Saxon troops. More troops were recruited and to be billeted and alimented in the Lower Saxon territories, including the Prince-Archbishopric. In the same year 2432:, that he would accept the privileges of the Chapter as well as the existing laws and that he would work - at his own expense - towards gaining either papal confirmation or - in default thereof - an imperial 2186:

Once the inhabitants of the Prince-Archbishopric had adopted Lutheranism and partially Calvinism, as did the city of Bremen and the territories under its influence downstream the Weser and in the district of

4862: 4096:(zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1968, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 1) ed.). Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden. 2037:

himself. Furthermore, such rulers or ruling bodies (such as Chapters or city councils) possessed several important rights and privileges, including a degree of autonomy in the rule of their territories.

2238:) applied for the See. Before electing a new prince-archbishop the Chapter took its time, ruling the Prince-Archbishopric in accordance with the Estates (1566–1568), and considered the opportunities. 4893: 2508: 3420:, with the Archdiocese of Bremen, but due to its persisting occupation by the Swedes he never gained de facto pastoral influence let alone the power as administrator of the prince-archbishopric. 4503: 4176:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; 4059: 1715:

fiscal, feudal or else what. Almost everywhere the rule was to be shared with one or more competing bearers of authority, e.g. aristocrats, outside ecclesiastical dignitaries, autonomous

4928: 4918: 1081:(dark grey) with its remaining three suffragans around 1500, thus after disentangling Bremen's Scandinavian suffragan dioceses, as well as neighbouring provinces in Central Europe. 2041:

In their pastoral and religious capacity as Roman Catholic cleric the archbishops led their archdiocese as the hierarchical superior of all Roman Catholic clergy, including the

1581:

archbishop. In 1223 Archbishop Gebhard reconciled the Hamburg chapter and confirmed that three of its capitulars were enfranchised to elect with the Bremen chapter, to wit the

3478:

never gained pastoral influence, let alone power as prince-bishop due to the persisting Swedish occupation of the Prince-Archbishopric until the end of the Thirty Years' War.

1952:

used its power to elect very old candidates, to minimise the time a ruler can be harmful, or to elect minors, which it hoped to dress and tame in time. Once in a while the

3357:, where they joined the Catholic imperial and Leaguist forces still holding out. On 10 May 1632 they were granted safe-conduct and left a desperately impoverished city of 2492: 3201:

the Chapter is regarded to be illegitimate. Lutheran capitulars were interrogated, but the Chapter was left in office, with its decisions subjected to the consent of the

326: 3052:

by the end of the year 1629 the Roman Catholic visitators issued an ultimatum to the Lutheran conventuals had been thrown out from the monasteries, with the estates of

2918:– under Leaguist occupation – was restituted to Catholic rite and manned with foreign monks, if the Chapter would also agree. Again passing the buck on to the Chapter. 4908: 3397:

succession. So Chapter and Estates ruled the Prince-Archbishopric until the conclusion of the negotiations with Sweden. In 1635 he succeeded as Lutheran Administrator

1600:

The fortified city of Bremen held its own guards, not allowing prince-archiepiscopal soldiers to enter it. The city reserved an extra very narrow gate, the so-called

3259:

headquarters, all churches, except of St. Nicholas, were handed over to foreign Catholic clerics. But the burghers didn't attend Catholic services. So in March 1630

1328:

partitioned Saxony in some dozens of territories of Imperial Immediate status allotting each territory to that one of his allies who had conquered them before from

4601: 3068:

in the Prince-Archbishopric. The expelled conventuals were denied to get the real estate restituted, which they bestowed on the monastery, when they entered it.

1528:

and the emperor, with the Prince-Archbishop waiving his say. The city of Bremen regarded and still regards this privilege to be constitutive for its status as a

2994:, the nunneries' function to provide sustenance for unmarried women wasn't to be given up. So it happened that the Prince-Archbishopric's former Roman Catholic 3330:, started to reconquer the Prince-Archbishopric and – supported by Swedish troops – to capture the neighboured Prince-Bishopric of Verden, de facto dismissing 4525: 4938: 2183:

could bring a prince-bishop elect into the precarious situation to be dismissed by the Emperor or by any of his vassals powerful enough and keen to do so.

4041:

Der Hamburger Dom, Untersuchungen zur Baugeschichte im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert (1245 - 1329) und eine Dokumentation zum Abbruch in den Jahren 1804 - 1807

819: 2891:, on 22 May 1629, in order to regain possession of all his feoffs on the peninsula, he in return agreed to formally end Denmark's participation in the 3751:, existed from 1380 to 1540, subject to Bremen Archdiocese, Hamburg subchapter; after 1526 not part of the secular prince-archiepiscopal rule any more 3741:, existed from 1517 to 1536, subject to Bremen Archdiocese, Hamburg subchapter; after 1526 not part of the secular prince-archiepiscopal rule any more 3697:, existed from 1502 to 1537, subject to Bremen Archdiocese, Hamburg subchapter; after 1526 not part of the secular prince-archiepiscopal rule any more 4463:

has been re-established as Lutheran convent after the end of the Catholic occupation and is functioning up to the present day as such an institution.

4591: 3111: 703:). The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of 3565: 2395: 1238:

in 1180 all of these suffragan bishops achieved for parts of their diocesan territories the status of imperially immediate prince-bishoprics. The

4344:

Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Die Grafen von Stade und die Erzbischöfe von Bremen-Hamburg vom Ausgang des 10. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts", in:

4323:

Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Die Grafen von Stade und die Erzbischöfe von Bremen-Hamburg vom Ausgang des 10. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts", in:

4110:

Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Die Grafen von Stade und die Erzbischöfe von Bremen-Hamburg vom Ausgang des 10. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts", in:

3349:

The reconquest of the Prince-Archbishopric – helped by forces from Sweden and from the city of Bremen – was interrupted by Leaguist forces under

3318:

speculated to regain the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and therefore in June/July 1631 officially allied himself with Sweden. For the war being

2308:

would be a merely temporary phenomenon, while its protagonists still expected all the Roman church to reform, so that there would be no schism.

4923: 2285:

in 1570, while de jure still represented by the Chapter until 1580, in order not to complicate a papal confirmation, which never materialised.

296: 2296:

remained a skeptic. Henry III was raised Lutheran, but educated Catholic and served before his election as Catholic canon of the cathedral in

3350: 1295: 944: 676: 4827: 4141:

Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Elbe und Weser vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts", in:

4933: 2414: 1137: 31: 3436: 2914:, was in a markedly weak position. So in 1628 he consented that the Lutheran convent in the former Roman Catholic St. Mary's monastery in 1652:, where the city council would refrain to interfere. The Hamburg Concathedral with chapterhouse and capitular residential courts formed a 64: 3627: 3413: 3091: 2335:

for the Prince-Archbishopric. Thus Henry III would not exercise the pastoral functions of a Roman Catholic bishop any more. In 1584 the

2107:

By the time he died (1558), in the Prince-Archbishopric nothing was left of the old denomination apart from a few monasteries – such as

1397:, a radically belittled territory consisting of three unconnected territories along the river Elbe, from north west to south east, (1) 4903: 3248:

in 1648). The city was neither to be conquered nor to be successfully beleaguered due to its new fortifications and its access to the

2550: 1149: 3370:

and the returned Administrator were difficult. The Estates preferred to directly negotiate with the occupants, this time the Swedes.

4898: 4422: 4398: 4377: 4353: 4332: 4227: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4166: 4158: 4150: 4135: 4127: 4119: 4101: 4033: 4025: 4017: 3494: 2289: 86: 2697:

and to establish a Baltic trade monopoly, to be run by some imperial favourites including Spaniards and Poles. The idea was to win

1623:

The Chapters of Bremen Cathedral (see below) and part of the administration were located within the city boundary in a district of

1547:, which made the city's status somewhat ambiguous. Through most of the history the city participated in the Prince-Archbishopric's 1205: 4518: 4288:). In 1238 the archbishop of Cologne also gained Imperial Immediacy for part of the diocesan territory, so that from then on the 4094:

Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen am Beginn der Neuzeit (1500-1645): Eine Studie zum Wesen der modernen Staatlichkeit

3542: 3467: 3386: 3137: 3107: 2922: 2733: 2627: 2577: 2528: 1161: 3181:), which it refused, arguing first that the order was not authenticated and later that due to disputes with the city council of 2591:

tried desperately to keep his Prince-Archbishopric out of the war, being in complete agreement with the Estates and the city of

2576:. The Administrator and the Estates of the Prince-Archbishopric met in a Diet and declared for their territory their loyalty to 2503:(September 1621). Coadjutorship usually included the succession of a See. A similar arrangement was reached in November for the 4447:

Sabine Graf, 'Die vier katholischen Klöster Harsefeld, Altkloster, Neukloster und Zeven im evangelischen Erzstift Bremen', in:

4434:

Sabine Graf, „Die vier katholischen Klöster Harsefeld, Altkloster, Neukloster und Zeven im evangelischen Erzstift Bremen“, in:

4240: 3275:

in 1628 alone) and offered in 1630 to relieve every burgher, who would attend Catholic services, without success. In July 1630

2900: 2406: 1364: 1268: 936: 719:(since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the 822:, this is at least how they later corroborated their claim to supremacy over the Bremian see. When, after the death of Bishop 637: 623: 609: 584: 4883: 4571: 2359: 1428:

granted its rulers, even after its dynastic partition in 1296, this territory, consisting only of territorial fringes of the

132: 4623: 4200:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 263–278. 4036:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 105–157. 4138:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 43–104. 3439:

on 13 August 1645, a number of Danish territories, including the two prince-bishoprics, being ceded into Swedish hands. So

4697: 4692: 4586: 4576: 2654:

troops, whose marching through the Prince-Archbishopric had to tolerate in order to prevent entering into armed conflict.

2457: 2219: 2176: 1996: 616: 4169:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 1–21. 3326:, who promised to restitute the Prince-Archbishopric to its former Administrator. In October an Army, newly recruited by 2410: 3427:

agreed with Sweden upon the prince-archbishopric's neutrality. But this didn't last long, because in the Danish-Swedish

1559: 4413:

Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144–1236)", in:

4389:

Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144–1236)", in:

4368:

Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144–1236)", in:

4008:

Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144–1236)", in:

1941: 4913: 4643: 4511: 3284: 3140:(1625–1634 and again 1648–1661), onto the See. After all, the See included at those years an annual revenue of 60,000 2367: 2262: 2198: 4638: 3533:

Reorganisation of Roman Catholic Church in the former Territory of the Archdiocese and Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen

3224:

weren't restituted by order of the city council. The council argued, that the city had long been Protestant, but the

2561: 2546:, officially on behalf of his son the provided to be Administrator successor, suppressing an unrest of its burghers. 2155:

The constitution of the Holy Roman Empire provided, that the Emperor may only enfeoff a prince-bishop elect with the

57: 51: 2159:, if the Pope would have confirmed his election to the respective See. In default thereof the Emperor could grant a 1929:. All parties made use of means like bluffing, threat, obstructionism, corruption, horse-trading and even violence. 4704: 4581: 4417:

for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 105–157, here p. 141.

4393:

for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 105–157, here p. 140.

4372:

for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 105–157, here p. 123.

4068: 3653: 3644: 3637: 2504: 2500: 2469: 2436:. From 1585 to 1589 Chapter and Estates ruled the Prince-Archbishopsric in custodianship for the minor John Adolf. 2073: 1478: 1391: 1368: 1341: 1185: 731:

rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring

3794: 4653: 4633: 4348:

for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 43–104, here p. 95.

4327:

for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 43–104, here p. 53.

4262: 2313: 2211: 1380: 1272: 1201: 1197: 1173: 948: 68: 4852: 4670: 4566: 3715: 3444: 3443:

had to resign as Administrator in both prince-bishoprics. He succeeded his late father on the Danish throne as

3398: 3382: 3103: 3075: 2999: 2896: 2772: 2678: 2674: 2647: 2643: 2623: 2565: 2524: 2520: 2496: 2488: 2477: 2320:(1577–1585), without ever gaining papal confirmation. In 1575 Henry III and Anna von Broich (Borch) married in 2116: 1845:, had to find ways to interact with the other bearers of authority. These were gradually transforming into the 1805: 1577:

In 1219 the Bremen Chapter again ignored the Hamburg capitulars, fearing their Danish partisanship and elected

915:

appointed a new chapter with twelve canons, with three each taken from Bremen Cathedral chapter, and the three

465: 341: 4222:

for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 1–21, here p. 6.

3956: 3893: 3173:

In September 1629 the Chapter was ordered to render an account of all the capitular and prince-archiepiscopal

2767:

ordered his troops to capture all the important traffic hubs in the Prince-Archbishopric and entered into the

2371: 1567: 1047: 3801: 3295:. He had been won by French diplomacy to join a new anti-imperial coalition, soon joined by the Netherlands. 154: 3766: 3611: 3550: 3546: 3463: 3432: 3099: 2713: 2666: 2539: 2453: 2332: 2258: 2254: 2097: 1372: 1145: 1078: 3919: 3660: 4888: 4747: 4687: 4665: 3934: 3133: 2911: 2861:

granted them safe-conduct to England and Denmark and the whole Prince-Archbishopric was in his hands. Now

2792: 2694: 2317: 2305: 2270: 2172: 2081: 2050: 2046: 1676: 1571: 1227: 1223: 1189: 499: 262: 3931:(also Imma von Stiepel; c. 975-980 – 1038), benefactor of the Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic saint 3672: 2942: 2899:, the administration of that prince-bishopric as well as the provided succession as Administrator of the 1209: 4757: 4648: 4628: 4289: 4258: 3906: 3866: 3719: 3707: 3459: 3335: 3186: 3129: 2995: 2938: 2340: 2277: 2054: 1239: 1231: 814:, was consecrated bishop of Bremen, with the same territory. The diocese was conceivably at that time a 3943: 3374:

wanted to secularise the monasteries in favour of his budget, but the opposing Estates prevented that.

3255:

Within the occupied Prince-Archbishopric the Leaguist occupants carried out the restitution. In Stade,

1558:

After the Bremen Cathedral chapter, overlooking the three enfranchised Hamburg capitulars, had elected

951:, who destroyed Bremen, and established in Hamburg also appointing new capitular canons there by 1140. 3978: 3973: 1073: 4823: 4742: 4709: 4682: 3783: 3292: 3245: 3178: 3095: 3049: 2984: 2975: 2926: 2892: 2651: 2532: 2445: 2227: 1846: 1820: 1768: 1552: 1416: 1303: 1169: 1043: 1011: 1003: 995: 905: 479: 457: 4438:; N.F. 91/92 (2001/2002), title of the volume: Stader Jahrbuch 2001/2002, pp. 51-78, here pp. 55seq. 3481:

With the impending enfeoffment of the Prince-Archbisporic of Bremen to the political Great Power of

2033:) of the rulers or ruling bodies, meaning that they had no other authority above them except of the 4732: 4498: 4273: 3830: 3402: 2961: 2888: 2795:, fled to the latter and left the rule in the Prince-Archbishopric to the Chapter and the Estates. 2473: 2321: 1901:. However, the interplay was not determined by fixed standards of behaviour. While the consecutive 1760: 1664: 1628: 1586: 1563: 1420: 1299: 1165: 1090: 1023: 999: 991: 987: 916: 901: 524: 2677:

were bound and the Prince-Archbishopric seemed relieved. But soon after the imperial troops under

911:

After the Obodrite destruction of Hamburg in 983 the Hamburg chapter was dispersed. So Archbishop

4848: 4724: 4675: 4541: 4451:; N.F. 91/92 (2001/2002), title of the volume: Stader Jahrbuch 2001/2002, pp. 51-78, here pp. 66. 3817: 3758: 3685: 3280: 3210: 2717: 2662: 2619: 2557: 2449: 2215: 2120: 2017: 1784: 1702:

consisted of a number of sub-entities. The only thing they all had in common was, that the prior

1644: 1624: 1582: 1543:

often denied the city's status. And also the city could and did not always cling to its claim of

1533: 1529: 1521: 1193: 1035: 444: 311: 225: 3600: 2760:. He declared again his loyalty to the Emperor and neutrality in the conflict. But all in vain. 2132: 1435:, had little in common with the latter. In 1260, with effect from 1296 on, its rulers split the 3983:, (1488–1524), Roman Catholic Augustine monk, later Protestant Reformator in the city of Bremen 2634:

and dearness, had already caused an inflation also in the region. The population suffered from

2269:

as well as to the district of Bederkesa and abandoned the lawsuit, which he had brought to the

1517: 823: 4844: 4831: 4660: 4545: 4536: 4418: 4394: 4373: 4349: 4328: 4223: 4193: 4185: 4177: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4131: 4123: 4115: 4097: 4029: 4021: 4013: 3618: 3288: 2880: 2670: 2604: 2461: 2069: 2008: 1842: 1838: 1814: 1594: 1539:

Through the history the respective rulers of the Prince-Archbishopric and its successor state

1315: 1307: 1141: 1133: 983: 732: 684: 267: 3911: 3726: 2947: 802:, though the formal constitution of the diocese took place only after the subjugation of the 17: 3541:

former diocesan territory was distributed among the still-existing neighbouring dioceses of

3338:(ruled 1630-1631), and causing the flight of the Catholic clergy wherever they arrived. The 3061: 3003: 2768: 2682: 2573: 2231: 1772: 1659: 1649: 1597:

confirmed this settlement in 1224, also affirming the continued existence of both chapters.

1578: 1345: 1333: 1283: 1181: 1153: 1114: 1015: 877: 3948: 3679: 3036:

was in the process of becoming one, with – among a majority of Catholic nuns – a number of

2327:

As to the interior Henry III still had to repay debts from his pre-predecessor Christopher

1813:

former prince-bishopric's territory is represented about by the eastern part of the modern

4840: 4815: 4488: 4293: 4281: 4247: 4081: 3880: 3624: 3471: 3455: 3409: 3206: 3015: 2818:

commented by arguing once the Leaguists would take over, his extortions will seem little.

2223: 2164: 2101: 2022: 2000: 1984: 1980: 1861:

again were by no means homogenous and therefore often quarreled for they consisted of the

1850: 1746: 1720: 1632: 1525: 1494: 1456: 1444: 1440: 1431: 1279: 1235: 1157: 1125: 940: 777: 696: 688: 668: 589: 419: 239: 229: 160: 114: 2783:

and his surviving troops fled to the Prince-Archbishopric and took their headquarters in

1613: 3236:. The city council answered under these circumstances it would rather separate from the 2622:

decided to recruit an army in order to maintain an armed neutrality, with troops of the

1956:

took up time and protracted elections for years, being itself the ruler for the time of

4819: 4714: 4493: 4311: 3968: 3862: 3856: 3561: 3514: 3428: 2658: 2596: 2495:, his cousin of second degree, to grant coadjutorship of the See of Bremen for his son 2250: 2246: 2241:

In 1524 the Prince-Archbishopric had subjected the autonomous farmers' republic of the

2235: 2207: 1797: 1452: 1406: 1398: 1271:

and his allies, many of them vassals and former supporters of his paternal cousin Duke

1059: 963: 761: 487: 205: 178: 3144:

at the free disposal of its holder, making up half the Prince-Archbishopric's budget.

2448:

the Prince-Archbishopric maintained neutrality, as did most of the territories in the

2084:, which made rapid headway, partly because the last Roman Catholic prince-archbishop, 2072:

in Church and State marked the next two centuries, and in spite of the labours of the

1463:), the latter holding the unconnected two northern territories, belonging both to the 4877: 4752: 4618: 4553: 4052: 3997: 3928: 3897: 3870: 3700: 3510: 3229: 2592: 2468:, turned his attention to gain grounds by acquiring the prince-bishoprics of Bremen, 2293: 2112: 1866: 1776: 1725: 1089:

attained its greatest prosperity and later had its deepest troubles under Archbishop

1067: 1031: 838: 799: 692: 602: 532: 257: 3937:(end of 15th century – 1556), Roman Catholic Dominican, controversial theologist in 3401:

in the Sees of Bremen and of Verden. But he had to render homage to the minor Queen

3074:

suspended the capitulars from penalty, if they would dismiss the Lutheran coadjutor

2245:, but the Wursteners still hoped for a liberation and support from the neighbouring 1857:), a prevailingly advisory body, but decision-taking in fiscal and tax matters. The 1570:, who had opposed this election, fled to Hamburg, then under Danish influence. King 1243: 4089: 3837: 3690: 3605: 3498: 3451: 3217: 3174: 3124:

in office, against Leaguist resistance, for he had always kept loyalty to him. The

2980: 2845:

then invaded the Prince-Archbishopric and captured its southern parts. The city of

2600: 2242: 2137: 1957: 979: 630: 555: 551: 272: 249: 3938: 3193:. In October 1629 the capitular secretary finally rendered the ordered account in 1218:

remaining suffragan sees at that time were only existing by name, since insurgent

830:, it lost its independence, and from that time on was permanently united with the 752:

The foundation of the diocese belongs to the period of the missionary activity of

3771: 4254: 3704: 3634: 3310:, all of them troubled by Habsburg's growing influence wielded by virtue of the 3024: 2991: 2857:

with its remaining garrison of 3,500 Danish and English soldiers. On 5 May 1628

2346:, an endeavour for pastoral care and mission in the area of the de facto ceased 1878: 1780: 1672: 1637: 1177: 1027: 1019: 971: 842: 765: 406: 2849:

shut its city gates and entrenched behind its improved fortifications. In 1628

3960: 3901: 3888: 3754: 3590:

List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen

2631: 2630:

and dangerously approaching their region. The concomitant effects of the war,

2484: 2402: 1590: 1410: 1402: 744:

forgeries have drawn a veil before the early history of the Hamburg-Bremen."

4460: 3393:

illegitimate. But the Swedish occupants had to be persuaded first, to accept

3923: 3668: 3558: 3489:, the city of Bremen searched for an imperial confirmation of its status of 3272: 3249: 3141: 3007: 2953: 2870: 2608: 2418: 2188: 2143: 2124: 2108: 2077: 2042: 1764: 1105:

stopped being used as part of the diocese's name. The next two archbishops,

1055: 1007: 928: 924: 846: 815: 811: 680: 356: 4172:

Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in:

2960:– became the local strongholds for a reCatholicisation within the scope of 1909:

from the political landscape, the latter fought for the enforcement of the

1667:

shows in the middle the coat of arms of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.

1609: 920: 3813:, existed from the 13th to the 16th century, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3564:

and its territory, which continued to be supervised by the Roman Catholic

2261:(*1550-1585*, ruled from 1568 on) prince-archbishop. In return his father 4610: 3964: 2838: 2422: 2363: 2336: 2301: 1788: 1688: 1051: 1039: 932: 857:, the "second apostle of the north," was troubled by onslaughts first by 753: 709: 3228:

argued that the city was de jure a part of the Prince-Archbishopric, so

3209:

appointed additional Roman Catholic capitulars in 1630, including a new

2663:

James I, King of England and of Ireland and as James IV King of Scotland

1925:

and repelling his absolutist intentions by making common cause with the

1837:

In relation to the interior the archiepiscopal authority, consisting of

3744: 3307: 2741: 2705:'s support, both of which since long were after the destruction of the 2702: 2690: 2297: 2156: 975: 873: 858: 854: 715: 691:

that after its definitive secularization in 1648 became the hereditary

655: 396: 391: 212: 177:

within the Holy Roman Empire (as of 1648), the episcopal residence (in

3847:

Notable people from the Archdiocese and Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen

2615:

to join, the city refused, but started to enforce its fortifications.

1234:

and they were only to be reestablished later. At the stripping of the

4737: 3734: 3509:

For the further history see the article about the collectively ruled

3482: 3431:(1643–45) the Swedes seized de facto rule in both prince-bishoprics. 3064:, in order to finance them and their missioning in the course of the 2866: 2846: 2698: 2686: 2635: 1792: 1680: 1106: 967: 827: 803: 789: 769: 704: 491: 198: 4051: This article incorporates text from a publication in the 2202:

Territory of the Prince-Archbishopric from a late 16th-century atlas

962:

diocesan territory covered about today's following territories: The

3953:(c. 1430–1485), Roman Catholic priest, church and monastic reformer 1889:

and the archiepiscopal authority, being in itself divided into the

3884: 3826: 3358: 3354: 3033: 3011: 2990:

In many territories, where the majority of the population adopted

2957: 2937:. The Bremian monasteries still maintaining Roman Catholic rite – 2639: 2543: 2197: 2151:

The Era of the Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Archbishopric

2128: 1692: 1684: 1658: 1311: 1219: 1072: 1062:(easterly) as well as the Schleswig-Holsteinian urban counties of 912: 862: 785: 757: 724: 3859:(before 1050 - c. 1081), Roman Catholic canon and historiographer 3712:, existed from before 1255 to 1647, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 1940:

managed to dismiss the autocratic and prodigal Prince-Archbishop

1489:, with part of the diocesan territory being upgraded to form the 4272:

with part of the Saxon territory bearing the official name of a

3874: 3842:, existed from before 986 to 1650, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3823:, existed from 1132 to about 1527, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 2440:

The Prince-Archbishopric during the Thirty-Years War (1618-1648)

2428:

In 1585 John Adolf covenanted at his election in the obligatory

2300:. The schism wasn't so definite, as it looks in retrospect. The 1263:

Gaining Grounds for a Prince-Archbishopric of Imperial Immediacy

1247: 1063: 781: 728: 4507: 4473:

Lebensläufe zwischen Elbe und Weser: Ein biographisches Lexikon

3922:(died second half of 15th century), Roman Catholic Prioress of 3553:, the latter of which covers today the former territory of the 2405:ühlen after a riding accident. After Henry's early death, Duke 748:

The archdiocese before the creation of the prince-archbishopric

4261:, who had had a great effort in defeating the last Saxon Duke 3263:

expelled all Lutheran clergy, except the one of St. Nicholas.

2491:

in 1620, to stipulate with Bremen's Chapter and Administrator

792:

territory for a certain distance from the mouth of the Weser.

36: 3916:(died 1526), Roman Catholic, then Lutheran theologist, martyr 3090:, in favour of his youngest son, the Roman Catholic Archduke 2897:

Frederick II, Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden

2521:

Frederick II, Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden

1917:

often swung between increasing its influence by fighting the

3763:, exists since 1219, till 1648 subject to Bremen Archdiocese 1332:

and his remaining supporters. In 1168 the Saxon clan of the

841:

was regarded as the headquarters for missionary work in the

768:'s initiative, his jurisdiction being assigned to cover the 4184:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; 4153:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; 4122:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; 4020:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; 3780:, existed from the 1270s to 1647, subject to Verden Diocese 3342:

became subject of a Swedish military administration, while

3314:

in a number of Northern German Lutheran prince-bishoprics.

3082:, whom it had elected with full legal validity in 1621. So 2873:

in order to spare its siege. The city remained unoccupied.

1616:, which became the principal fortress of Prince-Archbishop 3806:, existed from 1141 to 1648, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3790:, existed from 1182 to 1650, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3731:, existed from 1232 to 1646, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3665:, existed from 1050 to 1523, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3649:, existed from 1225 to 1528, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3630:, existed from 1225 to 1528, subject to Bremen Archdiocese 3505:

The further History of the Prince-Archbishopric after 1648

2833:

withdrew from the Prince-Archbishopric, in order to fight

2413:

wielded influence at the Bremian Chapter to elect his son

4063:(third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. 2681:

headed for the North in an attempt to destroy the fading

2417:(*1575-1616*) to the See. To this end, Adolf paid 20,000 1833:

Constitution and Politics within the Prince-Archbishopric

1679:), the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (two criss-crossed 1516:

recognised the city of Bremen as a political body by the

3595:

Monasteries in the territory of the prince-archbishopric

2483:

He skillfully took advantage of the alarm of the German

3517:(1823–1978), which emerged by the establishment of the 3291:

had landed with his troops, opening a new front in the

3189:. Even Lutheran capitulars were uneasy in Calvinistic 2732:

to further accept the stationing of Danish troops and

2716:

was elected – in the latter of his functions – by the

2131:

under the jurisdiction of the Bremian archdiocese and

1593:, in charge of the education at the cathedral school. 4894:

Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany

4409: 4407: 4364: 4362: 4060:

New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

1741:

former territory consists about of today's following

1509:, holding only a small part of its former territory. 954: 4043:, Hamburg: Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1973. 2401:

On 22 April 1585 Henry III died in his residence in

2253:. Thus on 17 February 1567 the Chapter elected Duke 1524:

the emperor declared the city to be governed by its

1250:) was a suffragan of Bremen in the years 1186–1255. 27:

Ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire

4723: 4609: 4552: 2983:(not to be confused with the political body of the 1675:, has become the symbol of the city of Bremen (see 651: 547: 521: 511: 476: 454: 434: 416: 402: 369: 351: 332: 317: 302: 287: 255: 245: 235: 221: 194: 186: 101: 3521:in 1823, comprising the territories of the former 2771:, on 27 August 1626, where he was defeated by the 2493:John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp 2147:schools, hospitals, alms houses and senior homes. 2061:Decline of the Prince-Archbishopric's Independence 1340:, had failed to install their family member Count 1128:was elevated to an archdiocese supervising all of 4230:. Addition in edged brackets not in the original. 1972:which had gained at that time substantial power. 3220:within the boundaries of the unoccupied city of 3078:from office. The Chapter refused, still backing 2421:and promised to work towards the restitution of 2175:, but would be banned from participating in the 1222:had destroyed the so-called Wendish dioceses of 4929:1648 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire 3244:(Its independence was finally confirmed by the 2542:stationed Danish troops in the Bremian city of 1258:after 1180 as a territory of imperial immediacy 904:over Bremen. Sergius prohibited the chapter at 4002:Stammtafeln: mit Anhang Calendarium medii aevi 3232:had illegitimately alienated estates from the 2791:, in personal union also Administrator of the 2724:joined the Anglo-Dutch war coalition. In 1625 2685:, in order to subject the Hanseatic cities of 2607:'s Spanish and imperial forces, requested its 2415:John Adolphus of Schleswig-Holstein at Gottorp 1946:, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg-Wolfenbüttel 1566:, archbishop in 1207, Bremen's cathedral dean 955:Bremen's Diocesan Territory and its Suffragans 4919:1180s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 4519: 4174:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser 4143:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser 4112:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser 4010:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser 1663:The coat of arms of the Bremian municipality 8: 4301: 3617:, existed from 1197 to 1648, subject to the 3010:with all their estates had turned into such 2583:With Danish troops within his territory and 2080:congregations, the way was prepared for the 1960:. During the dismissal of Prince-Archbishop 1754: 845:, and new sees to be erected were to be its 383: 375: 354: 106: 3721:St. Mary's Nunnery in the Valley of Lillies 3474:in 1645, i.e. provisional head of the See. 3381:death in 1634 Chapter and Estates regarded 1656:of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen too. 1132:other Nordic former suffragan sees, to wit 735:, making up 10% of its diocesan territory. 4526: 4512: 4504: 3566:Vicariate Apostolic of the Nordic Missions 3511:Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden 3086:himself dismissed him by way of using the 2756:, being as well the provided successor of 2396:Vicariate Apostolic of the Nordic Missions 2265:waived any Saxe-Lauenburgian claim to the 2179:. Lacking papal confirmation and imperial 1505:became one of the successor states of the 168: 145: 98: 2714:Christian IV of Denmark, Duke of Holstein 2540:Christian IV of Denmark, Duke of Holstein 1671:The key, the epithet symbol of the Saint 87:Learn how and when to remove this message 4314:by the respective archbishop of Cologne. 3493:from 1186 (Gelnhausen Privilege), which 3076:Frederick, later Crown Prince of Denmark 2736:, demanded the immediate end of his and 2659:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands 2597:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands 2580:, and their neutrality in the conflict. 2100:, he preferred to reside in the city of 1687:background, see in the left part of the 1520:. With the consent of Prince-Archbishop 1481:, who since 1168 had called himself the 1294:of his duchies. In 1182 he and his wife 908:to found suffragan dioceses of its own. 50:This article includes a list of general 4909:Dioceses established in the 8th century 4210: 3383:Frederick's (later Danish Crown Prince) 3306:and a number of Lower Saxon princes in 2829:from the Bremian See. In the same year 2618:In 1623 the territories comprising the 1897:, became the quasi constitution of the 849:, meaning subject to its jurisdiction. 675:) — not to be confused with the modern 4077: 4066: 4057:Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). 3615:Old Nunnery of Ss. Mary's and Lawrence 1359:prevailed twofoldly. The chief of the 1018:(except of an eastern tract of land), 3887:of Stade's monastery of St. Mary and 3684:of monks, existed from 1104 to 1648, 3351:Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim 3158:, carrying out the provisions of the 2929:, decreed on 6 March 1629 within the 2626:already operating in the neighboured 2088:, was in permanent conflict with the 1804: 520: 510: 475: 453: 433: 415: 411: 350: 331: 316: 301: 286: 282: 254: 7: 3557:proper. Except for the prevailingly 3414:Leopold Wilhelm, Archduke of Austria 2869:, which paid him a ransom of 10,000 2572:would join the war coalition of the 2564:, the Lutheran Administrator of the 2292:regarded Henry III a true Catholic, 2212:Brunswick and Lunenburg-Wolfenbüttel 1236:Duchy of Saxony (7th century - 1180) 1113:, were determined opponents of Pope 32:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bremen 4290:Archbishopric-Electorate of Cologne 3580:being dismantled in the same year. 3267:levied high war contributions from 2507:with its Chapter and Administrator 1913:to become a real constitution. The 760:. It was erected on 15 July 787 at 4939:Former Catholic dioceses in Sweden 2825:had de facto dismissed his cousin 2460:, being in personal union Duke of 2206:Many princely houses, such as the 976:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg 880:confirmed the amalgamation of the 56:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 3495:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 3242:Republic of the Seven Netherlands 2673:campaign. Thus the troops of the 2523:, only to flee the troops of the 1819:and the southern part of today's 1026:, the Lower Saxon urban counties 890:Archdiocese of Hamburg and Bremen 4600: 4535: 4046: 3959:(1529–1586), Lutheran heritable 3416:, imposed in 1629 by his father 3412:provided the Catholic coadjutor 3322:accepted the supreme command of 3128:wished the Roman Catholic Count 2923:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 2879:had meanwhile conquered all the 2734:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 2628:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle 2578:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 1739:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen's 635: 621: 607: 582: 151:The Duchy of Bremen around 1655, 131: 108:Erzstift Bremen/Herzogtum Bremen 41: 4414: 4390: 4369: 4345: 4324: 4219: 3865:(c. 1165–1229), Roman Catholic 3497:, granted to the city in 1646 ( 3485:, as under negotiation for the 3240:and join the quasi-independent 2901:Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt 1975:In relation to the outside the 935:had fled the invasion of Count 826:(838–45), the see was given to 772:territory on both sides of the 450:1186, especially from the 1360s 4286:Herzogtum Westfalen und Engern 4274:Duchy of Westphalia and Angria 3628:St. Catherine's Friary, Bremen 2931:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 2921:The Leaguist takeover enabled 2769:Battle of Lutter am Barenberge 2661:, diplomatically supported by 2611:co-religionist of the city of 2570:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 2390:further institutionalised the 2380:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 2360:Congregatio de Propaganda Fide 2011:. A prerequisite for being an 1977:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1783:and from 1145 to 1526 today's 1700:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1618:Gerhard II, Edelherr zur Lippe 1503:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1491:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1387:, with the later on so-called 1256:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 665:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 175:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 103:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1: 4924:1180 establishments in Europe 4192:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; 4161:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; 4130:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; 4028:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; 4004:. Leipzig: Hahn. p. 506. 3963:of the Prince-Archbishopric, 3570:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen 3562:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen 3423:In 1635/1636 the Estates and 3334:Catholic Prince-Bishop Count 3197:and was informed that by the 3177:(not to be confused with the 3138:Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück 2728:warned the Prince-Archbishop 2603:for its independence against 2425:to the Prince-Archbishopric. 2374:, the task to look after the 2331:. In 1580 Henry introduced a 1717:corporations of free peasants 1691:) and of the Bremian city of 1585:, presiding the chapter, the 1379:, provided his sixth brother 869:renewed claims to supremacy. 617:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen 157:is insufficiently demarcated, 18:Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen 3523:Duchies of Bremen and Verden 3466:(1630–1631) and officiating 3462:, the expelled short-period 3154:as chairman of the imperial 3102:of the prince-bishoprics of 2912:Imperial Free City of Lübeck 2802:and his troops occupied the 2568:requested that the Lutheran 2566:Prince-Bishopric Halberstadt 2333:Lutheran church constitution 2060: 1477:helped their second brother 1449:Herzogtum Sachsen-Wittenberg 1385:Bernhard III, Duke of Saxony 896:, and by so doing he denied 4934:Medieval history of Germany 3060:then being bestowed to the 2096:. Being simultaneously the 2086:Christopher the Spendthrift 1962:Christopher the Spendthrift 1654:Cathedral Immunity District 1461:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg 1278:, had defeated the Duke of 681:ecclesiastical principality 679:, founded in 1994 — was an 4955: 3896:(died latest 1596), upper 3877:, which he founded in 1201 3468:Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück 3385:dismissal as coadjutor by 3346:ascended its See in 1631. 3340:Prince-Bishopric of Verden 2996:nunneries of Himmelpforten 2935:Prince-Bishopric of Verden 2804:Prince-Bishopric of Verden 2793:Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck 2505:Prince-Bishopric of Verden 2411:Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp 2384:Prince-Bishopric of Verden 1314:to go into exile from the 1093:(1043–1072). He was after 798:fixed his headquarters at 29: 4904:History of Bremen (state) 4828:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian 4766: 4598: 3760:Convent of the Holy Cross 3437:Second Peace of Brömsebro 3170:in 1629, who acquiesced. 3012:Lutheran women's convents 2358:were subordinated to the 1905:worked on discarding the 1381:Bernhard, Count of Anhalt 1120:Under the latter in 1104 1099:Patriarchate of the North 1097:upgrade to the rank of a 876:'s (888–909) instigation 561: 543: 412: 347: 283: 167: 159:bottom right in pink the 144: 128: 123: 4899:History of Bremen (city) 3957:Christoph von Issendorff 3894:Bonaventura Borchgreving 3883:(c. 1187 - after 1265), 3788:Nunnery in the Osterholz 3445:Frederick III of Denmark 3353:, coming as a relief to 3048:Within the scope of the 3032:), while the nunnery of 2967:Under the threat of the 2679:Albrecht von Wallenstein 2665:, the brother-in-law of 2499:, later crown prince of 2489:Battle of White Mountain 2444:At the beginning of the 2378:in - among others - the 2372:Pietro Francesco Montoro 1968:ruled together with the 1881:of chartered towns. The 1568:Burchard of Stumpenhusen 530: 513:• Seized by Sweden 496: 485: 463: 442: 423: 209:(seat of govt from 1219) 30:Not to be confused with 4863:Unencircled territories 4624:Brunswick and Lunenburg 4268:, on the behalf of the 3576:only in 1929, with the 3519:High-Bailiwick of Stade 3464:Prince-Bishop of Verden 3433:Christian IV of Denmark 2895:and waived for his son 2748:being already ruled by 2667:Christian IV of Denmark 2585:Christian the Younger's 2515:son succeeded the late 2098:Prince-Bishop of Verden 1779:exclave of the city of 1629:extraterritorial status 1426:younger Duchy of Saxony 1413:. Except of the title, 1375:, a maternal cousin of 1101:and failed completely. 1079:ecclesiastical province 683:(787–1566/1648) of the 155:Imperial City of Bremen 71:more precise citations. 4654:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 4302: 4297: 4285: 4276:, colloquially called 4270:archdiocese of Cologne 4257:his friend Archbishop 4241:Frederick I Barbarossa 3513:(1648–1823). Then see 3271:burghers (e.g. 22,533 3226:restitution commission 3203:restitution commission 3156:restitution commission 2865:turned to the city of 2587:request Administrator 2562:Lunenburg-Wolfenbüttel 2430:election capitulations 2348:archdioceses of Bremen 2278:election capitulations 2271:Imperial Chamber Court 2203: 2168: 2026: 2004: 1988: 1863:hereditary aristocracy 1854: 1755: 1750: 1724: 1677:Coat of arms of Bremen 1668: 1650:Cathedral of St. Peter 1636: 1572:Valdemar II of Denmark 1522:Hartwig II, of Uthlede 1514:Frederick I Barbarossa 1498: 1483:Bishop Elect of Bremen 1460: 1448: 1338:Frederick I Barbarossa 1326:Frederick I Barbarossa 1318:in order to stay with 1288:Frederick I Barbarossa 1269:Frederick I Barbarossa 1082: 1004:Oldenburg in Oldenburg 906:Hamburg's Concathedral 892:, colloquially called 886:Archdiocese of Hamburg 832:Archdiocese of Hamburg 820:archbishops of Cologne 776:from the mouth of the 700: 677:Archdiocese of Hamburg 672: 384: 381:) convening at Diets ( 376: 373:Estates of the Realm ( 355: 181:) shown by a red spot. 107: 4884:Archbishops of Bremen 4310:were always ruled in 4300:, or more colloquial 4259:Philip I of Heinsberg 3920:Gertrud von dem Brake 3584:Incumbents of the see 3460:Francis of Wartenberg 3336:Francis of Wartenberg 3279:left to head for the 3252:via the Weser river. 3234:Roman Catholic Church 3187:Roman Catholic Church 3148:Francis of Wartenberg 2976:Canonical Visitations 2669:, started a new anti- 2201: 2027:Reichsunmittelbarkeit 1995:) with a vote in the 1979:had the status of an 1802:German pronunciation: 1785:Schleswig-Holsteinian 1698:The territory of the 1662: 1485:, to gain the see of 1465:archdiocese of Bremen 1076: 1048:Rendsburg-Eckernförde 1036:Schleswig-Holsteinian 978:(north of Elbe), the 931:. In 1139 Archbishop 784:and westwards to the 673:Fürsterzbistum Bremen 222:Common languages 4251:(7th century – 1180) 3935:Augustin van Getelen 3652:Bremen: Benedictine 3574:Diocese of Osnabrück 3555:Prince-Archbishopric 3487:Treaty of Westphalia 3391:Edict of Restitution 3324:Gustavus II Adolphus 3312:Edict of Restitution 3304:Gustavus II Adolphus 3285:Gustavus II Adolphus 3246:Treaty of Westphalia 3199:Edict of Restitution 3160:Edict of Restitution 3088:Edict of Restitution 2969:Edict of Restitution 2927:Edict of Restitution 2394:by establishing the 2228:Electorate of Saxony 2220:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1932:In 1542/1547 - 1549 1899:Prince-Archbishopric 1885:of interplay of the 1769:Rotenburg upon Wümme 1689:Bremen-Verden's seal 1518:Gelnhausen Privilege 1439:into the Duchies of 1411:Wittenberg upon Elbe 1304:Eleanor of Aquitaine 1240:Bishopric of Livonia 1126:Diocese of Lund (DK) 1012:Rotenburg upon Wümme 806:in 804 or 805, when 780:, northwards to the 4839:Circles est. 1512: 4814:Circles est. 1500: 4544:(1500–1806) of the 4499:Elbe-Weser Triangle 4308:Duchy of Westphalia 4278:Duchy of Westphalia 3863:Albert of Bexhövede 3821:St. George's Friary 3793:Stade: Benedictine 3709:Porta Coeli Nunnery 3578:Vicariate Apostolic 3572:became part of the 3403:Christina of Sweden 3361:after its siege by 3066:Counter-Reformation 3022:, more particular: 2962:Counter-Reformation 2943:Harsefeld Archabbey 2925:, to implement the 2595:. When in 1623 the 2322:Hagen im Bremischen 1907:bishopric's Estates 1859:bishopric's Estates 1847:Bishopric's Estates 1822:County of Rotenburg 1665:Hagen im Bremischen 1564:Bishop of Schleswig 1560:Valdemar of Denmark 1507:old Duchy of Saxony 1407:Lauenburg upon Elbe 1320:Henry II of England 1300:Henry II of England 1296:Matilda Plantagenêt 1267:Holy Roman Emperor 1091:Adalbert of Hamburg 943:and Count Palatine 436:• Bremen city 418:• Break-up of 4914:787 establishments 4860: 4856: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4542:Lower Saxon Circle 4461:Kloster Neuenwalde 4298:Kurfürstentum Köln 3907:Johann Bornemacher 3809:Stade: Franciscan 3695:St. Mary's Nunnery 3491:imperial immediacy 3281:Duchy of Pomerania 3164:Lower Saxon Circle 3030:ladies' foundation 2939:Altkloster Convent 2718:Lower Saxon Circle 2620:Lower Saxon Circle 2599:, fighting in the 2556:, titular duke of 2458:Denmark and Norway 2452:. After 1613 King 2450:Lower Saxon Circle 2216:House of Nikloting 2204: 2035:Holy Roman Emperor 2018:imperial immediacy 1775:as well as of the 1669: 1545:imperial immediacy 1534:imperial immediacy 1530:Free imperial city 1298:, the daughter of 1142:Gardar (Greenland) 1138:Faroe Islands (FO) 1083: 226:Northern Low Saxon 4869: 4868: 4853:Electoral Rhenish 4546:Holy Roman Empire 4076:Missing or empty 4069:cite encyclopedia 3944:Gerhard Halepaghe 3818:Premonstratensian 3811:St. John's Friary 3796:Our Lady's Friary 3739:Franciscan Friary 3655:St. Paul's Friary 3639:St. John's Friary 3619:Diocese of Verden 3408:In the same year 3389:by virtue of the 3298:In February 1631 3293:Thirty Years' War 3238:Holy Roman Empire 2893:Thirty Years' War 2839:Duchy of Holstein 2601:Eighty Years' War 2538:In November 1619 2529:Johan 't Serclaes 2466:Holy Roman Empire 2446:Thirty Years' War 2368:Nuncio to Cologne 2247:Saxe-Lauenburgian 2009:Holy Roman Empire 1948:. Especially the 1923:Prince-Archbishop 1921:jointly with the 1891:Prince-Archbishop 1843:cathedral chapter 1839:Prince-Archbishop 1806:[ˈføːɐdə] 1612:and later in the 1595:Pope Honorius III 1587:dean (Domdechant) 1316:Holy Roman Empire 1308:Richard Lionheart 882:Diocese of Bremen 837:The new combined 733:Diocese of Verden 713:(since 1186) and 685:Holy Roman Empire 661: 660: 647: 646: 643: 642: 595: 594: 340: 334:• 1635–1645 325: 319:• 1596–1634 310: 309:Prince-Archbishop 304:• 1185–1190 295: 294:Prince-Archbishop 289:• 1180–1184 276: 258:Prince-archbishop 217: 210: 203: 202:(seat of chapter) 97: 96: 89: 16:(Redirected from 4946: 4861: 4857: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4604: 4540: 4539: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4505: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4445: 4439: 4432: 4426: 4411: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4366: 4357: 4342: 4336: 4321: 4315: 4305: 4237: 4231: 4215: 4107: 4085: 4079: 4074: 4072: 4064: 4050: 4049: 4005: 3982: 3974:Henry of Zutphen 3952: 3915: 3900:at the court in 3841: 3805: 3775: 3730: 3683: 3664: 3648: 3609: 3470:(1625–1661), as 3458:appointed Count 3435:had to sign the 3379:John Frederick's 3363:John Frederick's 3110:(1625–1662) and 2951: 2910:, exiled in the 2889:Treaty of Lübeck 2881:Jutish Peninsula 2837:invasion of his 2787:. Administrator 2707:Hanseatic League 2683:Hanseatic League 2640:Baden-Durlachian 2574:Protestant Union 2517:Philip Sigismund 2509:Philip Sigismund 2366:conveyed to the 2316:(1574–1585) and 2304:still hoped the 2232:House of Ascania 2141: 2047:Oldenburg-Lübeck 1869:, non-capitular 1816:County of Verden 1808: 1803: 1758: 1579:Gebhard of Lippe 1415:Duke of Saxony, 1361:House of Ascania 1355:But in 1180 the 1348:, on the see of 1224:Oldenburg-Lübeck 1095:Hamburg-Bremen's 960:Hamburg-Bremen's 878:Pope Sergius III 843:Nordic countries 701:Herzogtum Bremen 639: 638: 625: 624: 611: 610: 599: 598: 586: 585: 579: 578: 563: 562: 531: 497: 486: 464: 443: 424: 387: 379: 360: 338: 323: 308: 293: 270: 216:(venue of Diets) 215: 208: 201: 172: 149: 135: 118: 110: 99: 92: 85: 81: 78: 72: 67:this article by 58:inline citations 45: 44: 37: 21: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4943: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4855: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4719: 4605: 4596: 4548: 4534: 4532: 4489:Duchy of Bremen 4485: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4446: 4442: 4433: 4429: 4412: 4405: 4388: 4384: 4367: 4360: 4343: 4339: 4322: 4318: 4249:Duchy of Saxony 4243:dismantled the 4238: 4234: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4104: 4088: 4075: 4065: 4056: 4047: 3996: 3993: 3976: 3946: 3909: 3881:Albert of Stade 3849: 3835: 3799: 3769: 3749:Marienau Friary 3724: 3677: 3658: 3642: 3603: 3597: 3586: 3535: 3507: 3499:Diploma of Linz 3472:Vicar Apostolic 3456:Pope Innocent X 3454:again, the new 3410:Pope Urban VIII 3302:conferred with 3207:Pope Urban VIII 3150:, appointed by 3130:Francis William 3126:Catholic League 3092:Leopold Wilhelm 2945: 2675:Catholic League 2638:and alimenting 2624:Catholic League 2525:Catholic League 2442: 2392:Nordic Missions 2376:Nordic Missions 2356:Nordic Missions 2344:Nordic Missions 2329:the Spendthrift 2267:Land of Wursten 2249:exclave of the 2243:Land of Wursten 2224:House of Wettin 2153: 2135: 2063: 2013:imperial estate 1981:imperial estate 1944:the Spendthrift 1835: 1801: 1731:chartered towns 1681:argent (silver) 1602:Bishop's Needle 1551:as part of the 1499:Erzstift Bremen 1441:Saxe-Wittenberg 1432:Duchy of Saxony 1409:and (3) around 1393:Duchy of Saxony 1383:, from then on 1373:Albert the Bear 1265: 1260: 957: 750: 741: 693:Duchy of Bremen 689:Catholic Church 636: 622: 608: 590:Duchy of Saxony 583: 538: 535: 533:Duchy of Bremen 529: 528: 514: 506: 505: 502: 495: 494: 484: 483: 471: 468: 466:Catholic League 462: 461: 447: 441: 440: 427: 425:duchy of Saxony 422: 421: 335: 320: 305: 290: 266: 261: 240:Catholic Church 211: 204: 182: 163: 161:Duchy of Verden 158: 152: 140: 139: 136: 119: 112: 104: 93: 82: 76: 73: 63:Please help to 62: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4952: 4950: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4876: 4875: 4867: 4866: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4715:Saxe-Lauenburg 4712: 4707: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4621: 4615: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4554:Ecclesiastical 4550: 4549: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4440: 4427: 4415:see references 4403: 4391:see references 4382: 4370:see references 4358: 4346:see references 4337: 4325:see references 4316: 4312:personal union 4232: 4220:see references 4209: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4170: 4139: 4108: 4102: 4086: 4044: 4037: 4006: 3998:Grote, Hermann 3992: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3971: 3954: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3904: 3891: 3878: 3867:Bishop of Riga 3860: 3857:Adam of Bremen 3848: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3829:: Benedictine 3824: 3814: 3807: 3791: 3786:: Benedictine 3781: 3776:: Benedictine 3764: 3757:: Benedictine 3752: 3742: 3732: 3713: 3698: 3693:: Benedictine 3688: 3671:: Benedictine 3666: 3650: 3631: 3621: 3596: 3593: 3585: 3582: 3534: 3531: 3506: 3503: 3429:Torstenson War 3372:John Frederick 3367:John Frederick 3344:John Frederick 3328:John Frederick 3320:John Frederick 3316:John Frederick 3300:John Frederick 3168:John Frederick 3122:John Frederick 2972:John Frederick 2908:John Frederick 2906:Administrator 2827:John Frederick 2789:John Frederick 2758:John Frederick 2740:alliance with 2730:John Frederick 2644:Halberstadtian 2589:John Frederick 2441: 2438: 2386:. In 1667 the 2354:. In 1622 the 2341:Roman Catholic 2259:Saxe-Lauenburg 2251:Land of Hadeln 2236:Saxe-Lauenburg 2208:House of Guelf 2152: 2149: 2062: 2059: 2031:Reichsfreiheit 1867:service gentry 1834: 1831: 1791:. The city of 1726:Landsgemeinden 1562:, the deposed 1453:Saxe-Lauenburg 1377:Henry the Lion 1330:Henry the Lion 1306:and sister of 1292:Henry the Lion 1264: 1261: 1259: 1252: 1202:Vestervig (DK) 1087:Hamburg-Bremen 956: 953: 894:Hamburg-Bremen 872:At Archbishop 749: 746: 740: 737: 723:, between the 721:city of Bremen 659: 658: 653: 649: 648: 645: 644: 641: 640: 633: 627: 626: 619: 613: 612: 605: 596: 593: 592: 587: 575: 574: 569: 559: 558: 549: 545: 544: 541: 540: 536: 522: 519: 518: 517:13 August 1645 515: 512: 509: 508: 503: 477: 474: 473: 469: 455: 452: 451: 448: 435: 432: 431: 428: 417: 414: 413: 410: 409: 404: 403:Historical era 400: 399: 371: 367: 366: 363: 352:High Bailiff ( 349: 348: 345: 344: 336: 333: 330: 329: 327:John Frederick 321: 318: 315: 314: 306: 303: 300: 299: 291: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 223: 219: 218: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 173: 165: 164: 150: 142: 141: 137: 130: 129: 126: 125: 121: 120: 105: 102: 95: 94: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4951: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4889:Bremen-Verden 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4872: 4864: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4836:(Lower) Saxon 4833: 4829: 4825: 4824:Upper Rhenish 4821: 4817: 4765: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4449:Stader Archiv 4444: 4441: 4437: 4436:Stader Archiv 4431: 4428: 4424: 4423:3-9801919-8-2 4420: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4399:3-9801919-8-2 4396: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4378:3-9801919-8-2 4375: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4354:3-9801919-8-2 4351: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4334: 4333:3-9801919-8-2 4330: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4239:When in 1180 4236: 4233: 4229: 4228:3-9801919-8-2 4225: 4221: 4214: 4211: 4204: 4199: 4198:3-9801919-9-0 4195: 4191: 4190:3-9801919-8-2 4187: 4183: 4182:3-9801919-7-4 4179: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4167:3-9801919-9-0 4164: 4160: 4159:3-9801919-8-2 4156: 4152: 4151:3-9801919-7-4 4148: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4136:3-9801919-9-0 4133: 4129: 4128:3-9801919-8-2 4125: 4121: 4120:3-9801919-7-4 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4103:3-931879-23-2 4099: 4095: 4091: 4090:Schleif, Hans 4087: 4083: 4070: 4062: 4061: 4054: 4053:public domain 4045: 4042: 4039:Kai Mathieu, 4038: 4035: 4034:3-9801919-9-0 4031: 4027: 4026:3-9801919-8-2 4023: 4019: 4018:3-9801919-7-4 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3929:Emma of Lesum 3927: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3898:Kapellmeister 3895: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3871:Terra Mariana 3868: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3846: 3839: 3834: 3833: 3832:Zeven Nunnery 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3718:: Cistercian 3717: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3701:Himmelpforten 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3283:, where King 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3230:Protestantism 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3114:(1626–1662). 3113: 3109: 3106:(1628–1648), 3105: 3101: 3100:administrator 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054:Himmelpforten 3051: 3046: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2974:consented to 2973: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2883:, which made 2882: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2835:Wallenstein's 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2775:troops under 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403:Beverstedterm 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362:in Rome. The 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2294:Pope Sixtus V 2291: 2290:Maximilian II 2286: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2273:to this end. 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173:Administrator 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113:Himmelpforten 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911:modus vivendi 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1883:modus vivendi 1880: 1876: 1875:free peasants 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763:(southerly), 1762: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1648:) around the 1647: 1646: 1641:, literally: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1606:Acus episcopi 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541:Bremen-Verden 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:younger Duchy 1434: 1433: 1427: 1424:, which this 1423: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1408: 1405:, (2) around 1404: 1400: 1396: 1395:(1180 - 1296) 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190:Trondheim (N) 1187: 1186:Strängnäs (S) 1183: 1179: 1178:Skálholt (IS) 1175: 1171: 1170:Schleswig (D) 1167: 1166:Roskilde (DK) 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1146:Linköping (S) 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1050:(southerly), 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1032:Wilhelmshaven 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1014:(northerly), 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 994:(northerly), 993: 989: 986:(northerly), 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 756:on the lower 755: 747: 745: 738: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717: 712: 711: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 657: 654: 652:Today part of 650: 634: 632: 629: 628: 620: 618: 615: 614: 606: 604: 603:Bremen-Verden 601: 600: 597: 591: 588: 581: 580: 577: 576: 573: 570: 568: 565: 564: 560: 557: 553: 550: 546: 542: 537: 534: 526: 516: 504: 501: 493: 489: 481: 470: 467: 459: 449: 446: 439: 429: 426: 408: 405: 401: 398: 394: 393: 388: 386: 380: 378: 372: 368: 364: 361: 359: 358: 346: 343: 339:Administrator 337: 328: 322: 313: 307: 298: 292: 278: 274: 269: 264: 263:administrator 259: 251: 248: 244: 241: 238: 234: 231: 227: 224: 220: 214: 207: 200: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 176: 171: 166: 162: 156: 148: 143: 134: 127: 122: 116: 109: 100: 91: 88: 80: 70: 66: 60: 59: 53: 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 4871: 4835: 4813: 4812:until 1734. 4561: 4494:Stade Region 4472: 4468: 4456: 4448: 4443: 4435: 4430: 4385: 4340: 4319: 4307: 4277: 4269: 4264: 4248: 4244: 4235: 4213: 4173: 4142: 4111: 4093: 4078:|title= 4058: 4040: 4009: 4001: 3986: 3873:, seated in 3850: 3831: 3820: 3810: 3795: 3787: 3777: 3759: 3748: 3747:: Dominican 3738: 3720: 3708: 3694: 3691:Hemmingstedt 3673: 3654: 3638: 3614: 3587: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3554: 3538: 3536: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3515:Stade Region 3508: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3475: 3452:sede vacante 3450:With Bremen 3449: 3441:Frederick II 3440: 3425:Frederick II 3424: 3422: 3418:Ferdinand II 3417: 3407: 3399:Frederick II 3394: 3390: 3387:Ferdinand II 3378: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3297: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3254: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3172: 3167: 3166:, dismissed 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152:Ferdinand II 3151: 3147: 3146: 3125: 3121: 3118:Ferdinand II 3117: 3116: 3087: 3084:Ferdinand II 3083: 3079: 3072:Ferdinand II 3071: 3070: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3029: 3028:, literally 3023: 3019: 2989: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2915: 2907: 2905: 2887:to sign the 2885:Christian IV 2884: 2876: 2875: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2853:beleaguered 2850: 2842: 2834: 2831:Christian IV 2830: 2826: 2823:Christian IV 2822: 2820: 2816:Christian IV 2815: 2811:Christian IV 2810: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2797: 2788: 2784: 2781:Christian IV 2780: 2776: 2765:Christian IV 2764: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2722:Christian IV 2721: 2712:In May 1625 2711: 2706: 2657:In 1623 the 2656: 2617: 2612: 2588: 2584: 2582: 2569: 2552: 2548: 2537: 2527:under Count 2516: 2512: 2482: 2465: 2454:Christian IV 2443: 2434:liege indult 2433: 2429: 2427: 2400: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339:founded the 2328: 2326: 2310: 2287: 2283:liege indult 2282: 2275: 2266: 2240: 2205: 2193:liege indult 2192: 2185: 2181:liege indult 2180: 2161:liege indult 2160: 2154: 2106: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2068: 2064: 2040: 2034: 2030: 2016: 2012: 1993:Reichsstände 1992: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1958:sede vacante 1953: 1949: 1943: 1942:Christopher 1937: 1933: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1874: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1855:Stiftsstände 1836: 1827:Lower Saxony 1826: 1821: 1815: 1810: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1730: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1673:Simon Petrus 1670: 1653: 1642: 1622: 1617: 1614:Vörde Castle 1605: 1601: 1599: 1576: 1557: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1501:). Thus the 1490: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1436: 1429: 1425: 1414: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1376: 1360: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1337: 1336:, allies of 1329: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1291: 1287: 1274: 1266: 1255: 1215: 1214: 1206:Västerås (S) 1129: 1121: 1119: 1110: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1084: 1077:The Bremian 1054:(easterly), 1038:counties of 1006:(easterly), 1002:(westerly), 982:counties of 959: 958: 945:Frederick II 910: 897: 893: 889: 888:to form the 885: 881: 871: 866: 861:and then by 850: 836: 831: 810:s disciple, 807: 795: 794: 773: 751: 742: 720: 714: 708: 664: 662: 631:Dithmarschen 572:Succeeded by 571: 566: 552:Reichsthaler 437: 390: 382: 377:Stiftsstände 374: 353: 342:Frederick II 250:Principality 174: 138:Coat of arms 83: 74: 55: 4849:Upper Saxon 4804:until 1695. 4800:until 1640. 4796:until 1773. 4788:until 1596. 4784:until 1705. 4780:until 1731. 4772:until 1701. 4768:until 1648. 4683:Mecklenburg 4644:Grubenhagen 4629:Blankenburg 4567:Halberstadt 4263:Henry III, 3977: [ 3947: [ 3910: [ 3836: [ 3800: [ 3778:New Nunnery 3770: [ 3725: [ 3678: [ 3659: [ 3643: [ 3612:Benedictine 3604: [ 3527:Land Hadeln 3395:Frederick's 3104:Halberstadt 3050:visitations 2992:Lutheranism 2946: [ 2877:Wallenstein 2809:Meanwhile, 2750:Christian's 2632:debasements 2553:the Younger 2551:Christian, 2513:Christian's 2485:Protestants 2478:Halberstadt 2464:within the 2306:Reformation 2230:), and the 2169:Lehnsindult 2142:as well as 2136: [ 2127:as well as 2082:Reformation 2045:bishops of 1989:Reichsstand 1903:Archbishops 1781:Bremerhaven 1743:Lower Saxon 1704:archbishops 1685:gules (red) 1638:Domfreiheit 1369:Brandenburg 1363:, Margrave 1273:Henry III, 1198:Viborg (DK) 1194:Uppsala (S) 1154:Orkney (UK) 1150:Odense (DK) 1115:Gregory VII 1085:The see of 1028:Delmenhorst 1020:Wesermarsch 980:Lower Saxon 972:Bremerhaven 853:successor, 766:Charlemagne 567:Preceded by 539:15 May 1648 525:Secularised 507:10 May 1632 472:Summer 1627 445:independent 407:Middle Ages 385:Tohopesaten 370:Legislature 69:introducing 4878:Categories 4845:Burgundian 4832:Franconian 4808:from 1701. 4792:from 1708. 4776:from 1648. 4758:Nordhausen 4753:Mühlhausen 4710:Regenstein 4666:Glückstadt 4572:Hildesheim 4306:) and the 3991:References 3961:Cup-bearer 3924:Neukloster 3902:Copenhagen 3889:chronicler 3767:Neukloster 3755:Neuenwalde 3716:Lilienthal 3705:Cistercian 3635:Franciscan 3601:Altkloster 3551:Hildesheim 3476:Wartenberg 3273:rixdollars 3142:rixdollars 3134:Wartenberg 3112:Strasbourg 3098:, already 3058:Neuenwalde 3025:Damenstift 3004:Neuenwalde 3000:Lilienthal 2954:Neukloster 2871:rixdollars 2642:, Danish, 2511:. In 1623 2487:after the 2419:rixdollars 2144:Neukloster 2133:Altkloster 2121:Neuenwalde 2117:Lilienthal 2074:Windesheim 1991:, plural: 1825:, both in 1787:county of 1745:counties ( 1708:capitulars 1683:keys on a 1643:Cathedral 1591:scholaster 1421:Westphalia 1403:Otterndorf 1310:left from 1286:. In 1180 1242:(first at 1134:Århus (DK) 1124:suffragan 1068:Neumünster 966:cities of 937:Rudolph II 902:metropolia 847:suffragans 788:, and the 312:Hartwig II 246:Government 77:April 2012 52:references 4676:Pinneberg 4634:Calenberg 4587:Ratzeburg 4582:Magdeburg 4255:enfeoffed 3939:København 3784:Osterholz 3674:Archabbey 3669:Harsefeld 3625:Dominican 3559:Calvinist 3543:Osnabrück 3447:in 1648. 3250:North Sea 3080:Frederick 3008:Osterholz 2754:Frederick 2636:billeting 2609:Calvinist 2558:Brunswick 2535:in 1626. 2497:Frederick 2318:Paderborn 2314:Osnabrück 2263:Francis I 2255:Henry III 2189:Bederkesa 2125:Osterholz 2109:Harsefeld 2078:Bursfelde 2051:Ratzeburg 2043:suffragan 2007:) of the 2005:Reichstag 1765:Osterholz 1751:Landkreis 1620:in 1219. 1479:Siegfried 1371:, son of 1357:Ascanians 1342:Siegfried 1334:Ascanians 1290:stripped 1228:Ratzeburg 1210:Växjö (S) 1182:Skara (S) 1174:Selje (N) 1162:Ribe (DK) 1056:Steinburg 1044:Pinneberg 1008:Osterholz 929:Ramelsloh 925:Harsefeld 900:claim as 898:Cologne's 884:with the 867:Cologne's 865:, and by 824:Leuderich 816:suffragan 812:Willerich 808:Willehad' 554:, Bremen 480:Conquered 458:Conquered 357:Landdrost 297:Siegfried 236:Religion 124:1180–1648 4841:Austrian 4816:Bavarian 4698:Strelitz 4693:Schwerin 4661:Holstein 4592:Schwerin 4483:See also 4265:the Lion 4092:(1972). 4000:(1877). 3965:Burgmann 3633:Bremen: 3623:Bremen: 3539:Bremen's 3537:In 1824 3525:and the 3365:forces. 3332:Verden's 3062:Jesuites 2933:and the 2821:By 1627 2798:In 1626 2773:Leaguist 2738:Verden's 2671:Habsburg 2652:Palatine 2648:Leaguist 2605:Habsburg 2549:In 1620 2462:Holstein 2423:Ditmarsh 2388:Holy See 2382:and the 2364:Holy See 2337:Holy See 2302:Holy See 2092:and the 2066:failed. 2055:Schwerin 1893:and the 1879:burghers 1811:Verden's 1789:Ditmarsh 1761:Cuxhaven 1625:immunity 1604:(Latin: 1589:and the 1526:burghers 1512:In 1186 1475:Bernhard 1275:the Lion 1232:Schwerin 1216:Bremen's 1158:Oslo (N) 1130:Bremen's 1122:Bremen's 1060:Stormarn 1052:Segeberg 1040:Ditmarsh 1024:Wittmund 1000:Nienburg 992:Diepholz 988:Cuxhaven 933:Adalbero 917:colleges 851:Ansgar's 796:Willehad 754:Willehad 710:de facto 687:and the 548:Currency 438:de facto 392:Landtage 4820:Swabian 4743:Hamburg 4705:Rantzau 4688:Güstrow 4671:Gottorp 4649:Hanover 4611:Secular 4303:Kurköln 4055:: 3987:Source 3816:Stade: 3745:Meldorf 3547:Münster 3308:Leipzig 3269:Stade's 3257:Tilly's 3218:estates 3211:provost 3179:Estates 3175:estates 3162:in the 3096:Austria 2985:Estates 2981:estates 2744:, with 2742:Denmark 2703:Denmark 2701:'s and 2691:Hamburg 2501:Denmark 2352:of Lund 2298:Cologne 2276:In his 2222:), the 2214:), the 2157:regalia 2094:Estates 2090:Chapter 2070:Schisms 1970:Estates 1966:chapter 1954:Chapter 1950:Chapter 1938:Estates 1934:Chapter 1927:Estates 1919:Estates 1915:Chapter 1895:Chapter 1887:Estates 1777:Bremian 1712:Chapter 1710:or the 1645:Liberty 1583:provost 1553:Estates 1401:around 1389:younger 1284:Bavaria 1244:Uexküll 1111:Humbert 1103:Hamburg 964:Bremian 874:Adalgar 859:Normans 855:Rimbert 818:of the 790:Frisian 739:History 716:de jure 656:Germany 527:as the 523:• 478:• 456:• 397:Basdahl 273:vacancy 268:chapter 256:Ruler: 230:Frisian 213:Basdahl 195:Capital 190:Defunct 65:improve 4748:Lübeck 4738:Goslar 4733:Bremen 4725:Cities 4619:Bremen 4577:Lübeck 4562:Bremen 4421: 4397: 4376: 4352: 4331: 4294:German 4282:German 4226: 4196: 4188: 4180: 4165: 4157: 4149: 4134: 4126: 4118: 4100: 4032: 4024: 4016: 3735:Lunden 3686:exempt 3568:. The 3483:Sweden 3377:After 3289:Sweden 3222:Bremen 3195:Verden 3191:Bremen 3183:Bremen 3108:Passau 3043:Stifte 3018:: das 3016:German 3006:, and 2956:, and 2867:Bremen 2847:Bremen 2746:Verden 2699:Sweden 2695:Lübeck 2687:Bremen 2650:, and 2613:Bremen 2593:Bremen 2474:Minden 2470:Verden 2288:While 2165:German 2102:Verden 2023:German 2001:German 1985:German 1871:clergy 1865:, the 1851:German 1793:Bremen 1747:German 1721:German 1633:German 1610:Bücken 1495:German 1487:Bremen 1457:German 1451:) and 1445:German 1417:Angria 1399:Hadeln 1365:Otto I 1350:Bremen 1346:Anhalt 1280:Saxony 1107:Liemar 1034:, the 996:Frisia 984:Aurich 974:, the 968:Bremen 949:Saxony 921:Bücken 828:Ansgar 804:Saxons 800:Bremen 705:Bremen 697:German 669:German 500:Lübeck 492:Bremen 488:Sweden 365: 324:Admin. 279: 199:Bremen 187:Status 115:German 111: 54:, but 4639:Celle 4205:Notes 3981:] 3969:Vörde 3951:] 3914:] 3885:abbot 3840:] 3827:Zeven 3804:] 3774:] 3729:] 3682:] 3663:] 3647:] 3608:] 3588:See: 3359:Stade 3355:Stade 3277:Tilly 3265:Tilly 3261:Tilly 3120:left 3034:Zeven 3020:Stift 2958:Zeven 2950:] 2916:Stade 2863:Tilly 2859:Tilly 2855:Stade 2851:Tilly 2843:Tilly 2800:Tilly 2785:Stade 2777:Tilly 2726:Tilly 2544:Stade 2533:Tilly 2407:Adolf 2177:Diets 2140:] 2129:Zeven 2029:, or 1798:Vörde 1773:Stade 1759:) of 1756:Kreis 1753:, or 1729:) or 1693:Stade 1549:Diets 1312:Stade 1246:then 1220:Wends 1016:Stade 941:Stade 913:Unwan 863:Wends 786:Hunte 778:Aller 774:Weser 770:Saxon 764:, on 762:Worms 758:Weser 725:Weser 395:) in 265:, or 206:Vörde 179:Vörde 4419:ISBN 4395:ISBN 4374:ISBN 4350:ISBN 4329:ISBN 4224:ISBN 4194:ISBN 4186:ISBN 4178:ISBN 4163:ISBN 4155:ISBN 4147:ISBN 4132:ISBN 4124:ISBN 4116:ISBN 4098:ISBN 4082:help 4030:ISBN 4022:ISBN 4014:ISBN 3875:Riga 3869:and 3549:and 3216:The 3056:and 3038:nuns 2763:Now 2752:son 2693:and 2560:and 2476:and 2350:and 2076:and 2053:and 2015:was 1997:Diet 1964:the 1936:and 1877:and 1841:and 1771:and 1737:The 1627:and 1473:and 1471:Otto 1430:old 1419:and 1302:and 1282:and 1254:The 1248:Riga 1230:and 1208:and 1109:and 1066:and 1064:Kiel 1030:and 970:and 927:and 782:Elbe 729:Elbe 727:and 707:was 663:The 556:mark 498:and 430:1180 420:stem 271:(in 153:the 4253:he 4245:old 3967:of 3772:nds 3606:nds 3501:). 3287:of 3132:of 3094:of 2987:). 2948:nds 2531:of 2519:as 2456:of 2409:of 2257:of 2138:nds 1809:). 1706:or 1532:of 1367:of 1344:of 947:of 939:of 919:of 839:see 389:or 4880:: 4858:· 4851:, 4847:, 4843:, 4834:, 4830:, 4826:, 4822:, 4818:, 4406:^ 4361:^ 4296:: 4284:: 4073:: 4071:}} 4067:{{ 3979:de 3949:de 3912:de 3838:de 3802:de 3737:: 3727:de 3703:: 3680:de 3661:de 3645:de 3610:: 3545:, 3529:. 3405:. 3213:. 3205:. 3136:, 3045:. 3002:, 2998:, 2964:. 2952:, 2941:, 2903:. 2841:. 2779:. 2709:. 2689:, 2646:, 2480:. 2472:, 2398:. 2370:, 2324:. 2195:. 2167:: 2123:, 2119:, 2115:, 2111:, 2104:. 2057:. 2049:, 2025:: 2003:: 1987:: 1873:, 1853:: 1829:. 1767:, 1749:: 1723:: 1695:. 1635:: 1536:. 1497:: 1467:. 1459:: 1447:: 1352:. 1322:. 1226:, 1212:. 1204:, 1200:, 1196:, 1192:, 1188:, 1184:, 1180:, 1176:, 1172:, 1168:, 1164:, 1160:, 1156:, 1152:, 1148:, 1144:, 1140:, 1136:, 1117:. 1070:. 1058:, 1046:, 1042:, 1022:, 1010:, 998:, 990:, 923:, 834:. 699:: 671:: 490:, 482:by 460:by 260:, 228:, 4527:e 4520:t 4513:v 4425:. 4401:. 4380:. 4356:. 4335:. 4292:( 4280:( 4106:. 4084:) 4080:( 3014:( 2234:( 2226:( 2218:( 2210:( 2163:( 2021:( 1999:( 1983:( 1849:( 1800:( 1719:( 1631:( 1493:( 1455:( 1443:( 695:( 667:( 362:) 275:) 117:) 113:( 90:) 84:( 79:) 75:( 61:. 34:. 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen

Index