4537:
2199:
170:
147:
4602:
43:
1074:
133:
1660:
1555:(see below) and paid its share in the taxes, at least when it had consented to the levying before. Since the city was the major taxpayer, its consent was mostly searched for. Like this the city wielded fiscal and political power within the Prince-Archbishopric, while the city would rather not allow the Prince-Archbishop or his representatives to rule in the city against its consent.
2806:, which caused a flight of Lutheran clergy from that territory. He demanded the Bremian Chapter to allow him to enter the Prince-Archbishopric. The Chapter, now holding the baby, declared again its loyalty to the Emperor and delayed an answer to the request, arguing that it had to consult with the Estates in a Diet first, which would be a lengthy procedure.
4048:
3369:
was back in his office, only to realise the supremacy of Sweden, insisting on its supreme command until the war's end. The Prince-Archbishopric continuously suffered from billeting and alimenting soldiers. The relation between the
Estates, who had to maintain administration under Catholic occupation,
2978:
of the remaining monasteries, those clinging to Roman
Catholic rite and those converted to voluntary Lutheran convents alike. Nunneries had traditionally been institutions to provide unmarried daughters of the better off, who couldn't be provided a husband befitting their social status or who didn't
4475:, Brage Bei der Wieden and Jan Lokers (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, 2002, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden; vol. 16)
2065:
The Prince-Archbishopric often suffered from military supremacy of neighbouring powers. Having no dynasty, but prince-archbishops of different descent, the Prince-Archbishopric became a pawn in the hands of the powerful. The establishment of a constitution, which would bind the conflicting
Estates,
2146:
under the jurisdiction of Verden's See â and the districts served by them. While between 1523 and 1551 the cities of Bremen and Stade had dissolved all the urban monasteries, except of St Mary's in Stade, which transformed until 1568 into a
Lutheran convent, and conveyed their buildings to uses by
1714:
as a collective obtained some secular power in them by way of purchase, application of force, usurpation, commendation, pledge, donation etc. The prior archiepiscopal authorities didn't have succeeded in almost any of the sub-entities to gain all the power, be it judicial, patrimonial, parochial,
743:
In the different historical struggles for expansion of territory or privileges and the concerned and disfavoured entity's defence against such annexation or usurpation, plenty of documents have been completely forged or counterfeited or backdated, in order to corroborate one's arguments. "These
2979:
want to marry, with a decent livelihood. So when an unmarried woman of that status joined a nunnery she would bestow earning assets (real estate) or â restricted to her lifetime â regular revenues paid by her male relatives, on the monastery, making up in the former case part of the nunnery's
2280:
Henry III covenanted to accept the privileges of the
Estates and the existing laws. Due to his minority he agreed, that Chapter and Estates would rule the Prince-Archbishopric. In this time he should work towards a papal confirmation. De facto he ascended the See in 1568, gained an imperial
3185:, they couldn't freely travel to render an account let alone do the necessary research on the estates. The anti-Catholic attitudes of the burghers and the council of Bremen would make it completely impossible to prepare the restitution of estates from the Lutheran Chapter to the
2191:, also most capitulars, recruited from burghers of the city of Bremen and rural noble families, turned out to be Calvinists and Lutherans. Thus the capitulars preferred to elect Protestant candidates. The Bremian prince-archbishop elects could only occasionally gain the imperial
4145:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und FrĂŒhgeschichte' (1995;
4114:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und FrĂŒhgeschichte' (1995;
4012:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und FrĂŒhgeschichte' (1995;
2311:
So Sixtus V tested Henry III once in a while, demanding the succession of
Catholic candidates for vacancies in the Bremian Chapter - which it sometimes accepted, sometimes denied -, while Henry succeeded to be also elected by the Chapters of the prince-bishoprics of
1733:
and the like. Therefore, the archiepiscopal authority used to refer to each sub-entity by different terms like county, parish, shire, bailiwick or patrimonial district, each according to the particular power, which the archiepiscopal authority had achieved in them.
1574:, in enmity with his father's cousin Archbishop Valdemar, gained the Hamburg chapter to elect Burchard as anti-archbishop in early 1208. Lacking papal support, King Valdemar II himself invested him as Archbishop Burchard I, however, only accepted in North Elbia.
1608:, first mentioned in 1274), for all clergy including the Prince-Archbishop. The narrowness of the gate made it technically impossible to come accompanied by knights. Therefore, the Prince-Archbishops rather preferred to reside outside of the city, first in
4217:
The original quotation: «Diese FÀlschungen haben einen
Schleier vor die FrĂŒhgeschichte Hamburg-Bremens gezogen.» Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Elbe und Weser vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts", in:
2171:), often restricted to some years only, and then notwithstanding enfeoff the prince-bishop elect with the regalia of restricted legitimacy to the effect that the elect could rule with princely power within the prince-bishopric, bearing only title of
3589:
3040:
of
Lutheran denomination, usually called conventuals. Other expressions like abbess, for the chairwoman, and prioress for conventuals of certain hierarchic function, were â and are partly â continued to be used in such Lutheran
2813:
ordered Dutch, English and French troops for his support to land in the Prince-Archbishopric, while extorting from the latter high war contributions to finance his war. The
Chapter's pleas for a reduction of the contributions
169:
146:
1795:
was legally a part of the bishopric until 1646, but de facto ruled by its burghers and didn't tolerate the prince-archbishop's residence within its walls any more since 1313. Therefore, the prince-archbishop moved to
3851:
A list of interesting people whose birth, death, residence or activity took place in the
Archdiocese or Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. Not included are persons mentioned above in the list of incumbents of the see.
2720:'s member territories commander-in-chief of the Lower Saxon troops. More troops were recruited and to be billeted and alimented in the Lower Saxon territories, including the Prince-Archbishopric. In the same year
2432:, that he would accept the privileges of the Chapter as well as the existing laws and that he would work - at his own expense - towards gaining either papal confirmation or - in default thereof - an imperial
2186:
Once the inhabitants of the Prince-Archbishopric had adopted Lutheranism and partially Calvinism, as did the city of Bremen and the territories under its influence downstream the Weser and in the district of
4862:
4096:(zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1968, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden; vol. 1) ed.). Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden.
2037:
himself. Furthermore, such rulers or ruling bodies (such as Chapters or city councils) possessed several important rights and privileges, including a degree of autonomy in the rule of their territories.
2238:) applied for the See. Before electing a new prince-archbishop the Chapter took its time, ruling the Prince-Archbishopric in accordance with the Estates (1566â1568), and considered the opportunities.
4893:
2508:
3420:, with the Archdiocese of Bremen, but due to its persisting occupation by the Swedes he never gained de facto pastoral influence let alone the power as administrator of the prince-archbishopric.
4503:
4176:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und FrĂŒhgeschichte' (1995;
4059:
1715:
fiscal, feudal or else what. Almost everywhere the rule was to be shared with one or more competing bearers of authority, e.g. aristocrats, outside ecclesiastical dignitaries, autonomous
4928:
4918:
1081:(dark grey) with its remaining three suffragans around 1500, thus after disentangling Bremen's Scandinavian suffragan dioceses, as well as neighbouring provinces in Central Europe.
2041:
In their pastoral and religious capacity as Roman Catholic cleric the archbishops led their archdiocese as the hierarchical superior of all Roman Catholic clergy, including the
1581:
archbishop. In 1223 Archbishop Gebhard reconciled the Hamburg chapter and confirmed that three of its capitulars were enfranchised to elect with the Bremen chapter, to wit the
3478:
never gained pastoral influence, let alone power as prince-bishop due to the persisting Swedish occupation of the Prince-Archbishopric until the end of the Thirty Years' War.
1952:
used its power to elect very old candidates, to minimise the time a ruler can be harmful, or to elect minors, which it hoped to dress and tame in time. Once in a while the
3357:, where they joined the Catholic imperial and Leaguist forces still holding out. On 10 May 1632 they were granted safe-conduct and left a desperately impoverished city of
2492:
3201:
the Chapter is regarded to be illegitimate. Lutheran capitulars were interrogated, but the Chapter was left in office, with its decisions subjected to the consent of the
326:
3052:
by the end of the year 1629 the Roman Catholic visitators issued an ultimatum to the Lutheran conventuals had been thrown out from the monasteries, with the estates of
2918:â under Leaguist occupation â was restituted to Catholic rite and manned with foreign monks, if the Chapter would also agree. Again passing the buck on to the Chapter.
4908:
3397:
succession. So Chapter and Estates ruled the Prince-Archbishopric until the conclusion of the negotiations with Sweden. In 1635 he succeeded as Lutheran Administrator
1600:
The fortified city of Bremen held its own guards, not allowing prince-archiepiscopal soldiers to enter it. The city reserved an extra very narrow gate, the so-called
3259:
headquarters, all churches, except of St. Nicholas, were handed over to foreign Catholic clerics. But the burghers didn't attend Catholic services. So in March 1630
1328:
partitioned Saxony in some dozens of territories of Imperial Immediate status allotting each territory to that one of his allies who had conquered them before from
4601:
3068:
in the Prince-Archbishopric. The expelled conventuals were denied to get the real estate restituted, which they bestowed on the monastery, when they entered it.
1528:
and the emperor, with the Prince-Archbishop waiving his say. The city of Bremen regarded and still regards this privilege to be constitutive for its status as a
2994:, the nunneries' function to provide sustenance for unmarried women wasn't to be given up. So it happened that the Prince-Archbishopric's former Roman Catholic
3330:, started to reconquer the Prince-Archbishopric and â supported by Swedish troops â to capture the neighboured Prince-Bishopric of Verden, de facto dismissing
4525:
4938:
2183:
could bring a prince-bishop elect into the precarious situation to be dismissed by the Emperor or by any of his vassals powerful enough and keen to do so.
4041:
Der Hamburger Dom, Untersuchungen zur Baugeschichte im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert (1245 - 1329) und eine Dokumentation zum Abbruch in den Jahren 1804 - 1807
819:
2891:, on 22 May 1629, in order to regain possession of all his feoffs on the peninsula, he in return agreed to formally end Denmark's participation in the
3751:, existed from 1380 to 1540, subject to Bremen Archdiocese, Hamburg subchapter; after 1526 not part of the secular prince-archiepiscopal rule any more
3741:, existed from 1517 to 1536, subject to Bremen Archdiocese, Hamburg subchapter; after 1526 not part of the secular prince-archiepiscopal rule any more
3697:, existed from 1502 to 1537, subject to Bremen Archdiocese, Hamburg subchapter; after 1526 not part of the secular prince-archiepiscopal rule any more
4463:
has been re-established as Lutheran convent after the end of the Catholic occupation and is functioning up to the present day as such an institution.
4591:
3111:
703:). The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of
3565:
2395:
1238:
in 1180 all of these suffragan bishops achieved for parts of their diocesan territories the status of imperially immediate prince-bishoprics. The
4344:
Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Die Grafen von Stade und die Erzbischöfe von Bremen-Hamburg vom Ausgang des 10. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts", in:
4323:
Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Die Grafen von Stade und die Erzbischöfe von Bremen-Hamburg vom Ausgang des 10. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts", in:
4110:
Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Die Grafen von Stade und die Erzbischöfe von Bremen-Hamburg vom Ausgang des 10. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts", in:
3349:
The reconquest of the Prince-Archbishopric â helped by forces from Sweden and from the city of Bremen â was interrupted by Leaguist forces under
3318:
speculated to regain the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and therefore in June/July 1631 officially allied himself with Sweden. For the war being
2308:
would be a merely temporary phenomenon, while its protagonists still expected all the Roman church to reform, so that there would be no schism.
4923:
2285:
in 1570, while de jure still represented by the Chapter until 1580, in order not to complicate a papal confirmation, which never materialised.
296:
2296:
remained a skeptic. Henry III was raised Lutheran, but educated Catholic and served before his election as Catholic canon of the cathedral in
3350:
1295:
944:
676:
4827:
4141:
Heinz-Joachim Schulze, "Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Elbe und Weser vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts", in:
4933:
2414:
1137:
31:
3436:
2914:, was in a markedly weak position. So in 1628 he consented that the Lutheran convent in the former Roman Catholic St. Mary's monastery in
1652:, where the city council would refrain to interfere. The Hamburg Concathedral with chapterhouse and capitular residential courts formed a
64:
3627:
3413:
3091:
2335:
for the Prince-Archbishopric. Thus Henry III would not exercise the pastoral functions of a Roman Catholic bishop any more. In 1584 the
2107:
By the time he died (1558), in the Prince-Archbishopric nothing was left of the old denomination apart from a few monasteries â such as
1397:, a radically belittled territory consisting of three unconnected territories along the river Elbe, from north west to south east, (1)
4903:
3248:
in 1648). The city was neither to be conquered nor to be successfully beleaguered due to its new fortifications and its access to the
2550:
1149:
3370:
and the returned Administrator were difficult. The Estates preferred to directly negotiate with the occupants, this time the Swedes.
4898:
4422:
4398:
4377:
4353:
4332:
4227:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4101:
4033:
4025:
4017:
3494:
2289:
86:
2697:
and to establish a Baltic trade monopoly, to be run by some imperial favourites including Spaniards and Poles. The idea was to win
1623:
The Chapters of Bremen Cathedral (see below) and part of the administration were located within the city boundary in a district of
1547:, which made the city's status somewhat ambiguous. Through most of the history the city participated in the Prince-Archbishopric's
1205:
4518:
4288:). In 1238 the archbishop of Cologne also gained Imperial Immediacy for part of the diocesan territory, so that from then on the
4094:
Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen am Beginn der Neuzeit (1500-1645): Eine Studie zum Wesen der modernen Staatlichkeit
3542:
3467:
3386:
3137:
3107:
2922:
2733:
2627:
2577:
2528:
1161:
3181:), which it refused, arguing first that the order was not authenticated and later that due to disputes with the city council of
2591:
tried desperately to keep his Prince-Archbishopric out of the war, being in complete agreement with the Estates and the city of
2576:. The Administrator and the Estates of the Prince-Archbishopric met in a Diet and declared for their territory their loyalty to
2503:(September 1621). Coadjutorship usually included the succession of a See. A similar arrangement was reached in November for the
4447:
Sabine Graf, 'Die vier katholischen Klöster Harsefeld, Altkloster, Neukloster und Zeven im evangelischen Erzstift Bremen', in:
4434:
Sabine Graf, âDie vier katholischen Klöster Harsefeld, Altkloster, Neukloster und Zeven im evangelischen Erzstift Bremenâ, in:
4240:
3275:
in 1628 alone) and offered in 1630 to relieve every burgher, who would attend Catholic services, without success. In July 1630
2900:
2406:
1364:
1268:
936:
719:(since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the
822:, this is at least how they later corroborated their claim to supremacy over the Bremian see. When, after the death of Bishop
637:
623:
609:
584:
4883:
4571:
2359:
1428:
granted its rulers, even after its dynastic partition in 1296, this territory, consisting only of territorial fringes of the
132:
4623:
4200:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7â9), vol. II: pp. 263â278.
4036:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7â9), vol. II: pp. 105â157.
4138:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7â9), vol. II: pp. 43â104.
3439:
on 13 August 1645, a number of Danish territories, including the two prince-bishoprics, being ceded into Swedish hands. So
4697:
4692:
4586:
4576:
2654:
troops, whose marching through the Prince-Archbishopric had to tolerate in order to prevent entering into armed conflict.
2457:
2219:
2176:
1996:
616:
4169:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. HerzogtĂŒmer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7â9), vol. II: pp. 1â21.
3326:, who promised to restitute the Prince-Archbishopric to its former Administrator. In October an Army, newly recruited by
2410:
3427:
agreed with Sweden upon the prince-archbishopric's neutrality. But this didn't last long, because in the Danish-Swedish
1559:
4413:
Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144â1236)", in:
4389:
Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144â1236)", in:
4368:
Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144â1236)", in:
4008:
Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe der Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144â1236)", in:
1941:
4913:
4643:
4511:
3284:
3140:(1625â1634 and again 1648â1661), onto the See. After all, the See included at those years an annual revenue of 60,000
2367:
2262:
2198:
4638:
3533:
Reorganisation of Roman Catholic Church in the former Territory of the Archdiocese and Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
3224:
weren't restituted by order of the city council. The council argued, that the city had long been Protestant, but the
2561:
2546:, officially on behalf of his son the provided to be Administrator successor, suppressing an unrest of its burghers.
2155:
The constitution of the Holy Roman Empire provided, that the Emperor may only enfeoff a prince-bishop elect with the
57:
51:
2159:, if the Pope would have confirmed his election to the respective See. In default thereof the Emperor could grant a
1929:. All parties made use of means like bluffing, threat, obstructionism, corruption, horse-trading and even violence.
4704:
4581:
4417:
for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 105â157, here p. 141.
4393:
for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 105â157, here p. 140.
4372:
for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 105â157, here p. 123.
4068:
3653:
3644:
3637:
2504:
2500:
2469:
2436:. From 1585 to 1589 Chapter and Estates ruled the Prince-Archbishopsric in custodianship for the minor John Adolf.
2073:
1478:
1391:
1368:
1341:
1185:
731:
rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring
3794:
4653:
4633:
4348:
for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 43â104, here p. 95.
4327:
for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 43â104, here p. 53.
4262:
2313:
2211:
1380:
1272:
1201:
1197:
1173:
948:
68:
4852:
4670:
4566:
3715:
3444:
3443:
had to resign as Administrator in both prince-bishoprics. He succeeded his late father on the Danish throne as
3398:
3382:
3103:
3075:
2999:
2896:
2772:
2678:
2674:
2647:
2643:
2623:
2565:
2524:
2520:
2496:
2488:
2477:
2320:(1577â1585), without ever gaining papal confirmation. In 1575 Henry III and Anna von Broich (Borch) married in
2116:
1845:, had to find ways to interact with the other bearers of authority. These were gradually transforming into the
1805:
1577:
In 1219 the Bremen Chapter again ignored the Hamburg capitulars, fearing their Danish partisanship and elected
915:
appointed a new chapter with twelve canons, with three each taken from Bremen Cathedral chapter, and the three
465:
341:
4222:
for bibliographical details, vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)': pp. 1â21, here p. 6.
3956:
3893:
3173:
In September 1629 the Chapter was ordered to render an account of all the capitular and prince-archiepiscopal
2767:
ordered his troops to capture all the important traffic hubs in the Prince-Archbishopric and entered into the
2371:
1567:
1047:
3801:
3295:. He had been won by French diplomacy to join a new anti-imperial coalition, soon joined by the Netherlands.
154:
3766:
3611:
3550:
3546:
3463:
3432:
3099:
2713:
2666:
2539:
2453:
2332:
2258:
2254:
2097:
1372:
1145:
1078:
3919:
3660:
4888:
4747:
4687:
4665:
3934:
3133:
2911:
2861:
granted them safe-conduct to England and Denmark and the whole Prince-Archbishopric was in his hands. Now
2792:
2694:
2317:
2305:
2270:
2172:
2081:
2050:
2046:
1676:
1571:
1227:
1223:
1189:
499:
262:
3931:(also Imma von Stiepel; c. 975-980 â 1038), benefactor of the Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic saint
3672:
2942:
2899:, the administration of that prince-bishopric as well as the provided succession as Administrator of the
1209:
4757:
4648:
4628:
4289:
4258:
3906:
3866:
3719:
3707:
3459:
3335:
3186:
3129:
2995:
2938:
2340:
2277:
2054:
1239:
1231:
814:, was consecrated bishop of Bremen, with the same territory. The diocese was conceivably at that time a
3943:
3374:
wanted to secularise the monasteries in favour of his budget, but the opposing Estates prevented that.
3255:
Within the occupied Prince-Archbishopric the Leaguist occupants carried out the restitution. In Stade,
1558:
After the Bremen Cathedral chapter, overlooking the three enfranchised Hamburg capitulars, had elected
951:, who destroyed Bremen, and established in Hamburg also appointing new capitular canons there by 1140.
3978:
3973:
1073:
4823:
4742:
4709:
4682:
3783:
3292:
3245:
3178:
3095:
3049:
2984:
2975:
2926:
2892:
2651:
2532:
2445:
2227:
1846:
1820:
1768:
1552:
1416:
1303:
1169:
1043:
1011:
1003:
995:
905:
479:
457:
4438:; N.F. 91/92 (2001/2002), title of the volume: Stader Jahrbuch 2001/2002, pp. 51-78, here pp. 55seq.
3481:
With the impending enfeoffment of the Prince-Archbisporic of Bremen to the political Great Power of
2033:) of the rulers or ruling bodies, meaning that they had no other authority above them except of the
17:
4732:
4498:
4273:
3830:
3402:
2961:
2888:
2795:, fled to the latter and left the rule in the Prince-Archbishopric to the Chapter and the Estates.
2473:
2321:
1901:. However, the interplay was not determined by fixed standards of behaviour. While the consecutive
1760:
1664:
1628:
1586:
1563:
1420:
1299:
1165:
1090:
1023:
999:
991:
987:
916:
901:
524:
2677:
were bound and the Prince-Archbishopric seemed relieved. But soon after the imperial troops under
911:
After the Obodrite destruction of Hamburg in 983 the Hamburg chapter was dispersed. So Archbishop
4848:
4724:
4675:
4541:
4451:; N.F. 91/92 (2001/2002), title of the volume: Stader Jahrbuch 2001/2002, pp. 51-78, here pp. 66.
3817:
3758:
3685:
3280:
3210:
2717:
2662:
2619:
2557:
2449:
2215:
2120:
2017:
1784:
1702:
consisted of a number of sub-entities. The only thing they all had in common was, that the prior
1644:
1624:
1582:
1543:
often denied the city's status. And also the city could and did not always cling to its claim of
1533:
1529:
1521:
1193:
1035:
444:
311:
225:
3600:
2760:. He declared again his loyalty to the Emperor and neutrality in the conflict. But all in vain.
2132:
1435:, had little in common with the latter. In 1260, with effect from 1296 on, its rulers split the
3983:, (1488â1524), Roman Catholic Augustine monk, later Protestant Reformator in the city of Bremen
2634:
and dearness, had already caused an inflation also in the region. The population suffered from
2269:
as well as to the district of Bederkesa and abandoned the lawsuit, which he had brought to the
1517:
823:
4844:
4831:
4660:
4545:
4536:
4418:
4394:
4373:
4349:
4328:
4223:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4097:
4029:
4021:
4013:
3618:
3288:
2880:
2670:
2604:
2461:
2069:
2008:
1842:
1838:
1814:
1594:
1539:
Through the history the respective rulers of the Prince-Archbishopric and its successor state
1315:
1307:
1141:
1133:
983:
732:
684:
267:
3911:
3726:
2947:
802:, though the formal constitution of the diocese took place only after the subjugation of the
3541:
former diocesan territory was distributed among the still-existing neighbouring dioceses of
3338:(ruled 1630-1631), and causing the flight of the Catholic clergy wherever they arrived. The
3061:
3003:
2768:
2682:
2573:
2231:
1772:
1659:
1649:
1597:
confirmed this settlement in 1224, also affirming the continued existence of both chapters.
1578:
1345:
1333:
1283:
1181:
1153:
1114:
1015:
877:
3948:
3679:
3036:
was in the process of becoming one, with â among a majority of Catholic nuns â a number of
2327:
As to the interior Henry III still had to repay debts from his pre-predecessor Christopher
1813:
former prince-bishopric's territory is represented about by the eastern part of the modern
4840:
4815:
4488:
4293:
4281:
4247:
4081:
3880:
3624:
3471:
3455:
3409:
3206:
3015:
2818:
commented by arguing once the Leaguists would take over, his extortions will seem little.
2223:
2164:
2101:
2022:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1861:
again were by no means homogenous and therefore often quarreled for they consisted of the
1850:
1746:
1720:
1632:
1525:
1494:
1456:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1279:
1235:
1157:
1125:
940:
777:
696:
688:
668:
589:
419:
239:
229:
160:
114:
2783:
and his surviving troops fled to the Prince-Archbishopric and took their headquarters in
1613:
3236:. The city council answered under these circumstances it would rather separate from the
2622:
decided to recruit an army in order to maintain an armed neutrality, with troops of the
1956:
took up time and protracted elections for years, being itself the ruler for the time of
4819:
4714:
4493:
4311:
3968:
3862:
3856:
3561:
3514:
3428:
2658:
2596:
2495:, his cousin of second degree, to grant coadjutorship of the See of Bremen for his son
2250:
2246:
2241:
In 1524 the Prince-Archbishopric had subjected the autonomous farmers' republic of the
2235:
2207:
1797:
1452:
1406:
1398:
1271:
and his allies, many of them vassals and former supporters of his paternal cousin Duke
1059:
963:
761:
487:
205:
178:
3144:
at the free disposal of its holder, making up half the Prince-Archbishopric's budget.
2448:
the Prince-Archbishopric maintained neutrality, as did most of the territories in the
2084:, which made rapid headway, partly because the last Roman Catholic prince-archbishop,
2072:
in Church and State marked the next two centuries, and in spite of the labours of the
1463:), the latter holding the unconnected two northern territories, belonging both to the
4877:
4752:
4618:
4553:
4052:
3997:
3928:
3897:
3870:
3700:
3510:
3229:
2592:
2468:, turned his attention to gain grounds by acquiring the prince-bishoprics of Bremen,
2293:
2112:
1866:
1776:
1725:
1089:
attained its greatest prosperity and later had its deepest troubles under Archbishop
1067:
1031:
838:
799:
692:
602:
532:
257:
3937:(end of 15th century â 1556), Roman Catholic Dominican, controversial theologist in
3401:
in the Sees of Bremen and of Verden. But he had to render homage to the minor Queen
3074:
suspended the capitulars from penalty, if they would dismiss the Lutheran coadjutor
2245:, but the Wursteners still hoped for a liberation and support from the neighbouring
1857:), a prevailingly advisory body, but decision-taking in fiscal and tax matters. The
1570:, who had opposed this election, fled to Hamburg, then under Danish influence. King
1243:
4089:
3837:
3690:
3605:
3498:
3451:
3217:
3174:
3124:
in office, against Leaguist resistance, for he had always kept loyalty to him. The
2980:
2845:
then invaded the Prince-Archbishopric and captured its southern parts. The city of
2600:
2242:
2137:
1957:
979:
630:
555:
551:
272:
249:
3938:
3193:. In October 1629 the capitular secretary finally rendered the ordered account in
1218:
remaining suffragan sees at that time were only existing by name, since insurgent
830:, it lost its independence, and from that time on was permanently united with the
752:
The foundation of the diocese belongs to the period of the missionary activity of
3771:
4254:
3704:
3634:
3310:, all of them troubled by Habsburg's growing influence wielded by virtue of the
3024:
2991:
2857:
with its remaining garrison of 3,500 Danish and English soldiers. On 5 May 1628
2346:, an endeavour for pastoral care and mission in the area of the de facto ceased
1878:
1780:
1672:
1637:
1177:
1027:
1019:
971:
842:
765:
406:
2849:
shut its city gates and entrenched behind its improved fortifications. In 1628
3960:
3901:
3888:
3754:
3590:
List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen
2631:
2630:
and dangerously approaching their region. The concomitant effects of the war,
2484:
2402:
1590:
1410:
1402:
744:
forgeries have drawn a veil before the early history of the Hamburg-Bremen."
4460:
3393:
illegitimate. But the Swedish occupants had to be persuaded first, to accept
3923:
3668:
3558:
3489:, the city of Bremen searched for an imperial confirmation of its status of
3272:
3249:
3141:
3007:
2953:
2870:
2608:
2418:
2188:
2143:
2124:
2108:
2077:
2042:
1764:
1105:
stopped being used as part of the diocese's name. The next two archbishops,
1055:
1007:
928:
924:
846:
815:
811:
680:
356:
4172:
Michael SchĂŒtz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in:
2960:â became the local strongholds for a reCatholicisation within the scope of
1909:
from the political landscape, the latter fought for the enforcement of the
1667:
shows in the middle the coat of arms of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.
1609:
920:
3813:, existed from the 13th to the 16th century, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3564:
and its territory, which continued to be supervised by the Roman Catholic
2261:(*1550-1585*, ruled from 1568 on) prince-archbishop. In return his father
4610:
3964:
2838:
2422:
2363:
2336:
2301:
1788:
1688:
1051:
1039:
932:
857:, the "second apostle of the north," was troubled by onslaughts first by
753:
709:
3228:
argued that the city was de jure a part of the Prince-Archbishopric, so
3209:
appointed additional Roman Catholic capitulars in 1630, including a new
2663:
James I, King of England and of Ireland and as James IV King of Scotland
1925:
and repelling his absolutist intentions by making common cause with the
1837:
In relation to the interior the archiepiscopal authority, consisting of
3744:
3307:
2741:
2705:'s support, both of which since long were after the destruction of the
2702:
2690:
2297:
2156:
975:
873:
858:
854:
715:
691:
that after its definitive secularization in 1648 became the hereditary
655:
396:
391:
212:
177:
within the Holy Roman Empire (as of 1648), the episcopal residence (in
3847:
Notable people from the Archdiocese and Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
2615:
to join, the city refused, but started to enforce its fortifications.
1234:
and they were only to be reestablished later. At the stripping of the
4737:
3734:
3509:
For the further history see the article about the collectively ruled
3482:
3431:(1643â45) the Swedes seized de facto rule in both prince-bishoprics.
3064:, in order to finance them and their missioning in the course of the
2866:
2846:
2698:
2686:
2635:
1792:
1680:
1106:
967:
827:
803:
789:
769:
704:
491:
198:
4051: This article incorporates text from a publication in the
2202:
Territory of the Prince-Archbishopric from a late 16th-century atlas
962:
diocesan territory covered about today's following territories: The
3953:(c. 1430â1485), Roman Catholic priest, church and monastic reformer
1889:
and the archiepiscopal authority, being in itself divided into the
3884:
3826:
3358:
3354:
3033:
3011:
2990:
In many territories, where the majority of the population adopted
2957:
2937:. The Bremian monasteries still maintaining Roman Catholic rite â
2639:
2543:
2197:
2151:
The Era of the Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Archbishopric
2128:
1692:
1684:
1658:
1311:
1219:
1072:
1062:(easterly) as well as the Schleswig-Holsteinian urban counties of
912:
862:
785:
757:
724:
3859:(before 1050 - c. 1081), Roman Catholic canon and historiographer
3712:, existed from before 1255 to 1647, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
1940:
managed to dismiss the autocratic and prodigal Prince-Archbishop
1489:, with part of the diocesan territory being upgraded to form the
4272:
with part of the Saxon territory bearing the official name of a
3874:
3842:, existed from before 986 to 1650, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3823:, existed from 1132 to about 1527, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
2440:
The Prince-Archbishopric during the Thirty-Years War (1618-1648)
2428:
In 1585 John Adolf covenanted at his election in the obligatory
2300:. The schism wasn't so definite, as it looks in retrospect. The
1263:
Gaining Grounds for a Prince-Archbishopric of Imperial Immediacy
1247:
1063:
781:
728:
4507:
4473:
LebenslÀufe zwischen Elbe und Weser: Ein biographisches Lexikon
3922:(died second half of 15th century), Roman Catholic Prioress of
3553:, the latter of which covers today the former territory of the
2405:ĂŒhlen after a riding accident. After Henry's early death, Duke
748:
The archdiocese before the creation of the prince-archbishopric
4261:, who had had a great effort in defeating the last Saxon Duke
3263:
expelled all Lutheran clergy, except the one of St. Nicholas.
2491:
in 1620, to stipulate with Bremen's Chapter and Administrator
792:
territory for a certain distance from the mouth of the Weser.
36:
3916:(died 1526), Roman Catholic, then Lutheran theologist, martyr
3090:, in favour of his youngest son, the Roman Catholic Archduke
2897:
Frederick II, Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden
2521:
Frederick II, Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden
1917:
often swung between increasing its influence by fighting the
3763:, exists since 1219, till 1648 subject to Bremen Archdiocese
1332:
and his remaining supporters. In 1168 the Saxon clan of the
841:
was regarded as the headquarters for missionary work in the
768:'s initiative, his jurisdiction being assigned to cover the
4184:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995;
4153:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995;
4122:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995;
4020:), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995;
3780:, existed from the 1270s to 1647, subject to Verden Diocese
3342:
became subject of a Swedish military administration, while
3314:
in a number of Northern German Lutheran prince-bishoprics.
3082:, whom it had elected with full legal validity in 1621. So
2873:
in order to spare its siege. The city remained unoccupied.
1616:, which became the principal fortress of Prince-Archbishop
3806:, existed from 1141 to 1648, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3790:, existed from 1182 to 1650, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3731:, existed from 1232 to 1646, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3665:, existed from 1050 to 1523, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3649:, existed from 1225 to 1528, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3630:, existed from 1225 to 1528, subject to Bremen Archdiocese
3505:
The further History of the Prince-Archbishopric after 1648
2833:
withdrew from the Prince-Archbishopric, in order to fight
2413:
wielded influence at the Bremian Chapter to elect his son
4063:(third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
2681:
headed for the North in an attempt to destroy the fading
2417:(*1575-1616*) to the See. To this end, Adolf paid 20,000
1833:
Constitution and Politics within the Prince-Archbishopric
1679:), the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (two criss-crossed
1516:
recognised the city of Bremen as a political body by the
3595:
Monasteries in the territory of the prince-archbishopric
2483:
He skillfully took advantage of the alarm of the German
3517:(1823â1978), which emerged by the establishment of the
3291:
had landed with his troops, opening a new front in the
3189:. Even Lutheran capitulars were uneasy in Calvinistic
2732:
to further accept the stationing of Danish troops and
2716:
was elected â in the latter of his functions â by the
2131:
under the jurisdiction of the Bremian archdiocese and
1593:, in charge of the education at the cathedral school.
4894:
Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany
4409:
4407:
4364:
4362:
4060:
New SchaffâHerzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
1741:
former territory consists about of today's following
1509:, holding only a small part of its former territory.
954:
4043:, Hamburg: Museum fĂŒr Hamburgische Geschichte, 1973.
2401:
On 22 April 1585 Henry III died in his residence in
2253:. Thus on 17 February 1567 the Chapter elected Duke
1524:
the emperor declared the city to be governed by its
1250:) was a suffragan of Bremen in the years 1186â1255.
27:
Ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire
4723:
4609:
4552:
2983:(not to be confused with the political body of the
1675:, has become the symbol of the city of Bremen (see
651:
547:
521:
511:
476:
454:
434:
416:
402:
369:
351:
332:
317:
302:
287:
255:
245:
235:
221:
194:
186:
101:
3521:in 1823, comprising the territories of the former
2771:, on 27 August 1626, where he was defeated by the
2493:John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
2147:schools, hospitals, alms houses and senior homes.
2061:Decline of the Prince-Archbishopric's Independence
1340:, had failed to install their family member Count
1128:was elevated to an archdiocese supervising all of
4230:. Addition in edged brackets not in the original.
1972:which had gained at that time substantial power.
3220:within the boundaries of the unoccupied city of
3078:from office. The Chapter refused, still backing
2421:and promised to work towards the restitution of
2175:, but would be banned from participating in the
1222:had destroyed the so-called Wendish dioceses of
4929:1648 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3244:(Its independence was finally confirmed by the
2542:stationed Danish troops in the Bremian city of
1258:after 1180 as a territory of imperial immediacy
904:over Bremen. Sergius prohibited the chapter at
4002:Stammtafeln: mit Anhang Calendarium medii aevi
3232:had illegitimately alienated estates from the
2791:, in personal union also Administrator of the
2724:joined the Anglo-Dutch war coalition. In 1625
2685:, in order to subject the Hanseatic cities of
2607:'s Spanish and imperial forces, requested its
2415:John Adolphus of Schleswig-Holstein at Gottorp
1946:, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg-WolfenbĂŒttel
1566:, archbishop in 1207, Bremen's cathedral dean
955:Bremen's Diocesan Territory and its Suffragans
4919:1180s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
4519:
4174:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser
4143:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser
4112:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser
4010:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser
1663:The coat of arms of the Bremian municipality
8:
4301:
3617:, existed from 1197 to 1648, subject to the
3010:with all their estates had turned into such
2583:With Danish troops within his territory and
2080:congregations, the way was prepared for the
1960:. During the dismissal of Prince-Archbishop
1754:
845:, and new sees to be erected were to be its
383:
375:
354:
106:
3721:St. Mary's Nunnery in the Valley of Lillies
3474:in 1645, i.e. provisional head of the See.
3381:death in 1634 Chapter and Estates regarded
1656:of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen too.
1132:other Nordic former suffragan sees, to wit
735:, making up 10% of its diocesan territory.
4526:
4512:
4504:
3566:Vicariate Apostolic of the Nordic Missions
3511:Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden
3086:himself dismissed him by way of using the
2756:, being as well the provided successor of
2396:Vicariate Apostolic of the Nordic Missions
2265:waived any Saxe-Lauenburgian claim to the
2179:. Lacking papal confirmation and imperial
1505:became one of the successor states of the
168:
145:
98:
2714:Christian IV of Denmark, Duke of Holstein
2540:Christian IV of Denmark, Duke of Holstein
1671:The key, the epithet symbol of the Saint
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
4314:by the respective archbishop of Cologne.
3493:from 1186 (Gelnhausen Privilege), which
3076:Frederick, later Crown Prince of Denmark
2736:, demanded the immediate end of his and
2659:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
2597:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
2580:, and their neutrality in the conflict.
2100:, he preferred to reside in the city of
1687:background, see in the left part of the
1520:. With the consent of Prince-Archbishop
1481:, who since 1168 had called himself the
1294:of his duchies. In 1182 he and his wife
908:to found suffragan dioceses of its own.
50:This article includes a list of general
4909:Dioceses established in the 8th century
4210:
3383:Frederick's (later Danish Crown Prince)
3306:and a number of Lower Saxon princes in
2829:from the Bremian See. In the same year
2618:In 1623 the territories comprising the
1897:, became the quasi constitution of the
849:, meaning subject to its jurisdiction.
675:) â not to be confused with the modern
4077:
4066:
4057:Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914).
3615:Old Nunnery of Ss. Mary's and Lawrence
1359:prevailed twofoldly. The chief of the
1018:(except of an eastern tract of land),
3887:of Stade's monastery of St. Mary and
3684:of monks, existed from 1104 to 1648,
3351:Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim
3158:, carrying out the provisions of the
2929:, decreed on 6 March 1629 within the
2626:already operating in the neighboured
2088:, was in permanent conflict with the
1804:
520:
510:
475:
453:
433:
415:
411:
350:
331:
316:
301:
286:
282:
254:
7:
3557:proper. Except for the prevailingly
3414:Leopold Wilhelm, Archduke of Austria
2869:, which paid him a ransom of 10,000
2572:would join the war coalition of the
2564:, the Lutheran Administrator of the
2292:regarded Henry III a true Catholic,
2212:Brunswick and Lunenburg-WolfenbĂŒttel
1236:Duchy of Saxony (7th century - 1180)
1113:, were determined opponents of Pope
32:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bremen
18:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bremen
4290:Archbishopric-Electorate of Cologne
3580:being dismantled in the same year.
3267:levied high war contributions from
2507:with its Chapter and Administrator
1913:to become a real constitution. The
760:. It was erected on 15 July 787 at
4939:Former Catholic dioceses in Sweden
2825:had de facto dismissed his cousin
2460:, being in personal union Duke of
2206:Many princely houses, such as the
976:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
880:confirmed the amalgamation of the
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3495:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
3242:Republic of the Seven Netherlands
2673:campaign. Thus the troops of the
2523:, only to flee the troops of the
1819:and the southern part of today's
1026:, the Lower Saxon urban counties
890:Archdiocese of Hamburg and Bremen
4600:
4535:
4046:
3959:(1529â1586), Lutheran heritable
3416:, imposed in 1629 by his father
3412:provided the Catholic coadjutor
3322:accepted the supreme command of
3128:wished the Roman Catholic Count
2923:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
2879:had meanwhile conquered all the
2734:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
2628:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
2578:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
1739:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen's
635:
621:
607:
582:
151:The Duchy of Bremen around 1655,
131:
108:Erzstift Bremen/Herzogtum Bremen
41:
4414:
4390:
4369:
4345:
4324:
4219:
3865:(c. 1165â1229), Roman Catholic
3497:, granted to the city in 1646 (
3485:, as under negotiation for the
3240:and join the quasi-independent
2901:Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt
1975:In relation to the outside the
935:had fled the invasion of Count
826:(838â45), the see was given to
772:territory on both sides of the
450:1186, especially from the 1360s
4286:Herzogtum Westfalen und Engern
4274:Duchy of Westphalia and Angria
3628:St. Catherine's Friary, Bremen
2931:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
2921:The Leaguist takeover enabled
2769:Battle of Lutter am Barenberge
2661:, diplomatically supported by
2611:co-religionist of the city of
2570:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
2390:further institutionalised the
2380:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
2360:Congregatio de Propaganda Fide
2011:. A prerequisite for being an
1977:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1783:and from 1145 to 1526 today's
1700:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1618:Gerhard II, Edelherr zur Lippe
1503:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1491:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1387:, with the later on so-called
1256:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
665:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
175:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
103:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1:
4924:1180 establishments in Europe
4192:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008;
4161:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008;
4130:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008;
4028:), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008;
4004:. Leipzig: Hahn. p. 506.
3963:of the Prince-Archbishopric,
3570:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
3562:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
3423:In 1635/1636 the Estates and
3334:Catholic Prince-Bishop Count
3197:and was informed that by the
3177:(not to be confused with the
3138:Prince-Bishopric of OsnabrĂŒck
2728:warned the Prince-Archbishop
2603:for its independence against
2425:to the Prince-Archbishopric.
2374:, the task to look after the
2331:. In 1580 Henry introduced a
1717:corporations of free peasants
1691:) and of the Bremian city of
1585:, presiding the chapter, the
1379:, provided his sixth brother
869:renewed claims to supremacy.
617:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
157:is insufficiently demarcated,
3523:Duchies of Bremen and Verden
3466:(1630â1631) and officiating
3462:, the expelled short-period
3154:as chairman of the imperial
3102:of the prince-bishoprics of
2912:Imperial Free City of LĂŒbeck
2802:and his troops occupied the
2568:requested that the Lutheran
2566:Prince-Bishopric Halberstadt
2333:Lutheran church constitution
2060:
1477:helped their second brother
1449:Herzogtum Sachsen-Wittenberg
1385:Bernhard III, Duke of Saxony
896:, and by so doing he denied
4934:Medieval history of Germany
3060:then being bestowed to the
2096:. Being simultaneously the
2086:Christopher the Spendthrift
1962:Christopher the Spendthrift
1654:Cathedral Immunity District
1461:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg
1278:, had defeated the Duke of
681:ecclesiastical principality
679:, founded in 1994 â was an
4955:
3896:(died latest 1596), upper
3877:, which he founded in 1201
3468:Prince-Bishop of OsnabrĂŒck
3385:dismissal as coadjutor by
3346:ascended its See in 1631.
3340:Prince-Bishopric of Verden
2996:nunneries of Himmelpforten
2935:Prince-Bishopric of Verden
2804:Prince-Bishopric of Verden
2793:Prince-Bishopric of LĂŒbeck
2505:Prince-Bishopric of Verden
2411:Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
2384:Prince-Bishopric of Verden
1314:to go into exile from the
1093:(1043â1072). He was after
798:fixed his headquarters at
29:
4904:History of Bremen (state)
4828:Lower RhenishâWestphalian
4766:
4598:
3760:Convent of the Holy Cross
3437:Second Peace of Brömsebro
3170:in 1629, who acquiesced.
3012:Lutheran women's convents
2358:were subordinated to the
1905:worked on discarding the
1381:Bernhard, Count of Anhalt
1120:Under the latter in 1104
1099:Patriarchate of the North
1097:upgrade to the rank of a
876:'s (888â909) instigation
561:
543:
412:
347:
283:
167:
159:bottom right in pink the
144:
128:
123:
4899:History of Bremen (city)
3957:Christoph von Issendorff
3894:Bonaventura Borchgreving
3883:(c. 1187 - after 1265),
3788:Nunnery in the Osterholz
3445:Frederick III of Denmark
3353:, coming as a relief to
3048:Within the scope of the
3032:), while the nunnery of
2967:Under the threat of the
2679:Albrecht von Wallenstein
2665:, the brother-in-law of
2499:, later crown prince of
2489:Battle of White Mountain
2444:At the beginning of the
2378:in - among others - the
2372:Pietro Francesco Montoro
1968:ruled together with the
1881:of chartered towns. The
1568:Burchard of Stumpenhusen
530:
513:âą Seized by Sweden
496:
485:
463:
442:
423:
209:(seat of govt from 1219)
30:Not to be confused with
4863:Unencircled territories
4624:Brunswick and Lunenburg
4268:, on the behalf of the
3576:only in 1929, with the
3519:High-Bailiwick of Stade
3464:Prince-Bishop of Verden
3433:Christian IV of Denmark
2895:and waived for his son
2748:being already ruled by
2667:Christian IV of Denmark
2585:Christian the Younger's
2515:son succeeded the late
2098:Prince-Bishop of Verden
1779:exclave of the city of
1629:extraterritorial status
1426:younger Duchy of Saxony
1413:. Except of the title,
1375:, a maternal cousin of
1101:and failed completely.
1079:ecclesiastical province
683:(787â1566/1648) of the
155:Imperial City of Bremen
71:more precise citations.
4654:Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
4302:
4297:
4285:
4276:, colloquially called
4270:archdiocese of Cologne
4257:his friend Archbishop
4241:Frederick I Barbarossa
3513:(1648â1823). Then see
3271:burghers (e.g. 22,533
3226:restitution commission
3203:restitution commission
3156:restitution commission
2865:turned to the city of
2587:request Administrator
2562:Lunenburg-WolfenbĂŒttel
2430:election capitulations
2348:archdioceses of Bremen
2278:election capitulations
2271:Imperial Chamber Court
2203:
2168:
2026:
2004:
1988:
1863:hereditary aristocracy
1854:
1755:
1750:
1724:
1677:Coat of arms of Bremen
1668:
1650:Cathedral of St. Peter
1636:
1572:Valdemar II of Denmark
1522:Hartwig II, of Uthlede
1514:Frederick I Barbarossa
1498:
1483:Bishop Elect of Bremen
1460:
1448:
1338:Frederick I Barbarossa
1326:Frederick I Barbarossa
1318:in order to stay with
1288:Frederick I Barbarossa
1269:Frederick I Barbarossa
1082:
1004:Oldenburg in Oldenburg
906:Hamburg's Concathedral
892:, colloquially called
886:Archdiocese of Hamburg
832:Archdiocese of Hamburg
820:archbishops of Cologne
776:from the mouth of the
700:
677:Archdiocese of Hamburg
672:
384:
381:) convening at Diets (
376:
373:Estates of the Realm (
355:
181:) shown by a red spot.
107:
4884:Archbishops of Bremen
4310:were always ruled in
4300:, or more colloquial
4259:Philip I of Heinsberg
3920:Gertrud von dem Brake
3584:Incumbents of the see
3460:Francis of Wartenberg
3336:Francis of Wartenberg
3279:left to head for the
3252:via the Weser river.
3234:Roman Catholic Church
3187:Roman Catholic Church
3148:Francis of Wartenberg
2976:Canonical Visitations
2669:, started a new anti-
2201:
2027:Reichsunmittelbarkeit
1995:) with a vote in the
1979:had the status of an
1802:German pronunciation:
1785:Schleswig-Holsteinian
1698:The territory of the
1662:
1485:, to gain the see of
1465:archdiocese of Bremen
1076:
1048:Rendsburg-Eckernförde
1036:Schleswig-Holsteinian
978:(north of Elbe), the
931:. In 1139 Archbishop
784:and westwards to the
673:FĂŒrsterzbistum Bremen
222:Common languages
4251:(7th century â 1180)
3935:Augustin van Getelen
3652:Bremen: Benedictine
3574:Diocese of OsnabrĂŒck
3555:Prince-Archbishopric
3487:Treaty of Westphalia
3391:Edict of Restitution
3324:Gustavus II Adolphus
3312:Edict of Restitution
3304:Gustavus II Adolphus
3285:Gustavus II Adolphus
3246:Treaty of Westphalia
3199:Edict of Restitution
3160:Edict of Restitution
3088:Edict of Restitution
2969:Edict of Restitution
2927:Edict of Restitution
2394:by establishing the
2228:Electorate of Saxony
2220:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1932:In 1542/1547 - 1549
1899:Prince-Archbishopric
1885:of interplay of the
1769:Rotenburg upon WĂŒmme
1689:Bremen-Verden's seal
1518:Gelnhausen Privilege
1439:into the Duchies of
1411:Wittenberg upon Elbe
1304:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1240:Bishopric of Livonia
1126:Diocese of Lund (DK)
1012:Rotenburg upon WĂŒmme
806:in 804 or 805, when
780:, northwards to the
4839:Circles est. 1512:
4814:Circles est. 1500:
4544:(1500â1806) of the
4499:Elbe-Weser Triangle
4308:Duchy of Westphalia
4278:Duchy of Westphalia
3863:Albert of Bexhövede
3821:St. George's Friary
3793:Stade: Benedictine
3709:Porta Coeli Nunnery
3578:Vicariate Apostolic
3572:became part of the
3403:Christina of Sweden
3361:after its siege by
3066:Counter-Reformation
3022:, more particular:
2962:Counter-Reformation
2943:Harsefeld Archabbey
2925:, to implement the
2595:. When in 1623 the
2322:Hagen im Bremischen
1907:bishopric's Estates
1859:bishopric's Estates
1847:Bishopric's Estates
1822:County of Rotenburg
1665:Hagen im Bremischen
1564:Bishop of Schleswig
1560:Valdemar of Denmark
1507:old Duchy of Saxony
1407:Lauenburg upon Elbe
1320:Henry II of England
1300:Henry II of England
1296:Matilda PlantagenĂȘt
1267:Holy Roman Emperor
1091:Adalbert of Hamburg
943:and Count Palatine
436:âą Bremen city
418:âą Break-up of
4914:787 establishments
4860:
4856:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4542:Lower Saxon Circle
4461:Kloster Neuenwalde
4298:KurfĂŒrstentum Köln
3907:Johann Bornemacher
3809:Stade: Franciscan
3695:St. Mary's Nunnery
3491:imperial immediacy
3281:Duchy of Pomerania
3164:Lower Saxon Circle
3030:ladies' foundation
2939:Altkloster Convent
2718:Lower Saxon Circle
2620:Lower Saxon Circle
2599:, fighting in the
2556:, titular duke of
2458:Denmark and Norway
2452:. After 1613 King
2450:Lower Saxon Circle
2216:House of Nikloting
2204:
2035:Holy Roman Emperor
2018:imperial immediacy
1775:as well as of the
1669:
1545:imperial immediacy
1534:imperial immediacy
1530:Free imperial city
1298:, the daughter of
1142:Gardar (Greenland)
1138:Faroe Islands (FO)
1083:
226:Northern Low Saxon
4869:
4868:
4853:Electoral Rhenish
4546:Holy Roman Empire
4076:Missing or empty
4069:cite encyclopedia
3944:Gerhard Halepaghe
3818:Premonstratensian
3811:St. John's Friary
3796:Our Lady's Friary
3739:Franciscan Friary
3655:St. Paul's Friary
3639:St. John's Friary
3619:Diocese of Verden
3408:In the same year
3389:by virtue of the
3298:In February 1631
3293:Thirty Years' War
3238:Holy Roman Empire
2893:Thirty Years' War
2839:Duchy of Holstein
2601:Eighty Years' War
2538:In November 1619
2529:Johan 't Serclaes
2466:Holy Roman Empire
2446:Thirty Years' War
2368:Nuncio to Cologne
2247:Saxe-Lauenburgian
2009:Holy Roman Empire
1948:. Especially the
1923:Prince-Archbishop
1921:jointly with the
1891:Prince-Archbishop
1843:cathedral chapter
1839:Prince-Archbishop
1806:[ËfĂžËÉdÉ]
1612:and later in the
1595:Pope Honorius III
1587:dean (Domdechant)
1316:Holy Roman Empire
1308:Richard Lionheart
882:Diocese of Bremen
837:The new combined
733:Diocese of Verden
713:(since 1186) and
685:Holy Roman Empire
661:
660:
647:
646:
643:
642:
595:
594:
340:
334:âą 1635â1645
325:
319:âą 1596â1634
310:
309:Prince-Archbishop
304:âą 1185â1190
295:
294:Prince-Archbishop
289:âą 1180â1184
276:
258:Prince-archbishop
217:
210:
203:
202:(seat of chapter)
97:
96:
89:
16:(Redirected from
4946:
4861:
4857:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4604:
4540:
4539:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4411:
4402:
4387:
4381:
4366:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4321:
4315:
4305:
4237:
4231:
4215:
4107:
4085:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4064:
4050:
4049:
4005:
3982:
3974:Henry of Zutphen
3952:
3915:
3900:at the court in
3841:
3805:
3775:
3730:
3683:
3664:
3648:
3609:
3470:(1625â1661), as
3458:appointed Count
3435:had to sign the
3379:John Frederick's
3363:John Frederick's
3110:(1625â1662) and
2951:
2910:, exiled in the
2889:Treaty of LĂŒbeck
2881:Jutish Peninsula
2837:invasion of his
2787:. Administrator
2707:Hanseatic League
2683:Hanseatic League
2640:Baden-Durlachian
2574:Protestant Union
2517:Philip Sigismund
2509:Philip Sigismund
2366:conveyed to the
2316:(1574â1585) and
2304:still hoped the
2232:House of Ascania
2141:
2047:Oldenburg-LĂŒbeck
1869:, non-capitular
1816:County of Verden
1808:
1803:
1758:
1579:Gebhard of Lippe
1415:Duke of Saxony,
1361:House of Ascania
1355:But in 1180 the
1348:, on the see of
1224:Oldenburg-LĂŒbeck
1095:Hamburg-Bremen's
960:Hamburg-Bremen's
878:Pope Sergius III
843:Nordic countries
701:Herzogtum Bremen
639:
638:
625:
624:
611:
610:
599:
598:
586:
585:
579:
578:
563:
562:
531:
497:
486:
464:
443:
424:
387:
379:
360:
338:
323:
308:
293:
270:
216:(venue of Diets)
215:
208:
201:
172:
149:
135:
118:
110:
99:
92:
85:
81:
78:
72:
67:this article by
58:inline citations
45:
44:
37:
21:
4954:
4953:
4949:
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4777:
4773:
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4719:
4605:
4596:
4548:
4534:
4532:
4489:Duchy of Bremen
4485:
4480:
4479:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4446:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4412:
4405:
4388:
4384:
4367:
4360:
4343:
4339:
4322:
4318:
4249:Duchy of Saxony
4243:dismantled the
4238:
4234:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4104:
4088:
4075:
4065:
4056:
4047:
3996:
3993:
3976:
3946:
3909:
3881:Albert of Stade
3849:
3835:
3799:
3769:
3749:Marienau Friary
3724:
3677:
3658:
3642:
3603:
3597:
3586:
3535:
3507:
3499:Diploma of Linz
3472:Vicar Apostolic
3456:Pope Innocent X
3454:again, the new
3410:Pope Urban VIII
3302:conferred with
3207:Pope Urban VIII
3150:, appointed by
3130:Francis William
3126:Catholic League
3092:Leopold Wilhelm
2945:
2675:Catholic League
2638:and alimenting
2624:Catholic League
2525:Catholic League
2442:
2392:Nordic Missions
2376:Nordic Missions
2356:Nordic Missions
2344:Nordic Missions
2329:the Spendthrift
2267:Land of Wursten
2249:exclave of the
2243:Land of Wursten
2224:House of Wettin
2153:
2135:
2063:
2013:imperial estate
1981:imperial estate
1944:the Spendthrift
1835:
1801:
1731:chartered towns
1681:argent (silver)
1602:Bishop's Needle
1551:as part of the
1499:Erzstift Bremen
1441:Saxe-Wittenberg
1432:Duchy of Saxony
1409:and (3) around
1393:Duchy of Saxony
1383:, from then on
1373:Albert the Bear
1265:
1260:
957:
750:
741:
693:Duchy of Bremen
689:Catholic Church
636:
622:
608:
590:Duchy of Saxony
583:
538:
535:
533:Duchy of Bremen
529:
528:
514:
506:
505:
502:
495:
494:
484:
483:
471:
468:
466:Catholic League
462:
461:
447:
441:
440:
427:
425:duchy of Saxony
422:
421:
335:
320:
305:
290:
266:
261:
240:Catholic Church
211:
204:
182:
163:
161:Duchy of Verden
158:
152:
140:
139:
136:
119:
112:
104:
93:
82:
76:
73:
63:Please help to
62:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4952:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4876:
4875:
4867:
4866:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4715:Saxe-Lauenburg
4712:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4554:Ecclesiastical
4550:
4549:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4465:
4453:
4440:
4427:
4415:see references
4403:
4391:see references
4382:
4370:see references
4358:
4346:see references
4337:
4325:see references
4316:
4312:personal union
4232:
4220:see references
4209:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4170:
4139:
4108:
4102:
4086:
4044:
4037:
4006:
3998:Grote, Hermann
3992:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3971:
3954:
3941:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3904:
3891:
3878:
3867:Bishop of Riga
3860:
3857:Adam of Bremen
3848:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3829:: Benedictine
3824:
3814:
3807:
3791:
3786:: Benedictine
3781:
3776:: Benedictine
3764:
3757:: Benedictine
3752:
3742:
3732:
3713:
3698:
3693:: Benedictine
3688:
3671:: Benedictine
3666:
3650:
3631:
3621:
3596:
3593:
3585:
3582:
3534:
3531:
3506:
3503:
3429:Torstenson War
3372:John Frederick
3367:John Frederick
3344:John Frederick
3328:John Frederick
3320:John Frederick
3316:John Frederick
3300:John Frederick
3168:John Frederick
3122:John Frederick
2972:John Frederick
2908:John Frederick
2906:Administrator
2827:John Frederick
2789:John Frederick
2758:John Frederick
2740:alliance with
2730:John Frederick
2644:Halberstadtian
2589:John Frederick
2441:
2438:
2386:. In 1667 the
2354:. In 1622 the
2341:Roman Catholic
2259:Saxe-Lauenburg
2251:Land of Hadeln
2236:Saxe-Lauenburg
2208:House of Guelf
2152:
2149:
2062:
2059:
2031:Reichsfreiheit
1867:service gentry
1834:
1831:
1791:. The city of
1726:Landsgemeinden
1562:, the deposed
1453:Saxe-Lauenburg
1377:Henry the Lion
1330:Henry the Lion
1306:and sister of
1292:Henry the Lion
1264:
1261:
1259:
1252:
1202:Vestervig (DK)
1087:Hamburg-Bremen
956:
953:
894:Hamburg-Bremen
872:At Archbishop
749:
746:
740:
737:
723:, between the
721:city of Bremen
659:
658:
653:
649:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
633:
627:
626:
619:
613:
612:
605:
596:
593:
592:
587:
575:
574:
569:
559:
558:
549:
545:
544:
541:
540:
536:
522:
519:
518:
517:13 August 1645
515:
512:
509:
508:
503:
477:
474:
473:
469:
455:
452:
451:
448:
435:
432:
431:
428:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
403:Historical era
400:
399:
371:
367:
366:
363:
352:High Bailiff (
349:
348:
345:
344:
336:
333:
330:
329:
327:John Frederick
321:
318:
315:
314:
306:
303:
300:
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105:
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95:
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49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4951:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4889:Bremen-Verden
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4872:
4864:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4836:(Lower) Saxon
4833:
4829:
4825:
4824:Upper Rhenish
4821:
4817:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4474:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4449:Stader Archiv
4444:
4441:
4437:
4436:Stader Archiv
4431:
4428:
4424:
4423:3-9801919-8-2
4420:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4399:3-9801919-8-2
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4378:3-9801919-8-2
4375:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4354:3-9801919-8-2
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4333:3-9801919-8-2
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4239:When in 1180
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:3-9801919-8-2
4225:
4221:
4214:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4198:3-9801919-9-0
4195:
4191:
4190:3-9801919-8-2
4187:
4183:
4182:3-9801919-7-4
4179:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:3-9801919-9-0
4164:
4160:
4159:3-9801919-8-2
4156:
4152:
4151:3-9801919-7-4
4148:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4136:3-9801919-9-0
4133:
4129:
4128:3-9801919-8-2
4125:
4121:
4120:3-9801919-7-4
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4103:3-931879-23-2
4099:
4095:
4091:
4090:Schleif, Hans
4087:
4083:
4070:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4053:public domain
4045:
4042:
4039:Kai Mathieu,
4038:
4035:
4034:3-9801919-9-0
4031:
4027:
4026:3-9801919-8-2
4023:
4019:
4018:3-9801919-7-4
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3929:Emma of Lesum
3927:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:Kapellmeister
3895:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3871:Terra Mariana
3868:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3832:Zeven Nunnery
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3718:: Cistercian
3717:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3701:Himmelpforten
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:, where King
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3230:Protestantism
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:(1626â1662).
3113:
3109:
3106:(1628â1648),
3105:
3101:
3100:administrator
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3054:Himmelpforten
3051:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2974:consented to
2973:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2883:, which made
2882:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:Wallenstein's
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2775:troops under
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:Beverstedterm
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:in Rome. The
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:Pope Sixtus V
2291:
2290:Maximilian II
2286:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2273:to this end.
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:Administrator
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:Himmelpforten
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:modus vivendi
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:modus vivendi
1880:
1876:
1875:free peasants
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:(southerly),
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:) around the
1647:
1646:
1641:, literally:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:Acus episcopi
1603:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:Bremen-Verden
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:younger Duchy
1434:
1433:
1427:
1424:, which this
1423:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1405:, (2) around
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:(1180 - 1296)
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Trondheim (N)
1187:
1186:StrÀngnÀs (S)
1183:
1179:
1178:SkĂĄlholt (IS)
1175:
1171:
1170:Schleswig (D)
1167:
1166:Roskilde (DK)
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Linköping (S)
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:(southerly),
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Wilhelmshaven
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:(northerly),
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:(northerly),
993:
989:
986:(northerly),
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
756:on the lower
755:
747:
745:
738:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
657:
654:
652:Today part of
650:
634:
632:
629:
628:
620:
618:
615:
614:
606:
604:
603:Bremen-Verden
601:
600:
597:
591:
588:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
553:
550:
546:
542:
537:
534:
526:
516:
504:
501:
493:
489:
481:
470:
467:
459:
449:
446:
439:
429:
426:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
393:
388:
386:
380:
378:
372:
368:
364:
361:
359:
358:
346:
343:
339:Administrator
337:
328:
322:
313:
307:
298:
292:
278:
274:
269:
264:
263:administrator
259:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
214:
207:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
176:
171:
166:
162:
156:
148:
143:
134:
127:
122:
116:
109:
100:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4871:
4835:
4813:
4812:until 1734.
4561:
4494:Stade Region
4472:
4468:
4456:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4385:
4340:
4319:
4307:
4277:
4269:
4264:
4248:
4244:
4235:
4213:
4173:
4142:
4111:
4093:
4078:|title=
4058:
4040:
4009:
4001:
3986:
3873:, seated in
3850:
3831:
3820:
3810:
3795:
3787:
3777:
3759:
3748:
3747:: Dominican
3738:
3720:
3708:
3694:
3691:Hemmingstedt
3673:
3654:
3638:
3614:
3587:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3554:
3538:
3536:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3515:Stade Region
3508:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3475:
3452:sede vacante
3450:With Bremen
3449:
3441:Frederick II
3440:
3425:Frederick II
3424:
3422:
3418:Ferdinand II
3417:
3407:
3399:Frederick II
3394:
3390:
3387:Ferdinand II
3378:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3166:, dismissed
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:Ferdinand II
3151:
3147:
3146:
3125:
3121:
3118:Ferdinand II
3117:
3116:
3087:
3084:Ferdinand II
3083:
3079:
3072:Ferdinand II
3071:
3070:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3029:
3028:, literally
3023:
3019:
2989:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2905:
2887:to sign the
2885:Christian IV
2884:
2876:
2875:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:beleaguered
2850:
2842:
2834:
2831:Christian IV
2830:
2826:
2823:Christian IV
2822:
2820:
2816:Christian IV
2815:
2811:Christian IV
2810:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2781:Christian IV
2780:
2776:
2765:Christian IV
2764:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2722:Christian IV
2721:
2712:In May 1625
2711:
2706:
2657:In 1623 the
2656:
2617:
2612:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2569:
2552:
2548:
2537:
2527:under Count
2516:
2512:
2482:
2465:
2454:Christian IV
2443:
2434:liege indult
2433:
2429:
2427:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:founded the
2328:
2326:
2310:
2287:
2283:liege indult
2282:
2275:
2266:
2240:
2205:
2193:liege indult
2192:
2185:
2181:liege indult
2180:
2161:liege indult
2160:
2154:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2068:
2064:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2016:
2012:
1993:ReichsstÀnde
1992:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:sede vacante
1953:
1949:
1943:
1942:Christopher
1937:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1855:StiftsstÀnde
1836:
1827:Lower Saxony
1826:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1673:Simon Petrus
1670:
1653:
1642:
1622:
1617:
1614:Vörde Castle
1605:
1601:
1599:
1576:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1501:). Thus the
1490:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1414:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1337:
1336:, allies of
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1291:
1287:
1274:
1266:
1255:
1215:
1214:
1206:VÀsterÄs (S)
1129:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1077:The Bremian
1054:(easterly),
1038:counties of
1006:(easterly),
1002:(westerly),
982:counties of
959:
958:
945:Frederick II
910:
897:
893:
889:
888:to form the
885:
881:
871:
866:
861:and then by
850:
836:
831:
810:s disciple,
807:
795:
794:
773:
751:
742:
720:
714:
708:
664:
662:
631:Dithmarschen
572:Succeeded by
571:
566:
552:Reichsthaler
437:
390:
382:
377:StiftsstÀnde
374:
353:
342:Frederick II
250:Principality
174:
138:Coat of arms
83:
74:
55:
4849:Upper Saxon
4804:until 1695.
4800:until 1640.
4796:until 1773.
4788:until 1596.
4784:until 1705.
4780:until 1731.
4772:until 1701.
4768:until 1648.
4683:Mecklenburg
4644:Grubenhagen
4629:Blankenburg
4567:Halberstadt
4263:Henry III,
3977: [
3947: [
3910: [
3836: [
3800: [
3778:New Nunnery
3770: [
3725: [
3678: [
3659: [
3643: [
3612:Benedictine
3604: [
3527:Land Hadeln
3395:Frederick's
3104:Halberstadt
3050:visitations
2992:Lutheranism
2946: [
2877:Wallenstein
2809:Meanwhile,
2750:Christian's
2632:debasements
2553:the Younger
2551:Christian,
2513:Christian's
2485:Protestants
2478:Halberstadt
2464:within the
2306:Reformation
2230:), and the
2169:Lehnsindult
2142:as well as
2136: [
2127:as well as
2082:Reformation
2045:bishops of
1989:Reichsstand
1903:Archbishops
1781:Bremerhaven
1743:Lower Saxon
1704:archbishops
1685:gules (red)
1638:Domfreiheit
1369:Brandenburg
1363:, Margrave
1273:Henry III,
1198:Viborg (DK)
1194:Uppsala (S)
1154:Orkney (UK)
1150:Odense (DK)
1115:Gregory VII
1085:The see of
1028:Delmenhorst
1020:Wesermarsch
980:Lower Saxon
972:Bremerhaven
853:successor,
766:Charlemagne
567:Preceded by
539:15 May 1648
525:Secularised
507:10 May 1632
472:Summer 1627
445:independent
407:Middle Ages
385:Tohopesaten
370:Legislature
69:introducing
4878:Categories
4845:Burgundian
4832:Franconian
4808:from 1701.
4792:from 1708.
4776:from 1648.
4758:Nordhausen
4753:MĂŒhlhausen
4710:Regenstein
4666:GlĂŒckstadt
4572:Hildesheim
4306:) and the
3991:References
3961:Cup-bearer
3924:Neukloster
3902:Copenhagen
3889:chronicler
3767:Neukloster
3755:Neuenwalde
3716:Lilienthal
3705:Cistercian
3635:Franciscan
3601:Altkloster
3551:Hildesheim
3476:Wartenberg
3273:rixdollars
3142:rixdollars
3134:Wartenberg
3112:Strasbourg
3098:, already
3058:Neuenwalde
3025:Damenstift
3004:Neuenwalde
3000:Lilienthal
2954:Neukloster
2871:rixdollars
2642:, Danish,
2511:. In 1623
2487:after the
2419:rixdollars
2144:Neukloster
2133:Altkloster
2121:Neuenwalde
2117:Lilienthal
2074:Windesheim
1991:, plural:
1825:, both in
1787:county of
1745:counties (
1708:capitulars
1683:keys on a
1643:Cathedral
1591:scholaster
1421:Westphalia
1403:Otterndorf
1310:left from
1286:. In 1180
1242:(first at
1134:Ă
rhus (DK)
1124:suffragan
1068:NeumĂŒnster
966:cities of
937:Rudolph II
902:metropolia
847:suffragans
788:, and the
312:Hartwig II
246:Government
77:April 2012
52:references
4676:Pinneberg
4634:Calenberg
4587:Ratzeburg
4582:Magdeburg
4255:enfeoffed
3939:KĂžbenhavn
3784:Osterholz
3674:Archabbey
3669:Harsefeld
3625:Dominican
3559:Calvinist
3543:OsnabrĂŒck
3447:in 1648.
3250:North Sea
3080:Frederick
3008:Osterholz
2754:Frederick
2636:billeting
2609:Calvinist
2558:Brunswick
2535:in 1626.
2497:Frederick
2318:Paderborn
2314:OsnabrĂŒck
2263:Francis I
2255:Henry III
2189:Bederkesa
2125:Osterholz
2109:Harsefeld
2078:Bursfelde
2051:Ratzeburg
2043:suffragan
2007:) of the
2005:Reichstag
1765:Osterholz
1751:Landkreis
1620:in 1219.
1479:Siegfried
1371:, son of
1357:Ascanians
1342:Siegfried
1334:Ascanians
1290:stripped
1228:Ratzeburg
1210:VÀxjö (S)
1182:Skara (S)
1174:Selje (N)
1162:Ribe (DK)
1056:Steinburg
1044:Pinneberg
1008:Osterholz
929:Ramelsloh
925:Harsefeld
900:claim as
898:Cologne's
884:with the
867:Cologne's
865:, and by
824:Leuderich
816:suffragan
812:Willerich
808:Willehad'
554:, Bremen
480:Conquered
458:Conquered
357:Landdrost
297:Siegfried
236:Religion
124:1180â1648
4841:Austrian
4816:Bavarian
4698:Strelitz
4693:Schwerin
4661:Holstein
4592:Schwerin
4483:See also
4265:the Lion
4092:(1972).
4000:(1877).
3965:Burgmann
3633:Bremen:
3623:Bremen:
3539:Bremen's
3537:In 1824
3525:and the
3365:forces.
3332:Verden's
3062:Jesuites
2933:and the
2821:By 1627
2798:In 1626
2773:Leaguist
2738:Verden's
2671:Habsburg
2652:Palatine
2648:Leaguist
2605:Habsburg
2549:In 1620
2462:Holstein
2423:Ditmarsh
2388:Holy See
2382:and the
2364:Holy See
2337:Holy See
2302:Holy See
2092:and the
2066:failed.
2055:Schwerin
1893:and the
1879:burghers
1811:Verden's
1789:Ditmarsh
1761:Cuxhaven
1625:immunity
1604:(Latin:
1589:and the
1526:burghers
1512:In 1186
1475:Bernhard
1275:the Lion
1232:Schwerin
1216:Bremen's
1158:Oslo (N)
1130:Bremen's
1122:Bremen's
1060:Stormarn
1052:Segeberg
1040:Ditmarsh
1024:Wittmund
1000:Nienburg
992:Diepholz
988:Cuxhaven
933:Adalbero
917:colleges
851:Ansgar's
796:Willehad
754:Willehad
710:de facto
687:and the
548:Currency
438:de facto
392:Landtage
4820:Swabian
4743:Hamburg
4705:Rantzau
4688:GĂŒstrow
4671:Gottorp
4649:Hanover
4611:Secular
4303:Kurköln
4055::
3987:Source
3816:Stade:
3745:Meldorf
3547:MĂŒnster
3308:Leipzig
3269:Stade's
3257:Tilly's
3218:estates
3211:provost
3179:Estates
3175:estates
3162:in the
3096:Austria
2985:Estates
2981:estates
2744:, with
2742:Denmark
2703:Denmark
2701:'s and
2691:Hamburg
2501:Denmark
2352:of Lund
2298:Cologne
2276:In his
2222:), the
2214:), the
2157:regalia
2094:Estates
2090:Chapter
2070:Schisms
1970:Estates
1966:chapter
1954:Chapter
1950:Chapter
1938:Estates
1934:Chapter
1927:Estates
1919:Estates
1915:Chapter
1895:Chapter
1887:Estates
1777:Bremian
1712:Chapter
1710:or the
1645:Liberty
1583:provost
1553:Estates
1401:around
1389:younger
1284:Bavaria
1244:UexkĂŒll
1111:Humbert
1103:Hamburg
964:Bremian
874:Adalgar
859:Normans
855:Rimbert
818:of the
790:Frisian
739:History
716:de jure
656:Germany
527:as the
523:âą
478:âą
456:âą
397:Basdahl
273:vacancy
268:chapter
256:Ruler:
230:Frisian
213:Basdahl
195:Capital
190:Defunct
65:improve
4748:LĂŒbeck
4738:Goslar
4733:Bremen
4725:Cities
4619:Bremen
4577:LĂŒbeck
4562:Bremen
4421:
4397:
4376:
4352:
4331:
4294:German
4282:German
4226:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4100:
4032:
4024:
4016:
3735:Lunden
3686:exempt
3568:. The
3483:Sweden
3377:After
3289:Sweden
3222:Bremen
3195:Verden
3191:Bremen
3183:Bremen
3108:Passau
3043:Stifte
3018:: das
3016:German
3006:, and
2956:, and
2867:Bremen
2847:Bremen
2746:Verden
2699:Sweden
2695:LĂŒbeck
2687:Bremen
2650:, and
2613:Bremen
2593:Bremen
2474:Minden
2470:Verden
2288:While
2165:German
2102:Verden
2023:German
2001:German
1985:German
1871:clergy
1865:, the
1851:German
1793:Bremen
1747:German
1721:German
1633:German
1610:BĂŒcken
1495:German
1487:Bremen
1457:German
1451:) and
1445:German
1417:Angria
1399:Hadeln
1365:Otto I
1350:Bremen
1346:Anhalt
1280:Saxony
1107:Liemar
1034:, the
996:Frisia
984:Aurich
974:, the
968:Bremen
949:Saxony
921:BĂŒcken
828:Ansgar
804:Saxons
800:Bremen
705:Bremen
697:German
669:German
500:LĂŒbeck
492:Bremen
488:Sweden
365:
324:Admin.
279:
199:Bremen
187:Status
115:German
111:
54:, but
4639:Celle
4205:Notes
3981:]
3969:Vörde
3951:]
3914:]
3885:abbot
3840:]
3827:Zeven
3804:]
3774:]
3729:]
3682:]
3663:]
3647:]
3608:]
3588:See:
3359:Stade
3355:Stade
3277:Tilly
3265:Tilly
3261:Tilly
3120:left
3034:Zeven
3020:Stift
2958:Zeven
2950:]
2916:Stade
2863:Tilly
2859:Tilly
2855:Stade
2851:Tilly
2843:Tilly
2800:Tilly
2785:Stade
2777:Tilly
2726:Tilly
2544:Stade
2533:Tilly
2407:Adolf
2177:Diets
2140:]
2129:Zeven
2029:, or
1798:Vörde
1773:Stade
1759:) of
1756:Kreis
1753:, or
1729:) or
1693:Stade
1549:Diets
1312:Stade
1246:then
1220:Wends
1016:Stade
941:Stade
913:Unwan
863:Wends
786:Hunte
778:Aller
774:Weser
770:Saxon
764:, on
762:Worms
758:Weser
725:Weser
395:) in
265:, or
206:Vörde
179:Vörde
4419:ISBN
4395:ISBN
4374:ISBN
4350:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4224:ISBN
4194:ISBN
4186:ISBN
4178:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4155:ISBN
4147:ISBN
4132:ISBN
4124:ISBN
4116:ISBN
4098:ISBN
4082:help
4030:ISBN
4022:ISBN
4014:ISBN
3875:Riga
3869:and
3549:and
3216:The
3056:and
3038:nuns
2763:Now
2752:son
2693:and
2560:and
2476:and
2350:and
2076:and
2053:and
2015:was
1997:Diet
1964:the
1936:and
1877:and
1841:and
1771:and
1737:The
1627:and
1473:and
1471:Otto
1430:old
1419:and
1302:and
1282:and
1254:The
1248:Riga
1230:and
1208:and
1109:and
1066:and
1064:Kiel
1030:and
970:and
927:and
782:Elbe
729:Elbe
727:and
707:was
663:The
556:mark
498:and
430:1180
420:stem
271:(in
153:the
4253:he
4245:old
3967:of
3772:nds
3606:nds
3501:).
3287:of
3132:of
3094:of
2987:).
2948:nds
2531:of
2519:as
2456:of
2409:of
2257:of
2138:nds
1809:).
1706:or
1532:of
1367:of
1344:of
947:of
939:of
919:of
839:see
389:or
4880::
4858:·
4851:,
4847:,
4843:,
4834:,
4830:,
4826:,
4822:,
4818:,
4406:^
4361:^
4296::
4284::
4073::
4071:}}
4067:{{
3979:de
3949:de
3912:de
3838:de
3802:de
3737::
3727:de
3703::
3680:de
3661:de
3645:de
3610::
3545:,
3529:.
3405:.
3213:.
3205:.
3136:,
3045:.
3002:,
2998:,
2964:.
2952:,
2941:,
2903:.
2841:.
2779:.
2709:.
2689:,
2646:,
2480:.
2472:,
2398:.
2370:,
2324:.
2195:.
2167::
2123:,
2119:,
2115:,
2111:,
2104:.
2057:.
2049:,
2025::
2003::
1987::
1873:,
1853::
1829:.
1767:,
1749::
1723::
1695:.
1635::
1536:.
1497::
1467:.
1459::
1447::
1352:.
1322:.
1226:,
1212:.
1204:,
1200:,
1196:,
1192:,
1188:,
1184:,
1180:,
1176:,
1172:,
1168:,
1164:,
1160:,
1156:,
1152:,
1148:,
1144:,
1140:,
1136:,
1117:.
1070:.
1058:,
1046:,
1042:,
1022:,
1010:,
998:,
990:,
923:,
834:.
699::
671::
490:,
482:by
460:by
260:,
228:,
4527:e
4520:t
4513:v
4425:.
4401:.
4380:.
4356:.
4335:.
4292:(
4280:(
4106:.
4084:)
4080:(
3014:(
2234:(
2226:(
2218:(
2210:(
2163:(
2021:(
1999:(
1983:(
1849:(
1800:(
1719:(
1631:(
1493:(
1455:(
1443:(
695:(
667:(
362:)
275:)
117:)
113:(
90:)
84:(
79:)
75:(
61:.
34:.
20:)
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