491:
1411:
2291:
1947:
657:
330:
318:
680:(or Anmatjirra) people. The Eastern form seems more closely related to Eastern Arrernte and Southern Alywarre than Western Anmatyerre, which is noticeably different phonetically from other Arandic languages. it is spoken in the Mount Allan and northwest Alice Springs regions. With only 640 speakers in the 2016 census, it is regarded as threatened.
700:. Breen distinguishes Tyurretye Arrernte (which he initially called Mbunghara) from Western Arrernte, saying that two speakers first recorded, from the Standley Chasm and Mbunghara, was not known until the mid-1980s, and that it may have been the "real" Western Arrernte, before the latter was mixed with Southern Arrernte (
570:. Spoken in the Alice Springs area and others, there were 1,910 speakers in the 2016 census, making it the most widely spoken Arrernte, and Australian Aboriginal, language. This is the dialect most often referred to as "Arrernte" and the strongest of all in the group. There is a project encouraging its use,
1401:
Stops are unaspirated. Prenasalized stops are voiced throughout; prestopped nasals are voiceless during the stop. These sounds arose as normal consonant clusters; Ladefoged states that they now occur initially, where consonant clusters are otherwise forbidden, due to historical loss of initial
728:
which is used by many
Anmatyerr speakers to communicate non-verbally; the word iltja means 'hand, finger' and the term translates as 'signaling with hands'. Sign language is used when Anmatyerr people when hunting, when talking to the deaf, when somebody passes away and when talking to elders.
1539:. It seems that the vowel system derives from an earlier one with more phonemes, but after the development of labialised consonants in the vicinity of round vowels, the vowels lost their roundedness/backness distinction, merging into just two phonemes. There is little
7144:
1571:
is realised as zero, except before a rounded consonant where, by a rounding process of general applicability, it is realised as . It is also common for phrases to carry a final corresponding to no underlying segment.
592:
areas as well as
Queensland. In 2016 there were 1,550 speakers of the language, giving it a status of "Developing". It is similar to Western Arrernte. (Kaytetye is related to this dialect, but is classed as a separate
4414:
3326:
2908:
248:
7139:
4094:
2832:
According to
Glottolog: "E17/E18/E19 has a separate entry for Ayerrerenge . But Ayerrerenge is an Arandic variety subsumed under the entry Andegerebinha (Breen, Gavan 2001, Breen, J. Gavan 1971)".
653:
in the NT. It is now extinct. Breen (2001) says that the language was regarded as the same or similar to
Andegerebinha/Antekerrepenhe by some speakers, and Glottolog regards it as a dialect of it.
4429:. Compiled by David Roennfeldt with members of the communities of Ntaria, Ipolera, Gilbert Springs, Kulpitarra, Undarana, Red Sand Hill, Old Station and other outstations. - Version details.
467:, making this dialect one of the widest spoken of any Indigenous language in Australia, the one usually referred to as Arrernte and the one described in detail below. It is spoken in the
4384:
4406:
5178:
4395:
708:. Anna Kenny has noted that the people of the Upper Finke River prefer their language to be known as Western Aranda. This dialect has similarities with Alyawarre and Kaytetye.
4455:
5113:
340:
1354:
5171:
4107:
739:
Keeping
Indigenous Languages and Cultures Strong – A Plan for Teaching and Learning of Indigenous Languages and Cultures in the Northern Territory
1579:
variants for monosyllabic and bisyllabic bases. Stems that appear monosyllabic and begin with a consonant in fact select the bisyllabic variant.
3571:
3692:
775:
4239:
Wilkins, David P. (1988). "Switch-reference in
Mparntwe Arrernte (Aranda): form, function, and problems of identity". In Austin, P. K. (ed.).
4191:
4122:
4337:
4283:
4043:
4024:
3990:
3962:
3943:
3857:
Breen, Gavan (2001). "The wonders of
Arandic phonology". In Simpson, Jane; Nash, David; Laughren, Mary; Austin, Peter; Alpher, Barry (eds.).
3847:
5106:
4448:
4053:
1267:
737:
The
Northern Territory Department of Education has a program for teaching Indigenous culture and languages, underpinned by a plan entitled
5164:
4381:
4403:
1543:
variation in different consonantal contexts for the vowels. Instead, the phonemes can be realised by various different articulations in
1254:
607:
6007:
1228:
474:
The second biggest dialect in the group is
Alyawarre. Some of the other dialects are spoken by very few people, leading to efforts to
5879:
4392:
4359:
3702:
1241:
6853:
3482:
Kenny, Anna (17 November 2017). "Aranda, Arrernte or
Arrarnta? The Politics of Orthography and Identity on the Upper Finke River".
1551:
can be pronounced in most contexts. However, it is required to be when phrase-initial before a labialized consonant (see below).
3798:
2884:
705:
6267:
7149:
4882:
4522:
4441:
3268:
1402:
vowels; however, it has also been argued that such words start with a phonemic schwa, which may not be pronounced (see below).
352:
4347:
5122:
4257:
Wilkins, David P. (1991). "The semantics, pragmatics and diachronic development of "associated motion" in Mparntwe Arrente".
3184:
624:
people is the north-easternmost member of the Arrernte group of languages, and the least studied. It was spoken across the
5032:
4914:
4826:
4503:
2792:
1536:
507:
420:
4723:
5384:
1959:
1587:
preceded by a consonant, which by this analysis can be stated more uniformly as the second underlying syllable. And the
1324:
585:
293:
744:
The Alice Springs Language Centre delivers language teaching at primary, middle and senior schools, offering Arrernte,
6865:
5579:
4868:
4715:
1463:
1287:
941:
6759:
6558:
6414:
6402:
6217:
5915:
5582:
5187:
4745:
3179:. Pacific Linguistics 512. ANU. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. (Pacific Linguistics). pp. 45–69.
111:
7124:
5551:
4489:
4016:
4000:
Henderson, John (2003). "The word in Eastern/Central Arrernte". In R. M. W. Dixon; Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.).
2854:
documented in great detail identify themselves today as Western Aranda or Arrarnta. They call themselves sometimes
1740:
1509:
1307:
1042:
928:
874:
6030:
5858:
5469:
4875:
2964:
2294:
Hut of the Eastern Arrernte Basedow, Eastern Arrernte people, Arltunga district, Northern Territory; August 1920.
1389:
1300:
902:
768:
5787:
5660:
6825:
5536:
5374:
5233:
5218:
5067:
5053:
4951:
4937:
4496:
4375:
1527:
The vowel system of Eastern/Central Arrernte is unusual in that there are only two contrastive vowel phonemes,
1474:
1377:
1294:
915:
362:
4354:. Aboriginal History Monograph. Australian National University. Aboriginal History Incorporated. p. 23.
692:), spoken west of Alice Springs, is nearly extinct, being only spoken by 440 people in 2016. Other terms are
6616:
6588:
5736:
5412:
5369:
5302:
4840:
4679:
4600:
2969:
887:
475:
156:
31:
7129:
6789:
6779:
6110:
6095:
6049:
5977:
5935:
5144:
5137:
4621:
4565:
4464:
4174:
2665:
1604:
1568:
1548:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1427:
1423:
1371:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1028:
718:
490:
204:
163:
6999:
6692:
6679:
6491:
6308:
6067:
5484:
5364:
4537:
4510:
3546:
1819:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1015:
961:
601:
6887:
5312:
3933:
1422::251). The positioning of the vowels is only approximate, as they possess a wide range of allophones.
7020:
6928:
6874:
6728:
6664:
6527:
6376:
6348:
6343:
6158:
6087:
6072:
6002:
5997:
5987:
5982:
5972:
5940:
5853:
5759:
5744:
5693:
5688:
5678:
5505:
5474:
5322:
5317:
4889:
4819:
4738:
4215:
4203:
4195:
1625:
1580:
1559:
The underlying syllable structure of Eastern/Central Arrernte is argued to be VC(C), with obligatory
1387:
1375:
989:
807:
781:
Projects are being run to revive dying dialects of the language, such as Southern Arrernte/Pertame.
6994:
6984:
6974:
6918:
6804:
6669:
6522:
6499:
6476:
6333:
6025:
5927:
5840:
5800:
5767:
5703:
5683:
5594:
5422:
5348:
5228:
5223:
5060:
5007:
4774:
4759:
4579:
4130:
1967:
1679:
1564:
1002:
861:
764:
745:
650:
7090:
7062:
7052:
6979:
6892:
6708:
6504:
6445:
6437:
6422:
6399:
6366:
6290:
6280:
6257:
6186:
6181:
6100:
6062:
5992:
5912:
5848:
5825:
5820:
5810:
5777:
5772:
5668:
5612:
5556:
5515:
5443:
5397:
5392:
5327:
5253:
4708:
4701:
4593:
4482:
4328:
Green, Jenny (Jennifer Anne); Institute for Aboriginal Development (Alice Springs, N.T.) (1992),
3917:
3894:
1674:
1649:
1560:
974:
856:
831:
499:
441:
57:
6771:
4630:
4061:
2290:
1410:
7134:
7077:
7044:
7025:
7015:
6964:
6954:
6723:
6611:
6598:
6555:
6514:
6427:
6371:
6358:
6338:
6318:
6275:
6237:
6214:
6168:
6145:
6125:
6115:
6057:
5956:
5950:
5795:
5650:
5645:
5607:
5531:
5510:
5479:
5417:
5343:
5297:
5238:
5074:
4781:
4752:
4694:
4687:
4664:
4586:
4355:
4333:
4279:
4039:
4020:
3986:
3958:
3939:
3843:
3698:
3180:
2841:
In Western Arrernte lands the preferred spelling for their language is 'Arrarnta' or 'Aranda'.
1963:
1794:
1767:
1664:
1637:
1630:
1491:
1216:
1129:
846:
819:
812:
749:
656:
629:
531:
523:
479:
116:
4010:
2977:
7067:
7030:
6969:
6897:
6882:
6799:
6649:
6644:
6634:
6626:
6583:
6481:
6455:
6323:
6303:
6298:
6252:
6242:
6191:
6176:
6153:
6135:
5815:
5726:
5721:
5635:
5617:
5602:
5546:
5464:
5459:
5438:
5307:
5248:
5243:
5081:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4928:
4847:
4785:
4731:
4551:
4472:
4108:"Guidelines for the implementation of Indigenous languages and cultures programs in schools"
3909:
3879:
3491:
2927:
2787:
1669:
1659:
1642:
1584:
1247:
1008:
921:
851:
841:
824:
757:
753:
661:
611:
437:
389:
4348:"Chapter 13. Placenames of central Australia: Early European records and recent experience"
3322:
266:
7095:
7085:
7057:
6989:
6959:
6949:
6830:
6809:
6794:
6784:
6713:
6659:
6639:
6578:
6532:
6463:
6328:
6313:
6247:
6229:
6130:
6105:
6017:
5964:
5889:
5874:
5830:
5805:
5749:
5716:
5627:
5541:
5402:
5279:
5263:
5258:
5200:
5046:
5039:
5025:
4972:
4958:
4861:
4805:
4644:
4637:
4614:
4607:
4410:
4399:
4388:
3684:
3230:
1955:
1946:
1846:
1713:
1654:
955:
836:
471:
area and taught in schools and universities, heard in media and used in local government.
445:
433:
284:
278:
272:
260:
103:
68:
4012:
Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives
2904:
254:
6933:
6923:
6913:
6735:
6570:
5884:
5711:
5673:
5500:
4854:
4810:
4671:
4558:
4272:
3929:
3805:
3255:
2804:
1686:
1544:
868:
140:
3392:
3338:
3203:
3175:. In Simpson, Jane; Nash, David; Laughren, Mary; Austin, Peter; Alpher, Barry (eds.).
3053:
3003:
240:
7118:
6120:
6077:
5640:
5289:
5000:
4767:
4572:
4311:
4146:
4077:
3688:
2858:, meaning 'belonging to Tyurretye', and refer to their Arandic dialect as Western or
2851:
1881:
1842:
1592:
1588:
1444:
1415:
1360:
1338:
1330:
1313:
1273:
1260:
1234:
1208:
1202:
1034:
1021:
995:
980:
967:
947:
934:
908:
893:
880:
589:
468:
3921:
3169:
4317:
2812:
147:
2958:
688:(Western Arrernte, Western Aranda, Akara, Southern Aranda, possible sub-dialect
4833:
1876:
1439:
1281:
329:
317:
306:
301:
4305:
3750:
3028:
17:
4965:
3884:
3867:
3424:
3370:
3301:
3296:
3137:
3085:
1971:
1893:
1886:
1576:
1456:
1449:
625:
536:
80:
76:
4250:
Mparntwe Arrernte (Aranda): studies in the structure and semantics of grammar
534:(Koch, 2004) and Lower Southern (or just Lower) Aranda, an extinct language.
4921:
4422:
4321:
3913:
3397:
3343:
3208:
3058:
1922:
1908:
1540:
1501:
1483:
677:
641:
637:
633:
621:
620:, (also known as Yuruwinga, Bularnu and other variations) was spoken by the
581:
515:
233:
176:
84:
72:
3419:
3365:
3132:
3107:
3080:
676:
and other variations), divided into Eastern and Western, is spoken by the
223:
216:
209:
199:
192:
185:
5156:
4433:
370:
358:
1595:
the final VC syllable of the verb stem; it does not include the final .
1535:. Two-vowel systems are very rare worldwide, but are also found in some
4299:
701:
366:
3495:
2668:), though younger speakers may use possessives in this case too (e.g.
1950:
Kai Kai Western Arrernte, likely a speaker of Upper Arrernte; c. 1900.
540:
defines 8 Arandic languages and classifies them slightly differently.
5099:
4907:
4801:
4413:
on Arrernte language and people: bibliographies of items held in the
4080:(October–December 1907). "The Arran'da Language, Central Australia".
3596:
3327:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2909:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2803:
Western and Southern Arrernte were used in parts of the libretto for
337:
7145:
Endangered indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory
4352:
Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and re-naming the Australian landscape
4095:"Indigenous Education Strategy - Issue 17: Keeping Arrernte strong"
2298:
Pronouns decline with a nominative rather than ergative alignment:
4944:
3644:
2797:
2289:
1945:
1409:
763:
There are two courses teaching Arrernte at tertiary level: at the
655:
489:
4093:
Northern Territory Government. Dept of Education (5 April 2018).
1603:
Central/Eastern Arrernte orthography does not write word-initial
3572:"Central Australian Aboriginal sign language shared in Tasmania"
3521:
1575:
Among the evidence for this analysis is that some suffixes have
6851:
6756:
6553:
6397:
6212:
5910:
5577:
5198:
5160:
4437:
3547:"Iltyem-iltyem Indigenous Sign Languages of Central Australia"
3254:
NOTE: Cannot find reference to a Bathurst in this region, but
1426:
may not be a phoneme but rather just one of the allophones of
502:
approximation of the traditional pronunciation of the name of
395:
4192:"Have you ever wondered why Arrernte is spelt the way it is?"
3608:
741:
with the second stage of the plan running from 2018 to 2020.
597:
All of the other dialects are either threatened or extinct:
543:
Two dialects are more widely spoken than any of the others:
4318:
Gavan Breen Eastern Arrernte collection - written materials
3325:
Anmatyerr at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
2948:
2930:
2302:
Non-skin-group-marking pronouns (Eastern/Central Arrernte)
407:
398:
4223:
4004:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–124.
2907:
Arrernte at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
369:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
7140:
Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory
4106:
Northern Territory Government. Dept of Education (2017).
2939:
794:
This description relates to Central or Eastern Arrernte.
4278:. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
2796:(1972–1973) is written partly in Arrernte and partly in
1970:
in its pronouns. Pronouns may be marked for duality and
4314:- with map. (Aboriginal Art and Culture, Alice Springs)
4274:
Alyawarra, an Aboriginal language of central Australia
4241:
Complex sentence constructions in Australian languages
3522:"Iltyem-iltyem – Australian Indigenous Sign Languages"
2761:
2754:
2735:
2728:
2709:
2702:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2594:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2333:
774:
There are books available in Arandic languages in the
2942:
2664:
Body parts normally require non-possessive pronouns (
606:(or Antekerrepenhe or Ayerrerenge) was spoken in the
456:, and all of the dialects have multiple other names.
401:
3976:. PhD dissertation. University of Western Australia.
3667:
3665:
2945:
2936:
404:
7076:
7043:
7008:
6942:
6906:
6873:
6864:
6818:
6770:
6701:
6625:
6597:
6569:
6513:
6490:
6454:
6436:
6413:
6357:
6289:
6266:
6228:
6167:
6144:
6086:
6048:
6016:
5963:
5949:
5926:
5867:
5839:
5786:
5758:
5735:
5702:
5659:
5626:
5593:
5524:
5493:
5452:
5431:
5383:
5357:
5336:
5288:
5272:
5211:
5091:
5017:
4899:
4800:
4656:
4520:
4471:
4252:. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.
2933:
392:
292:
247:
231:
174:
169:
153:
137:
100:
90:
64:
53:
41:
4271:
3983:Eastern and Central Arrernte to English Dictionary
3935:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
2957:
530:(Arrernte) dialects, plus two distinct languages,
4302:(Sorosoro program for linguistic diversity, 2015)
4300:Arrernte: Data collected on the Arrernte language
4082:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
3955:A learner's guide to Eastern and Central Arrernte
3872:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3859:Forty Years On: Ken Hale and Australian Languages
3177:Forty years on: Ken Hale and Australian languages
3861:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 45–69.
724:There is also an Anmatyerr sign language called
3738:
3726:
4243:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 141–176.
3974:Topics in Eastern and Central Arrernte grammar
3895:"Arrernte: A Language with No Syllable Onsets"
2911: (see the info box for additional links)
5172:
4449:
4127:Call for Australian languages and linguistics
3170:"Chapter 4: The wonders of Arandic phonology"
644:areas, and near Mount Hogarth, Bathurst, and
8:
3868:"Illustrations of the IPA: Central Arrernte"
3198:
3196:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
336:Arrernte is classified as Vulnerable by the
3840:Introductory Dictionary of Western Arrernte
3656:
1419:
1383:
6870:
6861:
6848:
6767:
6753:
6566:
6550:
6410:
6394:
6225:
6209:
5960:
5923:
5907:
5590:
5574:
5208:
5195:
5179:
5165:
5157:
4529:
4456:
4442:
4434:
717:The Arrernte also have a highly developed
328:
316:
38:
3981:Henderson, John; Veronica Dobson (1994).
3938:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3883:
3597:Northern Territory Government, April 2018
1395:
610:area (east of Alice Springs), but is now
4332:, Institute for Aboriginal Development,
4177:. Alice Springs News Online. 23 May 2019
4034:Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996).
3291:
3289:
2883:Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021).
2687:
2300:
1976:
1954:Eastern and Central Arrernte has fairly
1870:
1619:
1433:
801:
341:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4350:. In Harold Koch; Luise Hercus (eds.).
3866:Breen, Gavan; Dobson, Veronica (2005).
3632:
2875:
2825:
363:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4376:Keeping The Aboriginal Language Strong
4220:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages
3893:Breen, Gavan; Pensalfini, Rob (1999).
3645:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages
3508:
2990:
2689:Eastern and Central Arrernte examples
776:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages
506:
419:
4423:"Western Arrarnta picture dictionary"
4259:Buffalo Working Papers in Linguistics
4208:University Languages Portal Australia
3785:
3773:
3761:
3671:
3469:
3457:
3445:
1624:
806:
7:
4038:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
2978:participating institution membership
1978:Suffixes (Eastern/Central Arrernte)
27:Dialect cluster of Central Australia
4036:The Sounds of the World's Languages
3694:The Sounds of the World's Languages
3620:
3551:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet
3697:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 129.
3609:Northern Territory Government 2017
3269:"Argadargada Waterhole (with map)"
2922:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
721:, also known as Iltyeme-iltyeme.
459:There are about 1,800 speakers of
25:
4002:Word: A Cross-Linguistic Typology
2850:'The Arandic group whose culture
1508:
1490:
1473:
1462:
1359:
1353:
1329:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
994:
988:
979:
973:
966:
960:
946:
940:
933:
927:
920:
914:
907:
901:
892:
886:
879:
873:
2926:
448:. Other spelling variations are
388:
4883:South Australian Pidgin English
424:), or sometimes referred to as
417:Eastern Arrernte pronunciation:
5123:Australian Irish Sign Language
4330:Alyawarr to English dictionary
4190:Turpin, Myfany (August 2004).
3717:Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996)
440:group spoken in parts of the
1:
4827:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
4306:Arrernte (Arrernte angkentye)
4169:. Sydney: Oceania Monographs.
4151:Alice Springs Language Centre
3739:Breen & Pensalfini (1999)
3727:Breen & Pensalfini (1999)
1537:Northwest Caucasian languages
220: – Western Arrernte
213: – Eastern Arrernte
4167:Aranda phonetics and grammar
3985:. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
3957:. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
3842:. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
2885:"Cultural diversity: Census"
1567:. Underlying phrase-initial
478:; others are now completely
302:Eastern and Central Arrernte
4869:Port Jackson Pidgin English
4165:Strehlow, T. G. H. (1944).
2096:from (origin), association
1547:. For example, the phoneme
1520:All dialects have at least
664:was a Western Arrernte man.
524:group of languages/dialects
7166:
4248:Wilkins, David P. (1989).
4175:"To save a dying language"
4017:Cambridge University Press
2151:because (bad consequence)
1611:to the end of every word.
1418:of Central Arrernte, from
498:"Aranda" is a simplified,
29:
6860:
6847:
6766:
6752:
6565:
6549:
6409:
6393:
6224:
6208:
5922:
5906:
5589:
5573:
5207:
5194:
5132:
4900:Major immigrant languages
4876:Queensland Kanaka English
4718:? (5-6 families/isolates)
4532:
3885:10.1017/S0025100305002185
2965:Oxford English Dictionary
2809:Journey to Horseshoe Bend
2554:
2452:
2326:
1826:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1384:Breen & Dobson (2005)
1292:
823:
818:
811:
804:
769:Charles Darwin University
733:Current usage and tuition
580:dialect is spoken by the
349:
327:
315:
46:
5114:Indigenous Sign Language
4346:Kimber, Richard (2009).
3972:Henderson, John (1988).
3258:shows a "Bathurst Bore".
2811:, based on the novel by
1420:Breen & Dobson (2005
785:Eastern/Central Arrernte
486:Arrernte/Aranda dialects
227: – Ayerrerenge
96:4,100 (2021 census)
30:Not to be confused with
5018:Major foreign languages
4682:? (3 families/isolates)
4324:open-access collection)
3914:10.1162/002438999553940
2970:Oxford University Press
2807:' and Gordon Williams'
2762:
2755:
2736:
2729:
2710:
2703:
2676:
2670:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2595:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2379:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2016:really strong emphasis
322:Where Arandic is spoken
189: – Anmatjirra
32:Lower Arrernte language
7150:Vertical vowel systems
6718:old Wangkumara/Garlali
6687:new Wangkumara/Garlali
5188:Pama–Nyungan languages
5145:Indigenous Australians
5138:Aboriginal Australians
4465:Languages of Australia
3256:this map of Mt Hogarth
3112:Apmere angkentye-kenhe
2790:'s music theatre work
2666:inalienable possession
2295:
1951:
1431:
1374:is described as velar
719:Arrernte sign language
665:
572:Apmere angkentye-kenhe
495:
351:This article contains
164:Arrernte Sign Language
6008:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
5107:Australian Aboriginal
4504:Australian Aboriginal
4009:Kendon, Adam (1988).
3953:Green, Jenny (2005).
3838:Breen, Gavan (2000).
3168:Breen, Gavan (2001).
2293:
1949:
1413:
659:
494:Map showing languages
493:
276: Antekerrepenh,
196: – Alyawarr
7068:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
4890:Torres Strait Creole
4196:Central Land Council
4064:on 30 September 2018
4058:Mobile Language Team
3811:on 11 September 2009
3751:Arrernte on Omniglot
3526:www.iltyemiltyem.com
2920:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
2241:negative imperative
2161:not having, without
2036:actor in a sentence
706:Hermannsburg Mission
698:Arrernte Alturlerenj
444:, Australia, by the
6854:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
4421:Roennfeldt, David.
4409:18 May 2015 at the
4398:18 May 2015 at the
4387:18 May 2015 at the
4270:Yallop, C. (1977).
2968:(Online ed.).
2782:Cultural references
2756:Urreke aretyenhenge
2718:G'day, What's new?
2690:
2303:
1979:
1615:
1583:falls on the first
765:Batchelor Institute
640:, Barkly Downs and
554:) dialects include
282: Ayerrerenge,
6319:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
4490:Western Australian
3902:Linguistic Inquiry
3420:"Western Arrarnte"
3231:"G12: Ayerrerenge"
3081:"Eastern Arrernte"
2924:, Edinburgh; also
2860:Tyurretye Arrernte
2688:
2301:
2296:
2261:purpose or intent
2006:stronger emphasis
1977:
1962:. It is generally
1958:but tends towards
1952:
1756:tnh/thn tnhw/thnw
1614:
1432:
666:
622:Yuruwinga/Yaroinga
508:[ˈarəɳ͡ɖa]
500:Australian English
496:
476:revive their usage
442:Northern Territory
270: Anmatyerre,
58:Northern Territory
7125:Arandic languages
7112:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7039:
7038:
6907:Mangarrayi-Marran
6866:Macro-Gunwinyguan
6843:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6545:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6268:Kanyara–Mantharta
6204:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6044:
6043:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5552:Mbariman-Gudhinma
5154:
5153:
4796:
4795:
4716:Macro-Gunwinyguan
4657:Language families
4404:special materials
4378:(The Spoken Word)
4339:978-0-949659-66-8
4312:Arrernte language
4285:978-0-85575-062-6
4123:"Pertame Project"
4045:978-0-631-19815-4
4026:978-0-521-36008-1
3992:978-0-949659-74-3
3964:978-1-86465-081-5
3945:978-0-521-47378-1
3849:978-0-949659-98-9
3764:, pp. 46–47.
3511:, pp. 49–50.
3496:10.1002/ocea.5169
2976:(Subscription or
2779:
2778:
2773:OK, See you later
2763:Kele aretyenhenge
2744:Are you alright?
2737:Ye, ayenge mwerre
2662:
2661:
2623:ikwere-atherrenhe
2283:
2282:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1867:
1866:
1768:Prenasalized stop
1518:
1517:
1369:
1368:
1130:Prenasalized stop
694:Tyuretye Arrernte
568:Mparntwe Arrernte
377:
376:
359:rendering support
355:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
7157:
6871:
6862:
6849:
6768:
6754:
6567:
6551:
6411:
6395:
6226:
6210:
6035:Kuurn Kopan Noot
6031:Dhauwurd Wurrung
5961:
5924:
5908:
5859:Pallanganmiddang
5591:
5575:
5470:Aghu Tharrnggala
5209:
5196:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5158:
5147:
5140:
5125:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4789:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4530:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4497:South Australian
4492:
4485:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4435:
4430:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4342:
4289:
4277:
4266:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4226:on 14 March 2018
4222:. Archived from
4211:
4199:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4170:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4129:. Archived from
4118:
4112:
4102:
4089:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4060:. Archived from
4054:"Lower Arrernte"
4049:
4030:
4005:
3996:
3977:
3968:
3949:
3925:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3862:
3853:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3804:. Archived from
3803:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3685:Ladefoged, Peter
3681:
3675:
3669:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3448:, p. xxxix.
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3335:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3265:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3174:
3165:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2973:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2918:
2912:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2880:
2863:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2793:Rites of Passage
2788:Peter Sculthorpe
2765:
2758:
2747:Yes, I'm alright
2739:
2732:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2679:
2677:akaperte atyinhe
2673:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2609:renhe-atherrenhe
2605:
2598:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2550:
2548:arrekantherrenhe
2543:
2536:
2529:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2382:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2304:
1980:
1871:
1741:Prestopped nasal
1620:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1570:
1550:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1512:
1494:
1477:
1466:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1396:Henderson (2003)
1393:
1386:, and as uvular
1381:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1333:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1290:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1043:Prestopped nasal
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1005:
998:
992:
983:
977:
970:
964:
950:
944:
937:
931:
924:
918:
911:
905:
896:
890:
883:
877:
802:
686:Western Arrarnta
662:Albert Namatjira
552:Central Arrernte
548:Eastern Arrernte
526:as comprising 5
510:
465:Central Arrernte
438:Arandic language
423:
421:[aɾəⁿɖə]
418:
414:
413:
410:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
343:
332:
320:
287:
281:
275:
269:
264: Alyawarr,
263:
258: Arrernte,
257:
243:
226:
219:
212:
202:
195:
188:
179:
159:
143:
106:
39:
21:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7100:
7072:
7035:
7004:
6938:
6902:
6856:
6835:
6814:
6762:
6740:
6697:
6674:Wangka-Yutjurru
6621:
6593:
6561:
6537:
6509:
6486:
6450:
6432:
6405:
6381:
6353:
6285:
6262:
6220:
6196:
6163:
6140:
6082:
6040:
6012:
5978:Dja Dja Wurrung
5959:
5945:
5918:
5894:
5863:
5835:
5782:
5754:
5731:
5698:
5655:
5622:
5585:
5561:
5537:Flinders Island
5520:
5489:
5448:
5427:
5379:
5375:Guugu Yimidhirr
5353:
5332:
5284:
5268:
5234:Arritinngithigh
5219:Adithinngithigh
5203:
5201:Paman languages
5190:
5185:
5155:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5128:
5121:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:mixed languages
4809:
4792:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4678:
4670:
4663:
4652:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4524:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4467:
4462:
4420:
4411:Wayback Machine
4400:Wayback Machine
4389:Wayback Machine
4366:
4364:
4362:
4345:
4340:
4327:
4296:
4294:Further reading
4286:
4269:
4256:
4247:
4238:
4229:
4227:
4214:
4202:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4153:
4145:
4136:
4134:
4133:on 1 April 2020
4121:
4110:
4105:
4092:
4088:(187): 322–339.
4076:
4067:
4065:
4052:
4046:
4033:
4027:
4008:
3999:
3993:
3980:
3971:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3930:Dixon, R. M. W.
3928:
3897:
3892:
3865:
3856:
3850:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3822:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3741:, pp. 2–3.
3737:
3733:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3663:
3657:Pertame Project
3655:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3578:. 22 April 2018
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3460:, p. xvii.
3456:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3204:"Andegerebinha"
3202:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3054:"Ikngerripenhe"
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2956:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2784:
2686:
2671:akaperte ayenge
2606:
2288:
2171:by way of, via
2066:together, with
1956:free word order
1944:
1601:
1557:
1408:
800:
792:
787:
735:
715:
584:people, in the
550:(also known as
488:
446:Arrernte people
434:dialect cluster
416:
391:
387:
357:Without proper
345:
344:
335:
323:
311:
283:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
239:
222:
221:
215:
214:
208:
207:
198:
197:
191:
190:
184:
183:
175:
160:
155:
144:
139:
133:
107:
104:Language family
102:
93:
92:Native speakers
69:Arrernte people
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Aranda language
15:
12:
11:
5:
7163:
7161:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7117:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7082:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6868:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6826:Lower Burdekin
6822:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6764:
6763:
6757:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6711:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6631:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6617:Lower Arrernte
6614:
6609:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6589:Western Desert
6586:
6581:
6575:
6573:
6563:
6562:
6554:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6496:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6419:
6417:
6407:
6406:
6398:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6222:
6221:
6213:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6092:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5955:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5920:
5919:
5911:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5885:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5764:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5587:
5586:
5578:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5413:Kuuk Thaayorre
5410:
5409:
5408:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5141:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5103:
5095:
5093:
5092:Sign languages
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4911:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4855:Light Warlpiri
4851:
4844:
4841:Gurindji Kriol
4837:
4830:
4823:
4815:
4813:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4724:Marrku–Wurrugu
4720:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:Djambarrpuyngu
4641:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:Pitjantjatjara
4618:
4611:
4601:Western Desert
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4559:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
4555:
4548:
4541:
4533:
4527:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4478:
4476:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4418:
4379:
4373:
4360:
4343:
4338:
4325:
4315:
4309:
4308:(Omniglot.com)
4303:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4284:
4267:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4212:
4200:
4187:
4171:
4162:
4143:
4119:
4103:
4090:
4078:Mathews, R. H.
4074:
4050:
4044:
4031:
4025:
4006:
3997:
3991:
3978:
3969:
3963:
3950:
3944:
3926:
3890:
3878:(2): 249–254.
3863:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3799:"Fact Sheet 3"
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3710:
3703:
3689:Maddieson, Ian
3676:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3563:
3538:
3513:
3501:
3490:(3): 261–281.
3474:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3411:
3384:
3357:
3330:
3315:
3285:
3260:
3247:
3222:
3192:
3185:
3151:
3124:
3099:
3072:
3045:
3020:
2995:
2983:
2913:
2897:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2856:Tyurretyerenye
2843:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2805:Andrew Schultz
2801:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2770:See you later
2768:
2767:
2766:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2616:ikwere-atherre
2612:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2534:arrenhantherre
2530:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2368:
2361:
2346:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2221:present tense
2219:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1607:, and adds an
1600:
1597:
1556:
1553:
1545:free variation
1516:
1515:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1416:vowel phonemes
1407:
1404:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1099:
1086:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1025:
1012:
999:
986:
984:
971:
958:
952:
951:
938:
925:
912:
899:
897:
884:
871:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
827:
822:
816:
815:
810:
805:
799:
796:
791:
788:
786:
783:
734:
731:
714:
711:
710:
709:
682:
681:
648:
647:
646:
645:
628:border in the
595:
594:
575:
487:
484:
426:Upper Arrernte
375:
374:
361:, you may see
347:
346:
334:
333:
325:
324:
321:
313:
312:
310:
309:
304:
298:
296:
290:
289:
251:
245:
244:
237:
229:
228:
205:Antekerrepenhe
180:
172:
171:
170:Language codes
167:
166:
161:
154:
151:
150:
145:
141:Writing system
138:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
125:Upper Arrernte
110:
108:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
66:
62:
61:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:Upper Arrernte
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7162:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7130:Alice Springs
7128:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6850:
6846:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6751:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6694:
6691:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6552:
6548:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6512:
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795:
789:
784:
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777:
772:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
732:
730:
727:
726:iltyem-iltyem
722:
720:
713:Sign language
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
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684:
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679:
675:
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668:
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631:
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623:
619:
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604:
603:Andegerebinha
600:
599:
598:
591:
590:Tennant Creek
587:
583:
579:
576:
573:
569:
565:
564:Ikngerripenhe
561:
560:Antekerrepenh
557:
553:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
539:
538:
533:
529:
525:
522:
518:
517:
512:
509:
505:
501:
492:
485:
483:
481:
477:
472:
470:
469:Alice Springs
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
412:
385:
381:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
354:
348:
342:
339:
331:
326:
319:
314:
308:
307:Antekerrepenh
305:
303:
300:
299:
297:
295:
291:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
252:
250:
246:
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206:
203: –
201:
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149:
146:
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136:
126:
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109:
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89:
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78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7000:Anindilyakwa
6760:Pama–Nyungan
6714:Bulloo River
6693:Yandruwandha
6680:Wilson River
6606:
6559:Pama–Nyungan
6471:Yindjilandji
6415:Ngumpin–Yapa
6403:Pama–Nyungan
6344:Yindjibarndi
6309:Martuthunira
6218:Pama–Nyungan
6050:Lower Murray
5916:Pama–Nyungan
5583:Pama–Nyungan
5365:Barrow Point
4746:Pama–Nyungan
4674:(5 families)
4544:
4538:Anindilyakwa
4426:
4365:. Retrieved
4351:
4329:
4273:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4228:. Retrieved
4224:the original
4219:
4207:
4179:. Retrieved
4166:
4154:. Retrieved
4150:
4135:. Retrieved
4131:the original
4126:
4114:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4066:. Retrieved
4062:the original
4057:
4035:
4011:
4001:
3982:
3973:
3954:
3934:
3905:
3901:
3875:
3871:
3858:
3839:
3813:. Retrieved
3806:the original
3793:
3786:Green (2005)
3781:
3774:Green (2005)
3769:
3762:Green (2005)
3757:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3713:
3693:
3679:
3672:Green (2005)
3652:
3640:
3628:
3616:
3604:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3575:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:
3541:
3529:. Retrieved
3525:
3516:
3504:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3472:, p. 6.
3465:
3453:
3441:
3429:. Retrieved
3423:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3369:
3366:"Anmatyerre"
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3342:
3339:"Anmatyerre"
3333:
3318:
3306:. Retrieved
3300:
3276:. Retrieved
3272:
3263:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3207:
3176:
3142:. Retrieved
3136:
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3084:
3075:
3063:. Retrieved
3057:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2986:
2963:
2921:
2916:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2878:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2813:Ted Strehlow
2808:
2791:
2730:Unte mwerre?
2721:Nothing much
2680:'my head').
2663:
2446:anwernekenhe
2375:
2353:
2338:
2297:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2196:
2186:
2176:
2166:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2131:after, from
2126:
2122:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1953:
1608:
1602:
1574:
1558:
1555:Phonotactics
1526:
1519:
1400:
1370:
793:
780:
773:
762:
743:
738:
736:
725:
723:
716:
697:
693:
689:
685:
673:
672:(also spelt
669:
649:
617:
602:
596:
577:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
535:
527:
520:
519:defines the
514:
513:
503:
497:
473:
464:
460:
458:
453:
449:
430:Upper Aranda
429:
425:
383:
379:
378:
350:
288: Akarre
232:
157:Signed forms
124:
112:Pama–Nyungan
47:
36:
7021:Kungarakany
6943:Gunwinyguan
6929:Warndarrang
6729:Barranbinja
6665:Pitta Pitta
6528:Mayi-Kutuna
6492:Kalkatungic
6377:Nyangumarta
6349:Yinhawangka
6159:Ngadjunmaya
6073:Yitha-Yitha
6003:Wemba Wemba
5988:Madhi-Madhi
5983:Ledji-Ledji
5854:Gunaikurnai
5745:Kumbainggar
5506:Mbara-Yanga
5475:Ikarranggal
5323:Wik-Ngathan
5318:Wik-Mungkan
5303:Kugu-Muminh
4834:Cocos Malay
4820:Angloromani
4631:Yolŋu Matha
3908:(1): 1–25.
3633:ULPA search
3509:Kendon 1988
3108:"Home page"
2991:Turpin 2004
2527:arrantherre
2515:mpwelekenhe
2413:ilernekenhe
2322:possessive
2279:imperative
2247:+tye-akenhe
2231:reciprocal
2141:belongs to
2106:similarity
2062:+le-arlenge
2046:instrument
1820:Approximant
1599:Orthography
1282:Approximant
651:Argadargada
618:Ayerrerenge
365:instead of
60:, Australia
7119:Categories
6995:Nunggubuyu
6985:Rembarrnga
6975:Kunbarlang
6919:Mangarrayi
6875:Maningrida
6684:Bundhamara
6670:Wanggamala
6654:Yarluyandi
6523:Mayi-Kulan
6500:Kalkatungu
6477:Warluwarra
6456:Warluwaric
6334:Nyiyaparli
6088:Thura-Yura
6026:Bungandidj
5998:Wathaurong
5880:Bandjalang
5801:Darkinjung
5788:Yuin–Kuric
5768:Gamilaraay
5760:Wiradhuric
5661:Waka–Kabic
5557:Umbindhamu
5423:Yir-Yoront
5407:Ogh-Undjan
5349:Morrobolam
5229:Anguthimri
5224:Andjingith
5061:Indonesian
5008:Vietnamese
4739:Nyulnyulan
4580:Walmajarri
4523:Indigenous
4483:Australian
4393:rare items
4265:: 207–257.
4230:8 December
3470:Kenny 2017
3458:Kenny 2017
3446:Dixon 2002
3425:Ethnologue
3371:Ethnologue
3302:Ethnologue
3186:085883524X
3138:Ethnologue
3133:"Alyawarr"
3086:Ethnologue
3033:Ethnologue
2980:required.)
2890:13 October
2870:References
2596:re-atherre
2432:anwernenhe
2227:+rre/+irre
2211:reflexive
1972:skin group
1968:accusative
1626:Peripheral
1577:suppletive
1541:allophonic
808:Peripheral
798:Consonants
746:Indonesian
674:Anmatyerre
626:Queensland
593:language.)
537:Ethnologue
182:Variously:
81:Ayerrereng
77:Anmatyerre
7091:Gunindiri
7053:Kayardild
6980:Ngalakgan
6965:Kunwinjku
6893:Gurr-goni
6888:Ndjébbana
6805:Ritharrŋu
6709:Baagandji
6505:Yalarnnga
6446:Warumungu
6438:Warumungu
6367:Karajarri
6281:Mantharta
6258:Yinggarda
6187:Natingero
6182:Kalaamaya
6101:Barngarla
6063:Ngayawung
5993:Wadi-Wadi
5957:Kolakngat
5928:Yotayotic
5849:Dhudhuroa
5841:Gippsland
5821:Ngunnawal
5811:Dhanggati
5778:Wiradjuri
5773:Ngiyambaa
5704:Durubalic
5679:Gabi-Gabi
5669:Barunggam
5613:Warrgamay
5595:Dyirbalic
5516:Walangama
5398:Kok Thawa
5393:Koko-Bera
5385:Southwest
5337:Lamalamic
5328:Wik-Ompom
5313:Wik-Me'nh
5273:Northeast
5254:Ndrangith
4922:Cantonese
4782:Yangmanic
4775:Worrorran
4760:Tasmanian
4594:Warumungu
4525:languages
4475:varieties
4382:Published
4322:PARADISEC
4147:"Schools"
3398:Glottolog
3344:Glottolog
3209:Glottolog
3059:Glottolog
3029:"Arandic"
3008:Glottolog
3004:"Arandic"
2656:itnekenhe
2584:ikwerenhe
2558:singular
2501:mpwelenhe
2456:singular
2439:anwerneke
2399:ilernenhe
2330:singular
2251:negative
2056:location
1996:emphasis
1966:, but is
1789:rnt rntw
1783:nth nthw
1780:nty ntyw
1775:ngk ngkw
1762:rtn rtnw
1753:tny tnyw
1748:kng kngw
1680:Retroflex
862:Retroflex
790:Phonology
704:) at the
678:Anmatyerr
670:Anmatyerr
642:Mount Isa
638:Lake Nash
634:Urandangi
630:Headingly
608:Hay River
582:Alyawarra
578:Alyawarra
516:Glottolog
234:Glottolog
177:ISO 639-3
85:Yuruwinga
73:Alyawarre
65:Ethnicity
7135:Arrernte
7026:Wardaman
7016:Gaagudju
6955:Uwinymil
6724:Muruwari
6612:Kaytetye
6607:Arrernte
6400:Northern
6339:Panyjima
6291:Ngayarta
6238:Badimaya
6126:Ngadjuri
6116:Narungga
5973:Bunurong
5941:Yotayota
5913:Southern
5826:Tharawal
5796:Awabakal
5694:Wuliwuli
5689:Wakawaka
5651:Warrongo
5608:Nyawaygi
5547:Kok Narr
5532:Djabugay
5511:Mbabaram
5494:Southern
5418:Kuuk Yak
5358:Yalanjic
5344:Lamalama
5298:Ayabadhu
5239:Awngthim
5075:Japanese
4929:Mandarin
4709:Jarrakan
4702:Iwaidjan
4695:Giimbiyu
4587:Warlpiri
4545:Arrernte
4407:Archived
4396:Archived
4385:Archived
3932:(2002).
3922:57564955
3691:(1996).
3576:ABC News
3393:"Akerre"
3235:Austlang
2959:"Aranda"
2697:English
2694:Arrernte
2684:Examples
2508:mpweleke
2482:ngkwinhe
2475:ngkwenge
2406:ilerneke
2286:Pronouns
2116:towards
1964:ergative
1675:Alveolar
1650:Bilabial
1358:
1328:
1311:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1152:
1139:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1080:
1065:
1052:
1032:
1019:
1006:
993:
978:
965:
945:
932:
919:
906:
891:
878:
857:Alveolar
832:Bilabial
750:Japanese
586:Sandover
532:Kaytetye
504:Arrernte
454:Arrarnta
432:), is a
380:Arrernte
371:Help:IPA
241:aran1263
121:Arrernte
48:Arrernte
7078:Garrwan
7045:Tangkic
7031:Wagiman
6970:Dalabon
6898:Nakkara
6883:Burarra
6650:Ngamini
6645:Mithaka
6635:Arabana
6599:Arandic
6556:Central
6482:Yanyuwa
6468:Bularnu
6428:Ngumbin
6423:Ngarrga
6372:Mangala
6359:Marrngu
6324:Nhuwala
6304:Kurrama
6299:Jurruru
6276:Kanyara
6253:Wajarri
6243:Malgana
6215:Western
6192:Nyungar
6177:Galaagu
6169:Nyungic
6154:Mirning
6146:Mirniny
6136:Wirangu
6068:Yaralde
6058:Keramin
5951:Kulinic
5816:Ngarigo
5727:Turrbal
5722:Nunukul
5646:Kingkel
5636:Bidjara
5618:Wulguru
5603:Dyirbal
5580:Eastern
5501:Agwamin
5485:Thaypan
5480:Takalak
5465:Angkula
5460:Alungul
5453:Thaypan
5444:Kuthant
5439:Kurtjar
5308:Pakanha
5249:Mbiywom
5244:Luthigh
5082:Spanish
5068:Italian
5033:Chinese
4994:Tagalog
4987:Spanish
4980:Punjabi
4966:Maltese
4952:Italian
4915:Chinese
4806:creoles
4802:Pidgins
4786:Wagiman
4784:(incl.
4753:Tangkic
4688:Garrwan
4665:Bunuban
4615:Pintupi
4608:Luritja
4552:Burarra
4473:English
4417:library
4415:AIATSIS
4156:10 June
3832:Sources
3815:13 June
3621:Schools
3582:24 June
3556:24 June
3531:24 June
3484:Oceania
3431:11 June
3404:10 June
3377:11 June
3350:10 June
3308:10 June
3278:12 June
3240:11 June
3215:10 June
3144:10 June
3117:15 June
3092:11 June
3065:10 June
3038:11 June
3013:11 June
2642:itnenhe
2630:plural
2522:plural
2425:anwerne
2420:plural
2380:atyinhe
2372:atyenhe
2365:atyenge
2313:subject
2271:future
2267:+tyenhe
2177:-ntyele
2157:-kwenye
2127:-ipenhe
2112:-atheke
2102:-arteke
2092:-arenye
2086:having
2082:-akerte
1942:Grammar
1903:(u/we)
1898:(i/ey)
1882:Central
1861:rr rrw
1814:rl rlw
1808:lh lhw
1805:ly lyw
1795:Lateral
1786:nt ntw
1772:mp mpw
1759:tn tnw
1745:pm pmw
1735:rn rnw
1729:nh nhw
1726:ny nyw
1721:ng ngw
1708:rt rtw
1702:th thw
1699:ty tyw
1665:Palatal
1638:Laminal
1631:Coronal
1585:nucleus
1563:and no
1445:Central
1217:Lateral
847:Palatal
820:Laminal
813:Coronal
767:and at
758:Chinese
754:Spanish
702:Pertame
660:Artist
612:extinct
521:Arandic
480:extinct
461:Eastern
436:in the
367:Unicode
249:AIATSIS
117:Arandic
7096:Waanyi
7086:Garrwa
7063:Minkin
7058:Lardil
6990:Ngandi
6950:Jawoyn
6831:Bindal
6800:Djinaŋ
6795:Djinba
6785:Dhuwal
6758:Other
6736:Yardli
6640:Diyari
6627:Karnic
6584:Wanman
6579:Ngardi
6533:Ngawun
6464:Wagaya
6329:Nyamal
6314:Ngarla
6248:Nhanda
6131:Nukunu
6111:Kuyani
6106:Kaurna
5890:Yidiny
5875:Anewan
5806:Dharug
5750:Yaygir
5717:Janday
5674:Dappil
5542:Gugadj
5432:Norman
5403:Kunjen
5280:Umpila
5264:Uradhi
5259:Ngkoth
5100:Auslan
5047:German
5040:French
5026:Arabic
4973:Nepali
4959:Korean
4908:Arabic
4862:Norfuk
4732:Mirndi
4638:Dhuwal
4521:Major
4367:15 May
4358:
4336:
4282:
4216:"LAAL"
4181:9 June
4137:9 June
4068:9 June
4042:
4023:
3989:
3961:
3942:
3920:
3846:
3821:
3701:
3273:Bonzle
3183:
2649:itneke
2577:ikwere
2494:mpwele
2468:ngenhe
2392:ilerne
2358:ayenhe
2350:ayenge
2335:ayenge
2319:dative
2316:object
2310:number
2307:person
2257:+tyeke
2237:+tyale
2187:-werne
2167:-mpele
2147:-ketye
2137:-kenhe
2123:iperre
2012:+eyewe
1986:gloss
1983:suffix
1670:Dental
1660:Uvular
1643:Apical
1581:Stress
1565:onsets
1406:Vowels
1372:/ɰ~ʁ̞/
852:Dental
842:Uvular
825:Apical
690:Akerre
556:Akarre
528:Aranda
450:Arunta
384:Aranda
338:UNESCO
54:Region
7009:Other
6960:Waray
6934:Yugul
6924:Marra
6914:Alawa
6819:Other
6810:Nhaŋu
6790:Djaŋu
6780:Dhaŋu
6772:Yolŋu
6702:Other
6660:Ngura
6230:Kartu
6018:Drual
5965:Kulin
5868:Other
5831:Wormi
5712:Guwar
5628:Maric
5525:Other
5212:North
5054:Greek
4945:Hindi
4938:Greek
4848:Kriol
4427:Trove
4111:(PDF)
3918:S2CID
3898:(PDF)
3809:(PDF)
3802:(PDF)
3173:(pdf)
2974:
2820:Notes
2798:Latin
2704:werte
2591:dual
2570:renhe
2489:dual
2387:dual
2201:past
2181:from
2076:from
1877:Front
1847:Trill
1837:r rw
1830:y yw
1811:l lw
1732:n nw
1718:m mw
1714:Nasal
1705:t tw
1694:k kw
1691:p pw
1655:Velar
1561:codas
1440:Front
1392:]
1388:[
1380:]
1376:[
956:Nasal
837:Velar
148:Latin
6571:Wati
6515:Mayi
6121:Nauo
6078:Yuyu
5641:Biri
5001:Urdu
4768:Tiwi
4672:Daly
4573:Tiwi
4402:and
4369:2019
4356:ISBN
4334:ISBN
4280:ISBN
4232:2019
4183:2019
4158:2019
4139:2019
4070:2019
4040:ISBN
4021:ISBN
3987:ISBN
3959:ISBN
3940:ISBN
3844:ISBN
3817:2009
3699:ISBN
3584:2024
3558:2024
3533:2024
3433:2019
3406:2019
3379:2019
3352:2019
3323:C8.1
3310:2019
3280:2019
3242:2019
3217:2019
3181:ISBN
3146:2019
3119:2019
3094:2019
3067:2019
3040:2019
3015:2019
2892:2022
2711:ware
2635:itne
2461:unte
2207:+lhe
2072:+nge
2026:for
2002:+ewe
1992:+aye
1894:High
1887:Back
1687:Stop
1531:and
1522:/əa/
1457:High
1450:Back
1414:The
1183:ⁿd̪ʷ
1096:ᵗn̪ʷ
869:Stop
756:and
696:and
588:and
267:C8.1
5290:Wik
4808:and
3910:doi
3880:doi
3492:doi
2674:or
2343:the
2217:+me
2197:+ke
2191:to
2052:+le
2042:+le
2032:+le
2022:+ke
1960:SOV
1923:Low
1909:Mid
1843:Tap
1605:/ə/
1569:/ə/
1549:/ə/
1533:/ə/
1529:/a/
1502:Low
1484:Mid
1428:/ə/
1424:/u/
1394:by
1382:by
1339:Tap
1248:l̪ʷ
1209:ⁿɖʷ
1196:ⁿdʷ
1177:ⁿd̪
1170:ᶮɟʷ
1155:ᵑɡʷ
1142:ᵐbʷ
1122:ᵗɳʷ
1109:ᵗnʷ
1090:ᵗn̪
1083:ᶜɲʷ
1068:ᵏŋʷ
1055:ᵖmʷ
1009:n̪ʷ
922:t̪ʷ
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