432:
403:, vol. 1 originally published in Tiflis, 1917; vols. 2 and 3, Yerevan, 1946–1947; republished in 1966–73). His work traces Armenian history from its beginnings until the end of the nineteenth century, with the exception of the period stretching from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries (the third volume begins with the sixteenth century, whereas the second volume ends in the eleventh). It devotes particular importance to the political, cultural and social issues that surrounded Armenian life and the role that Armenia's neighbors played in the country's history. Leo's
422:. These works included short stories, novels, and plays, almost all dating to the earlier part of his career. For Leo, literature was more important as a means of moral and intellectual education than as a form of artistic expression. The usual theme of his short works is the backwardness and misery of Armenian rural life. His stories set in cities depict the injustices of the capitalist system. A few of his short stories and his novel
386:
219:. He was one of several children of Grigor Babakhanian, a tailor (later bellringer) of modest means. He graduated from the local school in Shusha in 1878. Due to the death of his father in 1879, Leo was unable to attend university and began working to support his family. He took up several jobs in Shusha and
783:
320:
Leo never received a higher education and his knowledge and erudition was almost entirely self-taught. He first began to write in the late 1870s. Over the years, he wrote for various
Armenian newspapers and journals, such as
376:). From about 1880 to 1900, Leo mostly wrote works of fiction, reviews, and articles on contemporary issues, whereas from 1900 onward, he focused on writing history. In 1901–1902, he published a two-volume work titled
418:
Besides his historical and social-political writings, Leo also wrote some literary criticism, translations of
European authors, and a number of fictional works in the style of
942:
431:
947:
797:
308:
in 1924. In 1925, he was granted the rank of professor and made a member of the
Academy of Science and Art of the Armenian SSR, the predecessor to the republic's
272:, joining it in 1917. Soviet sources, however, claim that Leo was not affiliated with any political party. He was an adviser an adviser to the delegation of the
277:
195:. He is best known for authoring a multi-volume work on the history of Armenia. Leo adopted a critical stance in examining some of the most important issues in
962:
957:
937:
42:
819:
Nersisian, M. (1966). "Prof․ Leoyi patmagitakan zharangut῾yune" [Prof. Leo's
Historical Heritage]. In Grigorian, Z.; et al. (eds.).
284:
in March 1918. He served as the president of the
Karabakh Armenian Patriotic Association from 1918 to 1920. In 1919, during the existence of the
304:
in 1920 and offered his services to the newly established state. He was invited to lecture in history and other subjects in
Armenian studies at
382:(Armenian printing), which studies the cultural, intellectual and political life of Armenians between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.
309:
407:
is valued for its extensive use of primary and secondary sources and for its engaging and understandable style. After Soviet
Russian writer
850:
762:
727:
259:
465:
411:
visited
Yerevan in 1960, he remarked that "he did not enter any house which did not have the familiar three volumes of Leo's
159:
932:
774:
229:("Plough"). He first began to write in the late 1870s. From 1895 to 1906, Leo worked as a journalist and secretary in
967:
952:
907:
285:
305:
192:
135:
312:. Leo continued to teach, research and write until his sudden death. He died in Yerevan on 14 November 1932.
269:
805:
838:
292:
to participate as a guest lecturer in the public educational program organized by
Minister of Education
927:
922:
820:
273:
791:
248:
196:
809:
846:
758:
746:
739:
723:
167:
151:
436:
361:
212:
125:
365:
293:
255:, although he returned to Tiflis a year later and dedicated himself to his academic work.
41:
755:
The
Heritage of Armenian Literature, vol. 3: From the Eighteenth Century to Modern Times
719:
A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500–1920: With an Introductory History
753:
Hacikyan, Agop J.; Franchuk, Edward S.; Basmajian, Gabriel; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2005).
419:
352:
216:
66:
916:
717:
297:
223:
as a notary's clerk, telegraph operator, and the manager of a printing house called
572:
570:
568:
566:
491:
489:
408:
252:
92:
88:
385:
17:
162:
2 April] 1860 – 14 November 1932), commonly known by his pen name
903:
188:
180:
177:
440:
301:
289:
281:
84:
27:
Armenian historian, publicist, writer, critic and professor (1860-1932)
772:
Harutyunian, Sh.; Ohanian, A. (1978). "Leo". In Simonian, Abel (ed.).
811:
The Republic of Armenia, vol. 2: From Versailles to London, 1919-1920
230:
208:
184:
62:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
833:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan hratarakch῾ut῾yun. pp. v–xv.
700:
576:
495:
430:
384:
236:
199:, literature and contemporary problems of the early 20th century.
220:
741:
Caucasus: A Journey to the Land between Christianity and Islam
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
389:
Stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of Leo's birthday.
639:
637:
612:
610:
608:
606:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
893:. 10 volumes. Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1966–1973.
428:(The melik's daughter) are set in his native Karabakh.
423:
398:
377:
370:
350:
344:
338:
331:
323:
263:
242:
234:
224:
360:
He was influenced by the liberal nationalist writers
782:] (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Yerevan. pp.
258:
Politically, Leo was opposed to the policies of the
131:
121:
99:
73:
48:
32:
883:, 2 vols. Paris: Tpagr. Pahri Eghbarts, 1934–1935.
738:
557:
507:
881:Tʻiwrkʻahay heghapʻokhutʻean gaghapʻarabanutʻiwne
241:("Tiller"). Leo would later become the editor of
745:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.
233:for the influential Armenian-language newspaper
393:Leo's most noteworthy work is his three-volume
873:. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1969.
469:
278:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
207:Leo was born on 14 April 1860 in the city of
8:
814:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
628:
247:in 1918. In 1906, he began teaching at the
943:Academic staff of Yerevan State University
796:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
688:
280:during its negotiations with the Ottomans
268:) political party and was a member of the
40:
29:
871:Leoyi gegharvestakan steghtsagortsutʻyune
655:
643:
616:
528:
948:Armenian people from the Russian Empire
667:
485:
458:
789:
597:
822:Leo․ Erkeri Zhoghovatsu. arajin hator
7:
757:. Detroit: Wayne State University.
716:Bardakjian, Kevork B., ed. (2000).
963:Historians from the Russian Empire
25:
843:Armenia: The Survival of a Nation
260:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
958:20th-century Armenian historians
938:19th-century Armenian historians
845:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
827:Leo: Collected Works, volume one
722:. Wayne State University Press.
775:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
215:, which was then a part of the
558:Harutyunian & Ohanian 1978
508:Harutyunian & Ohanian 1978
1:
780:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
424:
399:
378:
371:
351:
345:
339:
332:
324:
264:
243:
235:
225:
984:
737:Griffin, Nicholas (2004).
148:Arakel Grigori Babakhanian
908:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
470:
286:First Republic of Armenia
211:/Shushi in the region of
171:
156:Առաքել Գրիգորի Բաբախանյան
155:
141:
114:
39:
306:Yerevan State University
193:Yerevan State University
136:Yerevan State University
806:Hovannisian, Richard G.
471:Լէօ (Առաքել Բաբախանեան)
270:Armenian Populist Party
444:
390:
839:Walker, Christopher J
466:Classical orthography
434:
388:
158:; 14 April [
701:Hacikyan et al. 2005
577:Hacikyan et al. 2005
496:Hacikyan et al. 2005
379:Haykakan tpagrut’yun
213:Mountainous Karabakh
933:Writers from Shusha
891:Yerkeri zhoghovatsu
310:Academy of Sciences
296:. Leo welcomed the
445:
413:History of Armenia
400:Patmut’yun Hayots’
395:History of Armenia
391:
249:Gevorgian Seminary
108:Hayots' Patmut'yun
104:History of Armenia
34:Arakel Babakhanian
18:Arakel Babakhanian
968:Soviet historians
145:
144:
116:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
975:
953:Soviet Armenians
888:
878:
868:
856:
834:
832:
815:
801:
795:
787:
768:
749:
744:
733:
704:
698:
692:
686:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
632:
629:Hovannisian 1982
626:
620:
614:
601:
595:
580:
574:
561:
555:
532:
526:
511:
505:
499:
493:
474:
473:
472:
463:
437:Komitas Pantheon
427:
402:
381:
374:
368:(the founder of
356:
348:
342:
335:
327:
267:
265:Dashnakts’ut’yun
246:
240:
228:
197:Armenian history
173:
157:
126:Armenian studies
80:
77:14 November 1932
58:
56:
44:
30:
21:
983:
982:
978:
977:
976:
974:
973:
972:
913:
912:
900:
886:
876:
869:Ohanian, A. K.
866:
863:
861:Further reading
853:
837:
830:
818:
804:
788:
771:
765:
752:
736:
730:
715:
712:
707:
699:
695:
689:Bardakjian 2000
687:
674:
666:
662:
658:, p. viii.
654:
650:
642:
635:
627:
623:
615:
604:
596:
583:
575:
564:
556:
535:
527:
514:
506:
502:
494:
487:
483:
478:
477:
464:
460:
455:
450:
435:Leo's grave at
425:Melik’i aghjikë
366:Grigor Artsruni
318:
294:Nikol Aghbalian
205:
95:
82:
78:
69:
60:
54:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
981:
979:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
915:
914:
911:
910:
899:
898:External links
896:
895:
894:
884:
874:
862:
859:
858:
857:
851:
835:
816:
802:
769:
763:
750:
734:
728:
711:
708:
706:
705:
703:, p. 508.
693:
691:, p. 192.
672:
670:, p. 140.
660:
656:Nersisian 1966
648:
646:, p. vii.
644:Nersisian 1966
633:
631:, p. 312.
621:
617:Nersisian 1966
602:
600:, p. 430.
581:
579:, p. 506.
562:
560:, p. 566.
533:
529:Nersisian 1966
512:
500:
498:, p. 507.
484:
482:
479:
476:
475:
457:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
353:Handes Amsorya
317:
314:
288:, Leo visited
217:Russian Empire
204:
201:
187:, critic, and
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
112:
111:
101:
100:Known for
97:
96:
83:
81:(aged 72)
75:
71:
70:
67:Russian Empire
61:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
980:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
918:
909:
905:
902:
901:
897:
892:
887:(in Armenian)
885:
882:
877:(in Armenian)
875:
872:
867:(in Armenian)
865:
864:
860:
854:
852:0-312-04230-2
848:
844:
840:
836:
828:
824:
823:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
793:
785:
781:
777:
776:
770:
766:
764:0-8143-3221-8
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:
742:
735:
731:
729:9780814327470
725:
721:
720:
714:
713:
709:
702:
697:
694:
690:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
661:
657:
652:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
619:, p. vi.
618:
613:
611:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
480:
467:
462:
459:
452:
447:
442:
438:
433:
429:
426:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
401:
396:
387:
383:
380:
375:
373:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
347:
341:
336:
334:
328:
326:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:sovietization
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
261:
256:
254:
250:
245:
239:
238:
232:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
202:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
169:
165:
161:
153:
149:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:) (3 volumes)
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:14 April 1860
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
890:
880:
870:
842:
826:
821:
810:
779:
773:
754:
740:
718:
696:
668:Griffin 2004
663:
651:
624:
531:, p. v.
503:
461:
417:
412:
409:Andrei Bitov
404:
394:
392:
369:
357:
330:
322:
319:
257:
206:
174:
163:
147:
146:
132:Institutions
115:
107:
103:
93:Soviet Union
89:Armenian SSR
79:(1932-11-14)
928:1932 deaths
923:1860 births
598:Walker 1990
917:Categories
448:References
333:Ardzagank’
176:), was an
55:1860-04-14
792:cite book
481:Citations
253:Ejmiatsin
203:Biography
189:professor
181:historian
841:(1990).
808:(1982).
178:Armenian
168:Armenian
152:Armenian
906:in The
710:Sources
441:Yerevan
420:realism
405:History
340:Armenia
302:Armenia
290:Yerevan
282:Trabzon
276:of the
85:Yerevan
849:
829:]
761:
726:
349:, and
316:Career
231:Tiflis
209:Shusha
185:writer
122:Fields
63:Shusha
889:Leo.
879:Leo.
831:(PDF)
825:[
786:–567.
778:[
453:Notes
372:Mshak
362:Raffi
346:Murch
325:Mshak
244:Mshak
237:Mshak
847:ISBN
798:link
759:ISBN
724:ISBN
364:and
274:Seim
226:Aror
221:Baku
160:O.S.
74:Died
49:Born
904:Leo
784:566
439:in
415:."
300:of
251:at
191:at
172:Լեո
164:Leo
919::
794:}}
790:{{
675:^
636:^
605:^
584:^
565:^
536:^
515:^
488:^
468::
343:,
337:,
329:,
183:,
170::
154::
91:,
87:,
65:,
855:.
800:)
767:.
748:.
732:.
510:.
443:.
397:(
358:.
262:(
166:(
150:(
106:(
57:)
53:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
