711:
31:
312:
deliberately use their body as a means to protect themselves from falls. The
Arboreal Salamander has shown the ability to use its limbs to glide or parachute when falling. This behavior has been observed in which the Arboreal Salamander uses its body to create a controlled and directional fall to minimize injury when climbing trees. This aerial behavior is thought to be the result of generations of salamanders having to adapt to falling from their habitat. A large adult can inflict a painful bite. Arboreal Salamanders hatch from eggs laid and guarded in burrows. Hatchling size is 24 mm SVL, age at maturity is 2.69 yr, and average adult age is 8–11 yr. Annual survival probability increases with age from 0.363 in age 0 to 0.783 in ages >4 yr.
319:(plethodontidae) salamanders they are lungless and breathe through their skin and membranes in their mouth and throat. Consequently, they thrive in moist terrestrial habitats, limiting their terrestrial activity to periods of elevated humidity. They spend most of their time under leaf litter of the forest ground, and during summer inside tree cavities to stay moist. This species have relatively low rates of water loss, possibly because of their rapid water intake and postural adaptation of curled body and tightly coiled tail. They can produce sounds which have been compared to a faintly barking dog.
357:
75:
369:
50:
311:
This species is an excellent climber and difficult to capture. It is nocturnal, spending daylight hours and dry periods in the cavities of oak trees, often with many other individuals of its species. Having their primary habitat being in the trees, Arboreal
Salamanders have been observed to
308:. The juvenile is dark overall, clouded with greyish color and fine yellow speckling on the back. The male of this species can be distinguished by its broad triangular head, with the front teeth of the jaw extending beyond the bottom lip. A large adult can inflict a painful bite.
637:
Lee, Derek E.; Bettaso, James B.; Bond, Monica L.; Bradley, Russell W.; Tietz, James R.; Warzybok, Peter M. (2012). "Growth, age at maturity, and age-specific survival of the arboreal salamander (
1080:
744:
903:
30:
955:
1045:
455:
1070:
1060:
877:
304:
with gold or yellow, although it may also be unspotted. This salamander has longer and sharper teeth than many others within the group. The tail is
916:
830:
1075:
512:
368:
345:
These subspecies have been proposed in the past due to genetic and morphological differences, but they are not currently recognized.
605:"Direct development in the lungless salamanders: what are the consequences for developmental biology, evolution and phylogenesis?"
196:
687:
356:
825:
921:
1055:
1065:
838:
960:
300:
is 6.5–10 cm (2.6–3.9 in) SVL (snout-vent length), with plain purplish-brown coloring, usually spotted
74:
488:
765:
994:
843:
375:
179:
803:
563:
864:
754:
262:
156:
39:
947:
1012:
666:
419:
205:
69:
999:
908:
981:
851:
658:
616:
585:
749:
1050:
650:
575:
414:
301:
1022:
986:
934:
968:
328:
305:
274:
146:
136:
1039:
929:
562:
Brown, Christian E.; Sathe, Erik A.; Dudley, Robert; Deban, Stephen M. (2022-05-23).
405:
396:
59:
54:
670:
604:
316:
856:
738:
1007:
942:
890:
812:
797:
266:
580:
270:
126:
788:
662:
620:
589:
286:
116:
86:
739:
A Field Guide to the
Reptiles and Amphibians of Coastal Southern California
973:
782:
282:
106:
882:
817:
895:
96:
759:
654:
464:
Amphibian
Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0
442:
Description of a new species of
Salamander from Upper California
869:
763:
278:
444:. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 126.
552:. Los Angeles: University of California Press. 56-7.
513:"Arboreal Salamander - National Wildlife Federation"
772:
539:. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.
395:Parra-Olea, G.; Wake, D.; Hammerson, G.A. (2008).
564:"Gliding and parachuting by arboreal salamanders"
1081:Taxa named by Edward Hallowell (herpetologist)
609:International Journal of Developmental Biology
641:) on Southeast Farallon Island, California".
537:Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles
8:
420:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T59118A11884773.en
760:
550:Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California
48:
29:
20:
579:
418:
750:Caudata Culture Entry - Aneides lugubris
489:"Arboreal Salamander - Aneides lugubris"
277:, where it is primarily associated with
387:
352:
682:
680:
632:
630:
7:
483:
481:
466:. American Museum of Natural History
1046:IUCN Red List least concern species
603:Wake, D B; Hanken, J (2004-07-01).
406:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
535:Lynch, J.F. and D.B. Wake. 1974.
1071:Extant Miocene first appearances
712:"AmphibiaWeb - Aneides lugubris"
367:
355:
73:
1061:Amphibians of the United States
737:Fisher, R. N. and T. J. Case. "
745:AmphibiaWeb - Aneides lugubris
1:
1076:Amphibians described in 1849
692:National Wildlife Federation
374:Albino individual found in
1097:
581:10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.033
454:Frost, Darrel R. (2015).
440:Hallowell, Edward. 1849.
211:
204:
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
755:California Herps Profile
548:Grismer, L. L. (2002).
493:www.californiaherps.com
643:Journal of Herpetology
218:Hallowell, 1849 "1848"
995:Paleobiology Database
688:"Arboreal Salamander"
413:: e.T59118A11884773.
376:Lafayette, California
285:woodlands, and thick
231:Ambystoma punctulatum
1056:Amphibians of Mexico
341:(Van Denburgh, 1905)
335:(Van Denburgh, 1905)
24:Arboreal salamander
16:Species of amphibian
1066:Fauna of California
333:A. l. farallonensis
263:climbing salamander
253:arboreal salamander
239:Plethodon crassulus
215:Salamandra lugubris
40:Conservation status
460:(Hallowell, 1849)"
269:, it is native to
261:) is a species of
223:Triton tereticauda
1033:
1032:
982:Open Tree of Life
766:Taxon identifiers
574:(10): R453–R454.
315:Because they are
249:
248:
243:
235:
227:
226:Eschscholtz, 1833
219:
63:
1088:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1003:
1002:
990:
989:
977:
976:
964:
963:
951:
950:
938:
937:
925:
924:
912:
911:
899:
898:
886:
885:
873:
872:
860:
859:
847:
846:
834:
833:
831:Aneides-lugubris
821:
820:
808:
807:
806:
804:Aneides lugubris
793:
792:
791:
774:Aneides lugubris
761:
726:
725:
723:
722:
708:
702:
701:
699:
698:
684:
675:
674:
639:Aneides lugubris
634:
625:
624:
600:
594:
593:
583:
559:
553:
546:
540:
533:
527:
526:
524:
523:
509:
503:
502:
500:
499:
485:
476:
475:
473:
471:
458:Aneides lugubris
451:
445:
438:
432:
431:
429:
427:
422:
399:Aneides lugubris
392:
371:
359:
298:Aneides lugubris
258:Aneides lugubris
241:
233:
225:
217:
191:
189:Aneides lugubris
171:A. lugubris
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1006:
998:
993:
985:
980:
972:
969:Observation.org
967:
959:
954:
946:
941:
933:
928:
920:
915:
907:
902:
894:
889:
881:
876:
868:
863:
855:
850:
842:
837:
829:
824:
816:
811:
802:
801:
796:
787:
786:
781:
768:
734:
729:
720:
718:
716:amphibiaweb.org
710:
709:
705:
696:
694:
686:
685:
678:
636:
635:
628:
602:
601:
597:
568:Current Biology
561:
560:
556:
547:
543:
534:
530:
521:
519:
511:
510:
506:
497:
495:
487:
486:
479:
469:
467:
453:
452:
448:
439:
435:
425:
423:
394:
393:
389:
385:
378:
372:
363:
360:
351:
329:Farallon Island
325:
295:
275:Baja California
200:
193:
187:
174:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1004:
991:
978:
965:
952:
939:
926:
913:
900:
887:
874:
861:
848:
835:
822:
809:
794:
778:
776:
770:
769:
764:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
733:
732:External links
730:
728:
727:
703:
676:
655:10.1670/10-282
626:
595:
554:
541:
528:
504:
477:
446:
433:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
373:
366:
364:
361:
354:
350:
347:
343:
342:
339:A. l. lugubris
336:
324:
321:
294:
291:
247:
246:
245:
244:
236:
228:
220:
209:
208:
202:
201:
194:
183:
182:
176:
175:
168:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
147:Plethodontinae
144:
140:
139:
137:Plethodontidae
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1093:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
970:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
923:
918:
914:
910:
905:
901:
897:
892:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
845:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
819:
814:
810:
805:
799:
795:
790:
784:
780:
779:
777:
775:
771:
767:
762:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
740:
736:
735:
731:
717:
713:
707:
704:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
599:
596:
591:
587:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
558:
555:
551:
545:
542:
538:
532:
529:
518:
514:
508:
505:
494:
490:
484:
482:
478:
465:
461:
459:
450:
447:
443:
437:
434:
421:
416:
412:
408:
407:
402:
400:
391:
388:
382:
377:
370:
365:
358:
353:
348:
346:
340:
337:
334:
331:salamander –
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
318:
313:
309:
307:
303:
299:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:
254:
240:
237:
232:
229:
224:
221:
216:
213:
212:
210:
207:
203:
198:
192:
190:
184:
181:
180:Binomial name
177:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
773:
719:. Retrieved
715:
706:
695:. Retrieved
691:
649:(1): 64–71.
646:
642:
638:
612:
608:
598:
571:
567:
557:
549:
544:
536:
531:
520:. Retrieved
516:
507:
496:. Retrieved
492:
468:. Retrieved
463:
457:
449:
441:
436:
424:. Retrieved
410:
404:
398:
390:
344:
338:
332:
317:plethodontid
314:
310:
297:
296:
257:
256:
252:
250:
238:
230:
222:
214:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
18:
1008:SeaLifeBase
943:NatureServe
891:iNaturalist
813:AmphibiaWeb
798:Wikispecies
517:www.nwf.org
426:19 November
293:Description
267:insectivore
143:Subfamily:
1040:Categories
721:2023-10-25
697:2023-10-25
522:2016-03-01
498:2016-03-01
383:References
323:Subspecies
306:prehensile
271:California
242:Cope, 1886
234:Gray, 1850
663:0022-1511
621:0214-6282
590:0960-9822
470:20 August
287:chaparral
197:Hallowell
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
948:2.100852
909:10691538
783:Wikidata
741:." USGS.
671:86315867
302:dorsally
283:sycamore
206:Synonyms
133:Family:
117:Amphibia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1051:Aneides
883:2431711
789:Q373980
349:Gallery
199:, 1849)
158:Aneides
153:Genus:
127:Urodela
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1020:uBio:
1000:393919
974:201641
922:173703
870:331531
669:
661:
619:
588:
1023:25774
1013:61439
987:64142
961:57541
935:59118
904:IRMNG
896:27427
844:25074
667:S2CID
615:(4).
362:Adult
265:. An
956:NCBI
930:IUCN
917:ITIS
878:GBIF
857:DW5C
839:BOLD
818:3938
659:ISSN
617:ISSN
586:ISSN
472:2015
428:2021
411:2008
281:and
273:and
251:The
865:EoL
852:CoL
826:ASW
651:doi
576:doi
415:doi
279:oak
1042::
1010::
997::
984::
971::
958::
945::
932::
919::
906::
893::
880::
867::
854::
841::
828::
815::
800::
785::
714:.
690:.
679:^
665:.
657:.
647:46
645:.
629:^
613:40
611:.
607:.
584:.
572:32
570:.
566:.
515:.
491:.
480:^
462:.
409:.
403:.
289:.
724:.
700:.
673:.
653::
623:.
592:.
578::
525:.
501:.
474:.
456:"
430:.
417::
401:"
397:"
255:(
195:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
