1850:
1841:
1811:
1832:
1823:
1537:, Karbala symbolizes the eternal struggle between good and evil, the pinnacle of self-sacrifice, and the ultimate sabotage of Muhammad's prophetic mission. Historically, the event served to crystallize the Shia community into a distinct sect and remains an integral part of their religious identity to date. Ashura to Arba'in is thus a period of mourning for Shia Muslims, particularly the first ten days of Muharram and Arba'in. On the one hand, Shia mourners hope to share in the pain of Husayn to benefit from his intercession on the
1743:), who favored the Sunni community there, and viewed large Shia rituals as a political threat. The pilgrimage was revived soon after the deposal of Saddam in 2003, with numbers growing from two million participants in that year to around twenty million in 2014. Arba'in is also commemorated through mourning gatherings, dramatic reenactments of Karbala narratives, and charitable acts. As with Ashura, Arba'in can be an occasion for
42:
3438:
3462:
1256:
3450:
1624:), a companion of Muhammad, who had learned about the death of Husayn through a divine sign. This story was repeated by many authors after Ibn Tawus, even though several scholars before Ibn Tawus report only the Arba'in pilgrimage of Jabir. The veracity of Ibn Tawus' account has therefore been questioned by some, including the Shia scholar
1722:
to
Karbala, as many pilgrims first travel to Najaf and then walk from there to Karbala, some eighty kilometers away, which usually takes three days on foot. Along the way, volunteers provide the pilgrims with free meals and services. Indeed, some have considered generosity and hospitality to be the
1597:
In Shia Islam, similar traditions are linked to Arba'in, the fortieth of Husayn. Thus the earth and skies are said to have wept for Husayn for forty days after his death, and the sun became unusually red in that period at dawn and dusk. By some accounts, the body of Husayn, who was decapitated, was
1674:
Risking the
Umayyads' wrath, commemoration of Karbala was initially small and private. In particular, pilgrimage to Karbala remained limited and precarious in this period. Soon after the Umayyads fell, however, Shia imams worked to institutionalize the Ashura and Arba'in pilgrimages to the tomb of
1849:
1585:
took place on his fortieth, and that the gates of heaven open for a righteous person forty days after their death. On the other hand, the fortieth marks the end of the period of grief in
Islamic tradition. It is thus said that Heaven grieves the death of a righteous person for forty days, that
1598:
reunited with his head and buried in
Karbala on Arba'in. Yet it is commonly thought that Husayn and his companions were buried by residents of nearby al-Ghadiriyya village when the Umayyad army left Karbala. Probably by combining the accounts available to him, the Shia scholar
1387:, and its commemoration is rooted in early Islamic funerary traditions. Shia Muslims annually observe the day through mourning gatherings, dramatic reenactments of Karbala narratives, and charitable acts. Arba'in is also a day of
1840:
1375:
historians as impious and immoral. In Shia Islam, Karbala symbolizes the eternal struggle between good and evil, the pinnacle of self-sacrifice, and the ultimate sabotage of
Muhammad's prophetic mission.
1810:
338:
2360:
1831:
1822:
1561:, and commemorating the dead forty days after their death is a long-standing Islamic tradition, dating back to the early Islamic period. On the one hand, the fortieth (
343:
1874:
1419:, has grown after his deposal in 2003 from two million participants in that year to around twenty million in 2014. As with Ashura, Arba'in can be an occasion for
3098:
Pinault, D. (2000). "Zaynab bin 'Ali and the Place of the Women of the
Households of the First Imāms in Shī'īte Devotional Literature". In Hambly, G. (ed.).
3272:
2902:
1286:
2440:
2417:
3177:
2356:
348:
2555:
2395:
3240:
3204:
3142:
3107:
3040:
2970:
2932:
2913:
2887:
2806:
2784:
2693:
2642:
2610:
2588:
1732:, a supplication for this occasion. As with other Shia rituals of Karbala, the Arba'in pilgrimage was banned by the Iraqi president
1470:
1331:
737:
599:
548:
225:
1541:. On the other hand, the Shia view mourning for Husayn as an act of protest against oppression, and as such a struggle for God (
3502:
3265:
3088:
2993:
2765:
2528:
1609:) reports another Karbala narrative, according to which Husayn's relatives chose to return via Karbala to their hometown of
1518:. The battle followed failed negotiations and Husayn's refusal to pledge his allegiance to Yazid, who is often portrayed by
3492:
1279:
295:
3428:
3497:
3125:
Theater State and the
Formation of Early Modern Public Sphere in Iran: Studies on Safavid Muharram Rituals, 1590–1641 CE
1510:
river. After the battle, the women and children in Husayn's camp were taken prisoner and marched to the
Umayyad capital
1026:
624:
1723:
main features of the Arba'in pilgrimage. When they finally reach the shrine of Husayn in
Karbala, pilgrims recite the
2842:"The Mourning of History and the History of Mourning: The Evolution of Ritual Commemoration of the Battle of Karbala"
3487:
1625:
1590:
mourned for forty days the death of her father, the
Islamic prophet Muhammad, and that son wept for forty days for
589:
517:
3258:
2775:
Crow, D.K. (2016). "The Death of al-Ḥusayn b. 'Ali and Early Shī'ī Views of the Imamate". In Kohlberg, E. (ed.).
594:
3405:
1675:
Husayn. This attempt is reflected in some of the traditions ascribed to the imams. For instance, the Shia imam
1477:
1338:
1272:
961:
486:
232:
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125:
95:
2621:
2539:
1724:
1705:
1701:
1538:
1388:
1227:
1051:
951:
387:
383:
242:
146:
3347:
2737:
3387:
3372:
3214:
3024:
2749:
1010:
986:
976:
639:
2904:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century
3382:
2876:
2418:"Powerful Explosions Kill More Than 40 Shi'ite Pilgrims in Karbala | Middle East | English"
1436:
1371:). The battle followed Husayn's refusal to pledge his allegiance to Yazid, who is often portrayed by
1006:
923:
634:
614:
609:
604:
580:
541:
353:
176:
77:
3158:
1480:. Husayn, alongside most of his male relatives and his small retinue, were killed on 10 Muharram 61
3482:
2741:
1614:
1317:
1021:
980:
672:
619:
2544:
3183:
3012:
2862:
2724:
1760:
1711:
1392:
1071:
1066:
1036:
1031:
996:
966:
956:
937:
682:
393:
374:
47:
3077:
3029:
2754:
2517:
2463:
1692:) is reported to have listed the Arba'in pilgrimage among the five signs of a true believer.
3454:
3377:
3342:
3236:
3200:
3197:
Female Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam
3173:
3138:
3103:
3084:
3036:
2989:
2982:
2966:
2928:
2909:
2883:
2802:
2780:
2761:
2689:
2638:
2606:
2584:
2551:
2524:
1613:
when they were freed from captivity in Damascus. Upon arrival in Karbala on Arba'in, they met
1493:
1489:
1432:
1358:
1342:
1081:
1046:
1041:
1016:
1001:
991:
946:
928:
780:
398:
310:
2603:
Redemptive Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism
3367:
3327:
3281:
3228:
3165:
3130:
3063:
2942:
2854:
2827:
2794:
2716:
2598:
2576:
1756:
1649:
1636:
1599:
1591:
1481:
1450:
1384:
1350:
1086:
1061:
1056:
971:
903:
864:
775:
761:
732:
481:
364:
333:
158:
116:
107:
86:
1671:). Whatever the case, such narratives may have helped establish Arba'in in Shia culture.
3410:
2897:
1676:
1408:
1308:
1208:
1076:
662:
573:
534:
137:
3223:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
3052:
1506:), having been surrounded for some days and deprived of the drinking water of the nearby
1420:
3067:
2946:
2486:
41:
3362:
3352:
1733:
1466:
1416:
1327:
908:
722:
657:
565:
458:
443:
281:
221:
51:
3219:
3476:
3392:
3317:
3232:
3187:
2866:
2818:
2745:
2666:
2567:
1323:
1232:
1222:
1154:
1124:
1095:
878:
850:
747:
692:
423:
359:
167:
2831:
2580:
1573:) signifies the maturation of the soul of a deceased believer. It is thus said that
3466:
3250:
2958:
1718:. Pilgrims arrive there in large numbers, often on foot. The most popular route is
1655:
1403:. Pilgrims arrive there in large numbers, often on foot, and many from the city of
1341:. Husayn was killed, alongside most of his relatives and his small retinue, in the
1260:
1159:
1149:
712:
629:
522:
463:
264:
198:
3169:
3442:
3332:
3301:
3296:
3153:
2357:"20 Million Shia Muslims Brave Isis by Making Pilgrimage to Karbala for Arbaeen"
1744:
1415:, the first Shia imam. The Arba'in pilgrimage, banned under the Iraqi president
893:
888:
883:
873:
742:
707:
648:
379:
305:
300:
3050:
Pakatchi, A. (2021). "Events of Festivity and Mourning". In Daftary, F. (ed.).
3134:
1534:
1522:
historians as impious and immoral. The fight took place in the desert land of
1485:
1354:
1300:
1237:
1199:
1189:
898:
448:
428:
403:
2858:
2799:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
2653:
1134:
17:
3415:
3118:
1507:
1217:
1194:
810:
800:
2571:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
1869:
805:
1511:
1473:
1462:
1444:
1346:
1334:
1169:
835:
825:
717:
228:
3449:
3123:
1654:, an early and authoritative hadith collection by the Shia traditionist
3357:
3016:
3004:
2728:
1523:
1519:
1496:
1396:
1372:
1361:
1184:
1174:
1144:
1119:
1114:
918:
845:
752:
418:
408:
55:
2841:
2396:"Friday: 46 Iraqis, 1 Syrian Killed; 169 Iraqis Wounded - Antiwar.com"
3337:
3322:
1864:
1610:
1587:
1458:
1440:
1242:
1164:
1129:
913:
840:
830:
820:
815:
790:
727:
697:
677:
504:
453:
433:
369:
315:
217:
2720:
2635:
Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity Among the Daudi Bohras
2319:
2317:
2704:
1719:
1582:
1558:
1544:
1515:
1454:
1404:
1380:
1104:
855:
795:
785:
770:
702:
667:
438:
253:
1530:, whose residents had invited Husayn to lead them against Yazid.
3100:
Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety
2760:. State University of New York Press, Albany. pp. 262–268.
2519:
The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran
1715:
1578:
1574:
1527:
1400:
1179:
1139:
687:
413:
3254:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
3031:
Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam will Shape the Future
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
1412:
1109:
2847:
Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East
1581:
to dispose of his body by burying him, that the ascension of
2797:(2010). "Ashura". In Gordon Melton, J.; Baumann, M. (eds.).
2487:"Hijri to Gregorian Date Converter - Islamic Date Converter"
3079:
The Shiites: Ritual and Popular Piety in a Muslim Community
3005:"An Attempt to Trace the Origin of the Rituals of 'Āshūrā'"
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2244:
2242:
3426:
1568:
243:
Pilgrimage to the shrine of Husayn ibn Ali in Karbala
130:
100:
2947:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali i. Life and Significance in Shi'ism"
1725:
1647:
1562:
1542:
151:
3310:
3289:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1759:, corresponds to a different day every year in the
259:
248:
238:
212:
204:
194:
63:
34:
3218:
3157:
3122:
3076:
3051:
3028:
2981:
2901:
2875:
2840:
2817:
2753:
2679:
2566:
2543:
2516:
181:
2878:Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory
2441:"Blast in crowd kills 41 Shiite pilgrims in Iraq"
3160:Handbook of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Lives
2801:(Second ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. 210–212.
2221:
2185:
1646:). Ayoub adds that Arba'in is not mentioned in
1594:, whose head was cut off and placed on a dish.
344:Sermon of Zaynab bint Ali in the court of Yazid
1875:List of largest peaceful gatherings in history
1465:. In turn, Ashura is the death anniversary of
46:Congregation of worshippers on Arba'in in the
3266:
2756:Shi'ism: Doctrines, Thought, and Spirituality
2381:
2323:
1280:
542:
8:
2394:uberVU – social comments (5 February 2010).
3156:. In Woodward, M.; Lukens-Bull, R. (eds.).
1457:, known as Arba'in, marks forty days after
1407:, some eighty kilometers away, home to the
1322:'fortieth') marks forty days after
3273:
3259:
3251:
2550:. Vol. 2. Praeger. pp. 111–124.
2464:"The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia"
2026:
1893:
1750:
1287:
1273:
560:
549:
535:
272:
40:
31:
3119:"A History of (Safavid) Muharram Rituals"
339:Casualties of Husayn's caravan in Karbala
2540:"The Passion of 'Ashura in Shiite Islam"
2098:
1990:
1765:
1379:Arba'in coincides with the twentieth of
1326:, which is the martyrdom anniversary of
3433:
2984:Islam and Revolution in the Middle East
2705:"Shia Muslim Processional Performances"
2667:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali ii. In Popular Shi'ism"
2272:
2260:
2197:
2074:
2050:
1966:
1886:
1806:
1207:
1094:
936:
863:
760:
647:
579:
572:
280:
73:
2363:from the original on 24 September 2015
2308:
2296:
2209:
2146:
2122:
2014:
2002:
1978:
1942:
1710:Arba'in is a day of pilgrimage to the
2481:
2479:
2477:
2284:
2248:
2233:
2134:
2110:
2086:
2062:
1954:
1930:
1905:
7:
2953:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 493–498.
2673:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 498–502.
2660:. Vol. III/2. pp. 174–177.
2439:Hanun, Abdelamir (5 February 2010).
2342:
2038:
349:Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus
3068:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_05000065
2688:. Facts on File. pp. 250–252.
2628:. Vol. II/3. pp. 275–276.
1755:Arba'in, twentieth of Safar in the
1312:
171:
141:
120:
111:
3220:"(al-)Ḥusayn b. 'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib"
3062:. Translated by Mohammad Poor, D.
2925:The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran
2523:. University of Washington Press.
1552:
25:
1751:Arba'in in the Gregorian calendar
3460:
3448:
3436:
3233:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0304
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1809:
1747:violence against Shia Muslims.
1254:
2832:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0291
2637:. University of Chicago Press.
2581:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23855
2420:. .voanews.com. 5 February 2010
1738:
1501:
1366:
3311:Other holidays and observances
2963:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
1:
3170:10.1007/978-3-319-73653-2_8-2
3035:. W.W. Norton & Company.
2908:(Third ed.). Routledge.
2826:. Translated by Negahban, F.
2738:"Diverse Religious Practices"
1685:
1664:
1421:violence against Shia Muslims
2927:. Harvard University Press.
2816:Haj Manouchehri, F. (2008).
1681:
1660:
1641:
1630:
1619:
1604:
1557:Forty is a sacred number in
3164:. Springer. pp. 1–15.
3129:. Brill. pp. 199–234.
2882:. Oxford University Press.
1726:
1648:
1577:learned on the fortieth of
1569:
1563:
1543:
220:, the death anniversary of
182:
152:
131:
101:
3519:
2542:. In Cornell, V.J. (ed.).
1699:
1430:
1427:Significance in Shia Islam
1383:, the second month of the
1357:) against the army of the
518:Category:Prophecy in Islam
3401:
3154:"Shi'a Islam in Practice"
3135:10.1163/9789004207561_006
2988:. Yale University Press.
2965:. Yale University Press.
2678:Campo, J.E., ed. (2009).
1553:Arba'in in Shia tradition
1526:, en route to the nearby
90:
39:
27:Shia religious observance
2859:10.1215/1089201X-25-1-78
2822:. In Daftary, F. (ed.).
2779:. Taylor & Francis.
1695:
1492:against the army of the
487:The Fourteen Infallibles
2736:Chelkowski, P. (1988).
2703:Chelkowski, P. (1985).
3225:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3083:. St. Martin's Press.
3060:Encyclopaedia Islamica
2839:Hussain, A.J. (2005).
2824:Encyclopaedia Islamica
2573:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2468:webspace.science.uu.nl
2398:. Original.antiwar.com
162:
81:
3503:History of Shia Islam
3388:Promised Reformer Day
2951:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2709:The Drama Review: TDR
2686:Encyclopedia of Islam
2671:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2658:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2626:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2565:Aghaie, K.S. (2013).
2538:Aghaie, K.S. (2007).
2515:Aghaie, K.S. (2004).
1635:) and the Islamicist
3493:Mourning of Muharram
3411:Nation of Islam only
3383:Promised Messiah Day
3075:Pinault, D. (1992).
2923:Kurzman, C. (2009).
2874:Hyder, S.A. (2006).
2665:Calmard, J. (2004).
2652:Calmard, J. (1987).
2620:Ayoub, M.M. (1986).
2568:"'Āshūrā' (Shī'ism)"
2222:Veccia Vaglieri 2012
2186:Haj Manouchehri 2008
1626:Husain Noori Tabarsi
1437:Mourning of Muharram
354:Mourning of Muharram
3498:Islamic terminology
3227:(Second ed.).
3215:Veccia Vaglieri, L.
3152:Szanto, E. (2018).
3117:Rahimi, B. (2012).
3009:Die Welt des Islams
3003:Nakash, Y. (1993).
2980:Munson, H. (1988).
2326:, pp. 211–212.
2137:, pp. 142–143.
1706:Ziyarat of Arba'een
1702:Arba'een Pilgrimage
1615:Jabir ibn Abd Allah
1228:Karagöz and Hacivat
276:Part of a series on
3416:Ahmadi Muslim only
3195:Osman, R. (2014).
2681:"Funerary Rituals"
2633:Blank, J. (2001).
2575:(Third ed.).
2382:Gordon Melton 2010
2324:Gordon Melton 2010
1786:Gregorian calendar
1761:Gregorian calendar
1497:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya
1469:, grandson of the
1362:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya
1330:, grandson of the
663:Azerbaijani carpet
394:Imam Husayn Shrine
375:Azadari in Lucknow
224:, grandson of the
3488:Islamic festivals
3424:
3423:
3343:Laylat al-Raghaib
3179:978-3-319-73653-2
2795:Gordon Melton, J.
2443:. News.smh.com.au
2345:, pp. 18–19.
1800:
1799:
1490:Battle of Karbala
1433:Battle of Karbala
1413:Ali ibn Abi Talib
1343:Battle of Karbala
1321:
1297:
1296:
559:
558:
399:Ziyarat of Ashura
311:Battle of Karbala
271:
270:
216:Forty days after
180:
150:
129:
99:
16:(Redirected from
3510:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3406:Shia Muslim only
3348:Isra' and Mi'raj
3328:Islamic New Year
3282:Islamic holidays
3275:
3268:
3261:
3252:
3246:
3222:
3210:
3191:
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3148:
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2522:
2502:
2501:
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2483:
2472:
2471:
2462:Gent, R.H. van.
2459:
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2207:
2201:
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2183:
2150:
2144:
2138:
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1451:Islamic calendar
1393:shrine of Husayn
1385:Islamic calendar
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1476:and the third
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3199:. Routledge.
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2124:
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2112:
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2099:Pakatchi 2021
2095:
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1991:Madelung 2004
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360:Day of Ashura
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30:
19:
18:Arba'een
3290:The two Eids
3224:
3196:
3159:
3124:
3099:
3078:
3059:
3053:
3030:
3025:Nasr, S.V.R.
3008:
2983:
2962:
2950:
2943:Madelung, W.
2924:
2903:
2877:
2853:(1): 78–88.
2850:
2846:
2823:
2798:
2776:
2755:
2715:(3): 18–30.
2712:
2708:
2685:
2670:
2657:
2634:
2625:
2602:
2572:
2545:
2518:
2494:. Retrieved
2490:
2467:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2389:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2350:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2273:Hussain 2005
2268:
2261:Calmard 2004
2256:
2229:
2217:
2205:
2198:Calmard 1987
2193:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2075:Pinault 1992
2070:
2065:, p. 9.
2058:
2051:Kennedy 2016
2046:
2034:
2022:
2010:
2005:, p. 9.
1998:
1986:
1974:
1967:Pinault 2000
1962:
1950:
1938:
1901:
1889:
1785:
1769:
1754:
1714:in Karbala,
1709:
1673:
1656:Ibn Qulawayh
1596:
1556:
1532:
1448:
1378:
1304:
1298:
1150:Madih nabawi
713:Oriental rug
595:Indo-Islamic
581:Architecture
523:Islam portal
476:Perspectives
464:Rawda Khwani
265:Islamic year
213:Significance
199:Shia Muslims
82:İmamın Qırxı
29:
3353:Mid-Sha'ban
3302:Eid al-Adha
3297:Eid al-Fitr
3011:: 161–181.
2898:Kennedy, H.
2750:Nasr, S.V.R
2746:Dabashi, H.
2599:Ayoub, M.M.
2359:. IBtimes.
2309:Szanto 2018
2297:Nakash 1993
2210:Rahimi 2012
2147:Nakash 1993
2123:Munson 1988
2015:Aghaie 2007
2003:Aghaie 2004
1979:Aghaie 2007
1943:Aghaie 2013
1644: 2021
1633: 1902
1607: 1266
1461:, tenth of
1052:South Asian
952:Azerbaijani
884:Chaand Raat
743:Turkmen rug
673:Calligraphy
590:Azerbaijani
328:Remembrance
306:Ahl al-Kisa
301:Ahl al-Bayt
296:Family tree
239:Observances
78:Azerbaijani
64:Also called
3483:Shia Islam
3477:Categories
3455:Shia Islam
3090:0312079532
2995:0300046049
2767:0887066909
2742:Nasr, S.H.
2654:"'Azādārī"
2530:0295984554
2508:References
2285:Hyder 2006
2249:Ayoub 1978
2234:Momen 1985
2135:Ayoub 1978
2111:Blank 2001
2087:Osman 2014
2063:Hyder 2006
1955:Momen 1985
1931:Ayoub 1986
1906:Momen 1985
1730:of Arba'in
1700:See also:
1689: 874
1668: 978
1622: 697
1535:Shia Islam
1431:See also:
1389:pilgrimage
1301:Shia Islam
1200:Tambourine
977:Indonesian
938:Literature
899:Imamat Day
683:Embroidery
600:Indonesian
449:Chup Tazia
404:Hussainiya
388:Pilgrimage
3188:158107119
2959:Momen, M.
2867:143516655
2819:"Arba'īn"
2622:"Arba'in"
2496:28 August
2367:6 October
2343:Nasr 2007
2039:Crow 2016
1882:Footnotes
1600:Ibn Tawus
1570:chehellom
1508:Euphrates
1488:) in the
1478:Shia imam
1339:Shia imam
1218:Bangsawan
1195:Talempong
1007:Malaysian
879:al-Ghadir
811:Jellabiya
801:Headscarf
708:Miniature
260:Frequency
233:Shia imam
183:Chālīsvān
177:romanized
147:romanized
126:romanized
102:Chollishā
96:romanized
3378:Mubahala
3333:Arbaʽeen
3217:(2012).
3054:Calendar
3027:(2007).
2961:(1985).
2945:(2004).
2900:(2016).
2752:(eds.).
2601:(1978).
2361:Archived
1858:See also
1512:Damascus
1474:Muhammad
1463:Muharram
1445:Muharram
1347:Muharram
1335:Muhammad
1313:الأربعين
1022:Nigerian
987:Kashmiri
981:Javanese
904:New Year
874:Arba'een
865:Holidays
826:Keffiyeh
762:Clothing
718:Paan dan
566:a series
564:Part of
380:Arba'een
263:annual (
229:Muhammad
172:چالیسواں
132:Chehelom
3429:Portals
3358:Ramadan
3017:1570949
2777:Shi'ism
2729:1145650
2447:30 June
2424:30 June
2402:30 June
1803:Gallery
1684:
1663:
1564:arba'in
1524:Karbala
1449:In the
1397:Karbala
1391:to the
1320:
1305:Arba'in
1238:Ta'zieh
1209:Theatre
1185:Qawwali
1175:Nasheed
1120:Gamelan
1115:Dastgah
1072:Turkmen
1067:Turkish
1037:Punjabi
1032:Persian
997:Kurdish
967:Gambian
957:Bengali
929:Raghaib
924:Bara’at
919:Ramadan
909:al-Qadr
894:al-Adha
889:al-Fitr
846:Songkok
753:Zardozi
635:Swahili
615:Persian
610:Ottoman
605:Moorish
429:Ta'zieh
419:Maddahi
409:Marsiya
384:Ziyarat
208:Islamic
179::
159:Turkish
153:Chālīho
149::
128::
117:Persian
108:Kurdish
98::
91:চল্লিশা
87:Bengali
56:Karbala
35:Arba'in
3338:Mawlid
3239:
3203:
3186:
3176:
3141:
3106:
3087:
3039:
3015:
2992:
2969:
2931:
2912:
2886:
2865:
2805:
2783:
2764:
2727:
2692:
2641:
2609:
2587:
2554:
2527:
1870:Tasu'a
1865:Ashura
1727:ziyara
1611:Medina
1588:Fatima
1520:Muslim
1459:Ashura
1443:, and
1441:Ashura
1409:shrine
1373:Muslim
1345:on 10
1324:Ashura
1309:Arabic
1243:Wayang
1130:Ghazal
1082:Uyghur
1047:Somali
1042:Sindhi
1027:Pashto
1017:Malian
1002:Kyrgyz
992:Kazakh
947:Arabic
914:Mawlid
851:Taqiya
841:Salwar
831:Kupiah
821:Kameez
816:Kaftan
806:Jilbab
791:Chador
781:Boubou
733:Suzani
728:Soumak
698:Khatam
678:Damask
640:Yemeni
620:Somali
505:Ashura
454:Tatbir
434:Tabuik
370:Lohoof
316:Sayyid
282:Husayn
218:Ashura
163:Erbain
142:چاليهو
138:Sindhi
112:Çilroj
58:, Iraq
48:shrine
3467:Islam
3184:S2CID
3013:JSTOR
2863:S2CID
2740:. In
2725:JSTOR
1780:1449
1777:1448
1774:1447
1745:Sunni
1720:Najaf
1583:Jesus
1559:Islam
1545:jihad
1516:Syria
1455:Safar
1405:Najaf
1381:Safar
1353:(680
1170:Naʽat
1165:Mugam
1160:Maqam
1135:Haḍra
1105:Ashik
1096:Music
1087:Uzbek
1062:Tatar
1057:Tajik
1011:Malay
972:Hausa
856:Thawb
836:Niqāb
796:Hijab
786:Burqa
771:Abaya
738:Tapis
703:Kilim
668:Batik
630:Tatar
439:Hosay
254:Safar
3443:Iraq
3237:ISBN
3201:ISBN
3174:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3104:ISBN
3085:ISBN
3037:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2967:ISBN
2929:ISBN
2910:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2762:ISBN
2713:29/3
2690:ISBN
2639:ISBN
2607:ISBN
2585:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2525:ISBN
2498:2023
2449:2010
2426:2010
2404:2010
2369:2015
1716:Iraq
1704:and
1579:Abel
1575:Cain
1528:Kufa
1401:Iraq
1318:lit.
1233:Sama
1190:Sufi
1180:Noha
1145:Jari
1140:Hamd
1077:Urdu
776:Agal
688:Ikat
424:Soaz
414:Noha
290:Life
249:Date
205:Type
168:Urdu
121:چهلم
3229:doi
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