1074:
1124:). Shia Islam limits the Ahl al-Bayt to the Ahl al-Kisa, namely, Muhammad, Fatima, Ali, Hasan and Husayn. The verse of purification is thus regarded in Shia Islam as evidence of the infallibility of the Ahl al-Kisa. Shias also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the Ahl al-Bayt (particularly by Husayn) for those who empathize with their divine cause and suffering. There are various views in Sunni Islam, though a typical compromise is to also include Muhammad's wives in the Ahl al-Bayt.
45:
576:
1181:) in this verse are Ali, Fatima, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn. This is also the view of some Sunni scholars, including al-Razi, Baydawi, and ibn al-Maghazli. Most Sunni authors, however, reject the Shia view and offer various alternatives; chief among them is that this verse enjoins love for kin in general.
1226:
They fulfill their vows and fear a day whose evil is widespread, and give food, despite loving it, to the indigent, the orphan, and the captive. "We feed you only for the Face of God. We do not desire any recompense or thanks from you. Truly we fear from our Lord a grim, calamitous day." So God has
990:
And to whomsoever disputes with thee over it, after the knowledge that has come unto thee , say, "Come! Let us call upon our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves. Then let us pray earnestly, so as to place the curse of God upon those who
1222:). According to these authors, verses 76:5–22 were revealed to Muhammad after Ali, Fatima, Hasan, Husayn, and their maidservant Fidda gave away their only meal of the day to beggars who visited their home, for three consecutive days. In particular, verses 76:7–12 read,
1092:
Families of the past prophets hold a prominent position in the Quran. Therein, their descendants become spiritual and material heirs to keep their fathers' covenants intact. Muhammad's close kin are also mentioned in the Quran in various contexts.
1107:
Also known as the verse of purification, the last passage of verse 33:33 reads, "God only desires to remove defilement from you, O Ahl al-Bayt, and to purify you completely." Muslims disagree as to who belongs to the Ahl al-Bayt
1175:), verse 42:23 of the Quran contains the passage, " Say, 'I ask not of you any reward for it, save affection among kinsfolk.'" The Shia-leaning historian ibn Ishaq narrates that Muhammad specified that the relatives
2254:
776:, on one occasion at least, Muhammad gathered his daughter Fatima, her husband Ali, and their two sons Hasan and Husayn under his cloak and then prayed, "O God, these are my
800:) and my closest family members; remove defilement from them and purify them completely," where this last statement is a reference to verse 33:33 of the
1227:
shielded them from the evil of that Day, bestowed upon them radiance and joy, and rewarded them for having been patient with a Garden and with silk.
1073:
604:
2008:
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676:
211:
69:
2024:
2306:
1902:
1847:
1189:
Verses 76:5-22 are connected to the Ahl al-Kisa in most Shia and some Sunni sources, including the works of the Shia exegete
967:
933:
2341:
405:
2336:
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89:
84:
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94:
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144:
79:
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487:
131:
101:
74:
2003:
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1786:
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502:
359:
246:
181:
111:
2117:
642:
590:
517:
454:
126:
106:
27:
976:, where they would pray to invoke God's curse upon whoever was the liar. Linked to this ordeal is
2121:
64:
2075:
2052:
1935:
1004:
accompanied by Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn. Such reports are presented by the early scholars
929:
2302:
2207:
2185:
2152:
2149:
Female
Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam
2133:
2103:
2082:
2059:
2033:
1976:
1957:
1898:
1872:
1843:
1805:
1768:
1253:
838:
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444:
271:
241:
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2236:
2199:
2177:
2126:
2047:
1949:
1923:
557:
532:
449:
2331:
2326:
1212:
621:
497:
342:
2172:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
1944:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
251:
2228:
2077:
Religious
Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini
1190:
963:
742:
also regard the Ahl al-Kisa as infallible and believe in the redemptive power of their
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332:
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305:
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874:
830:
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and the rightful political and spiritual successors of
Muhammad. Shi'a who are not
730:
authorities as evidence of the high spiritual rank of the "people of the cloak" in
507:
337:
236:
44:
1991:
1825:
Muhammad in
History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God
1782:
1238:
1065:
add that
Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn stood under Muhammad's cloak.
998:
The majority of reports indicate that
Muhammad appeared for the occasion of the
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276:
995:
The delegation withdrew from the challenge and negotiated for peace.
699:
680:
542:
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385:
366:
161:
151:
59:
1801:
The
Nusayri-Alawi Religion: An Enquiry into Its Theology and Liturgy
2204:
Justice and
Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam 'Ali
1072:
801:
731:
395:
371:
1086:
1640:
1638:
684:
1352:
1350:
1348:
734:. In Shi'a Islam, Ali, Hasan, and Husayn are the first three
1655:
1653:
1335:
1333:
16:
The
Islamic prophet Muhammad and four members of his family
2054:
The
Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
1478:
1476:
647:'people of the cloak' ), also known as the
1533:
808:. These five have thus become known as the Ahl al-Kisa (
1303:
1301:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1077:
Names of the Ahl al-Kisa, inscribed in the shrine of
1842:. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference. pp. 25–26.
1379:
1377:
1245:
1144:
1129:
1060:
999:
981:
971:
948:
855:. Other versions are reported by the Sunni scholars
844:
836:
828:
777:
771:
756:
710:
659:
635:
2081:, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, Routledge,
1320:
1318:
1316:
2265:
2222:
2167:
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2074:
2051:
2023:
2007:
1939:
1913:
1890:
1858:
1833:
2253:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2128:The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary
1765:The Prophet's Heir: The Life of Ali Ibn Abi Talib
1271:
1269:
1419:
1224:
988:
2301:. Islamic College for Advanced Studies Press.
598:
8:
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1176:
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1743:
1707:
1644:
1545:
1506:
1467:
1431:
1368:
1356:
1150:
1109:
1059:), among others. Some traditions about the
966:between Muhammad and a delegation from the
827:Variants of this tradition can be found in
809:
785:
671:'family of the cloak' ), are
666:
2299:Shi'i Islam: Origins, Faith, and Practices
1938:; Arendonk, C. van; Tritton, A.S. (2012).
1840:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world
605:
591:
20:
1443:
1683:
1581:
1557:
1395:
1494:
1339:
1292:
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23:
2246:
1897:. Oxford University Press. p. 9.
1731:
1659:
1605:
1534:Goldziher, Arendonk & Tritton 2012
1455:
1383:
1719:
1671:
1629:
1617:
1593:
1569:
1518:
1482:
1407:
1324:
1307:
7:
1798:Bar-Asher, M.M.; Kofsky, A. (2002).
970:, both parties decided to engage in
2235:. Translated by Melvin-Koushki, M.
1177:
962:After an inconclusive debate about
703:
652:
625:
1275:
980:, also known as the "verse of the
14:
2280:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00323
2224:"'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib 2. Biography"
2182:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5289
1954:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378
1928:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00266
1695:
698:The name has its origins in the
574:
43:
2241:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252
851:, all canonical collections in
770:According to the hadith of the
2100:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
2058:. Cambridge University Press.
1975:. Cambridge University Press.
1893:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1:
2032:. Routledge. pp. 16–17.
1998:. Vol. I/6. p. 365.
1871:. Facts On File. p. 23.
1793:. Vol. I/7. p. 742.
986:", which instructed Muhammad:
968:Christian community of Najran
2243:(inactive 9 September 2024).
1973:Shī'ī Islam: An Introduction
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912:
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683:, his cousin and son-in-law
406:Bektashism and folk religion
2272:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān
2030:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia
1920:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān
1420:Bar-Asher & Kofsky 2002
1246:
1145:
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845:
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2358:
1200:), and the Sunni scholars
1143:Known as the verse of the
1136:
1100:
955:
934:Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i
763:
722:, both widely reported by
2102:. Yale University Press.
1857:Campo, J.E., ed. (2009).
1838:. In Martin, R.C. (ed.).
1767:. Yale University Press.
2221:Shah-Kazemi, R. (2015).
687:, and his two grandsons
553:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
2028:. In Leaman, O. (ed.).
1990:Howard, I.K.A. (1984).
978:verse 3:61 of the Quran
847:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
2233:Encyclopaedia Islamica
2174:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2166:Schmucker, W. (2012).
1946:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1229:
1089:
993:
943:), among many others.
795:the people of my house
702:of the cloak (Arabic:
488:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
75:Succession to Muhammad
2270:. In Pink, J. (ed.).
2267:"People of the House"
1996:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1918:. In Pink, J. (ed.).
1869:Encyclopedia of Islam
1791:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1746:, pp. 3332–3333.
1103:Verse of purification
1097:Verse of purification
1076:
1039:al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
958:Event of the mubahala
908:al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
806:verse of purification
581:Shia Islam portal
207:Verse of purification
54:Beliefs and practices
1915:"Love and Affection"
1832:Campo, J.E. (2004).
1819:Brunner, R. (2014).
1521:, pp. 14, 16–7.
1139:Verse of the mawadda
1028:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
1017:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
804:, known also as the
503:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
182:Mourning of Muharram
112:Mourning of Muharram
2342:Islamic terminology
2176:(Second ed.).
2073:Mavani, H. (2013),
1971:Haider, N. (2014).
1948:(Second ed.).
1119:people of the house
819:people of the cloak
750:Origins of the name
518:Ruqayya bint Husayn
425:Extinct Shi'a sects
145:Days of remembrance
132:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage
127:The Four Companions
2337:Family of Muhammad
2147:Osman, R. (2015).
2132:. Harper Collins.
2014:. London: Longman.
1722:, pp. 57, 58.
1662:, pp. 41, 60.
1596:, pp. 16, 17.
1342:, pp. 58, 62.
1090:
744:pain and martyrdom
338:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
265:Branches and sects
212:Two weighty things
2249:cite encyclopedia
1572:, pp. 15–17.
1485:, p. 140n42.
1254:Hadith of the ark
839:Sunan al-Tirmidhi
709:
670:
658:
646:
634:
615:
614:
548:Fatimah bint Asad
513:Fatima bint Hasan
242:Battle of Karbala
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1507:Nasr et al. 2015
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1468:Shah-Kazemi 2015
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1432:Nasr et al. 2015
1429:
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1411:
1410:, pp. 13–4.
1405:
1399:
1398:, pp. 15–6.
1393:
1387:
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1372:
1371:, p. 61n17.
1369:Shah-Kazemi 2007
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1357:Nasr et al. 2015
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558:Ruqayya bint Ali
533:Fatima bint Musa
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2206:. I.B. Tauris.
2200:Shah-Kazemi, R.
2198:
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2140:
2120:; Dagli, C.K.;
2116:
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2018:
2002:
1989:
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1970:
1964:
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1827:. pp. 5–9.
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1706:
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679:, his daughter
677:Islamic prophet
626:أَهْل ٱلْكِسَاء
611:
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568:
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498:Zaynab bint Ali
478:
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343:Sulaymani Bohra
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227:Fatimah's house
202:
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1987:
1981:
1968:
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1903:
1889:, ed. (2003).
1887:Esposito, J.L.
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1674:, p. 152.
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1574:
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1509:, p. 380.
1499:
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1472:
1460:
1448:
1444:Schmucker 2012
1436:
1434:, p. 330.
1424:
1422:, p. 141.
1412:
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1244:Hadith of the
1241:
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1186:
1185:Verses 76:5–22
1183:
1137:Main article:
1134:
1126:
1101:Main article:
1098:
1095:
1070:
1067:
956:Main article:
953:
945:
928:), and by the
866:), al-Wahidi (
761:
755:Hadith of the
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350:
345:
340:
335:
333:Hebtiahs Bohra
330:
329:
328:
303:
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301:
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72:
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62:
56:
53:
52:
49:
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40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2354:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:Shomali, M.A.
2292:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2213:9781845115265
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2191:9789004161214
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2158:9781315770147
2154:
2151:. Routledge.
2150:
2145:
2141:
2139:9780061125867
2135:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:9780300035315
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:9780415624404
2084:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2065:9780521646963
2061:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:9780415326391
2035:
2031:
2026:
2025:"Ahl al-Bayt"
2021:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1982:9781107031432
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1963:9789004161214
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1941:"Ahl Al-Bayt"
1937:
1936:Goldziher, I.
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:9780816054541
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1835:"Ahl al-Bayt"
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:"Ahl al-Bayt"
1817:
1813:
1811:9789004125520
1807:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1774:9780300252057
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1734:, p. 72.
1733:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1686:, p. 13.
1685:
1684:Madelung 1997
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1584:, p. 12.
1583:
1582:Madelung 1997
1578:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1558:Madelung 1997
1554:
1551:
1548:, p. 16.
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1497:, p. 59.
1496:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1458:, p. 36.
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:Madelung 1997
1392:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1310:, p. 65.
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1128:Verse of the
1127:
1125:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1085:, modern-day
1084:
1081:, located in
1080:
1079:Abbas ibn Ali
1075:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
1002:
996:
992:
987:
984:
979:
974:
969:
965:
959:
951:
947:Event of the
946:
944:
935:
931:
930:Twelver Shi'a
920:
909:
898:
887:
876:
858:
854:
849:
848:
841:
840:
833:
832:
825:
807:
803:
782:
781:
774:
767:
759:
754:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:
717:event of the
713:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
662:
650:
644:
638:
637:ʾAhl al-Kisāʾ
632:
623:
619:
608:
603:
601:
596:
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354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
327:
324:
323:
322:
321:Dawoodi Bohra
319:
318:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
300:
297:
296:
295:
292:
288:
285:
283:
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278:
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261:
260:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
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238:
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230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
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196:
195:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
177:Eid al-Ghadir
175:
173:
170:
168:
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163:
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158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
146:
141:
140:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
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118:
115:
113:
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103:
100:
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93:
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78:
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73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
37:
29:
22:
19:
2298:
2283:. Retrieved
2271:
2232:
2203:
2173:
2148:
2127:
2122:Dakake, M.M.
2099:
2076:
2053:
2048:Madelung, W.
2029:
2009:
2004:Jafri, S.H.M
1995:
1992:"Ahl-e Bayt"
1972:
1945:
1919:
1892:
1868:
1861:
1839:
1824:
1800:
1790:
1764:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1514:
1502:
1495:Shomali 2003
1490:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1364:
1340:Shomali 2003
1293:Brunner 2014
1225:
1188:
1142:
1106:
1091:
1069:In the Quran
997:
994:
989:
961:
875:Qadi Baydawi
831:Sahih Muslim
826:
769:
718:
697:
661:ʾĀl al-ʿabāʾ
653:آل ٱلْعَبَاء
648:
617:
616:
508:Umm al-Banin
437:
237:Second Fitna
117:Intercession
107:Judgment Day
18:
2229:Daftary, F.
1862:ahl al-bayt
1787:"Āl-e 'Abā"
1732:Mavani 2013
1660:Mavani 2013
1606:Leaman 2006
1456:Haider 2014
1384:Howard 1984
1239:Ahl al-Bayt
1220: 1854
1209: 1273
1198: 1153
1057: 1373
1046: 1014
1024: 1209
941: 1981
915: 1014
904: 1505
893: 1122
882: 1319
871: 1075
864: 1373
853:Sunni Islam
780:ahl al-bayt
766:Ahl al-Bayt
618:Ahl al-Kisa
438:Ahl al-Kisa
353:Qutbi Bohra
348:Alavi Bohra
326:Progressive
252:Persecution
232:First Fitna
187:Omar Koshan
172:Eid al-Adha
167:Eid al-Fitr
70:Prophethood
2321:Categories
2308:190406311X
2263:Sharon, M.
2169:"Mubāhala"
2118:Nasr, S.H.
2020:Leaman, O.
1904:0195125584
1849:0028656040
1753:References
1720:Abbas 2021
1672:Momen 1985
1630:Campo 2004
1618:Campo 2009
1594:Momen 1985
1570:Jafri 1979
1519:Momen 1985
1483:Osman 2015
1408:Momen 1985
1325:Algar 2011
1308:Abbas 2021
1202:al-Qurtubi
1191:al-Tabarsi
1050:ibn Kathir
1035: 875
1013: 767
926: 923
886:al-Baghawi
857:ibn Kathir
764:See also:
715:) and the
493:Umm Salama
477:Holy women
65:Holy Books
60:Monotheism
36:Shia Islam
2096:Momen, M.
1912:Gril, D.
1804:. Brill.
1783:Algar, H.
1761:Abbas, H.
1261:Footnotes
1247:thaqalayn
1178:في القربى
1165: or
1160:affection
1006:ibn Ishaq
919:al-Tabari
897:al-Suyuti
704:ٱلْكِسَاء
651:(Arabic:
649:Al al-Aba
631:romanized
528:Shahrbanu
413:Qizilbash
2297:(2003).
2202:(2007).
2098:(1985).
2050:(1997).
2022:(2006).
2006:(1979).
1785:(2011).
1763:(2021).
1232:See also
1213:al-Alusi
1062:mubāhala
1001:mubāhala
983:mubahala
973:mubāhala
950:mubāhala
932:exegete
719:mubahala
712:al-kisāʾ
673:Muhammad
445:Muhammad
401:Bektashi
377:Satpanth
311:Musta'li
306:Isma'ili
217:Mubahala
157:Arba'een
28:a series
26:Part of
2285:16 July
2231:(ed.).
1154:
1146:mawadda
1131:mawadda
1113:
1083:Karbala
1048:), and
917:), and
813:
789:
669:
645:
633::
316:Tayyibi
287:Shaykhi
277:Akhbari
272:Ja'fari
200:History
90:Twelver
85:Ismaili
80:Imamate
2332:Hadith
2327:Fatima
2305:
2210:
2188:
2155:
2136:
2106:
2085:
2062:
2036:
1979:
1960:
1901:
1875:
1846:
1808:
1771:
1276:Sharon
1211:) and
843:, and
740:Zaydis
700:hadith
693:Husayn
681:Fatima
622:Arabic
543:Narjis
483:Fatima
465:Husayn
455:Fatima
418:Ishiki
386:Ghulat
367:Nizari
360:Hafizi
299:Houthi
247:Origin
162:Mawlid
152:Ashura
122:Clergy
102:Angels
2227:. In
991:lie."
964:Jesus
802:Quran
736:Imams
732:Islam
728:Shi'i
724:Sunni
689:Hasan
523:Rubab
460:Hasan
396:Alevi
391:Alawi
372:Khoja
294:Zaydi
282:Usuli
222:Khumm
95:Zaydi
2303:ISBN
2287:2023
2255:link
2208:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2034:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1806:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1696:Gril
1170:love
1151:lit.
1110:lit.
1087:Iraq
810:lit.
786:lit.
773:kisa
758:kisa
726:and
691:and
675:the
667:lit.
643:lit.
2276:doi
2237:doi
2178:doi
1950:doi
1924:doi
1037:),
1026:),
1015:),
906:),
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884:),
873:),
824:).
685:Ali
450:Ali
2323::
2274:.
2251:}}
2247:{{
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1956:.
1922:.
1867:.
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1652:^
1637:^
1526:^
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1376:^
1347:^
1332:^
1315:^
1300:^
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1268:^
1218:d.
1207:d.
1196:d.
1055:d.
1044:d.
1033:d.
1022:d.
1011:d.
939:d.
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913:d.
902:d.
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880:d.
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30:on
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2257:)
2239::
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2180::
2161:.
2142:.
2112:.
2068:.
2042:.
1985:.
1966:.
1952::
1930:.
1926::
1907:.
1881:.
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1860:"
1852:.
1814:.
1777:.
1698:.
1632:.
1620:.
1608:.
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