243:
57:
531:
1227:
1218:
43:
514:(Dfc), with most large settlements in the province being located in lowest possible elevation areas, in attempt to avoid the year-round cold temperatures, thus staying just below the subarctic limit. Smaller locales, districts, villages and a significant portion of the landscape, exhibits a true
468:
mountain range. It is consequently an area of very high altitude and severe winters. This is attractive open countryside which however spends many months of the year under snow. At this altitude temperatures on average reach −20 °C (−4 °F) and can drop below freezing all year round,
1075:
967:
254:, 12.9% Greek, 7.2% Turkmen, 2.4% Russian and 0.6% Armenian. The town of Ardahan had a population of 778 of which 51.8% was Turkish, 22.1% Russian, 18.1% Armenian and 6.2% Greek.
269:
and 2.9% Armenian. Slavs constituted 3.9% of the population. The town of
Ardahan had a population of 4,142 of which 37.1% was Slavic, 31.7% Armenian, 18% Turkish and 2.6% Greek.
272:
In 1908, Ardahan sancak had a population of 71,469 of which 41.6% was
Turkish, 18.1% was Kurdish, 15.4% Greek, 14.4% Karapapakh, 7.9% Turkmen, 2.2% Russian and 0.4% Armenian.
2446:
864:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России"
834:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России"
1918:
1153:
657:
There is a unique natural incident, between mid of June and mid July during sunset, depending on angles of the sunrays. An image resembling the silhouette of
670:
773:
1756:
1813:
1706:
964:
678:
2410:
1885:
1539:
1017:
449:
1121:
841:
1659:
1594:
871:
1476:
1444:
1249:
418:
1911:
1278:
1146:
504:
56:
434:
430:
316:
1258:
320:
2436:
1904:
1139:
990:
340:
348:
1320:
661:'s face can be seen as a shadow on the hillside. It was first seen by a shepherd who was with his herd over the hill.
538:
144:
2130:
1677:
275:
In the first
Turkish census taking place in 1927, Ardahan District had a population of 88,989 of which 85.8% spoke
242:
2431:
2172:
1516:
500:
472:
The local economy depends on farming and raising livestock. Until 1993 Ardahan was a district of the province of
2060:
1612:
777:
612:
460:
Ardahan province is located in the far north east of Turkey, where the eastern extremity of the high plateau of
2341:
2210:
1863:
1559:
1187:
650:
556:
414:
of
Samtskhe, which administered it as hereditary governors, with some exceptions, until the mid-18th century.
1226:
2220:
1950:
1564:
1328:
491:. The Turkish military have a strong presence in this border district, another boost to the local economy.
480:
410:) as the first governor. From 1625 onwards the entire eyalet was a hereditary possession of the now-Muslim
2215:
2078:
1832:
1303:
2441:
265:
had a population of 65,763 of which 42.6% was
Turkish, 19.1% Kurdish, 12% Karapapakh, 11.9% Greek, 6.6%
258:
218:. Its area is 4,934 km, and its population is 92,481 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of
2347:
2112:
2094:
2055:
2002:
1869:
1774:
1414:
1293:
1287:
799:
746:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"
1042:
An
Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century
2353:
2284:
2147:
1945:
1821:
1741:
1569:
1309:
644:
387:
47:
2239:
2178:
2135:
1927:
1779:
1622:
1383:
1354:
1245:
250:
In 1886, 43,643 people lived in
Ardahan Vilayet of which 46.6% was Turkish, 16% was Kurdish, 14.3%
203:
93:
33:
1955:
1714:
2398:
2193:
2119:
1839:
1649:
1627:
863:
833:
399:
368:
344:
336:
2028:
2008:
1764:
1607:
2301:
2289:
2273:
2165:
2158:
2099:
2084:
2065:
1995:
1729:
1617:
1574:
1529:
1408:
1367:
1348:
1334:
1040:
1013:
1007:
941:
930:
515:
511:
328:
284:
211:
193:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2312:
2245:
2226:
2199:
2183:
2152:
2125:
2105:
2071:
2023:
2018:
1978:
1960:
1796:
1785:
1735:
1724:
1695:
1672:
1553:
1547:
1510:
1492:
1459:
1428:
1421:
1391:
1373:
1341:
1197:
1181:
638:
566:
550:
530:
461:
360:
356:
288:
276:
223:
185:
177:
1076:"İl İdaresi ve Mülki Bölümler Şube Müdürlüğü İstatistikleri - İl ve İlçe Kuruluş Tarihleri"
716:
2393:
2388:
2319:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2089:
2043:
2033:
2013:
1989:
1971:
1965:
1851:
1826:
1769:
1667:
1633:
1602:
1584:
1523:
1498:
1453:
1434:
1360:
1298:
971:
717:"Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin İlk Genel Nüfus Sayımında Ardahan Vilâyeti'nin Nüfus Özellikleri"
465:
372:
227:
2279:
1791:
624:
488:
295:. 14 Christians lived in the district. The district had a population of 104,911 in 1935.
745:
2359:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2233:
2205:
2141:
2049:
1939:
1857:
1845:
1644:
1639:
1579:
1504:
1485:
1465:
1402:
1207:
1202:
1192:
576:
571:
561:
438:
422:
395:
383:
280:
136:
42:
2425:
2306:
2295:
2188:
2038:
1746:
1689:
1683:
1396:
473:
442:
364:
231:
2382:
1802:
1062:
476:, becoming a province in its own right has meant more investment in infrastructure
1217:
959:
426:
324:
262:
251:
658:
132:
1131:
752:
693:
680:
332:
127:
1267:
1100:
327:
Ardahan served as an important transit point for goods arriving from the
266:
441:
in 1921. Ardahan
Province was created in 1992 from the northern part of
594:
588:
519:
376:
292:
219:
215:
80:
1896:
1166:
954:
411:
391:
379:
312:
308:
304:
207:
70:
347:
between 11th to 15th centuries. It was a theatre of war during the
618:
606:
600:
529:
484:
407:
352:
335:. During the 8th to 10th centuries the region was in hands of the
241:
637:
There are a number of medieval castles in the district including
367:
took hold of the region in the 1230s but the
Georgian princes of
1900:
1135:
303:
The first surviving record about this region is attributed to
993:. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1976, vol. ii, p. 7.
938:
Kafkas
University Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences
437:
from 1919 to 1920, Ardahan was reclaimed by Turkey under the
158:
1225:
1216:
363:
razed Ardahan and slaughtered its population in 1021. The
774:"Bakûr di bin berfê de ye! Rêya 1.609 gundan hate girtin"
398:. In 1578 Ottomans appointed the former Georgian prince,
452:
gave the local economy a brief boost from 2000 onwards.
291:. In the same census, almost 100% of the population was
433:
from 1919 to 1921 and southern part of the province is
931:"Atatürk Dönemi Iğdır'da Nüfus Sayımları (1923- 1938)"
776:(in Kurdish). Sopger. 18 January 2019. Archived from
287:. 98.8% of the Kurdish-speaking population lived in
1812:
1755:
1705:
1658:
1593:
1538:
1475:
1443:
1382:
1319:
1277:
1257:
1173:
499:The predominant climate in the Ardahan province is
153:
143:
126:
118:
110:
102:
91:
86:
76:
66:
21:
371:were able to recapture it in 1266. As a result of
1122:"Ardahan'da "Atatürk Silueti" görülmeye başlandı"
1006:Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009-01-01).
1045:. Brill Archive. p. 140. GGKEY:4CFA3RCNXRP
197:
1912:
1147:
8:
671:List of populated places in Ardahan Province
222:. Ardahan borders the Turkish provinces of
2447:States and territories established in 1921
1919:
1905:
1897:
1238:
1154:
1140:
1132:
1001:
999:
18:
315:) and mentions that it was a part of the
246:Ethnographic map of Ardahan okrug in 1902
518:(Dfc), being the second most widespread
331:and departing to the regions around the
734:
479:There are two crossing points into the
421:, the region was incorporated into the
152:
142:
125:
109:
101:
85:
75:
65:
53:
39:
982:
980:
740:
738:
61:Location of the province within Turkey
117:
106:4,934 km (1,905 sq mi)
90:
7:
1012:. Infobase Publishing. p. 141.
487:and the other (currently closed) at
537:Ardahan province is divided into 6
429:. Northern part of the province is
189:
1009:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
916:
904:
892:
820:
14:
802:. General Directorate of Mapping
55:
41:
874:from the original on 2014-04-17
844:from the original on 2021-02-25
386:hands and reorganized into the
435:Democratic Republic of Armenia
431:Democratic Republic of Georgia
425:, and until 1918 was known as
1:
505:Köppen climate classification
419:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1065:, Resmî Gazete, 3 June 1992.
991:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
483:district of Georgia, one at
450:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline
2411:Metropolitan municipalities
1886:Metropolitan municipalities
2463:
800:"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri"
375:, signed in 1555 with the
2407:
1934:
1882:
1241:
1237:
1214:
501:humid continental climate
469:including summer months.
198:
54:
40:
31:
1081:(in Turkish). p. 11
448:The construction of the
349:Byzantine-Georgian wars
1231:
1221:
1039:D. E. Pitcher (1972).
534:
402:(who took the name of
319:, taken away from the
247:
181:
1757:Central East Anatolia
1229:
1220:
929:Ural, Selçuk (2016).
694:41.11306°N 42.82083°E
541:(capital district in
533:
259:Russian Empire Census
245:
206:in the north-east of
122:19/km (49/sq mi)
1230:Districts of Ardahan
406:after converting to
382:, Ardahan passed to
343:, and later part of
283:, while 13.8% spoke
119: • Density
2437:Provinces of Turkey
1928:Provinces of Turkey
690: /
464:converges with the
417:In 1878, after the
351:. According to the
1814:Southeast Anatolia
1707:Northeast Anatolia
1232:
1222:
1103:. Climate-data.org
970:2014-02-01 at the
780:on 24 October 2021
723:(in Turkish): 209.
699:41.11306; 42.82083
632:Places of interest
535:
481:Samtskhe–Javakheti
345:Kingdom of Georgia
317:Kingdom of Armenia
248:
190:Parêzgeha Erdêxanê
16:Province in Turkey
2419:
2418:
2414:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1101:"Climate:Ardahan"
1019:978-1-4381-1025-7
942:Kafkas University
516:subarctic climate
512:subarctic climate
510:) bordering on a
329:Abbasid Caliphate
321:Kingdom of Iberia
289:Göle sub-district
171:
170:
2454:
2432:Ardahan Province
2409:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1884:
1540:Central Anatolia
1239:
1163:Ardahan Province
1156:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1003:
994:
988:
984:
975:
952:
946:
945:
935:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
883:
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860:
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851:
849:
830:
824:
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812:
811:
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790:
789:
787:
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770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
750:
742:
724:
705:
704:
702:
701:
700:
695:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
653:in city of Damal
591:City 17,171 inh.
583:Cities and towns
462:Eastern Anatolia
357:Yahya of Antioch
201:
200:
199:არტაანის რეგიონი
191:
174:Ardahan Province
167:
164:
162:
160:
59:
45:
23:Ardahan Province
19:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2455:
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2451:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2403:
1930:
1925:
1895:
1890:
1874:
1808:
1751:
1701:
1654:
1589:
1534:
1471:
1439:
1378:
1315:
1273:
1253:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1169:
1160:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1005:
1004:
997:
986:
985:
978:
972:Wayback Machine
953:
949:
933:
928:
927:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
877:
875:
862:
861:
857:
847:
845:
832:
831:
827:
819:
815:
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798:
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783:
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772:
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736:
731:
714:
711:
698:
696:
692:
689:
684:
681:
679:
677:
676:
667:
634:
627:City 1,502 inh.
621:City 1,810 inh.
615:Town 2,126 inh.
609:City 3,804 inh.
603:City 4,030 inh.
597:City 6,231 inh.
585:
528:
522:in the region.
497:
466:Lesser Caucasus
458:
373:Peace of Amasya
307:, who calls it
301:
240:
157:
98:Hayrettin Çiçek
62:
50:
36:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2460:
2458:
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2417:
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2408:
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2404:
2402:
2401:
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2362:
2357:
2350:
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2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Afyonkarahisar
1948:
1943:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
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1739:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1660:East Black Sea
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:West Black Sea
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1550:
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1542:
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1473:
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1437:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1329:Afyonkarahisar
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1113:
1092:
1067:
1063:Kanun No. 3806
1055:
1031:
1018:
995:
976:
947:
940:(in Turkish).
921:
919:, p. 224.
909:
907:, p. 221.
897:
895:, p. 210.
885:
870:(in Russian).
855:
840:(in Russian).
825:
823:, p. 209.
813:
791:
765:
733:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
715:Şimşek, Oğuz.
710:
707:
674:
673:
666:
663:
655:
654:
647:
642:
633:
630:
629:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
584:
581:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
527:
524:
496:
493:
457:
454:
439:Treaty of Kars
423:Russian Empire
388:Ardahan sanjak
300:
297:
281:first language
239:
236:
169:
168:
155:
151:
150:
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124:
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116:
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68:
64:
63:
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52:
51:
46:
38:
37:
32:
29:
28:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2314:
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2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
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2271:
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2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2238:
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1445:West Anatolia
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639:Şeytan Castle
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443:Kars Province
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263:Ardahan okrug
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92: •
82:
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58:
49:
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35:
30:
20:
2442:Tao-Klarjeti
2381:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2318:
2311:
2294:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2232:
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2198:
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2157:
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2077:
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2001:
1994:
1984:
1977:
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1938:
1862:
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1682:
1632:
1552:
1522:
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1503:
1491:
1484:
1464:
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1427:
1420:
1413:
1401:
1384:East Marmara
1366:
1359:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1308:
1286:
1279:West Marmara
1266:
1243:
1180:
1162:
1116:
1105:. Retrieved
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1070:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1041:
1034:
1023:. Retrieved
1008:
989:«Արդահան» .
958:
950:
937:
924:
912:
900:
888:
876:. Retrieved
867:
858:
846:. Retrieved
837:
828:
816:
806:19 September
804:. Retrieved
794:
782:. Retrieved
778:the original
768:
758:19 September
756:. Retrieved
720:
709:Bibliography
675:
656:
549:
542:
536:
507:
498:
478:
471:
459:
447:
416:
403:
341:Tao-Klarjeti
302:
274:
271:
257:In the 1897
256:
249:
238:Demographics
210:, bordering
173:
172:
2413:are bolded.
1888:are bolded.
960:Geographica
697: /
649:Phantom of
645:Lake Çıldır
427:Kars Oblast
390:as part of
339:princes of
325:Middle Ages
182:Ardahan ili
48:Lake Çıldır
26:Ardahan ili
2426:Categories
2216:Kırklareli
2079:Diyarbakır
1833:Diyarbakır
1304:Kırklareli
1107:2016-06-09
1085:25 October
1049:2013-06-01
1025:2013-06-01
729:References
685:42°49′15″E
682:41°06′47″N
361:Byzantines
355:historian
337:Bagrationi
252:Karapapakh
111:Population
87:Government
2399:Zonguldak
2342:Şanlıurfa
2211:Kırıkkale
2194:Kastamonu
2131:Gümüşhane
2120:Gaziantep
2113:Eskişehir
2056:Çanakkale
2003:Balıkesir
1864:Şanlıurfa
1840:Gaziantep
1678:Gümüşhane
1650:Zonguldak
1628:Kastamonu
1560:Kırıkkale
1415:Eskişehir
1294:Çanakkale
1288:Balıkesir
1246:provinces
1174:Districts
878:8 January
868:Demoscope
848:8 January
838:Demoscope
539:districts
526:Districts
456:Geography
333:Black Sea
323:. In the
145:Area code
128:Time zone
2354:Tekirdağ
2302:Osmaniye
2285:Nevşehir
2221:Kırşehir
2159:İstanbul
2100:Erzincan
1946:Adıyaman
1822:Adıyaman
1730:Erzincan
1570:Nevşehir
1565:Kırşehir
1530:Osmaniye
1310:Tekirdağ
1268:Istanbul
1259:Istanbul
1244:List of
968:Archived
872:Archived
842:Archived
784:27 April
665:See also
400:Manuchar
369:Samtskhe
309:Gogarene
204:province
194:Georgian
161:.ardahan
94:Governor
34:Province
2372:Tunceli
2366:Trabzon
2313:Sakarya
2246:Malatya
2240:Kütahya
2227:Kocaeli
2200:Kayseri
2184:Karaman
2179:Karabük
2153:Isparta
2136:Hakkâri
2126:Giresun
2106:Erzurum
2072:Denizli
2061:Çankırı
2024:Bilecik
2019:Bayburt
1985:Ardahan
1979:Antalya
1961:Aksaray
1797:Tunceli
1786:Malatya
1780:Hakkâri
1736:Erzurum
1725:Bayburt
1720:Ardahan
1696:Trabzon
1673:Giresun
1623:Karabük
1613:Çankırı
1554:Kayseri
1548:Aksaray
1511:Isparta
1493:Antalya
1460:Karaman
1429:Sakarya
1422:Kocaeli
1392:Bilecik
1355:Kütahya
1342:Denizli
1182:Ardahan
965:11.14.7
659:Atatürk
651:Atatürk
613:Köprülü
589:Ardahan
551:Ardahan
520:climate
495:Climate
412:atabegs
404:Mustafa
396:Childir
384:Ottoman
377:Safavid
365:Mongols
299:History
285:Kurdish
277:Turkish
267:Turkmen
224:Erzurum
220:Ardahan
216:Armenia
212:Georgia
202:) is a
186:Kurdish
178:Turkish
154:Website
81:Ardahan
67:Country
2394:Yozgat
2389:Yalova
2348:Şırnak
2320:Samsun
2267:Mersin
2260:Mardin
2253:Manisa
2095:Elazığ
2090:Edirne
2044:Burdur
2034:Bitlis
2029:Bingöl
2014:Batman
2009:Bartın
1990:Artvin
1972:Ankara
1966:Amasya
1870:Şırnak
1852:Mardin
1827:Batman
1775:Elazığ
1770:Bitlis
1765:Bingöl
1668:Artvin
1634:Samsun
1608:Bartın
1603:Amasya
1585:Yozgat
1524:Mersin
1499:Burdur
1454:Ankara
1435:Yalova
1361:Manisa
1321:Aegean
1299:Edirne
1250:region
1188:Çıldır
1167:Turkey
1016:
955:Strabo
944:: 525.
917:Şimşek
905:Şimşek
893:Şimşek
821:Şimşek
625:Çıldır
557:Çıldır
489:Çıldır
392:eyalet
380:Persia
359:, the
313:Gugark
305:Strabo
293:Muslim
228:Artvin
208:Turkey
196::
114:92,481
71:Turkey
2360:Tokat
2336:Sivas
2331:Sinop
2326:Siirt
2290:Niğde
2274:Muğla
2234:Konya
2206:Kilis
2166:İzmir
2148:Iğdır
2142:Hatay
2085:Düzce
2066:Çorum
2050:Bursa
1996:Aydın
1940:Adana
1858:Siirt
1846:Kilis
1742:Iğdır
1645:Tokat
1640:Sinop
1618:Çorum
1580:Sivas
1575:Niğde
1505:Hatay
1486:Adana
1466:Konya
1409:Düzce
1403:Bursa
1368:Muğla
1349:İzmir
1335:Aydın
1208:Posof
1203:Hanak
1193:Damal
1079:(PDF)
934:(PDF)
749:(XLS)
721:BELGÜ
619:Posof
607:Damal
601:Hanak
577:Posof
572:Hanak
562:Damal
485:Posof
408:Islam
133:UTC+3
2377:Uşak
2307:Rize
2296:Ordu
2189:Kars
2039:Bolu
1956:Ağrı
1747:Kars
1715:Ağrı
1690:Rize
1684:Ordu
1397:Bolu
1374:Uşak
1198:Göle
1087:2023
1014:ISBN
880:2020
850:2020
808:2023
786:2020
760:2023
753:TÜİK
595:Göle
567:Göle
543:bold
474:Kars
353:Arab
232:Kars
230:and
214:and
163:.gov
149:0478
103:Area
77:Seat
2383:Van
2280:Muş
1803:Van
1792:Muş
1248:by
1165:of
545:):
508:Dfb
394:of
279:as
165:.tr
159:www
137:TRT
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226:,
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503:(
311:(
176:(
139:)
135:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
