309:, the narrator on board the steamboat meets a man called Ivan Shamokhin, who tells him a story of his love for a woman named Ariadna Kotlovich. Initially he is just dazzled by her beauty, gracefulness, originality, wit and intelligence; to him she is an epitome of perfection. Gradually he comes to realize that there is vanity and coldness behind her shiny charisma. She loves seeing Shamokhin around, but only because the fact that a young man so attractive and virtuous is so obviously infatuated with her, gives her great pleasure. His attempts at escaping are all in vain: he is now totally under the spell of Ariadna... As seems to be prince Maktuev, "a wealthy man but an utterly insignificant person" whom she had once refused and (as it later turns out) has never been able to forgive herself for that.
317:. Travelling with Ariadna and Lubkov through Southern Europe, he is appalled: the woman he loves is engaged in the life full of lies, where her one and only motivation is to be admired. Shocked by the realization that the woman he loves and the man he despises have been lovers all the way, Shamokhin rushes off and returns to his father's home. After the "unfaithful" Lubkov's departure, though, he is being summoned up by his "forsaken Ariadne". They become physically close and he continues the journey, squandering the money he receives from Russia, where his father by now had mortgaged his estate twice.
186:". According to A. Drossi Chekhov knew Ariadna Charets personally and was fond of her, but sympathized also with Starov, whom he met on several occasions in 1887, during his visit to Taganrog. Sobolev considered Ariadna Charets to have been also the prototype of Masha Shelestova ("The Teacher of Literature"). Later scholars came to agree that while "Ariadna" provided the true portrait of a Taganrog beauty, "The Teacher of Literature" had to do more with the factual side of the early years of her marital life.
217:. and with him went to Europe. In several months' time, she started to shower Chekhov with letters complaining about how Ignatenko, a "treacherously unfaithful man" had left her behind and "fled to Russia". From her 21 September letter Chekhov surmised that she was pregnant. Some phrases from Mizinova's letters ("...Do not forget the one whom you've forsaken") are reproduced in those by Ariadna almost word by word. This apparently was the reason why Chekhov (still fresh from the scandal caused by "
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to read. Should you agree with me, please send it back, otherwise you may publish it but no sooner than another story that I will soon send you," Chekhov wrote in a 17 March letter. Lavrov and
Goltsev disagreed. "We've read your story. Of course we'll have it with great pleasure. Thank you very much
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Sick of her
Russian rural environment and (what she perceives as) poverty, Ariadne runs off to Europe with Lubkov, a married man whose only claim to virtue seems to be his vivaciousness. Torn apart by his hopeless passion and the realization of how perious it could be, Shamohin nevertheless responds
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At least three women might be said to have served as prototypes for the story's main heroine. The first one, chronologically (and according to Yuri
Sobolev who was the first to maintain this connection), was Ariadna Charets (who also shared the patronym Grigoryevna with the character), a daughter of
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Elena
Mikhaylovna Shavrova (Елена Михайловна Шаврова, 1874–1937) was a short story writer and Chekhov's regular correspondent since 1889, when they met in Yalta for the first time. He considered Shavrova a promising writer and edited some of her stories, but "being a woman of means, she never took
324:. It transpires that the only reason for Ariadna's decision to return to Russia was the fact that prince Maktuyev was there. Shamokhin (who is now virtually broke) is rapturous: "Oh, Lord... If she hits it off with the prince, it means freedom, then I can go back to the country with my father!"
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To a certain extent the story might be seen as a reflection of
Chekhov's relationship with Lika Mizinova and the events of her life in 1893–1895. In the story, the heroine, scornful of her timid suitor's indecisiveness, gets involved with an "experienced" lover and with him goes abroad while
336:"Often looking at her asleep, or eating, or trying to assume a naïve expression, I wondered why that extraordinary beauty, grace, and intelligence had been given her by God. Could it simply be for lolling in bed, eating and lying, lying endlessly?" (Shamokhin of Ariadne)
482:(the 1977 Complete Chekhov edition) // Чехов А. П. Ариадна // Чехов А. П. Полное собрание сочинений и писем: В 30 т. Сочинения: В 18 т. / АН СССР. Ин-т мировой лит. им. А. М. Горького. — М.: Наука, 1974—1982. Т. 9. , 1894—1897. — М.: Наука, 1977. — С. 107—132.
250:. The Chekhov memoirist Alexander Lazarev-Gruzinsky vehemently protested against such assertions but later other critics had to concede that Yavorskaya (whose relationships with Chekhov in early 1890s have been described as "complicated" by the memoirist
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Elena
Shavrova in her December 1895 letter suggested that "Ariadne" may well become a common name, "for it truly and realistically summarizes a true woman character" (la vraie femme aux hommes). Tatyana L. Tolstaya,
339:"We men make a great stir about their emancipation, but they don't care about their emancipation at all, they only pretend to care about it; they are horribly cunning things, horribly cunning!" (Shamokhin of women)
240:. The journalist Nikolai Yezhov in his 28 December 1895 letter told Chekhov that he'd "found ridiculous such insinuations spread by the most insightful part of our readership", but in his 1909,
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inspector
Grigory Cherets. A beauty and a heartbreaker, who loved partying and quite enjoyed herself in the company of men, she caused great suffering to her husband, V.D. Starov, a teacher of
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informed
Chekhov that the magazine had gone bankrupt and asked for the permission to publish the story. The author's first reaction was half-negative. "I do not believe this story would suit
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The contemporary conservative critics, while disagreeing about details, almost unanimously saw "Ariadna" as a step back in
Chekhov's development as a writer. Y. Govorukha-Otrok in
500:В. Д. Седегов. К вопросу о таганрогских прототипах в произведениях Чехова. — : Литературный музей А. П. Чехова. Сб. статей и материалов, вып. V, Ростов н/Д., 1969, стр. 77—79
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who lie to themselves in their own writings". It was only after the 1903 edition of the
Collected Works by Anton Chekhov came out that "Ariadna" started to gain positive reviews.
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Literary historians disagree about who "the real Prince Maktuyev" might have been. Some name Count Kochubey, who was said to be Ariadna Cherets' patron, others point at Prince
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criticized Chekhov for his "diatribe against intelligent women" (mixing the author with his hero, Shamokhin), considering the story weak and unworthy of critical attention.
404:) accused Chekhov of having slipped into decadent mode and dismissed it as an ineffectual comment on "fashionable ideas of today", "all those graphomaniac Ariadnes and
246:-published memoirs he would make a lot of them, calling the author a man prone to "petty vindictiveness". In 1915 Ezhov repeated his accusations in the article on
236:, in the circle of Chekhov's Moscow friends the rumours started to circulate that the real woman behind the Ariadna character was not Mizinova, but the actress
353:'s daughter, wrote on 30 March 1899: "I am always amazed when I see a male writer who understand so deeply the woman's nature... I recognize myself in "
509:О. А. Петрова. Классическая гимназия в творческой биографии А. П. Чехова. Дисс. на соискание уч. степени канд. филол. наук. Иркутск, 1969, стр. 96—99
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The chronology of the European events in the story has to do with Chekhov's own travels. In the spring of 1891 he visited (like his characters did)
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Lika Mizinova, Chekhov's close friend in early 1890s, is considered to be one of the prototypes for the story's heroine
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Shamokhin is away. In a similar manner, with Chekhov absent, in Yalta, Mizinova (his then beau) fell for
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her own talent seriously," according to Mikhail Chekhov. // Чехов М. П. Вокруг Чехова. С. 198–199
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With minor changes it was included by Chekhov into Volume 9 of his Collected Works published by
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Rodionova, V.M. Commentaries to Ариадна. The Works by A.P. Chekhov in 12 volumes.
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at the same school, who, in his own turn, served as a prototype for Nikitin in "
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included Ariadna into his personal list of Chekhovs's best stories.
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The story was first published in the December 1895 issue of
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and made part of his journey abroad on board of steamboat
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at all. I send you this story, please read it and give
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448:. Moscow, 1960. Vol. 8, pp. 512-514
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706:On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco
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118:) is an 1895 short story by
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1193:Novellas and
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1056:A Misfortune
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979:A Malefactor
972:The Huntsman
923:Fat and Thin
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73:Published in
41:
1533:(1893–1895)
1524:Non-fiction
1440:The Runaway
1366:The Darling
1338:In the Cart
1233:The Student
1028:The Requiem
872:Three Years
794:Uncle Vanya
786:The Seagull
746:The Wedding
351:Leo Tolstoy
163:Adolf Marks
126:Publication
90:Adolf Marks
68:Publication
28:Short story
1663:Categories
1629:Wild Honey
1503:The Bishop
1275:About Love
1182:Ward No. 6
1158:Ward No. 6
1049:Easter Eve
848:The Steppe
433:References
363:Ivan Bunin
307:Sevastopol
287:Sevastopol
142:The Artist
1622:Fragments
1510:Betrothed
1482:Whitebrow
1461:Kashtanka
1447:The Siren
1433:First Aid
1105:Happiness
1035:The Witch
958:Small Fry
355:Dushechka
344:Reception
86:Publisher
22:"Ariadne"
1648:Category
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1212:In Exile
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986:Children
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965:The Fish
960:" (1885)
953:" (1885)
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932:" (1884)
925:" (1883)
918:" (1883)
911:" (1883)
856:The Duel
840:Novellas
730:The Bear
714:Swansong
698:Platonov
376:Turgenev
267:Florence
58:Language
1539:Related
1475:The Bet
1331:At Home
1303:Ariadne
1286:Stories
1195:Stories
1074:Stories
944:Oysters
930:Surgery
880:My Life
630:Ariadne
624:Ариадна
406:Chaykas
315:Abbazia
263:Bologna
116:Ариадна
112:Russian
108:Ariadne
62:Russian
48:Country
42:Ариадна
1405:Grisha
1345:Ionych
1288:(1901)
1253:(1898)
1197:(1894)
1160:(1893)
1133:Sleepy
1118:(1890)
1076:(1888)
1042:Agafya
1020:(1887)
1000:Anyuta
993:Misery
939:(1884)
901:(1886)
883:(1896)
875:(1895)
867:(1893)
859:(1891)
851:(1888)
832:(1884)
813:(1904)
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749:(1889)
741:(1889)
733:(1888)
725:(1887)
722:Ivanov
717:(1887)
701:(1881)
328:Quotes
303:Odessa
291:Odessa
275:Naples
259:Venice
92:(1901)
81:(1895)
52:Russia
1168:Gusev
1098:Vanka
821:Novel
690:Plays
412:Notes
322:Yalta
283:Yalta
279:Paris
180:Latin
174:the
1454:Boys
1091:Mire
1063:Home
305:and
297:Plot
277:and
271:Rome
193:, a
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