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and is non-toxic. All other parts of the yew are toxic, including the seed housed inside the aril. If the seed is crushed, breaks or splits in the stomach of a human, bird or another animal, it will result in poisoning. Birds digest the fleshy aril as a food source, and pass the seeds out in their
359:), the aril starts out as a small, green band at the base of the seed, then turns brown to red as it enlarges and surrounds the seed, eventually becoming fleshy and scarlet in color at maturity. The aril is attractive to fruit-eating
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typical of most gymnosperms, the reproductive structure of the yew consists of a single seed that becomes surrounded by a fleshy, cup-like covering. This covering is derived from a highly modified cone scale.
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of the ovary. The fleshy, edible pericarp splits neatly in two halves, then falling away or being eaten to reveal a brightly coloured pseudaril around the black seed.
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seed. Arils and arillodes are often edible enticements that encourage animals to transport the seed, thereby assisting in seed dispersal.
241:), an arillode forms from a different point on the seed coat. The term "aril" is sometimes applied to any fleshy appendage of the seed in
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Anderson, E. & Owens, J. N. (2003). Analysing the reproductive biology of Taxus: should it be included in
Coniferales?
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is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the seed to the
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Banerji, I.; Chaudhuri, K.L. (1944), "A contribution to the life history of
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389:. In pre-European times the aril of the kahikatea was a food source for
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is sometimes called an arillode or false aril. It grows partly from the
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Ramos-Ordonez, M. F.; Arizmendi, M. D. C.; Marquez-Guzman, J. (2012).
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fruits are highly developed arils surrounding the seed rather than a
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Membranous or fleshy appendage that partly or wholly covers a seed
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The Kew Plant
Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms
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The juicy, swollen, red stalk which holds the seed is known as
562:"The fruit of Bursera: Structure, maturation and parthenocarpy"
411:, fleshy structures attached to the seeds of many plant species
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423:, a fleshy epidermal layer of a seed coat, as in pomegranate
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Proceedings of the Indian
Academy of Sciences, Section B
417:, a fleshy cone borne chiefly by junipers and cypresses
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layer. Such arils are also found in a few species of
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
500:"Arils And Aril-Like Structures In Woody Ranales"
345:The fleshy aril that surrounds each seed in the
257:are aril-like structures commonly found on the
276:-like structure, called (among other names) a
219:that partly or completely covers the seed. An
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
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21:Atlas (mythology) § Etruscan Aril
349:is a highly modified seed cone scale.
34:, a type of organic chemical radical.
23:. For the Malaysian entertainer, see
7:
479:Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010),
286:taxa. The edible false fruit of the
282:. False fruit are found in numerous
215:, is a specialized outgrowth from a
65:adding citations to reliable sources
519:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1973.tb02092.x
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393:. The washed arils were called
52:needs additional citations for
539:. Cambridge University Press.
265:species that develop from the
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19:For the Etruscan deity, see
533:Marshall, C. (1992-04-30).
143:An aril that surrounds the
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485:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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536:Fruit and Seed Production
163:The edible white aril of
651:"Kahikatea, Dacrycarpus"
616:(kahikatea) description"
614:Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
382:Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
374:Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
353:In European yew plants (
30:Not to be confused with
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657:. 2011. Archived from
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498:Endress, P.K. (1973).
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272:The aril may create a
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580:10.1093/aobpla/pls027
364:droppings, promoting
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399:and were eaten raw.
379:The kahikatea tree,
173:and partly from the
61:improve this article
661:on 12 January 2012
655:web.auckland.ac.nz
459:10.1007/BF03049502
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211:), also called an
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25:Aril (entertainer)
632:The small fruit (
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487:: Kew Publishing
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453:(2): 19–27,
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185:(pronounced
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177:of the seed.
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117:January 2008
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
387:New Zealand
304:gymnosperms
279:false fruit
263:Burseraceae
145:nutmeg seed
704:Categories
694:Acta Hort.
574:: pls027.
567:AoB Plants
428:References
421:Sarcotesta
284:Angiosperm
255:Pseudarils
231:(from the
225:false aril
175:integument
87:newspapers
409:Elaiosome
366:dispersal
320:kahikatea
233:funiculus
171:funiculus
720:Conifers
598:23115709
467:82241185
445:Sonn.",
415:Galbulus
403:See also
318:and the
312:conifers
300:pericarp
267:mesocarp
221:arillode
589:3484315
316:lleuque
259:pyrenes
249:of the
213:arillus
151:called
101:scholar
622:. 2011
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292:lychee
288:longan
251:nutmeg
103:
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76:"Aril"
74:
674:koroi
635:koroi
463:S2CID
396:koroi
391:Māori
361:birds
336:Taxus
324:woody
296:ackee
274:fruit
238:hilum
229:ovary
149:spice
108:JSTOR
94:books
667:2011
628:2011
594:PMID
572:2012
541:ISBN
327:cone
308:yews
294:and
247:mace
217:seed
183:aril
153:mace
80:news
32:aryl
584:PMC
576:doi
514:doi
455:doi
372:In
347:yew
261:of
235:or
223:or
181:An
63:by
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