147:
537:
317:
1668:
565:
appropriations, Phoenix was buying votes (and the capital) with territorial debt. They argued that
Prescott should keep the capital since Phoenix and Tucson had the other public institutions, and that Prescott was near the geographic center of the territory and in spite of harsh winters, lacked the desert summers of Phoenix and therefore had a better year-round climate.
139:
301:. No evidence of actual wrongdoing was ever produced and the capital was officially moved on November 1, 1867. Tucson at the time was the most developed city in the territory and it may have been felt that locating the capital there would help reduce Confederate sympathy in the southern part of the territory.
216:
who argued against Tucson. Carleton felt that although Tucson was the most populous city in the territory, it suffered from strong
Confederate and Mexican influences and recommended that the capital be located in the northern Union-controlled area. He suggested the geographic center of the territory
396:
The creation of
Cochise County passed with full support of Yavapai County, but the Bullion Tax did not receive full support from the Tombstone delegation, and it was repealed. A bill to move the capital to Tucson passed the lower house but failed in the upper house (then called the council) with the
248:
and too far from timber sources needed for buildings. After a month, Goodwin took a party of 84, including a military escort, to explore the area and search for a better location. He decided to move Fort
Whipple 14 miles (23 km) south to its present location on Granite Creek and established the
373:
met in
January 1881 and considered the issue again. Prescott, although a prosperous mining community, was far from the population centers of the territory (Phoenix and Tucson), was difficult to reach without railroad access, and had harsh winter weather. Bills were introduced to move the capital to
601:
in a glass of water and later mistakenly swallowed the eye when he awoke thirsty and took a drink. Refusing to appear in public without the eye, he refused to vote which would have kept the capital in
Prescott. The prostitute eventually persuaded a friend with a glass eye to loan it to Warren, who
572:
The legislature met in
Prescott January 22, 1889 and passed a bill to move the capital to Phoenix in both houses within days before adjourning to resume in Phoenix on February 7. The bill, Legislative Act No. 1, was signed by Governor Zulick on January 26. There were celebrations in Phoenix as the
527:
However, the
Maricopa County member of the Council proposed a bill to move the capital to Phoenix. A Prescott newspaper claimed this was just a ploy to bargain for additional funding for the asylum. Some in Tucson felt Phoenix should be satisfied with the asylum and normal school. In the end, no
564:
Prescott, although vigorously opposed to relocation, had little practical means to resist. Prescott claimed that Tucson supported the move to
Phoenix only because they believed Prescott would support a future move to Tucson to avenge Phoenix. Prescott also claimed that by supporting the various
432:
could reach
Prescott, an alliance of representatives met privately and agreed to keep the capital in Prescott in exchange for support of other items. Proponents of moving the capital centered on the inaccessibility of Prescott in the winter, when it was often necessary to reach Prescott from
560:
Phoenix sought to exchange support with other areas for such things as additional funding for the Yuma prison and Tucson university ($ 50,000), and the separation of northeastern Yavapai County. It also provided money, as much as $ 10,000, to influence the votes of southern delegates.
548:
met. The southern counties realized that Yavapai County could be defeated if they worked together to move the capital from northern Arizona. The movement centered around Phoenix, with better climate, proximity to the major population centers of the territory, rail connection to the
609:, the legislator was from Yavapai County and the prostitute swallowed the eye at the behest of the Maricopa County legislators. The delegate, whose vote was needed to keep the capital in Prescott, refused to appear causing the bill to pass and the capital to move to Phoenix.
335:, in 1877, in its first action and despite the prior legislature's naming Tucson the permanent capital, voted to return it to Prescott effective January 1, 1879. Prescott had considerable political strength at the time, with twelve representatives in the legislature from
296:
moved it to Tucson in 1867. The move was controversial; Prescott residents were angered and accused several members of the legislature of accepting bribes and Governor McCormick of selling his support for the bill in exchange for assistance in his election to become the
580:
Prescott was even more disappointed because the move was effective immediately instead of January 1, 1891 (the start of the next legislature) which would have been customary. Despite the charges and complaints, Phoenix became Arizona's fourth and final capital.
490:
said Tucson should have the territory university instead of the capital. A vote to move the capital to Tucson failed with all but one of the alliance members voting "nay" as pledged. The alliance also succeeded in all their other objectives (preventing a new
568:
Tucson supported the move but had sympathy for Prescott, suggesting that the asylum be moved there in exchange. Tucson newspapers noted that the issue had been a "disturbing and corrupting element in territorial politics" and should be permanently settled.
459:
Tucson and Phoenix still wanted to host the capital. This legislature was allocating funds for many major projects. There were many rumors about delegations making deals, such as Tucson supporting moving the capital to Phoenix in exchange for receiving an
602:
then cast the tie-breaking vote to secure the capital for Phoenix. This story cannot be true as there was no one named Charlie Warren in the legislature and furthermore, there was no one-vote margin (13–9 and 9–2 in the two chambers).
393:. The Prescott and Tombstone representatives agreed to support each other as well as to jointly fight a bill that would rescind the "Bullion Tax" on mined ore that provided significant revenue to those towns.
515:
of 1887 by Tucson. There was concern by some prominent citizens of Tucson that another attempt could hinder development of the university. This, coupled with the new railroad connection from Prescott to
374:
Tucson, Phoenix, and "at the geographical center of this Territory". Tucson argued that Pima County was the ideal location because it had a large population, much mining wealth, was on the
589:
A popular legend about the 1889 vote to move the capital to Phoenix says that the block intending to move held a one-vote lead in the house before the vote. Delegate Charlie Warren of
174:
then partitioned the territory into the Arizona Territory in the west with New Mexico retaining the eastern part. This had the effect of splitting the area with confederate sympathy.
1109:
298:
162:
in 1853, there were several proposals for a division of the territory and the organization of a separate Arizona Territory. No proposal succeeded for a nearly decade until the
456:. The railroad would be a benefit to the mines, as well as make Prescott more easily reached. Prescott supporters hoped this would end attempts to move the capital elsewhere.
397:
Prescott–Tombstone alliance held together. Proposals for the matter to be decided by a vote of the people, or to be decided by the U.S. Congress both failed to gain support.
1119:
693:
1685:
1114:
1729:
573:
legislators rode a special train to Los Angeles and then back to Phoenix. Prescott newspapers alleged bribery by Phoenix and complicity by Governor
381:
Prescott realized that for it to keep the capital, it would have to counter Tucson and Phoenix by gaining support from other areas. The new town of
1734:
1151:
182:
1739:
998:
945:
914:
755:
545:
512:
413:
401:
370:
347:
1455:
378:, and had a favorable climate. Phoenix countered that it was prosperous agricultural area and the population midpoint of the territory.
332:
305:
289:
257:
1606:
1104:
1031:
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to be split from Cochise County, keeping the prison in Yuma, not regulating railroad fares) except one, a bill to disfranchise
772:
166:
when the southern part of the territory, more under the influence of southern sympathizers, attempted to secede and join the
1653:
1586:
448:
that crossed northern Arizona. A subsidy for construction of $ 292,000 was approved by the legislature, with the backing of
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445:
441:
167:
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1325:
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of 1885 addressed the issue again. Prior to the legislative session, a group of Tucson businessmen had raised a $ 5,000
260:, which met in September 1864, had the authority to move it and considered doing so. Two other locations were proposed,
205:
130:
over 25 years as political power shifted as the territory grew, developed, and stabilized. Each move was controversial.
1648:
1641:
1626:
1367:
1141:
146:
484:. While the Tucson delegation had been working to move the capital to Tucson, near the end of the session the Tucson
1724:
1435:
1237:
1126:
492:
1631:
1513:
1357:
1320:
1315:
1177:
1156:
1097:
550:
375:
1410:
1400:
1385:
536:
437:. Legislators who traveled that way were reimbursed thirteen cents per mile for up to a 2,200 mile round-trip.
355:
420:
to lobby for the return of the territorial capital. Before the Tucson delegates, delayed by flooding on the
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1440:
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250:
119:
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76:
34:
988:
747:
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1508:
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1335:
1310:
1305:
1275:
1260:
1255:
1187:
1131:
1054:
1017:
962:
606:
453:
351:
253:. Goodwin's decision was relayed to General Carleton who agreed and ordered the fort moved.
245:
155:
127:
97:
544:
The political climate relating to the location of the capital had changed by 1889 when the
204:
Territorial officials, en route to Arizona in 1863 to establish its government, arrived at
1558:
1523:
1290:
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574:
449:
362:
261:
230:
198:
186:
123:
55:
879:
667:
1672:
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1330:
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469:
265:
209:
212:. There they discussed a location for the Arizona capital with post commander General
1718:
1563:
1518:
1285:
1245:
473:
465:
461:
346:
The matter of the capital's location was still not settled and was re-visited in the
221:. The prior month, Carleton sent troops there to protect the miners and established
1596:
1352:
1280:
1265:
851:
Ehrlich, Karen Lynn (Fall 1981). "Arizona's Territorial Capital Moves to Phoenix".
553:. In addition, supporters said Phoenix had better restaurants and hotels, and the
540:
Phoenix City Hall, used as the capitol when the capital was first moved to the city
404:
in 1883 where one measure to move the capital to Phoenix died late in the session.
236:
Goodwin shortly concluded that the site was too far from the mining settlements on
218:
178:
280:
rivers in central Arizona. Efforts to move the capital to either location failed.
798:
434:
425:
390:
366:
277:
369:, Pima County had 16 representatives, Maricopa with 5, and Yavapai with 4. The
1611:
1601:
1040:
594:
524:), caused both Tucson newspapers to advocate keeping the capital in Prescott.
477:
417:
269:
241:
1700:
1687:
724:
598:
554:
773:"Did You Know: Capital Of Arizona Moved 4 Times Before Settling In Phoenix"
320:
The legislature met in the two story building (center) in Prescott (photo
233:
heeded the advice and traveled to the fort, arriving on January 20, 1864.
864:
605:
In another variation of the tale, attributed to Arizona state historian
350:
which met in January 1879. A bill was introduced to move the capital to
272:, and a new community named Aztlan to be located at the juncture of the
1044:
729:. San Francisco: Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company. pp. 118–119.
496:
256:
While the Governor had chosen Prescott as the site of the capital, the
189:, located in the southern part of the territory. The final bill, the
1009:
138:
535:
315:
145:
137:
1013:
694:"From Fort to Veteran's Affairs the latest chapter of Whipple"
288:
The capital remained in Prescott for several years until the
634:
Phoenix continued to be the capital after statehood in 1912.
249:
territorial capital two miles further south in what became
185:
to create Arizona stipulated that the capital would be in
800:
Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern Vol. II
181:
began immediately. The bill passed in March 1862 by the
331:
The capital was in Tucson for only a decade before the
557:
had space to temporarily house the capital functions.
308:
in 1875 voted to make Tucson the "permanent" capital.
142:
First Territorial Capital and Governor's Mansion, 1864
597:
the night before the vote. He supposedly placed his
444:
was proposed that year to connect Prescott with the
1572:
1454:
1366:
1236:
1165:
1063:
472:(near Phoenix), the territorial prison was kept in
201:on February 24, 1863, included no such language.
936:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp.
933:Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history
905:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp.
902:Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history
743:Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history
208:in New Mexico after a ten-week journey over the
771:Arroyo Rodriguez, Nadine (September 26, 2014).
746:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. p.
217:where a gold rush was attracting miners to the
343:(the southern home of Tucson) had only seven.
1025:
150:US Stamp SC #1068 Front Gadsden Purchase 1953
8:
993:, Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 84–,
400:The next meeting of the legislature was the
1032:
1018:
1010:
93:
72:
51:
30:
20:
666:. University of San Diego. Archived from
625:not including January – February 7, 1889
197:in February 1863 and signed into law by
990:The Uniting States: Alabama to Kentucky
647:
618:
96:
75:
54:
33:
23:
16:Capital cities of pre-statehood Arizona
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
385:in Pima County wanted to split off as
183:United States House of Representatives
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
803:. Chicago: S. J. Clarke. p. 330.
687:
685:
365:of the legislative districts per the
134:Background and first Prescott capital
7:
961:Bell, Bob Boze (February 17, 2016).
653:
651:
476:, and a bridge was built across the
452:mining interests including Governor
442:Prescott and Arizona Central Railway
371:11th Arizona Territorial Legislature
348:10th Arizona Territorial Legislature
464:. The asylum was put in Phoenix, a
333:9th Arizona Territorial Legislature
306:8th Arizona Territorial Legislature
290:4th Arizona Territorial Legislature
268:at the state's western border with
258:1st Arizona Territorial Legislature
126:, back to Prescott, and finally to
698:Sharlot Hall Archive & Library
177:Conflict over the location of the
14:
660:"Arizona's Role in the Civil War"
24:Capitals of the Arizona Territory
1730:Pre-statehood history of Arizona
1666:
884:. Boston: Page Company. p.
299:Territorial Delegate to Congress
1587:Aztec Land & Cattle Company
499:. A final bill established the
1735:History of Arizona by location
878:James, George Wharton (1917).
1:
963:"The Legend of Kissing Jenny"
797:McClintock, James H. (1916).
723:Farish, Thomas Edwin (1916).
446:Atlantic and Pacific Railroad
321:
168:Confederate States of America
1740:History of the American West
1326:San Francisco Volcanic Field
987:Benjamin F. Shearer (2004),
358:, but it died in committee.
726:History of Arizona, Vol III
511:No action was taken in the
468:(teachers college) went to
424:, forcing a detour through
1756:
507:14th Legislature proposals
408:13th Legislature proposals
1662:
1316:Phoenix Metropolitan Area
1110:Congressional Delegations
1051:
551:Southern Pacific Railroad
376:Southern Pacific Railroad
199:President Abraham Lincoln
930:Wagoner, Jay J. (1970).
899:Wagoner, Jay J. (1970).
740:Wagoner, Jay J. (1970).
1592:Battle of Ambos Nogales
881:Arizona, The Wonderland
312:Prescott, second tenure
692:Bates, Al (May 2000).
541:
513:Fourteenth Legislature
487:Arizona Weekly Citizen
430:Sacramento, California
414:Thirteenth Legislature
389:with Tombstone as the
328:
219:Walker Mining District
172:United States Congress
151:
143:
1622:Territorial evolution
1617:Sitgreaves Expedition
1296:North Central Arizona
546:Fifteenth Legislature
539:
501:University of Arizona
433:southern Arizona via
354:in centrally-located
339:, while second-place
319:
149:
141:
1251:Arizona Sun Corridor
967:truewestmagazine.com
853:Arizona and the West
664:history.sandiego.edu
493:Sierra Bonita County
294:Richard C. McCormick
214:James Henry Carleton
195:United States Senate
160:New Mexico Territory
1697: /
1341:Traditional Arizona
1152:Tourist attractions
704:on October 24, 2016
595:lady of the evening
225:, near present-day
191:Arizona Organic Act
122:, but was moved to
118:was established in
114:The capital of the
1673:Arizona portal
542:
528:action was taken.
329:
164:American Civil War
152:
144:
1725:Arizona Territory
1680:
1679:
1582:Arizona Territory
1301:Northeast Arizona
1000:978-0-313-33105-3
947:978-0-8165-0176-2
916:978-0-8165-0176-2
757:978-0-8165-0176-2
518:Prescott Junction
116:Arizona Territory
112:
111:
108:
107:
87:
86:
66:
65:
45:
44:
1747:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1701:34.05°N 111.09°W
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1654:Women's suffrage
1514:Lake Havasu City
1336:Southern Arizona
1311:Oak Creek Canyon
1306:Northern Arizona
1276:Mogollon Plateau
1261:Colorado Plateau
1256:Coconino Plateau
1137:Native Americans
1034:
1027:
1020:
1011:
1004:
1003:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
958:
952:
951:
927:
921:
920:
896:
890:
889:
875:
869:
868:
848:
805:
804:
794:
788:
787:
785:
783:
768:
762:
761:
737:
731:
730:
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
700:. Archived from
689:
680:
679:
677:
675:
670:on July 19, 2008
658:Paul Bisceglia.
655:
635:
632:
626:
623:
607:Marshall Trimble
454:Frederick Tritle
326:
323:
246:Hassayampa Creek
193:, passed by the
156:Gadsden Purchase
94:
73:
52:
31:
21:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1568:
1450:
1362:
1358:White Mountains
1348:Transition zone
1291:Monument Valley
1232:
1161:
1120:Representatives
1059:
1047:
1038:
1008:
1007:
1001:
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
960:
959:
955:
948:
929:
928:
924:
917:
898:
897:
893:
877:
876:
872:
850:
849:
808:
796:
795:
791:
781:
779:
770:
769:
765:
758:
739:
738:
734:
722:
721:
717:
707:
705:
691:
690:
683:
673:
671:
657:
656:
649:
644:
639:
638:
633:
629:
624:
620:
615:
587:
534:
509:
410:
363:reapportionment
356:Maricopa County
324:
314:
286:
231:John N. Goodwin
136:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1706:34.05; -111.09
1678:
1677:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Pah-Ute County
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
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1536:
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1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
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1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
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1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
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1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1331:Sonoran Desert
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Kaibab Plateau
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Climate change
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1157:Transportation
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1005:
999:
979:
953:
946:
922:
915:
891:
870:
859:(3): 231–242.
806:
789:
763:
756:
732:
715:
681:
646:
645:
643:
640:
637:
636:
627:
617:
616:
614:
611:
586:
583:
533:
530:
508:
505:
409:
406:
387:Cochise County
337:Yavapai County
313:
310:
285:
282:
266:Colorado River
210:Santa Fe Trail
135:
132:
110:
109:
106:
105:
101:
100:
89:
88:
85:
84:
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79:
68:
67:
64:
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59:
58:
47:
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43:
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38:
37:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1752:
1741:
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1733:
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1522:
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1517:
1515:
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1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
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1649:World War II
1597:Hualapai War
1549:Sierra Vista
1353:Verde Valley
1321:Safford area
1281:Mogollon Rim
1266:Grand Canyon
1228:Homelessness
1193:Demographics
1088:Constitution
1053:
989:
982:
970:. Retrieved
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780:. Retrieved
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702:the original
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264:, along the
255:
235:
227:Chino Valley
223:Fort Whipple
203:
176:
153:
113:
18:
1704: /
1479:Casa Grande
1218:LGBT rights
1098:Legislature
1073:Agriculture
708:January 14,
503:in Tucson.
435:Los Angeles
426:Los Angeles
391:county seat
367:1880 census
341:Pima County
325: 1876
229:. Governor
1719:Categories
1612:Sheep wars
1602:Mohave War
1539:Scottsdale
1436:Santa Cruz
1083:Government
972:January 9,
782:January 9,
674:January 9,
642:References
593:engaged a
478:Gila River
422:Salt River
418:slush fund
270:California
242:Lynx Creek
206:Fort Union
154:After the
1489:Flagstaff
1208:Elections
1203:Education
1078:Geography
1058:(capital)
599:glass eye
555:City Hall
383:Tombstone
92:1889–1911
71:1879–1888
50:1868–1878
29:1864–1867
1692:111°05′W
1627:Timeline
1544:Surprise
1534:Prescott
1504:Goodyear
1499:Glendale
1484:Chandler
1464:Avondale
1411:Maricopa
1401:Greenlee
1386:Coconino
1368:Counties
1223:Politics
1213:Gun laws
1173:Abortion
1115:Senators
1093:Governor
865:40169162
522:Seligman
482:Florence
251:Prescott
120:Prescott
104:23 years
83:10 years
77:Prescott
62:11 years
35:Prescott
1689:34°03′N
1637:Phoenix
1574:History
1529:Phoenix
1509:Kingman
1494:Gilbert
1469:Buckeye
1441:Yavapai
1381:Cochise
1238:Regions
1198:Economy
1183:Culture
1166:Society
1147:Symbols
1127:Museums
1055:Phoenix
1045:Arizona
907:206–207
585:Legends
532:Phoenix
497:Mormons
402:Twelfth
352:Phoenix
179:capital
128:Phoenix
98:Phoenix
41:4 years
1642:Tucson
1559:Tucson
1524:Peoria
1456:Cities
1421:Navajo
1416:Mohave
1406:La Paz
1396:Graham
1376:Apache
1142:People
1065:Topics
997:
944:
913:
863:
754:
591:Bisbee
575:Zulick
450:Jerome
361:After
284:Tucson
262:La Paz
244:, and
187:Tucson
170:. The
124:Tucson
56:Tucson
1554:Tempe
1431:Pinal
1188:Crime
1132:Music
1105:Index
1041:State
861:JSTOR
613:Notes
520:(now
470:Tempe
278:Verde
1632:Mesa
1564:Yuma
1519:Mesa
1446:Yuma
1426:Pima
1391:Gila
995:ISBN
974:2019
942:ISBN
911:ISBN
784:2019
777:kjzz
752:ISBN
710:2019
676:2019
474:Yuma
440:The
428:and
412:The
304:The
276:and
274:Salt
1043:of
938:225
886:225
480:in
1721::
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809:^
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684:^
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322:c.
240:,
1033:e
1026:t
1019:v
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327:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
