267:. In 1902, following a direct attack on Arochukwu and months of fighting, the British were victorious. The Aro Confederacy's power was shattered, making it easier for the British to take over the Eastern Nigerian region although resistance in the area was far from over. Although Aro dominance crumbled in March 1902, many Aros took part in later resistances against the British in the region such as
147:
By the mid-18th century, there were mass migrations of several Aro business families all over
Eastern Nigeria and surrounding areas. This migration, influence of their god Chukwu Abiama through priests, and their military power supported by alliances with several related neighboring Igbo and eastern
255:, colonialism, and end of their monopoly would destroy Aro economic rule. Also the British felt that repeated Aro attacks rendered outright war inescapable. They made plans for war in 1899. The conflict had both religious and economic causes. Aro traders and the
129:
area. They led Akpa forces into the Aro territory to assist their Igbo allies to victory. However, this came at the cost of Osim losing his life at the start of the 18th century. With the Akpas and Igbos being victorious, the
291:
in 1967–1970. After the war, the Aros and the rest of the Igbo People suffered discrimination from other
Nigerians. Aro culture suffered. However, they are currently efforts to unite Aro people and revive their culture.
134:
kingdom was founded with Akuma as its first king or EzeAro. After Akuma died, the Igbo took over the throne starting with Nnachi's son Oke Nnachi in 1720. Many changes occurred as
Arochukwu expanded into 19
235:
also of
Arondizuogu expanded the state's borders through warfare in the start of the 19th century. The Aro Confederacy's power, however, was mostly derived from its economic and religious position. With
79:
among the Ibibio in the Aro territory started around the 17th century. Tensions escalated between the Eze Agwu group led by Agwu Inobia and Obong Okon Ita kingdom led by
91:
were originally from the Ibom
Kingdom and might have left before or during the Aro-Ibibio Wars. Neither group had a victorious position in the war. Eze Agwu asked
207:, and Igbo. The Aros formed a strong trading network, colonies, and incorporated hundreds of communities that formed into powerful kingdoms. The
219:
Kingdoms were the most powerful Aro states in the
Confederacy after Arochukwu. Some were founded and named after Commanders and Chiefs like
110:'s coup against his brother Akpan Okon. The war escalated and Nnachi called on Eastern Cross River allies for assistance.
332:
139:
due to the increasing population and Aro colonies were forming throughout the area now known as
Southern Nigeria.
237:
287:
won independence from Great
Britain in 1960, ethnic tensions rose between the regions resulting in the
118:
256:
216:
288:
228:
251:
colonialism in the late 19th century turned Anglo-Aro relations sour. Aro leaders knew that
188:
169:
84:
44:
248:
220:
192:
107:
337:
326:
264:
232:
36:
252:
40:
317:
212:
204:
200:
176:
165:
136:
88:
68:
52:
32:
275:(1905), and other areas where the Aro had a particularly significant presence.
80:
131:
48:
20:
301:
180:
72:
56:
308:
284:
240:
colonists on their way at the end of the 19th century, things changed.
196:
157:
126:
76:
268:
208:
161:
149:
103:
95:
92:
260:
224:
184:
272:
153:
122:
99:
311:
199:, as well as other slave trading city-states controlled by the
47:. This proto Ibibio group originally came from Usak Edet (
179:
city-states become important centers for the export of
231:
35:arrival in the Aro territory, a group of proto
318:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234668786.pdf
148:Cross River militarized states (particularly
114:Akpa invasion and the foundation of Arochukwu
106:for help. The alliance also supported prince
8:
19:starts from Ibibio migration to the present
259:, had their own issues. An Aro invasion of
39:migrated to the area and established the
183:and slaves. Such city-states included
309:https://archive.today/20041205014430/
7:
14:
302:Arochukwu Network geography page
168:, etc.) quickly established the
227:whom led Aro forces to conquer
175:Aro activities helped coastal
172:as a regional economic power.
1:
354:
125:merchant princes from the
55:in present-day Southern
263:in 1901 started the
119:Osim and Akuma Nnubi
51:), a segment of the
333:History of Igboland
257:Royal Niger Company
289:Nigerian Civil War
83:resulting in the
71:migration led by
345:
244:British conquest
353:
352:
348:
347:
346:
344:
343:
342:
323:
322:
298:
281:
246:
170:Aro Confederacy
145:
143:Aro Confederacy
116:
85:Aro-Ibibio Wars
65:
45:Bantu expansion
29:
27:Ibibio presence
12:
11:
5:
351:
349:
341:
340:
335:
325:
324:
321:
320:
305:
304:
297:
294:
280:
277:
245:
242:
221:Izuogu Mgbokpo
144:
141:
115:
112:
108:Akakpokpo Okon
64:
63:Igbo migration
61:
28:
25:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
350:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
328:
319:
316:
315:
314:
312:
310:
303:
300:
299:
295:
293:
290:
286:
278:
276:
274:
271:(1902–1903),
270:
266:
265:Anglo-Aro War
262:
258:
254:
250:
243:
241:
239:
234:
233:Okoro Idozuka
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
142:
140:
138:
133:
128:
124:
120:
113:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
24:
22:
18:
306:
282:
253:Christianity
247:
174:
146:
117:
66:
41:Ibom Kingdom
30:
16:
15:
213:Arondizuogu
177:Niger Delta
137:city-states
43:during the
17:Aro History
327:Categories
296:References
102:clan near
81:Akpan Okon
75:clan from
132:Arochukwu
49:Isanguele
21:Arochukwu
238:European
229:Ikpa Ora
181:palm oil
73:Eze Agwu
57:Cameroon
285:Nigeria
279:Nigeria
249:British
197:Calabar
158:Abiriba
127:Akamkpa
98:of the
77:Abiriba
53:Ejagham
31:Before
269:Afikpo
215:, and
209:Ajalli
162:Afikpo
150:Ohafia
104:Afikpo
96:Nnachi
93:Priest
87:. The
37:Ibibio
23:area.
283:When
261:Obegu
225:Iheme
217:Bende
193:Brass
189:Bonny
185:Opobo
121:were
338:Aros
273:Ezza
223:and
205:Efik
201:Ijaw
166:Ekoi
154:Abam
123:Akpa
100:Edda
89:Efik
69:Igbo
67:The
33:Igbo
329::
313:)
211:,
203:,
195:,
191:,
187:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
59:.
307:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.