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1084:. One observer noted that "Poland had only few armoured trains, but their officers and soldiers were fighting well. Again and again they were emerging from a cover in thick forests, disturbing German lines". One under-appreciated aspect of so many Polish armoured trains being deployed during the Polish Defensive War in 1939 is that when German planes attacked the railroads, it was usually the tracks themselves. As late as 17 September, three fresh divisions in the east were moved westward by train. On 18 September, three more divisions followed.
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tanks were placed at the platform wagon and armored construction was built around the hull. Trains saw combat near Stará Kremnička, Čremošné, around Brezno. Later they were abandoned near
Harmanec. Some of train cars were later used by Germans for training and for patrolling. Two original cars from
656:
was placed on a swivel mount at the opposite end of the wagon from the pushing locomotive. The sides of the wagon were sheathed with 2.5-inch (6.4 cm) oak planks covered with 0.5-inch (1.3 cm) boiler plate. The end of the wagon around the howitzer was fitted with hinged 2-foot (61 cm)
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to reintroduce armoured trains into its own armies. Germany then used them to a small degree during World War II. They introduced significant designs of a versatile and well-equipped nature, including railcars which housed anti-aircraft gun turrets, or designed to load and unload tanks and railcars
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factories. As a result, the trains ranged from little more than sandbagged flatbeds to the heavily armed and armoured trains produced by the naval engineers. An attempt to standardise the design from
October 1919 only had limited success. By the end of the war the Bolshevik forces had 103 armoured
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railways. The first three armoured trains with fully volunteer crews formed the backbone of the front in critical early stages of conflict. Carriages were former goods carriages and at first armor was limited to wood and sand, but later steel plating, machine guns, and cannons were added. Estonia
886:
locomotive, three to five gun cars, two to four ammo cars and a command car; there were three types of armed train, one with 152 mm guns, another with 120 mm guns and the last with 76 mm AA guns. These trains were considered overall a success, and blunted attempted Austro-Hungarian
250:, which includes a large-caliber gun and its crew, but without special protection from them. Trains simply equipped with light weapons without elaborate protective devices, e. g. a simple wagon with a few machine guns sheltered behind sandbags, are also not considered to be armoured trains.
760:
665:. The remainder of the wagon contained fifty ports for riflemen. The wagon was effective for its original purpose, but vulnerability to artillery rendered such wagons of comparatively little use during later stages of the war. In August 1864, a Confederate raiding party disabled a
752:, Churchill wrote "Nothing looks more formidable and impressive than an armoured train; but nothing is in fact more vulnerable and helpless. It was only necessary to blow up a bridge of culvert to leave the monster stranded, far from home and help, at the mercy of the enemy".
1412:
missile, but the damage was minor, as most of the train was covered with thick sheets of rubber which caused the missile's warhead to explode too early to do any real damage. The train was eventually destroyed by its own crew lest it fall into enemy hands during
745:
accompanied the mission as a war correspondent. The train was ambushed and part-derailed, and
Haldane, Churchill and some 70 of the troops were captured after a fire-fight, although the locomotive got away with the wounded. Recalling his experience in
689:, outlining a new way to employ heavy artillery. In 1894, when he had become commanding officer of the 1st Sussex AV, railway workers among the volunteers of No 6 Garrison Company manned an armoured train constructed in the workshops of the
910:. Each train consists six wagons, Two wagons of each trains were ceiling less, each train consists 12-pounder guns, two Maxim heavy machine guns, two mine-exploding wagons, search light truck and a dynamo telegraph accommodation truck.
1487:, supply vehicles and equipment for railway repairs. They were all mounted on open platforms or in special rail cars. Different parts of the train were protected with 5–20 mm thick armour. These trains were used by the
194:
from the inside of the train, especially in earlier armoured trains. For the most part, they were used during the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, when they offered an innovative way to quickly move large amounts of
484:. One such example was the 'Littorina' armoured trolley which had a cab in the front and rear, each with a control set so it could be driven down the tracks in either direction. Littorina mounted two dual 7.92 mm
2859:
609:, White Russian emigrants in the service of Marshal Zhang Zuchang built 14 armored trains in 1924–1928. Some of them, for example "Peking" ("Beijing") were built on the model of the First World War of the type "
2101:
206:
and attacks from the air, and air transportation was an even more flexible way to relocate firepower to a new location. However, there have been occasional uses in the late 20th century and early 21st century.
866:
controlled by a mechanical connection. The intention was that the infantry, with artillery support from the train's guns, was to hold off a hostile landing force until reinforcements could be deployed.
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with a 76 mm cannon, a 40 mm Bofors, a 20 mm cannon, twin 57 mm rocket launchers and a 120 mm mortar, plus several machine guns of between 12.7 and 7.62 mm. During the
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with a shield composed of two plates, one 8 mm and the other 6 mm thick, with a 30–50 mm gap filled with sand between them. The vehicle was armed with 12.7 mm machine guns.
477:
Different types of armour were used to protect from attack by tanks. In addition to various metal plates, concrete and sandbags were used in some cases for improvised armoured trains.
473:, but this never got past the planning stage. The US also used an armoured Department of Energy Nuclear Weapons Transport Train, not for fighting but for transport within the country
1110:
1209:, and could accommodate a full infantry company. The No 1 Armoured Train entered service in June 1942, was put into reserve in September 1943, and dismantled the following year.
2596:
1549:
An armoured train made up of two diesel locomotives powering eight various railcars, which carried anti-aircraft weaponry and unknown cargo supported the southern flank of the
1142:
railway factory in very short time – Štefánik was built just in 14 days, Hurban in 11 days. Boiler plates were used as the armor. In case of tank cars, whole tanks were used –
1043:
After the First World War the use of armoured trains declined. They were used in China in the twenties and early thirties during the
Chinese Civil War, most notably by the
645:. The railroad had been attacked by southern forces to prevent transport of Union soldiers to the front, and snipers were discouraging men attempting to repair the damage.
138:
located in Zvolen, Slovakia. It is not the original, but a replica used in a film. Only two preserved original cars from the other train exist; they are exhibited in the
787:
Russia used a mix of light and heavy armoured trains. The heavy trains mounted 4.2 inch or 6 inch guns; the light trains were equipped with 7.62 mm guns.
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2093:
642:
2240:
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to patrol rail routes on stretches of coast considered vulnerable to amphibious assault. The trains comprised two gun trucks, one at each end, mounted with a
1567:
assets to build
Yenisei. Russia released video of another armoured train in June 2022. In total, Russia's armoured train fleet consist of four known trains:
202:
Most countries have discontinued their use since road vehicles became much more powerful and offered more flexibility, train tracks proved too vulnerable to
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had a large number of armoured trains at the start of World War II but many were lost in 1941. Trains built later in the war tended to be fitted with
1092:
which had complete armour protection with a large concealed gun/howitzer. Germany also had fully armoured locomotives which were used on such trains.
813:
690:
1563:
used in
Ukraine was later reported in more detail; it was made up of two locomotives and eight cars. Ukrainian sources accused Russia of stealing
353:
used as an armoured reconnaissance draisine, an attempt to overcome one of the inflexibilities of the armoured train – being limited to the track
657:
panels which could be temporarily lifted to aim and fire the howitzer and then lowered to protect the crew of six men loading the howitzer with
139:
1290:; Allied air superiority did not allow them to have any meaningful role, and eventually they were all abandoned and destroyed by their crews.
1190:. Others were fitted as specialist anti-aircraft batteries. A few were fitted as heavy artillery batteries often using guns taken from ships.
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2274:
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protected, was marshalled into the centre of the train. The driver took up a position at whichever end of the train was leading, with the
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in 1917. The Slovak
National Uprising, better known for its armoured trains described above, also used at least one makeshift example.
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succeeding in destroying the launchers for a retaliatory strike). The US at one time proposed having a railway-based system for the
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1400:. Composed of three fighting cars and three freight cars hooked to the front to protect it from mine blasts, the train carried a
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226:", the Department of Energy Nuclear Weapons Transport Train, armoured and escorted by personnel armed with personal weapons.
98:
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Armoured trains were historically fighting systems, equipped with heavy weapons such as artillery. An exception was the US "
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led to the cancellation of the programme, with all remaining railway-based missiles finally being deactivated in 2005.
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2776:- Fes·kov, Vitalij I; Kalašnikov, Konstantin A; Golikov, Valerij I; Tomsk Izdat. Tomskogo University. 2004, Page 246-
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in 1994, it was attacked on a few occasions with antitank rocket-propelled grenades and 76 mm guns and hit by a
274:
1522:
Regular armoured trains have continued to be used by the post-Soviet
Russian military. Two were deployed during the
2062:
1492:
1484:
1205:
to the
Pacific coast, against a possible Japanese seaborne raid. The train was equipped with a 75 mm gun, two
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until the last one was withdrawn in
November 1944. A 6-pounder wagon from one of these trains is preserved at the
1037:
854:. Inboard of each gun truck was a truck for infantry quarters. This was also armoured, with observation ports and
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278:
44:
3005:
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1681:"Russian 'Armored Train' Equipped With Automatic Cannons & Painted With 'Z' Mark Joins The Ukraine Invasion"
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as both a cargo-carrier and a mobile surveillance unit. In February 1951 the first Rafale was in service on the
238:
84:
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2860:"The Russians have developed an armored train "Yenisei" from diesel locomotives stolen in the Kharkiv region"
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was closed round the town. On 15 November 1899 it left the town on reconnaissance manned by a company of the
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625:(1946–1954), a number of countries had armoured trains during the Cold War, and they were used during the
329:
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operated a similar train that was ambushed and destroyed in October 1992 at the entrance to the town of
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locomotive pushing an armoured wagon, and then piled ties around the armoured wagon and set them afire.
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while from 1947 to May 1952 the second one which was escorted by onboard Cambodian troops of the BSPP (
338:, in 1939. From the left: artillery wagon, infantry assault wagon, armoured locomotive, artillery wagon
1151:
tank inside) and machine gun car, and they are exhibited in the Museum of Slovak National Uprising in
2029:
1221:
1123:
976:
954:
851:
155:
135:
20:
368:, along with a mixture of other support weapons such as machine guns and rocket launchers. See also
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1163:. This replica differs in comparison with the original trains by having bigger turrets from the
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143:
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Le 5e Régiment du Génie d'hier et d'aujourd'hui : l'aventure des Sapeurs de chemins de fer
2529:
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quick firing gun and a machine gun; an armoured cabin behind the artillery piece contained the
527:
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and the latter used heavily for state visits to China and Russia as he had a fear of flying.
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2415:
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1472:
1471:. According to different accounts, four or five trains were built. Every train included ten
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Twelve armoured trains were formed in Britain in 1940 as part of the preparations to face
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2848:(video). Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. 14 June 2022 – via Youtube.
357:
The rail cars on an armoured train were designed for many tasks. Typical roles included:
2792:
1417:, Croatia's successful effort to reclaim the territories under occupation by Serbs. The
1286:, and suffering heavy damage by return fire. By 1943, eight trains had been deployed to
771:
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984:, which consisted of 3 armoured trains. The regiment was dissolved in 1940, after the
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on 15 November 1899; the Boers captured Churchill and many of the train's contingent.
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2134:
1985:
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1377:
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to intimidate nationalist paramilitary units in 1990 during the early stages of the
941:. Many were improvised by locals, others were constructed by naval engineers at the
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control), nine for anti-ship duties and three for AA duties; six were assigned to
2213:
1726:
1220:
guns and six Bren Guns. They were operated by Royal Engineer crews and manned by
882:; each train was supplemented by a support one. Each armed train was formed by a
244:
2946:
1630:
1488:
1448:
1444:
1422:
1401:
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forces in the Russian Civil War used a wide range of armoured trains, including
899:
895:
855:
835:
784:
641:
The most successful armed train was a single armoured wagon built to defend the
598:
583:
381:
263:
223:
187:
179:
33:
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961:(and of Russia itself) during the Russian Civil War at the end of World War I.
234:
An armoured train is characterized by the armour from which it takes its name.
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1347:
1343:
1187:
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934:
801:
436:
412:
406:
191:
183:
2014:
1900:
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also utilized armored trains. First in the 1920s, to guard the rail lines in
1850:(Spring 1974). The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society: 51–53. 1974.
1426:
1358:
1355:
1331:
1271:
1252:
1062:
A typical Polish artillery car from 1939. Such cars were used in the trains
1013:
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843:
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444:
428:
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196:
175:
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2594:#234, Alexis Neviaski, 2004, quoted in the French Defense Ministry archives
3010:
1159:– it is a replica of armoured train Hurban, which was built for the movie
713:, most famously a train that was extemporised in the railway workshops at
537:
locomotive derailed on 12 October 1899 during the first engagement of the
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Armoured trains were sometimes escorted by a kind of rail-tank called a
1709:"Russia has released video of an armoured train moving through Ukraine"
1543:
1467:, the USSR developed armoured trains in the early 1970s to protect the
1335:
1224:
troops. In late 1940 preparations began to hand the trains over to the
1164:
1044:
964:
957:
used heavily armed and armoured trains to control large lengths of the
922:
839:
650:
454:
396:– similar to infantry wagons, but designed to be a train command centre
2382:"Foto a video: Pancierový vlak Štefánik dobojoval, skončí v Múzeu SNP"
1862:
The Volunteer Artillery 1859–1908 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)
1607:
used at least one armoured tram during the fighting for Moscow in the
1032:. The armoured trains were used from 1920 to 1935. The first of them,
601:(1914–1918). The most intensive use of armoured trains was during the
1539:
1327:
1287:
1156:
1139:
980:
later created a regiment for its armoured trains in 1934, called the
890:
Two armoured trains were produced in the railway workshop located at
208:
1122:, the Slovak resistance used three armoured trains. They were named
2826:"Ополченцы соорудили бронепоезд для защиты от украинских силовиков"
2094:"Iraq: UK offers assistance in restoring railway workshop in Ajmer"
1507:
1297:
1109:
1094:
1057:
997:
917:
891:
822:
770:
759:
589:
Early in the 20th century, Russia used armoured trains during the
576:
411:
Platform – unarmoured, used for any purpose from the transport of
341:
323:
167:
1951:, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979/abridged edition 1993,
1603:
have also been used, although not purpose-built. The just-formed
1266:
In 1940 Italy had twelve armed trains ready for use (again under
1103:
World War II era armoured train BP-44 from the railway museum in
838:
during 1915 for British coastal defense duties; one was based in
551:
Armoured and armed trains saw use during the 19th century in the
1600:
1546:
were pictured operating a homemade armoured train in late 2015.
1503:
1282:, shelling French forts in support of an Italian attack towards
1179:
903:
485:
458:
403:
378:– designed to carry infantry units, may also mount machine guns.
1147:
the Štefánik train are preserved – the tank car (with original
3000:
1822:
Paris Guide - France in the old photos: famous sights, museums
575:, was travelling on an armoured train which was ambushed by a
516:
An 1861 "Railroad battery" used to protect workers during the
415:
or vehicles, through track repair or derailing protection, to
347:
257:
27:
2774:
Sovetskaja Armija v gody "cholodnoj vojny" : (1945–1991)
2242:
Tapal paiknenud soomusrongirügement sõnas ja pildis 1923–1940
2005:
Pratt, Edwin A. (1921). "Armoured trains for coast defence".
1232:. They continued in use in Scotland and were operated by the
2530:
Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page: Improvised Armored Train
1659:"A Russian Armored Train Has Joined The Invasion Of Ukraine"
991:, and its railway artillery cannons were transferred to the
2922:Мы мирные люди, но наш бронепоезд стоит на трамвайном пути!
1463:
Facing the threat of Chinese cross-border raids during the
870:
Italy fitted twelve armed trains (under the control of the
2682:
2680:
858:
for rifle fire. The armoured locomotive, with the cab and
2552:
Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page: Type 94 Armored Train
2541:
Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page: Special Armored Train
447:, which could quickly drive down a ramp and pursue enemy
2258:
Lietuvos kariuomenės šarvuotieji traukiniai 1920–1940 m.
2588:
L'audace du rail : les trains blindés du Sud-Annam
2322:- Karschkes, Helmut, DVG Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft,
2269:(in Lithuanian). Vytauto Didžiojo karo muziejus. 2016.
2081:. Bologna: Ermanno Albertelli Editore. pp. 79–83.
1429:. The wreckage was later converted into a museum. The
1361:
who destroyed or mined stone bridges when passing by.
1240:. A miniature armoured train ran on the 15-inch gauge
621:(1939–1945) saw more. The French used them during the
567:(1880–1881 and 1899–1902). During the Second Boer War
1883:"Shoreham Fort - The 1st Sussex Artillery Volunteers"
1506:
mounted on armoured trains; the Soviets deployed the
687:
The Armoured Train for Coast Defence in Great Britain
2687:"Krajina Express" enhances Serb Firepower near Bihac
1534:. Outside of the formal Russian military hierarchy,
465:
ICBMs by the late 1980s (to reduce the chances of a
1972:, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2001, p. 52.
174:and which often includes railway wagons armed with
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2376:
2374:
2372:
1502:, both superpowers began to develop railway-based
1114:A German BP42 armoured train in the Balkans, 1943.
2418:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two
2183:"Armoured trains in Estonian War of Independence"
2136:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two
1917:, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1948, pp. 139–46.
1787:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two
2263:Armoured trains of the Lithuanian Army 1920–1940
2212:Õun, Mati; Noormets, Tiit; Pihlak, Jaak (2003).
2058:"February 1919: First World War armoured trains"
2215:Eesti soomusrongid ja soomusronglased 1918–1941
1451:, which the former received as a gift from the
967:built a total of 13 armoured trains during the
677:In 1884 Charles Gervaise Boxall (1852–1914), a
649:modified a baggage wagon in late April 1861. A
643:Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad
211:has used improvised armoured trains during the
2666:French Defense Ministry archives ECPAD website
2648:French Defense Ministry archives ECPAD website
2630:French Defense Ministry archives ECPAD website
2612:French Defense Ministry archives ECPAD website
2305:"Armored Car Like Oil Tanker Used by Chinese"
1367:'s army operated an armoured train during the
2906:Московские трамваи в боях за Советскую власть
2470:The Armoured Train: its development and usage
1750:
1748:
1433:deployed a two-wagon armoured train built in
1050:, who employed refugee Russians to man them.
925:improvised armoured train in 1919 during the
804:armoured train from Britain, armed with four
431:would sometimes use a flatbed car to carry a
402:– equipped with anti-tank guns, usually in a
8:
3016:The armored trains that turned the Civil War
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2009:. Vol. 2. London: Selwyn & Blount.
1759:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. p. 7.
1193:Canada used an armoured train to patrol the
1080:used armoured trains extensively during the
617:saw a little use of armoured trains, though
593:. Armoured trains were also used during the
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
1371:; it was derailed and destroyed during the
1354:. In 1953 both trains were attacked by the
1016:had three armoured trains, named after the
292:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2414:Zaloga, Steven J; Grandsen, James (1984).
2386:Bystricoviny.sk - správy - kultúra - šport
2132:Zaloga, Steven J; Grandsen, James (1984).
1783:Zaloga, Steven J; Grandsen, James (1984).
1778:
1776:
1510:missile in 1987, but budget costs and the
1278:. One of them was heavily involved in the
19:For the 1927 play by Vsevolod Ivanov, see
1703:
1701:
1425:by Bosnian Muslim forces that included a
793:also fielded armoured trains against the
312:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
2501:"The Romney Hythe and Dymchurch Railway"
2449:In Times of War: Prince Rupert 1939-1945
2363:"Múzeum Slovenského národného povstania"
2079:Artiglierie ferroviarie e treni blindati
2030:"Armoured trains in the First World War"
1384:An improvised armoured train named the "
834:Two armoured trains were constructed at
691:London, Brighton and South Coast Railway
129:
2845:Russian special armored train "Yenisei"
1902:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1646:
1443:that remains in regular use is that of
693:(of which the unit's Honorary Colonel,
2970:Zaloga, Steven J; Bryan, Tony (2008).
2793:Last armored trains of the Soviet Army
2181:Rosenthal, Reigo (28 September 2012).
1860:Norman Litchfield & Ray Westlake,
1755:Zaloga, Steven J; Bryan, Tony (2008).
1396:of the early 1990s by the army of the
435:light tank, such as a captured French
390:– equipped with anti-aircraft weapons.
140:Museum of the Slovak National Uprising
3011:Website on the Polish armoured trains
2357:
2355:
2245:(in Estonian). Tapa: Trükk Pakett AS.
1340:Brigade de Surveillance de Phnom Penh
7:
1864:, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1982,
1674:
1672:
1652:
1650:
1255:and later when they engaged Chinese
709:employed armoured trains during the
290:adding citations to reliable sources
56:adding citations to reliable sources
2056:Nathan, Stuart (13 February 2017).
1657:Trevithick, Joseph (7 March 2022).
681:-born solicitor and officer in the
2729:"Panoramio is no longer available"
2422:. Arms and Armour Press. pp.
2338:see also Wolfgang Sawodny (2003):
2218:(in Estonian). Tallinn: Sentinel.
2140:. Arms and Armour Press. pp.
2007:British railways and the great war
1322:used the armoured and armed train
1242:Romney Hythe and Dymchurch Railway
1216:; these were initially armed with
14:
2974:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1930:, London: Cassell 1959/Pan 1974,
1791:. Arms and Armour Press. p.
1733:from the original on 22 June 2012
729:, a company of volunteers of the
613:" (later the Czech "Orlik"). The
2104:from the original on 6 June 2019
1679:Dangwal, Ashish (9 March 2022).
1551:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1512:changing international situation
1155:. Another train is exhibited in
878:coast from raids on part of the
631:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
526:
509:
262:
32:
1203:Prince Rupert, British Columbia
829:National Rail Museum, New Delhi
767:mobile artillery battery (1914)
683:1st Sussex Artillery Volunteers
43:needs additional citations for
2938:The Czech and Slovak Republics
2866:. 28 June 2022. Archived from
1167:tank, instead of turrets from
237:It is not to be confused with
1:
2713:Minister of Defence of Serbia
2483:"The Tank Museum | E1987.159"
2388:(in Slovak). 1 September 2014
1842:"A Civil War Iron Clad Car".
1375:, and is commemorated by the
812:, was used in support of the
725:under the command of Captain
384:– equipped with machine guns.
2711:magazine, nº 14, pp. 51-54.
2092:Khan, Shoeb (25 July 2018).
1729:. Amarillo Railroad Museum.
1528:Battle of Grozny (1999–2000)
1394:Croatian War of Independence
1230:who operated them until 1942
1218:QF 6 pounder 6 cwt Hotchkiss
969:Estonian War of Independence
927:Estonian War of Independence
887:raids on the Italian coast.
816:in the opening phase of the
2592:Revue historique des armées
2505:narrow-gauge-pleasure.co.uk
1485:armoured personnel carriers
1398:Republic of Serbian Krajina
1381:(armoured train) memorial.
814:British Expeditionary Force
737:manned by sailors from HMS
667:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
3052:
2704:Историја - Крајина експрес
2701:Radic, Aleksandar (2008).
2574:, Lavauzelle, 1997, p. 73
2446:Rowse, Sue Harper (2005),
2077:Caiti, Pierangelo (1974).
1818:"Chinese Civil War Armies"
1493:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
451:away from the railway line
18:
2671:27 September 2007 at the
2653:27 September 2007 at the
2635:27 September 2007 at the
2617:30 September 2007 at the
1195:Canadian National Railway
1138:. They were built in the
1099:Preserved command car of
989:invaded the Baltic States
827:Indian armoured train at
488:machine gun turrets from
2599:16 December 2008 at the
2320:Wie das Gesetz es befahl
1913:Gen Sir Aylmer Haldane,
1536:Russian-backed militants
1419:Army of Republika Srpska
1261:Second Sino-Japanese War
1120:Slovak National Uprising
1018:Grand Dukes of Lithuania
1009:with Lithuanian soldiers
647:Baldwin Locomotive Works
605:(1918–1920). During the
535:CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889
3006:Russian armoured trains
2996:Finnish armoured trains
2824:tvzvezda.ru, Редакция.
2810:) - Markovian, Victor;
2239:Allandi, Harri (2007).
2035:National Railway Museum
1621:List of armoured trains
1532:2008 Russo-Georgian War
1498:Towards the end of the
1274:, and the other six to
1226:Polish Army in the West
982:Armoured Train Regiment
906:) by sea route for the
215:(1999–2009) and in its
3001:Soviet armoured trains
1982:1914: The Days of Hope
1970:Churchill. A Biography
1555:Russian Railway Troops
1530:; one was sent to the
1477:light amphibious tanks
1469:Trans-Siberian Railway
1392:) was used during the
1311:
1249:Imperial Japanese Army
1115:
1107:
1087:This in turn prompted
1074:
1010:
959:Trans-Siberian Railway
930:
831:
780:
779:armoured train in 1914
768:
735:7-pounder mountain gun
723:Royal Dublin Fusiliers
419:for track destruction.
354:
339:
147:
16:Military railway train
1988:, Penguin Books 1989
1557:armoured train named
1483:, as well as several
1373:Battle of Santa Clara
1301:
1113:
1098:
1061:
1038:Polish–Lithuanian War
1001:
950:trains of all types.
921:
908:Mesopotamian Campaign
826:
818:First Battle of Ypres
774:
763:
731:Durban Light Infantry
629:of the 1990s and the
345:
327:
199:into a new location.
186:. Some have also had
136:Hurban armoured train
133:
2945:) - Humphreys, Rob,
2759:Hrvatski oklopni voz
2511:on 26 September 2011
1222:Royal Armoured Corps
806:QF 6 inch naval guns
364:– equipped to carry
332:armoured train, the
286:improve this section
254:Design and equipment
156:Commonwealth English
52:improve this article
21:Armoured Train 14-69
3036:American inventions
2798:30 May 2008 at the
2739:on 20 February 2018
2715:, 15 February 2008
2340:Deutsche Panzerzüge
1526:, assisting in the
1316:First Indochina War
955:Czechoslovak Legion
810:QF 4 inch naval gun
697:, was a director).
695:Sir Julian Goldsmid
623:First Indochina War
557:Franco-Prussian War
217:invasion of Ukraine
172:heavy metal plating
2893:Dorling Kindersley
2891:- Willmott, H.P.;
2193:on 5 February 2022
2169:Dorling Kindersley
2167:- Willmott, H.P.;
2098:The Times of India
2028:Batchelor, Simon.
1928:Goodbye Dolly Gray
1609:October Revolution
1565:Ukrainian Railways
1524:Second Chechen War
1441:One armoured train
1342:) was used on the
1312:
1280:Battle of the Alps
1259:and CPC troops in
1161:Deň, ktorý neumrie
1116:
1108:
1082:invasion of Poland
1075:
1036:, was used in the
1011:
931:
880:k.u.k Kriegsmarine
832:
781:
769:
637:American Civil War
595:Mexican Revolution
591:Russo-Japanese War
553:American Civil War
518:American Civil War
471:MX Missile program
461:had railway-based
355:
340:
239:Railroad artillery
213:Second Chechen War
148:
2981:978-1-84603-242-4
2895:, 2003, Page 231.
2733:www.panoramio.com
2692:, 4 December 1994
2468:Balfour, G 1981.
2307:Popular Mechanics
2276:978-609-412-089-3
1947:Thomas Pakenham,
1766:978-1-84603-242-4
1473:main battle tanks
1465:Sino-Soviet split
1365:Fulgencio Batista
1294:Post-World War II
1214:a German invasion
1207:Bofors 40 mm guns
874:) to protect its
820:in October 1914.
743:Winston Churchill
615:Spanish Civil War
607:Chinese Civil War
603:Russian Civil War
573:war correspondent
569:Winston Churchill
559:(1870–1871), the
555:(1861–1865), the
322:
321:
314:
128:
127:
120:
102:
3043:
2985:
2958:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2902:
2896:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2815:
2808:Russian language
2790:
2784:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2735:. Archived from
2725:
2719:
2718:
2699:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2663:
2657:
2645:
2639:
2627:
2621:
2609:
2603:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2507:. Archived from
2497:
2491:
2490:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2421:
2411:
2398:
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2359:
2350:
2336:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2286:on 21 April 2017
2285:
2279:. Archived from
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2189:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:, 2003, Page 251
2162:
2156:
2155:
2139:
2129:
2114:
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2111:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1924:
1918:
1915:A Soldier's Saga
1911:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1879:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1844:Railroad History
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1816:Mikhail Blinov.
1813:
1807:
1806:
1790:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1369:Cuban Revolution
1308:Saint Petersburg
797:in World War I.
717:just before the
597:(1910–1920) and
565:Second Boer Wars
530:
513:
457:transport – the
417:railroad ploughs
366:artillery pieces
317:
310:
306:
303:
297:
266:
258:
249:
246:
219:(2022–present).
164:American English
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
67:"Armoured train"
60:
36:
28:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3031:Armoured trains
3021:
3020:
2992:
2982:
2969:
2966:
2964:Further reading
2961:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2889:First World War
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2870:on 28 June 2022
2858:
2857:
2853:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2800:Wayback Machine
2791:
2787:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2752:
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2740:
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2700:
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2673:Wayback Machine
2664:
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2655:Wayback Machine
2646:
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2637:Wayback Machine
2628:
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2619:Wayback Machine
2610:
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2601:Wayback Machine
2585:
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2237:
2233:
2226:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
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2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:First World War
2163:
2159:
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2131:
2130:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
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2027:
2026:
2022:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1946:
1942:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1894:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1859:
1855:
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1836:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1757:Armoured Trains
1754:
1753:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1715:. 23 June 2022.
1707:
1706:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1626:Battle of Mokra
1617:
1597:
1520:
1461:
1415:Operation Storm
1390:Krajina ekspres
1386:Krajina express
1296:
1153:Banská Bystrica
1056:
1048:Zhang Zongchang
1005:armoured train
916:
791:Austria-Hungary
758:
711:Second Boer War
703:
701:Second Boer War
675:
639:
582:led by General
549:
548:
547:
546:
545:
539:Second Boer War
531:
522:
521:
520:
514:
503:
498:
318:
307:
301:
298:
283:
267:
256:
241:
232:
170:protected with
166:) is a railway
144:Banská Bystrica
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3049:
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3038:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2990:External links
2988:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2972:Armored Trains
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2941:(excerpt from
2929:
2913:
2897:
2881:
2864:newsreadonline
2851:
2835:
2816:
2785:
2766:
2750:
2720:
2694:
2676:
2658:
2640:
2622:
2604:
2579:
2564:
2562:Caiti, p. 84-9
2555:
2544:
2533:
2522:
2492:
2487:tankmuseum.org
2474:
2461:
2457:978-1411639270
2439:
2432:
2399:
2368:
2351:
2348:978-3895551048
2331:
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2204:
2173:
2157:
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2115:
2084:
2069:
2048:
2020:
1997:
1974:
1961:
1940:
1926:Rayne Kruger,
1919:
1906:
1892:
1874:
1853:
1834:
1808:
1801:
1772:
1765:
1744:
1718:
1697:
1685:EurAsian Times
1668:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1636:Railway troops
1633:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1596:
1593:
1519:
1516:
1460:
1457:
1406:Siege of Bihać
1310:railway museum
1304:RT-23 Molodets
1295:
1292:
1055:
1052:
915:
914:Interwar years
912:
898:. One sent to
757:
754:
727:Aylmer Haldane
702:
699:
674:
671:
638:
635:
532:
525:
524:
523:
515:
508:
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463:RT-23 Molodets
452:
425:
423:Troop sleepers
420:
409:
397:
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385:
379:
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152:armoured train
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2151:0-85368-606-8
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2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:0-14-011651-6
1991:
1987:
1986:Lyn MacDonald
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:Roy Jenkins,
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:0-297-83222-0
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1936:0-330-23861-2
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1893:
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1887:Shoreham Fort
1884:
1878:
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1870:0-9508205-0-4
1867:
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1854:
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1802:0-85368-606-8
1798:
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1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
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1758:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1728:
1727:"White Train"
1722:
1719:
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1704:
1702:
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1602:
1595:Armoured tram
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1466:
1458:
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1446:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1431:Croatian Army
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1410:9K11 Malyutka
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
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1378:Tren Blindado
1374:
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1264:
1263:(1937–1945).
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975:and seven on
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948:
944:
940:
939:Trotsky's one
936:
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749:My Early Life
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664:
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659:canister shot
655:
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632:
628:
627:Yugoslav wars
624:
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492:light tanks.
491:
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389:
388:Anti-aircraft
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271:This section
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160:armored train
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69: –
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
2971:
2943:Google Books
2936:
2932:
2926:(in Russian)
2921:
2916:
2910:(in Russian)
2905:
2900:
2888:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2868:the original
2863:
2854:
2844:
2838:
2829:
2819:
2811:
2788:
2773:
2769:
2763:(in Serbian)
2758:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2732:
2723:
2717:(in Serbian)
2708:
2702:
2697:
2690:Deseret News
2661:
2643:
2625:
2607:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2547:
2536:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:the original
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2448:
2442:
2417:
2390:. Retrieved
2385:
2339:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2309:, March 1930
2306:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2281:the original
2262:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2234:
2214:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2176:
2164:
2160:
2135:
2106:. Retrieved
2097:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2063:The Engineer
2061:
2051:
2041:23 September
2039:. Retrieved
2033:
2023:
2006:
2000:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1949:The Boer War
1948:
1943:
1938:, pp. 104–5.
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1872:, pp. 160–2.
1861:
1856:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:
1811:
1786:
1756:
1735:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:
1665:. The Drive.
1663:The War Zone
1662:
1598:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1559:
1548:
1521:
1497:
1462:
1459:Soviet Union
1453:Soviet Union
1439:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1363:
1339:
1320:French Union
1313:
1268:Regia Marina
1265:
1246:
1211:
1199:Skeena River
1192:
1188:tank turrets
1173:
1160:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1089:Nazi Germany
1086:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1054:World War II
1042:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1006:
977:narrow-gauge
963:
952:
932:
889:
884:FS Class 290
872:Regia Marina
869:
833:
799:
789:
782:
747:
738:
707:British Army
704:
686:
685:, published
676:
640:
619:World War II
588:
550:
533:An armoured
479:
476:
467:first strike
441:PzKpfw 38(t)
432:
370:railway guns
356:
333:
308:
302:October 2014
299:
284:Please help
272:
236:
233:
221:
201:
180:machine guns
159:
151:
149:
114:
108:October 2019
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
2947:Rough Guide
2830:tvzvezda.ru
2576:(in French)
2459:(pp. 82-84)
1959:, pp. 95–6.
1737:7 September
1631:Railway gun
1489:Soviet Army
1449:Kim Jong Il
1445:Kim Il Sung
1402:M18 Hellcat
1238:Tank Museum
1118:During the
1007:Gediminas 3
993:Soviet army
973:broad-gauge
900:Mesopotamia
842:and one in
836:Crewe Works
785:World War I
756:World War I
599:World War I
584:Louis Botha
427:The German
382:Machine gun
242: [
224:White Train
184:autocannons
3025:Categories
2957:, Page 482
2812:Мир оружия
2743:5 December
2472:. Batsford
2225:9985945549
1899:Boxall at
1642:References
1542:region of
1479:, several
1359:guerrillas
1348:Battambang
1344:Phnom Penh
1234:Home Guard
1197:along the
1105:Bratislava
1071:Piłsudczyk
1003:Lithuanian
848:12-pounder
802:Royal Navy
775:Hungarian
673:Volunteers
651:24-pounder
437:Somua S-35
433:Fremdgerät
413:ammunition
407:gun turret
230:Definition
192:small arms
78:newspapers
2015:835846426
1599:Armoured
1427:T-55 tank
1356:Viet-Minh
1332:Nha Trang
1324:La Rafale
1272:La Spezia
1253:Manchuria
1034:Gediminas
1022:Gediminas
1014:Lithuania
971:: six on
947:Izhorskiy
935:Bolshevik
864:regulator
844:Edinburgh
715:Ladysmith
663:grapeshot
611:Zaamurets
571:, then a
449:partisans
445:Panzer II
439:or Czech
429:Wehrmacht
400:Anti-tank
362:Artillery
273:does not
197:firepower
176:artillery
2949:, 2002,
2874:8 August
2814:, 9/2005
2804:Cyrillic
2796:Archived
2669:Archived
2651:Archived
2633:Archived
2615:Archived
2597:Archived
2290:5 August
2197:7 August
2187:Estonica
2102:Archived
1731:Archived
1713:Sky News
1690:10 March
1615:See also
1605:Red Army
1500:Cold War
1423:Gradačac
1352:Cambodia
1176:Red Army
1131:Štefánik
1030:Algirdas
1026:Kęstutis
923:Estonian
876:Adriatic
852:magazine
808:and one
795:Italians
733:, and a
679:Brighton
654:howitzer
580:commando
543:Kraaipan
490:Panzer I
482:draisine
376:Infantry
351:tankette
245:Wikidata
204:sabotage
2709:Арсенал
2392:9 April
2108:4 March
1827:14 July
1570:Yenisei
1560:Yenisei
1544:Ukraine
1538:in the
1481:AA guns
1336:Vietnam
1314:In the
1306:in the
1276:Taranto
1186:series
1165:T-34-85
1136:Masaryk
1045:warlord
965:Estonia
943:Putilov
840:Norfolk
783:During
501:Origins
496:History
455:Missile
443:, or a
394:Command
294:removed
279:sources
182:, and
92:scholar
2978:
2953:
2780:
2455:
2430:
2426:–205.
2346:
2326:
2273:
2265:]
2222:
2148:
2013:
1992:
1955:
1934:
1868:
1799:
1763:
1576:Baikal
1540:Donbas
1518:Russia
1475:, two
1350:line,
1334:line,
1328:Saigon
1318:, the
1288:Sicily
1284:Menton
1157:Zvolen
1140:Zvolen
1125:Hurban
1101:German
1078:Poland
1065:Śmiały
860:motion
765:French
739:Tartar
335:Danuta
330:Polish
209:Russia
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
2515:7 May
2284:(PDF)
2267:(PDF)
2261:[
2144:–33.
1601:trams
1582:Volga
1508:SS-24
1504:ICBMs
1435:Split
1201:from
1169:LT-35
1149:LT-35
1144:LT-35
902:(now
896:India
892:Ajmer
856:loops
777:MÁVAG
719:siege
561:First
248:]
188:ports
168:train
158:) or
99:JSTOR
85:books
2976:ISBN
2951:ISBN
2876:2022
2802:(in
2778:ISBN
2745:2017
2517:2011
2453:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2394:2020
2344:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2292:2018
2271:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2199:2018
2146:ISBN
2110:2022
2043:2019
2011:OCLC
1990:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1829:2023
1797:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1739:2022
1692:2022
1588:Amur
1585:and
1553:. A
1447:and
1247:The
1180:T-34
1174:The
1134:and
1068:and
1028:and
986:USSR
953:The
945:and
933:The
904:Iraq
705:The
577:Boer
563:and
486:MG13
459:USSR
404:tank
277:any
275:cite
134:The
71:news
2590:in
2424:200
1848:130
1388:" (
1257:NRA
1182:or
661:or
541:at
348:TKS
288:by
150:An
142:in
54:by
3027::
2862:.
2828:.
2731:.
2707:.
2679:^
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2485:.
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2354:^
2342:,
2185:.
2142:30
2118:^
2100:.
2096:.
2060:.
2032:.
1984:,
1885:.
1846:.
1820:.
1795:.
1793:24
1775:^
1747:^
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1700:^
1683:.
1671:^
1661:.
1649:^
1591:.
1579:,
1573:,
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1228:,
1184:KV
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2878:.
2832:.
2806:/
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2489:.
2436:.
2396:.
2365:.
2294:.
2228:.
2201:.
2154:.
2112:.
2066:.
2045:.
2017:.
1889:.
1831:.
1805:.
1769:.
1741:.
1694:.
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1330:-
929:.
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162:(
154:(
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121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
23:.
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