579:
562:
545:
255:
243:
231:
596:
394:, Saint Arnaud suffocated 500 Arab tribesmen (8 August 1845), in a cave between Tenes and Mostaganem, in the Sbeah area. Three days later he wrote "I hermetically sealed all exits and made a vast cemetery. The earth will cover the corpses of these fanatics for ever. No one went down to the caverns; no one but me knows that there are 500 brigands under here who will not cut the throats of the French any more. A confidential report related everything to the Marshal simply, without terrible poetry and without images. Brother, no one is good by taste and by nature like me. From the 8th to the 12th, I was sick, but my conscience does not blame me for anything. I did my duty"
1464:
1219:
996:
219:
327:
681:
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445:
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664:
767:
698:
36:
358:, he entered the army in 1817, but after ten years of garrison service he still held only the lowest commissioned grade. He then resigned, led a life of adventure in several lands and returned to the army at the age of thirty as a sub-lieutenant. He took part in the suppression of the
500:
later described the poem of Saint Arnaud as an example of Hugo's 'poetic genius'. Swinburne said 'Then... came the great and terrible poem on the life and death of the miscreant marshal who gave the watchword of massacre in the streets of Paris'.
2065:
400:
He also burnt 200 villages in 1846, including rich arable fields."I left in my wake a vast conflagration. All the villages, some 200 in number, were burned down, all the gardens destroyed, all the olive trees cut down."
1170:
946:
2070:
420:
in northern
Algeria, in which Saint Arnaud showed his prowess as a commander-in-chief and provided his superiors with the pretext for bringing him home as a general of division (July 1851).
513:, Australia was named after Jacques and has a commemorative statue of him in the town's botanical gardens on Napier Street. Another town, located in Algeria, was called Saint Arnaud under
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939:
1409:
782:
2030:
1156:
932:
395:
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2020:
2055:
1254:
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1865:
1824:
1590:
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1402:
1376:
1280:
787:
496:'s long poem "Saint Arnaud", he is described as a criminal âjackalâ who had orchestrated the bloody massacres that followed Louis-Napoleonâs coup dâĂ©tat.
955:
46:
1433:
1202:
1116:
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1395:
370:
1148:
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104:
76:
2015:
1719:
1478:
1238:
605:
1218:
995:
829:
83:
622:
478:
405:
1970:
1901:
1880:
1763:
1688:
1183:
924:
916:
1463:
326:
2075:
2005:
1275:
1179:
1031:
90:
2025:
1974:
1844:
1803:
1652:
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1534:
656:
61:
2040:
1683:
1418:
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1068:
727:
431:
224:
72:
1742:
1737:
1728:
905:
473:
and a senator, remaining at the head of the war office until 1854, when he set out to command the French forces in the
2045:
618:
1371:
1350:
1121:
1922:
1875:
1849:
1808:
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1509:
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673:
497:
300:
1387:
526:
1839:
1798:
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1488:
707:
444:
397:. These massacres were regarded with absolute horror in the French press, as an article in The Times relates.
492:
After his death Saint Arnaud was regarded as a military hero, by both the French state and army. However, in
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142:
97:
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2010:
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381:. There he distinguished himself on numerous occasions, and after twelve years had risen to the rank of
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898:
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148:
53:
17:
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522:
481:. Ill with stomach cancer, he died on board ship just over a week after commanding troops at the
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1714:
1331:
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980:
772:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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373:. However, his debts and the scandals of his private life compelled him to go to
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530:
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35:
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on 20 September 1854. His body was returned to France, and lies buried in
791:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1016.
518:
465:
of 2 December 1851, which placed Louis
Napoleon on the throne as Emperor
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703:
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417:
374:
459:
as minister of war and superintended the military operations of the
338:(20 August 1798 – 29 September 1854) was a French soldier and
443:
422:
174:
1391:
1152:
928:
2066:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints
Maurice and Lazarus
29:
346:
when he became
Commander-in-chief of the army of the East.
2071:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St
Gregory the Great
412:
considered him a suitable military head of a potential
57:
408:
in Paris. On his return to Africa, possibly because
404:
In 1848 Saint Arnaud commanded a brigade during the
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448:Statue of Saint-Arnaud in the Australian town of
27:Marshal of France and Minister of War (1798â1854)
342:. He served as French Minister of War until the
824:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 40â41.
369:(1832), and served for a time on the staff of
1403:
1164:
940:
821:The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987
8:
2031:French military personnel of the Crimean War
382:
62:introducing citations to additional sources
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1388:
1171:
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956:Last cabinet of the French Second Republic
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892:
141:
124:
1190:(3 December 1851 – 2 December 1852)
760:
758:
756:
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
740:
416:, an expedition took place into Little
1327:Public Education and Religious Affairs
1255:Louis FĂ©lix Ătienne, marquis de Turgot
1011:Louis FĂ©lix Ătienne, marquis de Turgot
911:26 October 1851 – 11 March 1854
2061:Officers of the French Foreign Legion
876:"La Guerre de Crimée n'aura pas lieu"
7:
2051:Perpetrators of Indigenous genocides
2036:French senators of the Second Empire
2021:People of the French Second Republic
1434:François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca
1203:François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca
1117:François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca
1053:François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca
336:Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud
18:Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud
2056:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
958:(26 October 1851 â 2 December 1851)
720:Lettres du Maréchal de Saint Arnaud
606:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
818:Bennoune, Mahfoud (29 July 1988).
477:, alongside his British colleague
25:
1427:President of the Council of State
874:Godfrey, Sima (2 February 2016).
623:Order of Saint George and Reunion
533:both derive their name from him.
390:Following the example of Marshal
1971:Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon
1902:Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant
1881:Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant
1764:Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant
1689:Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant
1462:
1421:(2 December 1852 - 17 July 1869)
1217:
994:
917:Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant
765:
696:
679:
662:
645:
628:
611:
594:
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560:
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325:
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241:
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217:
45:relies largely or entirely on a
34:
1131:Education and Religious Affairs
1032:Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
722:(Paris, 1855; 2nd edition with
73:"Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud"
1975:Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III
1845:Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
1804:Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
1653:Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
1611:Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
1571:Charles-Marie-Esprit Espinasse
802:"French Atrocities in Algeria"
783:Saint Arnaud, Jacques Leroy de
657:Order of St. Gregory the Great
1:
1684:Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
1419:Third cabinet of Napoleon III
1308:Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
1069:Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
435:
151:
135:Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
1743:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
1738:Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
1708:Marine, Colonies and Algeria
1942:Ministers without portfolio
525:and the nearby locality of
469:. A year later he became a
2092:
2016:Ministers of war of France
1923:Alexandre Colonna-Walewski
1876:Alexandre Colonna-Walewski
1725:Ferdinand-Alphonse Hamelin
1581:Ernest Arrighi de Casanova
1515:Alexandre Colonna-Walewski
1460:
1215:
498:Algernon Charles Swinburne
432:Charles-Philippe LariviĂšre
430:Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, by
1967:
1729:Prince Napoléon Bonaparte
992:
963:
913:
903:
895:
517:; currently, its name is
371:General (Marshal) Bugeaud
140:
1840:Louis Henri Armand Behic
1818:Agriculture and Commerce
1799:Louis Henri Armand Behic
1720:Jacques Pierre Abbatucci
1576:Claude Alphonse Delangle
1489:Claude Alphonse Delangle
1479:Jacques Pierre Abbatucci
1365:Agriculture and Commerce
1239:Jacques Pierre Abbatucci
1188:Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
1110:Agriculture and Commerce
965:Under the Presidency of
747:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1850:Edmond Valléry Gressier
1809:Edmond Valléry Gressier
1530:Ădouard Drouyn de Lhuys
1510:Ădouard Drouyn de Lhuys
1269:Interior and Beaux-Arts
1260:Ădouard Drouyn de Lhuys
1020:Interior and Beaux-Arts
883:French Cultural Studies
788:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
749:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2076:People who died at sea
2006:Politicians from Paris
452:
441:
383:
249:French Second Republic
2026:French mass murderers
1627:Charlemagne de Maupas
1601:Charles de La Valette
1545:Charles de La Valette
1535:Charles de La Valette
1372:Noël Lefebvre-Duruflé
1351:Noël Lefebvre-Duruflé
1295:Charlemagne de Maupas
1122:Noël Lefebvre-Duruflé
706:: First Class of the
691:Order of the Medjidie
689:: First Class of the
655:: Grand Croix of the
640:Order of Pope Pius IX
638:: Grand Croix of the
621:: Grand Croix of the
604:: Grand Croix of the
570:: Grand Croix of the
455:He succeeded Marshal
447:
426:
379:French Foreign Legion
279:Years of service
2041:French war criminals
1694:Jacques Louis Randon
1101:Théobald de Lacrosse
899:Jacques Louis Randon
585:Second French Empire
568:Second French Empire
551:Second French Empire
377:as a captain in the
261:Second French Empire
149:Pierre-Louis Pierson
58:improve this article
1890:Emperor's Household
1752:Education and Cults
1643:Jean-Martial Bineau
855:(17 October 1854).
672:: Commander of the
602:Kingdom of Sardinia
511:St Arnaud, Victoria
301:Conquest of Algeria
225:Bourbon Restoration
2046:Marshals of France
1911:Ministers of State
1866:Victor de Persigny
1825:Victor de Persigny
1591:Victor de Persigny
1561:Victor de Persigny
1540:Lionel de Moustier
1377:Victor de Persigny
1281:Victor de Persigny
589:MĂ©daille militaire
555:Maréchal de France
523:Saint Arnaud Range
483:Battle of the Alma
453:
442:
291:Maréchal de France
1981:
1980:
1759:Hippolyte Fortoul
1525:Ădouard Thouvenel
1385:
1384:
1332:Hippolyte Fortoul
1315:Navy and Colonies
1196:Minister of State
1146:
1145:
1085:Hippolyte Fortoul
1078:Navy and Colonies
923:
922:
914:Succeeded by
471:Marshal of France
392:Aimable PĂ©lissier
387:(major general).
340:Marshal of France
333:
332:
188:29 September 1854
147:Saint-Arnaud, by
130:Marshal of France
123:
122:
108:
16:(Redirected from
2083:
1959:Adolphe Billault
1928:Adolphe Billault
1586:Adolphe Billault
1566:Adolphe Billault
1466:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1276:Charles de Morny
1221:
1173:
1166:
1159:
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1027:René de Thorigny
998:
949:
942:
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896:Preceded by
893:
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885:. Sage Journals.
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674:Order of Leopold
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315:Legion of Honour
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1813:
1782:
1769:Gustave Rouland
1747:
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1549:
1503:Foreign Affairs
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1484:Ernest de Royer
1467:
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1449:Gustave Rouland
1422:
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1248:Foreign Affairs
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1048:Antoine Blondel
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781:, ed. (1911). "
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1715:Théodore Ducos
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967:Louis Napoleon
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861:Les ChĂątiments
857:"Saint Arnaud"
844:
831:978-0521301503
830:
810:
808:, 14 July 1845
794:
779:Chisholm, Hugh
752:
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708:Order of Glory
693:
687:Ottoman Empire
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410:Louis Napoleon
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192:(aged 56)
186:
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172:20 August 1798
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56:. Please help
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1969:Preceded by
1949:Pierre Magne
1830:Pierre Magne
1794:Pierre Magne
1787:Public works
1774:Victor Duruy
1699:Adolphe Niel
1668:Pierre Magne
1648:Pierre Magne
1356:Pierre Magne
1346:Pierre Magne
1339:Public Works
1186:Cabinets of
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835:. Retrieved
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155: 1850s
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2001:1854 deaths
1996:1798 births
1596:Paul Boudet
553:: Baton of
531:New Zealand
515:French rule
494:Victor Hugo
479:Lord Raglan
475:Crimean War
462:coup d'Ă©tat
439: 1854
414:coup d'Ă©tat
363: [
344:Crimean War
305:Crimean War
273:French Army
1990:Categories
1859:Beaux-Arts
735:References
406:revolution
213:Allegiance
168:1798-08-20
84:newspapers
806:The Times
450:St Arnaud
350:Biography
322:Signature
282:1821â1854
195:Black Sea
54:talk page
1554:Interior
730:, 1858).
519:El Eulma
428:Maréchal
354:Born in
267:Service/
1677:Defense
1636:Finance
1472:Justice
1303:Defense
1227:Justice
1041:Finance
974:Justice
837:14 June
776::
724:memoire
704:Tunisia
670:Belgium
537:Honours
418:Kabylie
375:Algeria
98:scholar
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1297:(1852)
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1205:(1852)
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179:France
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367:]
356:Paris
175:Paris
105:JSTOR
91:books
1776:and
1731:and
1182:and
839:2020
826:ISBN
287:Rank
185:Died
162:Born
77:news
1062:War
785:".
726:by
529:in
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