568:(1,200 men). The First class could field about 50,000 men, the Second about 40,000. Every county had its own military department, with several regular officers and NCOs, who organized recruitment, supplies, armament and training of National Militia. Military training was done on Sundays and holidays: battalions trained for 2 days every other week, and regiments 15 days a year. NCOs and officers under the rank of captain were selected from the common people, mostly peasants, by the county elders, battalion and squadron commanders were selected by the Minister of War, and regiment commanders were appointed by the Prince. Military service was without pay, and militiamen were expected to provide their own weapons and clothing.
699:
338:
684:
40:
520:, making Serbia finally independent in the production of percussion rifle ammunition. In 1858. a new production line with 28 skilled workers under the guidance of Mihailo Cvejić was set up for converting some 15,000 old flintlock muskets to percussion system: in the first year only some 1,800 rifles were converted, then the production increased to 1,000 addapted rifles a month, so by 1863. Serbian army had some 15,000 converted percussion muskets.
457:). At the time Serbia was (on paper) able to rise 94,000 men (16,000 horsmen), with 40,000 more in reserve, but there was not enough arms nor food for so many. Conscripts were expected to provide their own weapons and clothing, receiving only food and ammunition from the government. In reality, not even half of them had working rifles, mostly old flintlock muskets of the Ottoman and Austrian production.
564:), which conscripted all the men aged 20–50 for the compulsory military service. People's Militia was divided into the First (men under the age of 35) and the Second class, organized into territorial battalions (62 in number) and regiments (17, one in each county). There were also 17 squadrons of cavalry, 17 pioneer units of 60 men each, and 6
634:), while the rest were armed with old percussion rifles and even flintlock muskets (Third class). During the war, more than 6,000 Green rifles were converted to Peabody action: however, in 1877. Serbian army still had some 12,000 Green rifles in service. After the war all of them were converted to much better Peabody action.
394:). In 1830. Serbia was officially permitted by the Ottomans to form an army, and by 1838. Serbia had 2,417 professional (regular) soldiers, armed and uniformed in the European fashion, trained by the former Austrian and Russian officers. Serbian army had 2 battalions (8 companies) of infantry, two units of artillery (4
515:
In 1855. the Cannon
Foundry in Kragujevac opened a rifle-production department, working on adaptation of old flintlock muskets to percussion system, with the capacity of 60 muskets a day. The same year two machines for making Minnie balls were imported from Belgium, and in 1857. Kragujevac Foundry
615:
in 1876–1878, in 1876. Serbia mobilized 158 infantry battalions of the First (men aged 20–35) and the Second class (men aged 35–50), 18 battalions of the Third class (men over 50), 18 squadrons of cavalry, 44 batteries with some 210 cannons (only one battery of modern
576:): these muskets were converted to rifles in Kragujevac and became the standard weapon of the National Militia. In 1866. new military schools were opened in Beograd and Kragujevac, to provide Militia officers with basic training in tactics, fortification and
600:), converting some 28,000 Belgian percussion rifles. In 1874, the. Regular Army was raised to a division (4 battalions of infantry, 1 artillery brigade, 1 battalion of engineers, 2 cavalry squadrons and telegraph command, in all 5,000 men),
571:
In 1862. Serbian People's
Militia existed on paper only: less than a half of the militiamen had serviceable rifles. However, in 1863. Serbia received some 31,000 (or 39,200) old percussion muskets from Russia
596:
During the reign of Prince Milan
Obrenović (1868–1889, King of Serbia since 1882), modernization of the Serbian army continued. In 1870, the Serbian army adopted new, much better breechloading rifles (
604:
was formed in brigades (18 in total, one for each county) and more educated officers were hired. Serbian army had 317 officers (5 colonels, 12 lieutenant-colonels, 20 majors and only one general,
449:, when Serbia was directly threatened by the Austrian invasion, Serbian government resorted to enlistment of all the men available for the military service, the so-called People's Militia (
442:): there were 2 battalions of infantry (8 companies, 2,010 men), an artillery unit (250 men), a squadron of cavalry (208 men) and 50 musicians, with the officers in all about 2,529 men.
1080:
111:
538:
returned to power in Serbia with the support of France and Russia, who were dissatisfied with the pro-Austrian policy of the
Serbian government. His son and heir,
623:), 6 engineer and 6 medic companies, in all some 130,000 men, 22,000 horses and 6,000 oxen. It was a tremendous effort for the country of 1,300,000 inhabitants.
626:
In 1876, Serbian armament was already obsolete: only the First class soldiers were fully armed with breechloading rifles (in fact converted muzzleloaders
675:
612:
315:
246:
1036:
1073:
277:
created in 1830. The first army law of 1839 established that force to 4,000 men and 63 officers. Most officers had attended military schools in
542:(ruled 1860–67), led a very ambitious foreign policy, aimed at the liberation of all the South-Slavic peoples. In 1861. Prince Mihailo founded
1018:
997:
954:
933:
912:
326:
1391:
644:
Only the First class militiamen had complete, state-issued uniforms: the Second and Third class soldiers wore their own civilian clothes.
445:
As the
Regular Army was too small to protect the country from its powerful neighbours (Austria and Ottoman Empire), during the crisis of
1066:
535:
431:
375:
274:
104:
249:, the first conflict in the nation modern history, after which the country gained its full independence. It was succeeded by the
262:
1386:
1134:
653:
465:
1058:
322:
446:
91:
904:
Diplomacy on the Edge: Containment of Ethnic
Conflict and the Minorities Working Group of the Conferences on Yugoslavia
386:), in order not to offend the Ottoman authorities. At first, there were 12 companies (1,147 men) of these mercenaries (
266:
1307:
1312:
1139:
601:
573:
552:
529:
501:
305:
290:
215:
191:
176:
399:
337:
363:
224:
200:
1173:
1044:
689:
581:
509:
355:
239:
1178:
597:
407:
508:(1853–1856), Serbia was made a joint protectorate of Russia, Austria, France and United Kingdom by the
39:
539:
297:
118:
61:
270:
550:), doubled the size of the Regular Army (to 3,529 men) and declared the foundation of the Serbian
1193:
1095:
627:
605:
250:
261:
A small
Serbian army was established in 1830 after the Russian victory over the Ottomans in the
1322:
1234:
1229:
1014:
1008:
993:
950:
929:
908:
902:
565:
547:
395:
125:
987:
637:
After 1880. Serbian
Peabody rifles were mostly replaced with 100.000 more modern bolt-action
1287:
1273:
1213:
944:
631:
557:
500:. In 1850. government founded Artillery School in Belgrade, which was the foundation of the
485:
450:
435:
423:
387:
379:
171:
543:
286:
418:
Regular army was temporarily disbanded by the new
Serbian Government, led by the leading
1010:
Politics as
Development: The Emergence of Political Parties in Nineteenth-century Serbia
1263:
981:. Military Encyclopedia (in Serbian). Vol. 9. Belgrade: Military Publishing House.
970:. Military Encyclopedia (in Serbian). Vol. 7. Belgrade: Military Publishing House.
704:
517:
461:
359:
278:
402:, 208 cavalry, 195 cannoniers and 1,830 infantrymen. In 1838. Serbia formed the first
1380:
1347:
1268:
1118:
1203:
1157:
1144:
620:
585:
403:
371:
367:
235:
76:
976:
965:
923:
314:). Serbia's People Army added up to 125,000 men in July 1876 at the start of the
1239:
1198:
1188:
1154:
638:
584:) were made in Belgrade Arsenal, converting some 27,000 Austrian decommissioned
505:
419:
273:
of 1826. Serbia's professional army came out of the personal guard that Prince
1333:
577:
497:
301:
81:
1296:
617:
398:), a squadron of cavalry and military musicians – in all, 40 officers, 144
731:
Not including volunteer corps of about 5,000 men from neighbouring areas.
434:
im 1839, but was reformed in 1845. under the name of Garrison Soldiers (
293:
was created on 18 September 1850, its first students graduated in 1855.
1360:
1355:
925:
The Serbian Army in the Wars for Independence Against Turkey, 1876-1878
493:
481:
480:
To modernize Serbian army, in 1848. Serbian Government built the first
469:
907:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press Series. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1109:
844:
842:
840:
827:
825:
282:
1365:
1183:
1105:
336:
374:. The first Serbian regular military units were formed by Prince
269:, which re-guaranteed the autonomy of Serbia as per the earlier
1062:
946:
Rifles: two centuries of rifles on the territory of Yugoslavia
378:
in 1825, formally as a police force called Enlisted Watchmen (
245:
Founded in 1830, it became a standing army taking part in the
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
16:
Military forces of the Principality of Serbia (1830–1882)
366:(1815). In 1830 the Principality officially became an
414:
Army under Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević (1842–1858)
229:
205:
496:
in Belgrade, with the main production facilities in
460:
In 1856–1858 Serbia imported the first 7.000 modern
1346:
1321:
1295:
1286:
1248:
1212:
1153:
1117:
1104:
580:. In 1867. the first Serbian breechloading rifles (
170:
141:
136:
97:
90:
75:
67:
57:
49:
23:
848:
831:
989:Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country
516:installed the machines for production of copper
247:First and Second Serbo Turkish Wars of 1876–1878
524:Army under Prince Mihailo Obrenović (1860–1868)
1074:
630:), and the Second class only partially (with
592:Army under Prince Milan Obrenović (1868–1882)
350:Army under Prince Miloš Obrenović (1830–1838)
309:
29:
8:
1292:
1114:
1081:
1067:
1059:
188:Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia
38:
24:Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia
657:
476:The first military schools and factories
884:
872:
860:
816:
744:
724:
787:
763:
440:Гарнизоно воинство, Garnizono voinstvo
300:became Prince following his brother's
20:
943:Bogdanović, B.; Valenčak, I. (1990).
775:
751:
321:Serbian officers participated in the
7:
212:Army of the Principality of Serbia
14:
697:
682:
676:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
327:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
1043:. Vojska Srbije. Archived from
992:. Cambridge University Press.
849:Bogdanović & Valenčak 1990
832:Bogdanović & Valenčak 1990
562:Народна војска, Narodna vojska
504:. After the Russian defeat in
455:Народна војска, Narodna vojska
384:Уписни пандури, Upisni panduri
289:. A military academy known as
219:
207:Oružane snage Kneževine Srbije
196:Оружане снаге Кнежевине Србије
195:
1:
654:List of wars involving Serbia
466:Francotte rifle model 1849/56
358:gained its autonomy from the
342:
447:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
1392:History of the Serbian Army
949:(in Serbian). Sportinvest.
606:Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac
341:Group of Serbian officers,
267:Treaty of Adrianople (1829)
263:Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)
230:
206:
1408:
1313:Smith & Wesson Model 3
1308:Lefaucheux-Francotte M. 71
1230:Mauser Model 1899 and 1907
1135:Francotte carbine M1849/56
651:
527:
1140:Russian musket model 1845
1013:. Duke University Press.
574:Russian musket model 1845
561:
530:National Militia (Serbia)
489:
454:
439:
427:
391:
383:
316:First Serbian–Ottoman War
265:, and the signing of the
37:
30:
28:
1090:Military weapons of the
502:Serbian Military Academy
490:Тополивница, Topolivnica
323:Serb uprising of 1848–49
44:National flag and ensign
1035:Bjelajac, Mile (2015).
641:imported from Germany.
546:(led by French colonel
364:Second Serbian uprising
231:Vojska Kneževine Srbije
220:Војска Кнежевине Србије
112:Aleksandar Karađorđević
31:Војска Кнежевине Србије
1387:Principality of Serbia
1199:Mauser-Koka Model 1880
356:Principality of Serbia
346:
310:
304:in 1861, he created a
240:Principality of Serbia
122:(1839–1842, 1860–1868)
108:(1830–1839, 1858–1860)
978:Military Encyclopedia
967:Military Encyclopedia
901:Ahrens, G.H. (2007).
613:war against the Turks
408:Military commissariat
404:Military Headquarters
340:
975:Gažević, N. (1967).
964:Gažević, N. (1974).
430:) who exiled Prince
372:Russian protectorate
368:Ottoman client state
291:the Artillery School
62:Serbian Armed Forces
1007:Stokes, G. (1990).
875:, pp. 549–550.
863:, pp. 116–122.
566:artillery batteries
271:Akkerman Convention
163:124,000 (June 1876)
1194:Werndl-Holub rifle
1179:Peabody Model 1870
922:Babac, D. (2015).
639:Mauser-Koka rifles
628:Peabody model 1870
598:Peabody model 1870
347:
251:Royal Serbian Army
1374:
1373:
1342:
1341:
1323:Automatic pistols
1282:
1281:
1235:Mauser Model 1910
1145:Lorenz Model 1854
1096:Kingdom of Serbia
1020:978-0-8223-1016-7
999:978-0-521-77401-7
956:978-86-7597-001-9
935:978-1-909982-24-6
914:978-0-8018-8557-0
887:, pp. 50–53.
851:, pp. 53–61.
834:, pp. 36–40.
819:, pp. 50–53.
716:
715:
548:Hyppolyte Mondain
462:percussion rifles
298:Mihailo Obrenović
228:
204:
184:
183:
172:Reserve personnel
126:Milan I of Serbia
119:Mihailo Obrenović
98:Supreme Commander
1399:
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1274:Winchester rifle
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1214:Repeating rifles
1174:Green Model 1867
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632:Green model 1867
602:National Militia
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553:National Militia
534:In 1858. Prince
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428:Ustavobranitelji
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392:Солдати, Soldati
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306:National Militia
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216:Serbian Cyrillic
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192:Serbian Cyrillic
180:(90,000–120,000)
177:National Militia
142:Active personnel
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544:Ministry of War
536:Miloš Obrenović
532:
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518:percussion caps
510:treaty of Paris
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376:Miloš Obrenović
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275:Miloš Obrenović
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105:Miloš Obrenović
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986:Lampe (2000).
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790:, p. 109.
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540:Prince Mihailo
528:Main article:
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482:Cannon Foundry
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362:following the
360:Ottoman Empire
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1119:Muzzleloaders
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1047:on 2016-01-05
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778:, p. 21.
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144:
140:
135:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
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100:
96:
93:
89:
83:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
27:
22:
19:
1204:Berdan rifle
1092:Principality
1091:
1089:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:the original
1040:
1009:
988:
977:
966:
945:
924:
903:
885:Gažević 1974
880:
873:Gažević 1967
868:
861:Gažević 1967
856:
817:Gažević 1967
783:
771:
759:
747:
727:
710:
667:Combatant 2
664:Combatant 1
643:
636:
625:
610:
595:
570:
551:
533:
514:
492:) and State
479:
459:
444:
417:
353:
320:
295:
260:
244:
236:armed forces
211:
187:
185:
160:5,000 (1876)
157:3,529 (1862)
154:2,529 (1858)
151:1,417 (1838)
148:1,147 (1830)
77:Headquarters
58:Current form
18:
1255:(1878—1918)
1240:FN Model 24
1221:(1891-1918)
1189:Wanzl rifle
1165:(1867—1891)
1155:Single-shot
1126:(1804—1867)
1098:(1830-1918)
1037:"Tradicija"
788:Stokes 1990
764:Stokes 1990
506:Crimean War
420:bureaucrats
234:), was the
129:(1868–1882)
115:(1842–1858)
85:(June 1876)
1381:Categories
1334:Mauser C96
1051:2017-05-09
928:. Helion.
776:Babac 2015
752:Babac 2015
739:References
652:See also:
578:topography
498:Kragujevac
302:abdication
92:Leadership
1297:Revolvers
661:Conflict
396:batteries
225:romanized
201:romanized
137:Personnel
68:Disbanded
1288:Sidearms
1041:O Vojsci
611:For the
512:(1856).
325:and the
1361:Bayonet
1356:Yatagan
1110:muskets
895:Sources
711:Victory
670:Result
558:Serbian
494:Arsenal
486:Serbian
470:Belgium
451:Serbian
436:Serbian
424:Serbian
388:Serbian
380:Serbian
333:History
287:Austria
238:of the
227::
203::
82:Paraćin
50:Founded
1326:
1300:
1251:
1217:
1161:
1122:
1106:Rifles
1017:
996:
953:
932:
911:
702:
690:Serbia
687:
370:under
296:After
283:France
279:Russia
1366:Saber
1184:Krnka
719:Notes
618:Krupp
468:from
432:Miloš
210:) or
1108:and
1094:and
1015:ISBN
994:ISBN
951:ISBN
930:ISBN
909:ISBN
648:Wars
406:and
400:NCOs
354:The
345:1865
186:The
71:1882
53:1830
608:).
285:or
1383::
1039:.
839:^
824:^
795:^
588:.
560::
488::
472:.
464:,
453::
438::
426::
410:.
390::
382::
343:c.
329:.
318:.
281:,
253:.
242:.
222:,
218::
198:,
194::
1082:e
1075:t
1068:v
1054:.
1023:.
1002:.
959:.
938:.
917:.
572:(
556:(
484:(
422:(
308:(
214:(
190:(
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