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More generically, the term is used to describe any competition where there is no absolute goal, only the relative goal of staying ahead of the other competitors in rank or knowledge. An arms race may also imply futility as the competitors spend a great deal of time and money, yet with neither side
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argues that numerous cases of arms races were suboptimal, as they entailed a waste of resources, damaged political relations, increased the probability of war, and hindered states in accomplishing their goals. However, arms races can be optimal for security-seeking states in situations when the
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Documents on
Disarmament. Volume 126 of Publication (United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency), 1983, page 312 - "[...] the goal of across-the-board supremacy [...] would mean an uncontrolled, open-ended, and very expensive arms
594:
For the purpose of this study an arms race is understood as the participation of two or more nation-states in apparently competitive or interactive increases in quantity or quality of war material and/or persons under
382:
offense-defense balance favors offense, when a declining state faces a rising adversary, and when advances in technology make existing weapons obsolete for the power that had an advantage in the existing weaponry.
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263:-class ships. This tense arms race lasted until 1914, when the war broke out. After the war, a new arms race developed among the victorious Allies, which was temporarily ended by the
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The size and power of battleships grew rapidly before, during, and after World War I: a result of competitive shipbuilding among a number of naval powers, brought to an end by the
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systems (LAWS). Since the mid-2010s, many analysts have noted the emergence of such an arms race between global superpowers for better military AI, driven by
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and some other countries. This was one of the main causes that began the Cold War, and perceived advantages of the adversary by both sides (such as the "
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Maas, Matthijs M. (2019-02-06). "How viable is international arms control for military artificial intelligence? Three lessons from nuclear weapons".
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In technology, there are close analogues to the arms races between parasites and hosts, such as the arms race between writers of
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432:, where two organisms co-evolve to overcome each other but each fails to progress relative to the other interactant.
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took place. British concern about rapid increase in German naval power resulted in a costly building competition of
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occurs when two or more groups compete in military superiority. It consists of a competition between two or more
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Geist, Edward Moore (2016-08-15). "It's already too late to stop the AI arms raceâWe must manage it instead".
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In addition to the
British and Germans, contemporaneous but smaller naval arms races also broke out between
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and the end of the Cold War, tensions decreased and the nuclear arsenal of both countries were reduced.
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shows (clockwise) US, Germany, Britain, France and Japan engaged in naval race in a "no limit" game.
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in order to continuously one-up members of the other population. This concept is related to the
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Downs, George W.; Rocke, David M.; Siverson, Randolph M. (1985). "Arms Races and
Cooperation".
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164:, which constitutes a specific event with winning interpretable as the outcome of a singular
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Huntington, Samuel P. 1958. "Arms Races: Prerequisites and
Results", Public Policy 8: 41â86
371:) in which the superpowers' conventional weapons were pitted against each other. After the
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This contest of the advancement of offensive nuclear capabilities occurred during the
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Arms Races in
International Politics: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century
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820:
723:
The
Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany Between the World Wars
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344:
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The existing scholarly literature is divided as to whether arms races correlate with
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355:") led to large spending on armaments and the stockpiling of vast nuclear arsenals.
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179:. International-relations scholars explain arms races in terms of the
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1949:
452:
328:
283:
169:
161:
149:
16:
Competition between two or more parties to have superior armed forces
912:
1914-1918-online. International
Encyclopedia of the First World War
3758:
3220:
3003:
2379:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
1082:
233:
221:
131:
400:
is an arms race between two or more states to develop and deploy
3298:
3180:
1072:
950:
Mahnken, Thomas; Maiolo, Joseph; Stevenson, David (eds.). 2016.
1020:
3753:
3733:
3728:
566:
Smith, Theresa Clair (1980). "Arms Race
Instability and War".
176:
29:
3714:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and
Russian Federation
136:
Top arms exporters by country in Trend-Indicator Values (TIV)
1016:
408:. An AI arms race is sometimes placed in the context of an
148:
to have superior armed forces, concerning production of
968:
Smith, Theresa Clair. "Arms race instability and war".
1001:
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2031:
1654:
1406:
1116:
965:, vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 61â71.
939:
Intriligator, Michael D., and Brito, Dagobert L.. "
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
963:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Foreign Policy Analysis
957:Mitchell, David F., and Jeffrey Pickering. 2018. "
172:of on-going and potentially open-ended behavior.
3699:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
658:. Princeton University Press. pp. 228â232.
2136:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
1543:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
1032:
406:increasing geopolitical and military tensions
8:
3775:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1326:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
914:(Freie UniversitÀt Berlin, 8 October 2014).
726:. Cornell University Press. pp. 13â24.
359:were fought all over the world (e.g. in the
214:World War I naval arms race (disambiguation)
2636:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
959:Arms Buildups and the Use of Military Force
941:Can arms races lead to the outbreak of war?
755:, Oxford University Press, pp. 21â40,
681:"The Causes and Consequences of Arms Races"
3739:United States involvement in regime change
3243:
2890:
1294:1947â1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1039:
1025:
1017:
761:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198735267.003.0002
696:
655:Rational Theory of International Politics
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
908:Arms Race prior to 1914, Armament Policy
749:"The Anglo-German Naval Race, 1898â1914"
541:Weaponization of artificial intelligence
315:
1865:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
558:
3709:Russian espionage in the United States
1981:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
424:is a system where two populations are
3704:Soviet espionage in the United States
1860:Indonesian mass killings of 1965â1966
1639:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
1304:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
459:gaining an advantage over the other.
7:
3780:Soviet UnionâUnited States relations
2131:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
753:Arms Races in International Politics
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
546:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
502:for his mathematical analysis of war
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3744:Soviet involvement in regime change
877:Champion, Marc (12 December 2019).
204:Pre-First World War naval arms race
168:, arms races constitute spiralling
3785:Soviet UnionâUnited States summits
1259:1947 Polish parliamentary election
1144:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
685:Annual Review of Political Science
14:
2546:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
2481:United States invasion of Grenada
1751:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
1692:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
785:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
398:artificial intelligence arms race
392:Artificial intelligence arms race
386:Artificial intelligence arms race
2621:United States invasion of Panama
2471:1982 EthiopianâSomali Border War
2111:1971 Turkish military memorandum
2074:Communist insurgency in Thailand
2044:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1976:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
1803:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
1731:IndonesiaâMalaysia confrontation
1249:Restatement of Policy on Germany
339:, an intense period between the
34:
3341:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2722:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
2651:Fall of the inner German border
2551:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
2201:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
2191:Spanish transition to democracy
2151:1972â1975 Bangladesh insurgency
1778:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
1284:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947â1948
1165:Occupation of the Baltic states
984:Der amerikanische RĂŒstungswahn.
698:10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.251
373:dissolution of the Soviet Union
218:South American dreadnought race
45:needs additional citations for
2121:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
1756:Mozambican War of Independence
1195:Indonesian National Revolution
970:Journal of Conflict resolution
945:Journal of Conflict Resolution
747:Seligmann, Matthew S. (2016),
569:Journal of Conflict Resolution
526:Revolution in military affairs
1:
3719:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
2734:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
2687:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
2409:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
2374:Seven Days to the River Rhine
2106:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
1393:March 1949 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1321:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'Ă©tat
961:". In Cameron G. Thies, ed.,
848:10.1080/13523260.2019.1576464
805:10.1080/00963402.2016.1216672
2712:Fall of communism in Albania
2682:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
2631:Polish Round Table Agreement
1971:1968 Polish political crisis
1788:Eritrean War of Independence
1554:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
1449:East German uprising of 1953
1381:Chinese Communist Revolution
836:Contemporary Security Policy
300:Brazil, Argentina, and Chile
210:Anglo-German naval arms race
2586:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
2314:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
2059:Corrective Movement (Syria)
2023:New People's Army rebellion
2018:Sino-Soviet border conflict
1746:Angolan War of Independence
1609:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
1489:1954 Guatemalan coup d'Ă©tat
1134:Jamaican political conflict
679:Glaser, Charles L. (2000).
652:Glaser, Charles L. (2010).
511:Militaryâindustrial complex
3890:
2782:Sino-Indian border dispute
2611:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
2541:1987â1989 JVP insurrection
2299:1976 Argentine coup d'Ă©tat
2211:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
2161:1973 Uruguayan coup d'Ă©tat
1845:1964 Brazilian coup d'Ă©tat
1813:Cyprus crisis of 1963â1964
1502:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
1269:Asian Relations Conference
954:. Oxford University Press.
582:10.1177/002200278002400204
449:Internet service providers
412:between the US and China.
389:
309:
207:
156:, and the aim of superior
18:
3818:
3666:William Appleman Williams
3611:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
2126:Bangladesh Liberation War
2116:1971 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
2003:1969 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
1991:1968 Peruvian coup d'Ă©tat
1429:Arab Cold War (1952â1979)
1054:
982:Barnet, Richard J. 1984.
402:lethal autonomous weapons
331:nuclear weapon stockpiles
2441:1980 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat
2276:CambodianâVietnamese War
2246:1978 Somali coup attempt
2206:Second IraqiâKurdish War
2171:1973 Chilean coup d'Ă©tat
1996:Revolutionary Government
1890:South African Border War
1682:1960 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat
1599:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
1454:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
1434:1952 Egyptian revolution
2646:Fall of the Berlin Wall
2591:People Power Revolution
2576:Central American crisis
2516:1986 Black Sea incident
2166:1973 Afghan coup d'Ă©tat
2064:Western Sahara conflict
1875:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1798:1963 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1741:Portuguese Colonial War
1704:First IraqiâKurdish War
1469:1954 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1346:Annexation of Hyderabad
1289:1947â1949 Palestine war
612:Encyclopedia Britannica
490:Driver safety arms race
265:Washington Naval Treaty
240:Washington Naval Treaty
19:For similar terms, see
2940:Neoclassical economics
2451:Gulf of Sidra incident
2008:1969 Libyan revolution
1699:IraqiâKurdish conflict
1484:1954 Geneva Conference
1244:Turkish straits crisis
1239:Corfu Channel incident
430:Red Queen's Hypothesis
422:evolutionary arms race
332:
242:
231:
137:
25:Evolutionary arms race
3790:RussiaâNATO relations
3671:Jonathan Reed Winkler
2955:Democratic capitalism
2950:Supply-side economics
2918:American conservatism
2717:Breakup of Yugoslavia
2606:Bougainville conflict
2521:South Yemen civil war
2456:Martial law in Poland
2319:Nicaraguan Revolution
2294:Dirty War (Argentina)
2101:1971 JVP insurrection
1915:Years of Lead (Italy)
1793:North Yemen civil war
1711:Berlin Crisis of 1961
1687:AlbanianâSoviet split
1619:1959 Tibetan uprising
1584:Syrian Crisis of 1957
1439:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
1299:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
999:Bruhn, JĂŒrgen. 1995.
972:24.2 (1980): 253â284.
920:10.15463/ie1418.10219
720:Posen, Barry (1984).
319:
245:From 1897 to 1914, a
237:
225:
135:
3859:Geopolitical rivalry
3854:Military terminology
3211:Non-Aligned Movement
2833:Peaceful coexistence
2787:North Borneo dispute
2702:German reunification
2697:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
2395:Salvadoran Civil War
2344:Grand Mosque seizure
2339:Yemenite War of 1979
2231:Mozambican Civil War
2186:Carnation Revolution
2141:Yemenite War of 1972
2079:1970 Polish protests
1910:1967 Hong Kong riots
1885:Argentine Revolution
1835:Guatemalan Civil War
1763:Cuban Missile Crisis
1677:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1549:1956 PoznaĆ protests
1527:Geneva Summit (1955)
1129:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1108:Non-Aligned Movement
500:Lewis Fry Richardson
54:improve this article
3864:Technological races
3656:Alex von Tunzelmann
3646:Vladimir TismÄneanu
3571:Thomas J. McCormick
3566:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
3466:Robert Hugh Ferrell
3329:Crusade for Freedom
3126:Illiberal democracy
3010:Ho Chi Minh Thought
2813:Eisenhower Doctrine
2666:Peaceful Revolution
2661:Romanian Revolution
2641:Revolutions of 1989
2626:1988 Polish strikes
2536:Operation INFEKTION
2531:1987 Lieyu massacre
2436:Eritrean Civil Wars
2419:Peruvian Revolution
2369:1979 Herat uprising
2359:Sino-Vietnamese War
2324:UgandaâTanzania War
2304:EgyptianâLibyan War
2271:Third Indochina War
2266:Sino-Albanian split
2256:Ethiopian Civil War
2156:Eritrean Civil Wars
2096:Ping-pong diplomacy
2069:Cambodian Civil War
1895:Korean DMZ Conflict
1880:Cultural Revolution
1850:Dominican Civil War
1828:Tlatelolco massacre
1614:1959 Mosul uprising
1604:1958 Lebanon crisis
1331:Al-Wathbah uprising
1254:First Indochina War
1224:Iran crisis of 1946
947:28.1 (1984): 63â84.
797:2016BuAtS..72e.318G
278:; the Ottomans and
158:military technology
3810:Russian Revolution
3606:Mary Elise Sarotte
3591:William B. Pickett
3516:Patrick J. Hearden
3496:Gabriel Gorodetsky
3491:Timothy Garton Ash
3476:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
3071:Ethnic nationalism
2823:Hallstein Doctrine
2707:Yemeni unification
2496:1985 Geneva Summit
2461:Casamance conflict
2364:New Jewel Movement
2349:Iranian Revolution
2334:ChadianâLibyan War
2281:Cambodian conflict
2261:Lebanese Civil War
2251:Western Sahara War
2226:June 1976 protests
2221:Cambodian genocide
1986:17 July Revolution
1940:Nigerian Civil War
1855:Rhodesian Bush War
1840:Colombian conflict
1783:Ramadan Revolution
1522:Bandung Conference
1398:Operation Valuable
1279:Partition of India
879:"Digital Cold War"
455:software writers.
441:antivirus software
333:
298:in the 1930s; and
243:
232:
152:, the growth of a
138:
3841:
3840:
3828:List of conflicts
3676:Rudolph Winnacker
3621:Giles Scott-Smith
3596:Ronald E. Powaski
3551:Melvyn P. Leffler
3481:John Lewis Gaddis
3456:Robert D. English
3421:Warren H. Carroll
3411:Michael Beschloss
3380:Nuclear arms race
3361:
3360:
3267:Neues Deutschland
3169:
3168:
3151:White nationalism
3121:Liberal democracy
2858:Ulbricht Doctrine
2848:Brezhnev Doctrine
2656:Velvet Revolution
2400:SovietâAfghan War
2216:Angolan Civil War
2013:Goulash Communism
1870:ASEAN Declaration
1823:Mexican Dirty War
1721:Annexation of Goa
1672:1960 U-2 incident
1646:Sino-Soviet split
1624:Laotian Civil War
1464:Bricker Amendment
1444:Mau Mau rebellion
1388:Malayan Emergency
1376:Chinese Civil War
1336:TitoâStalin split
1190:Division of Korea
986:Reinbek: Rowohlt
770:978-0-19-873526-7
733:978-0-8014-1633-0
470:Nuclear arms race
312:Nuclear arms race
306:Nuclear arms race
193:deterrence models
130:
129:
122:
104:
21:Nuclear arms race
3881:
3874:Arms trafficking
3586:David S. Painter
3511:John Earl Haynes
3441:Nicholas J. Cull
3426:Adrian Cioroianu
3406:Thomas A. Bailey
3353:Voice of America
3244:
3156:White separatism
3136:Social democracy
3131:Guided democracy
3111:Authoritarianism
3061:Ultranationalism
3051:Anti-imperialism
2978:MarxismâLeninism
2891:
2878:Kinmen Agreement
2843:Johnson Doctrine
2828:Kennedy Doctrine
2744:Frozen conflicts
2727:1991 August Coup
2616:Afghan Civil War
2511:ReykjavĂk Summit
2506:Somali Rebellion
2446:Ugandan Bush War
2424:GdaĆsk Agreement
1945:Protests of 1968
1925:War of Attrition
1634:Cuban Revolution
1570:We will bury you
1537:Cyprus Emergency
1517:Kashmir Princess
1507:Jebel Akhdar War
1356:Western betrayal
1041:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1013:
996:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
868:
867:
831:
825:
824:
780:
774:
773:
744:
738:
737:
717:
711:
710:
700:
676:
670:
669:
649:
634:
628:
622:
621:
619:
618:
604:
598:
597:
563:
531:Security dilemma
437:computer viruses
226:1909 cartoon in
189:revisionist aims
181:security dilemma
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3814:
3805:Second Cold War
3763:
3691:
3685:
3661:Odd Arne Westad
3651:Patrick Vaughan
3636:Athan Theoharis
3616:Ellen Schrecker
3601:Yakov M. Rabkin
3576:Timothy Naftali
3521:Tvrtko Jakovina
3506:Jussi HanhimÀki
3389:
3367:
3357:
3335:Paix et Liberté
3310:
3254:Active measures
3235:
3165:
3146:White supremacy
3106:Totalitarianism
3034:
2959:
2882:
2868:Reagan Doctrine
2863:Carter Doctrine
2803:Truman Doctrine
2791:
2738:
2670:
2565:Soviet reaction
2476:Ndogboyosoi War
2383:
2354:Saur Revolution
2181:1973 oil crisis
2146:Munich massacre
2054:Alcora Exercise
2049:Black September
2027:
1773:Sino-Indian War
1667:Simba rebellion
1650:
1494:Capture of the
1402:
1341:Berlin Blockade
1274:May 1947 crises
1264:Truman Doctrine
1229:Greek Civil War
1218:Blacklist Forty
1185:Gouzenko Affair
1172:Cursed soldiers
1124:Morgenthau Plan
1112:
1050:
1045:
1011:
994:
979:
977:German language
903:
901:Further reading
898:
897:
887:
885:
876:
875:
871:
833:
832:
828:
782:
781:
777:
771:
746:
745:
741:
734:
719:
718:
714:
678:
677:
673:
666:
651:
650:
637:
629:
625:
616:
614:
606:
605:
601:
565:
564:
560:
555:
550:
506:Second Cold War
485:Cyber arms race
465:
418:
394:
388:
314:
308:
247:naval arms race
220:
208:Main articles:
206:
201:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3887:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3631:Timothy Snyder
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3561:Vojtech Mastny
3558:
3556:Geir Lundestad
3553:
3548:
3546:Walter Laqueur
3543:
3541:Walter LaFeber
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3471:André Fontaine
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3401:Gar Alperovitz
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Third-Worldism
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Libertarianism
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2908:Chicago school
2905:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Nixon Doctrine
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2796:Foreign policy
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Operation RYAN
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:Able Archer 83
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Oromo conflict
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Yom Kippur War
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:Aden Emergency
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:Papua conflict
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1629:Kitchen Debate
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Sputnik crisis
1586:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1559:Polish October
1556:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:Pact of Madrid
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1414:Bamboo Curtain
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1003:GieĂen: Focus
997:
978:
975:
974:
973:
966:
955:
948:
937:
934:
927:World Politics
923:
906:Brose, Eric. "
902:
899:
896:
895:
869:
842:(3): 285â311.
826:
791:(5): 318â321.
775:
769:
739:
732:
712:
691:(1): 251â276.
671:
664:
635:
623:
599:
557:
556:
554:
551:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
464:
461:
417:
414:
390:Main article:
387:
384:
379:Charles Glaser
310:Main article:
307:
304:
276:Ottoman Empire
251:United Kingdom
205:
202:
200:
197:
187:, states with
183:, engineering
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3886:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:War on terror
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:Espionage and
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Andrew Thorpe
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Gabriel Kolko
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Fred Halliday
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Lloyd Gardner
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:Norman Davies
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:John Costello
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:Technological
3364:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:Pro-communist
3245:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:Organizations
3172:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Eurocommunism
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Domino theory
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:South Ossetia
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:8888 Uprising
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:IranâIraq War
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
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185:spiral models
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162:sporting race
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71: â
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
3800:Brinkmanship
3692:intelligence
3581:Marius Oprea
3531:Harvey Klehr
3461:Herbert Feis
3451:Willem Drees
3416:Archie Brown
3374:
3333:
3321:
3303:
3293:Trybuna Ludu
3291:
3284:
3280:Radio Moscow
3272:
3265:
3258:
3086:Anti-Zionism
3002:
2925:Keynesianism
2913:Conservatism
2777:Transnistria
2757:China-Taiwan
2414:Gera Demands
2287:
2088:
1963:
1768:El Porteñazo
1662:Congo Crisis
1577:
1512:Algerian War
1495:
1371:Western Bloc
1366:Eastern Bloc
1361:Iron Curtain
1217:
1209:
1201:
1178:
1158:
1150:
1067:Soviet Union
1065:
1058:
1000:
983:
969:
962:
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944:
930:
926:
911:
886:. Retrieved
882:
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829:
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742:
722:
715:
688:
684:
674:
654:
626:
615:. Retrieved
611:
602:
593:
573:
567:
561:
495:AI arms race
475:Arms control
457:
434:
419:
397:
395:
377:
341:Soviet Union
334:
325:Soviet Union
269:
258:
249:between the
244:
227:
174:
141:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3626:Shen Zhihua
3436:Michael Cox
3368:competition
3315:Pro-Western
3305:Soviet Life
3231:Safari Club
3201:Warsaw Pact
3056:Nationalism
3046:Imperialism
2945:Reaganomics
2808:Containment
2601:Perestroika
2090:Realpolitik
1920:Six-Day War
1905:Greek junta
1716:Berlin Wall
1564:Suez Crisis
1532:Vietnam War
1419:McCarthyism
1234:Baruch Plan
1179:Unthinkable
1139:Dekemvriana
1078:Warsaw Pact
1012:(in German)
995:(in German)
608:"arms race"
516:Missile gap
410:AI Cold War
396:A military
361:Middle East
349:missile gap
260:Dreadnought
160:. Unlike a
69:"Arms race"
3848:Categories
3394:Historians
3385:Space Race
3286:Rudé pråvo
3240:Propaganda
3096:Neo-Nazism
3066:Chauvinism
3020:Trotskyism
2935:Monetarism
2903:Liberalism
2895:Capitalism
2887:Ideologies
2838:Ostpolitik
2561:Solidarity
2526:Toyota War
2429:Solidarity
2286:Operation
2241:Ogaden War
1930:Dhofar War
1818:Shifta War
1576:Operation
1424:Korean War
1216:Operation
1208:Operation
1200:Operation
1177:Operation
1157:Operation
1149:Operation
617:2023-06-13
576:(2): 255.
553:References
536:Space race
416:Other uses
357:Proxy wars
353:bomber gap
80:newspapers
3681:Ken Young
3526:Tony Judt
3375:Arms race
3348:Red Scare
3216:NN States
3161:Apartheid
3116:Autocracy
3025:Stalinism
2993:Guevarism
2983:Castroism
2973:Communism
2965:Socialism
2491:Star Wars
2084:Koza riot
1210:Beleaguer
1202:Masterdom
883:Bloomberg
864:159310223
856:1352-3260
821:151967826
813:0096-3402
707:1094-2939
590:154715176
142:arms race
110:June 2007
3833:Timeline
3823:Category
3768:See also
3260:Izvestia
3101:Islamism
2998:Hoxhaism
2873:Rollback
2752:Abkhazia
2692:Gulf War
2596:Glasnost
1966:incident
1736:Sand War
1594:Ifni War
1103:Rio Pact
1048:Cold War
463:See also
447:against
445:spammers
426:evolving
343:and the
337:Cold War
274:and the
199:Examples
154:military
3869:Weapons
3323:Amerika
3206:Comecon
3091:Fascism
3081:Zionism
3030:Titoism
2571:Contras
2039:DĂ©tente
1316:Comecon
910:", in:
793:Bibcode
369:Vietnam
351:" and "
255:Germany
170:systems
166:project
150:weapons
94:scholar
3274:Pravda
3076:Racism
3015:Maoism
2767:Kosovo
2288:Condor
1964:Pueblo
1950:May 68
1578:Gladio
1496:Tuapse
1159:Jungle
1151:Priboi
1007:
990:
888:3 July
862:
854:
819:
811:
767:
730:
705:
662:
632:race."
588:
453:E-mail
367:, and
329:Russia
290:; the
284:France
280:Greece
272:Russia
216:, and
191:, and
146:states
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3759:Stasi
3226:SAARC
3221:ASEAN
3186:SEATO
3039:Other
3004:Juche
2762:Korea
2675:1990s
2388:1980s
2032:1970s
1655:1960s
1407:1950s
1117:1940s
1098:NEATO
1093:SEATO
1083:ANZUS
860:S2CID
817:S2CID
595:arms.
586:S2CID
443:, or
365:Korea
296:Japan
288:Italy
101:JSTOR
87:books
3299:TASS
3191:METO
3181:NATO
2407:and
2405:1980
1962:USS
1088:METO
1073:NATO
1005:ISBN
988:ISBN
890:2021
852:ISSN
809:ISSN
765:ISBN
728:ISBN
703:ISSN
660:ISBN
451:and
439:and
323:and
294:and
286:and
253:and
228:Puck
73:news
23:and
3754:KGB
3749:MVD
3734:MI6
3729:MI5
3724:CIA
3196:EEC
943:".
916:doi
844:doi
801:doi
757:doi
693:doi
578:doi
420:An
177:war
140:An
56:by
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