468:, Arnoraja was defeated in this war, having suffered from an arrow shot in his face. The war appears to have ended with a matrimonial alliance: Arnoraja's daughter Jahlana married Kumarapala. According to later Jain legends, Kumarapala's sister Devalladevi also married Arnoraja. However, the existence of Devalladevi is doubtful. Despite the conflict, Kumarapala treated Arnoraja's son Someshvara (who lived with the Chaulukyas) well.
496:, Devalladevi is a fictional character created by either Rajashekhara or another Jain writer, as none of the chronicles written before 14th century mention her. According to Majumdar, Arnoraja probably invaded the Chaulukya kingdom taking advantage of Kumarapala's involvement in other conflicts. This second war also ended with Arnoraja's defeat. Kumarapala's victory over Arnoraja is corroborated by multiple Chaulukya inscriptions.
293:
376:. R. B. Singh speculates that after revolting against Bahram Shah, Bahalim sought asylum with the Chahamanas. Arnoraja granted him the fief of Nagaur. After defeating Bahalim, Bahram Shah may have attempted to subdue Arnoraja, but was defeated. The Muslim chronicles probably omitted this event to avoid recording Bahram Shah's defeat.
330:
also states that
Arnoraja repulsed a Muslim invasion. According to the text, these invaders came through the desert, and had to drink the blood of their horses in absence of water. After defeating these invaders, Arnoraja purified the place of their death by commissioning a lake, which is identified
471:
Sometime around 1150 CE, there appears to have been a second war between
Arnoraja and Kumarapala. According to the Jain chroniclers of Gujarat, such as Jayasimha Suri, Rajashekhara and Jina-Mandana, Arnoraja once insulted Jains while playing chess with his wife Devalladevi. Rajashekhara's
504:
The
Bijolia rock inscription states that Arnoraja retaliated against the Kusha-Varana (Kuśa-Varaṇa) kingdom. The identity of this kingdom is not certain. Historian A. K. Vyas theorized that Kusha and Varana were two separate kingdoms. He identified Kusha with
431:, the son of Arnoraja and Kanchana, was brought up at the Chaulukya court in Gujarat. The matrimonial alliance probably ended the conflict for a short period, but the Chaulukya-Chahamana conflict resumed after Jayasimha's death.
461:, Arnoraja attacked Gujarat because he thought of Kumarapala as a weaker ruler than Jayasimha. Historian A. K. Majumdar speculates that Arnoraja may have planned to replace Kumarapala with his son Someshvara.
492:
A. K. Majumdar pointed out that
Kumarapala converted to Jainism at a later date, so the legend about his sister getting offended by Arnoraja appears to be historically inaccurate. According to
521:, in proper context, the term "kusha" means "sinful"; the inscription characterizes the Varanaa kingdom as a sinful one. Sharma theorizes that the Varana kingdom was ruled by
234:(eulogy) inscription also begins with a mention of Naravarman, but the verse is incomplete. Four lines later, it states that Arnoraja's warriors captured the elephants of the
992:
183:
and his wife
Somalladevi. He is known by various names, including Analadeva, Ānaladeva, Ana, Anna, and Ānāka. Two 1139 CE Revasa inscriptions mention his title as
246:
believes that this king of Malwa was
Naravarman. According to R. B. Singh, this probably refers to Arnoraja's military success against Naravarman's successor
1225:
985:
439:
After
Jayasimha's death, a war of succession took place between his nominee and adopted son Chahada (also Bahada or Charudatta), and his relative
443:. Chahada formed an alliance with Arnoraja and other princes, and instigated them to fight Kumarapala, as attested by several sources, including
1230:
564:
and
Devadatta. Jagaddeva killed Arnoraja and occupied the Chahamana throne for a brief period, before Vigraharaja became the next king.
482:
of his wife, Arnoraja remarked "Kill these
Mundikas" in jest. This offended her, because Mundika (literally "bald") could refer to the
978:
941:
313:
287:
148:
421:
to
Jayasimha. It mentions Sambhar, which indicates that Jayasimha may have even occupied the Chahamana capital for a brief period.
1128:
1189:
545:
440:
428:
368:
fort. Bahram Shah marched towards India to defeat Bahalim, who also set out from Nagaur with his army. The two armies met at
247:
1169:
557:
517:
king Govindachandra, and it would not have been an easy task for Arnoraja to attack such a powerful kingdom. According to
427:
also states that Jayasimha defeated Arnoraja, but adds that Jayasimha gave his daughter Kanchana in marriage to Arnoraja.
168:
86:
62:
1022:
270:
muddy, and caused the women of that country to shed tears. This appears to be a reference to Arnoraja's invasion of the
1001:
132:
98:
364:
states that a chief named Muhammad Bahalim once revolted against Bahram Shah. Bahalim is said to have built the
489:
Jain gurus. Devalladevi, a devout Jain and a sister of Kumarapala, asked her brother to avenge this insult.
536:
and the Sarasvati rivers. In absence of other information, the details of this expedition are not clear.
355:
309:
144:
453:
402:
274:
kingdom. Arnoraja seems to have defeated the Tomaras, but this victory was not decisive, as his son
1194:
414:
326:
970:
215:
rock inscription boasts that Arnoraja humiliated Nirvvana-Naryana, which was an epithet of the
958:
937:
918:
518:
493:
243:
81:
1133:
394:
360:
216:
156:
486:
227:
had defeated Naravarman, so this incident may have taken place when Arnoraja was a prince.
1138:
1113:
1108:
1016:
474:
185:
1199:
1184:
1174:
1118:
1103:
1072:
1067:
1057:
561:
372:, where Bahalim was defeated and killed. Bahram Shah then left for Ghazna to fight the
343:
321:
275:
271:
160:
401:. This conflict appears to have ended with an advantage to the Gujarat Chaulukya king
335:. The lake was filled with the water of the Chandra river, identified with the modern
1219:
1143:
1093:
1062:
1047:
1042:
342:
Historian H. C. Ray theorized that the Muslim invaders defeated by Arnoraja were the
292:
1179:
1159:
1088:
1052:
479:
267:
224:
180:
108:
52:
952:
931:
912:
1037:
1027:
533:
510:
406:
336:
262:
inscription also states that Arnoraja's soldiers marched to Haritanaka (modern
514:
305:
220:
152:
413:, Ānā of Sapadalaksha (that is, Arnoraja), bent his head before Jayasimha. A
1123:
1098:
962:
549:
417:(Shakambhari) inscription provides a genealogy of the Chaulukya kings, from
390:
347:
332:
297:
164:
140:
136:
922:
552:
princess of Gujarat. The other three were born of Sudhava, the princess of
752:
750:
748:
393:
conflict, probably as a result of their attempts to control the weakening
1204:
1032:
418:
135:. He ruled the Sapadalaksha country, which included parts of present-day
506:
483:
373:
263:
212:
93:
815:
813:
553:
522:
369:
365:
351:
354:. However, R. B. Singh identifies the invader as the Ghaznavid king
131:: Arṇorāja, r. c. 1135–1150 CE) was an Indian king belonging to the
398:
291:
235:
682:
680:
614:
612:
610:
608:
578:
576:
513:. Historian R. B. Singh points out that Kannauj was ruled by the
699:
697:
695:
128:
974:
890:
888:
643:
641:
639:
595:
593:
591:
320:
inscription Arnoraja adorned Ajmer with the blood of
855:
819:
792:
768:
756:
1152:
1081:
1009:
114:
104:
92:
80:
72:
68:
58:
48:
40:
35:
23:
525:, whose king was either Sahajaditya or Bhojadeva.
879:
843:
831:
780:
739:
686:
659:
618:
582:
389:Arnoraja's reign saw a revival of the Chahamana-
300:lake in Ajmer is named after Arnoraja alias Ana
139:in north-western India. Arnoraja defeated the
986:
532:inscription states that Arnoraja reached the
266:). Their invasion rendered the waters of the
8:
167:, and was ultimately killed by his own son,
894:
867:
804:
727:
715:
703:
671:
647:
630:
599:
544:Arnoraja had at least four sons. Of these,
358:himself. The 13th century Muslim chronicle
993:
979:
971:
20:
179:Arnoraja was a son of the Chahamana king
151:, and also defeated several neighbouring
457:. According to Merutunga, the author of
196:Paramabhattaraka-Maharajadhiraja-Shrimad
572:
278:also had to fight against the Tomaras.
163:. He had to face defeats against the
7:
405:. According to the Gujarat scholar
936:. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass.
14:
314:Slaughter of Turushkas near Ajmer
288:Slaughter of Turushkas near Ajmer
149:Slaughter of Turushkas near Ajmer
478:states that while taking away a
1226:Chahamana kings of Shakambhari
1:
911:Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1956).
133:Shakambhari Chahamana dynasty
1231:12th-century Indian monarchs
30:Maharajadhiraja-Parameshvara
18:Maharajadhiraja-Parameshvara
190:. An 1141 CE manuscript of
1247:
930:Dasharatha Sharma (1959).
917:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
548:was born of Kanchana, the
285:
1002:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
954:History of the Chāhamānas
856:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
820:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
793:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
769:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
757:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
316:. According to the Ajmer
99:Chahamanas of Shakambhari
28:
1010:9th century and earlier
933:Early Chauhān Dynasties
880:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
844:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
832:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
781:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
740:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
687:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
660:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
619:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
583:Dasharatha Sharma 1959
304:Arnoraja defeated the
301:
194:mentions his title as
914:Chaulukyas of Gujarat
380:Chaulukyas of Gujarat
324:(Turkic people). The
295:
951:R. B. Singh (1964).
459:Prabandha Chintamani
454:Prabandha-Chintamani
403:Jayasimha Siddharaja
385:Jayasimha Siddharaja
223:. Arnoraja's father
36:King of Sapadalaksha
1082:10th-11th centuries
1019:(possibly mythical)
1004:(Chauhans of Ajmer)
807:, pp. 135–136.
759:, pp. 107–108.
706:, pp. 133–134.
674:, pp. 139–140.
771:, p. 105-106.
633:, p. 138-140.
509:, and Varana with
466:Kumarapala Charita
449:Kumarapala Charita
327:Prithviraja Vijaya
302:
192:Avashyaka-Niryukti
1213:
1212:
519:Dasharatha Sharma
494:Dasharatha Sharma
464:According to the
244:Dasharatha Sharma
122:
121:
1238:
1134:Durlabharaja III
995:
988:
981:
972:
966:
947:
926:
898:
895:R. B. Singh 1964
892:
883:
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871:
868:R. B. Singh 1964
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859:
853:
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841:
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829:
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805:R. B. Singh 1964
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728:R. B. Singh 1964
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704:R. B. Singh 1964
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672:R. B. Singh 1964
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648:R. B. Singh 1964
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634:
631:R. B. Singh 1964
628:
622:
616:
603:
600:R. B. Singh 1964
597:
586:
580:
361:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
331:with the modern
21:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1195:Prithviraja III
1148:
1139:Vigraharaja III
1114:Govindaraja III
1109:Durlabharaja II
1077:
1005:
999:
969:
950:
944:
929:
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500:Other campaigns
475:Prabandha Kosha
437:
387:
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290:
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256:
209:
204:
202:Military career
186:Maharajadhiraja
177:
44:c. 1135–1150 CE
19:
12:
11:
5:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1218:
1217:
1211:
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1208:
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1200:Govindaraja IV
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:Prithviraja II
1182:
1177:
1175:Vigraharaja IV
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1167:
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1156:
1154:
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1146:
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1136:
1131:
1126:
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1119:Vakpatiraja II
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:Vigraharaja II
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1073:Govindaraja II
1070:
1068:Chandraraja II
1065:
1060:
1058:Durlabharaja I
1055:
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1035:
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957:. N. Kishore.
948:
942:
927:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:
884:
872:
870:, p. 137.
860:
858:, p. 106.
848:
836:
824:
822:, p. 104.
809:
797:
795:, p. 108.
785:
773:
761:
744:
732:
730:, p. 135.
720:
718:, p. 156.
708:
691:
676:
664:
652:
650:, p. 138.
635:
623:
604:
602:, p. 136.
587:
571:
569:
566:
562:Vigraharaja IV
541:
538:
501:
498:
436:
433:
386:
383:
381:
378:
350:) generals of
286:Main article:
283:
280:
276:Vigraharaja IV
255:
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208:
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176:
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155:including the
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1144:Prithviraja I
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1125:
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1120:
1117:
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1094:Vakpatiraja I
1092:
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1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Govindaraja I
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Chandraraja I
1046:
1044:
1043:Vigraharaja I
1041:
1039:
1036:
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943:9780842606189
939:
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928:
924:
920:
916:
915:
909:
908:
903:
897:, p. 59.
896:
891:
889:
885:
882:, p. 46.
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
846:, p. 51.
845:
840:
837:
834:, p. 49.
833:
828:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
783:, p. 50.
782:
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751:
749:
745:
742:, p. 48.
741:
736:
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724:
721:
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712:
709:
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696:
692:
689:, p. 47.
688:
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662:, p. 44.
661:
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632:
627:
624:
621:, p. 45.
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615:
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611:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
592:
588:
585:, p. 43.
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425:Kirti Kaumidi
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268:Kalindi river
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242:). Historian
241:
237:
233:
228:
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189:
188:-Parameshvara
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134:
130:
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83:
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76:Kanchana-devi
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
31:
27:
22:
16:
1180:Amaragangeya
1164:
1160:Ajayaraja II
1153:12th century
1129:Chamundaraja
1089:Chandanaraja
1053:Gopendraraja
953:
932:
913:
904:Bibliography
875:
863:
851:
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827:
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388:
359:
341:
325:
317:
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259:
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239:
231:
229:
225:Ajayaraja II
210:
195:
191:
184:
181:Ajayaraja II
178:
124:
123:
109:Ajayaraja II
53:Ajayaraja II
29:
15:
1038:Ajayaraja I
1028:Samantaraja
523:Dod Rajputs
511:Bulandshahr
407:Hemachandra
397:kingdom of
356:Bahram Shah
337:Bandi River
310:Bahram Shah
248:Yashovarman
153:Hindu kings
145:Bahram Shah
118:Somalladevi
49:Predecessor
1220:Categories
1190:Someshvara
568:References
546:Someshvara
528:The Ajmer
515:Gahadavala
487:Śvetāmbara
445:Dvyashraya
441:Kumarapala
435:Kumarapala
429:Someshvara
411:Dvyashraya
258:The Ajmer
230:The Ajmer
221:Naravarman
175:Early life
165:Chaulukyas
1170:Jagaddeva
1124:Viryarama
1099:Simharaja
1017:Chahamana
558:Jagaddeva
550:Chaulukya
530:prashasti
391:Chaulukya
348:Ghaznavid
333:Ana Sagar
322:Turushkas
318:prashasti
306:Ghaznavid
298:Ana Sagar
282:Turushkas
260:prashasti
240:Malavesha
232:prashasti
207:Paramaras
169:Jagaddeva
157:Paramaras
141:Ghaznavid
137:Rajasthan
87:Jagaddeva
63:Jagaddeva
59:Successor
1205:Hariraja
1165:Arnoraja
1033:Naradeva
1023:Vasudeva
963:11038728
484:tonsured
419:Mularaja
395:Paramara
217:Paramara
159:and the
125:Arnoraja
24:Arnoraja
923:4413150
507:Kannauj
415:Sambhar
374:Ghurids
312:in the
264:Haryana
254:Tomaras
213:Bijolia
161:Tomaras
147:in the
94:Dynasty
73:Consort
961:
940:
921:
554:Marwar
534:Sindhu
451:, and
370:Multan
366:Nagaur
352:Lahore
344:Yamini
272:Tomara
238:king (
219:ruler
115:Mother
105:Father
540:Death
399:Malwa
308:king
236:Malwa
143:king
82:Issue
41:Reign
959:OCLC
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694:^
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