Knowledge (XXG)

Arshakid Mausoleum

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364:"... They came and besieged the secure fortress of Angegh (which is in the Angeghtun district), for at were the mausoleums of many of the Armenian Arsacid kings, and many treasures had been stored and kept there from ancestors, from ancient times on. So, went and besieged that fortress. But when they were unable to take it because of the security of the place, they departed. They passed by many fortresses because they were unable to fight with the strongholds. However, the secure fortress of Ani in the Daranaghi district was betrayed into their hands, because the malefactor Meruzhan devised a stratagem against this secure fortress. climbed up, destroyed the walls, and had countless treasures lowered down from the fortress. They opened the tombs of the first kings of the Armenians, of the Arsacid braves, and took the bones of the kings into captivity. However, they were unable to open only the tomb of King Sanatruk because of its colossal, gigantic firm construction. So they left that place and went on elsewhere raiding, advancing through the Basen areas seeking to come up behind the troops of the king of Armenia. 383:
district of Ayrarat, resembling the sand on the seashore. Vassak and the brigade with him fell upon the army of the Persian king suddenly, at night. And they put all of the Persian troops to the sword. Only the King was able to escape by a hairsbreadth and flee. pursued the survivors and chased them beyond their borders, and retrieved from them much, countless loot, an inestimable amount. They put all to the sword and retrieved from them the bones of their kings which the Persians were taking into captivity to the land of Persia. For they, in accordance with their pagan faith said: "We are taking the bones of the Armenian kings to our land so that the glory, fortune and bravery of the kings of this land will come to our land with the kings' bones". Vassak retrieved all that had been captured from the land of Armenia. The bones of the Armenian kings which Vassak retrieved, they buried at the stronghold in the village called Aghtsk, in the Ayrarat district, which is located in one of the narrow crevices of the great
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who were united in war with one mind and one heart to go and fight for their sons and wives, to give their lives for the land and for the districts of the land they inhabited, to fight for their church, for the oath of worship of their blessed churches, for the oath of faith in the name of their God, and for their native Arsacid lords. For many people and even the bones of the dead kings had been seized from their own places and transferred to a foreign land.
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with four columns that separated it from the aisles to either side. Directly in front of the nave was a semi-circular apse with a single study or “prayer room” to the side. Only the lower walls remain standing today along with some of the larger stones, some of which have relief carved into their
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expecting the enemy to come forth, they passed through the side, destroyed the land, and now are coming against you." When King Arshak of Armenia and his general, Vassak, heard this they reviewed their troops. At that time under general Vassak's disposition were some 60,000 select and martial men
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The Sparapet Vassak with 60,000 troops advanced, turning about, leaving King Arshak in a secure spot somewhere in the Marac' country with attendants. Then himself came and reached the interior of Armenia, the district of Ayrarat. He found the Persian troops which had encamped en masse in the
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and a motif of rams is depicted while on the other (south) there are depictions of a mythical hero alongside astrological imagery of birds, a calf amid a grape vine, a cross within a circle with two birds perched on top and a hunter with two dogs striking a wild boar. According to legend, the
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The loot and exhumed remains of the other kings were then carried off en route to Persia with the belief that the land in which the kings' bones were interred would gain their fame, fortune and strength. King Shapur II wanted to reduce the morale of the Armenians as well. The Armenian
1764: 313:, discovered there the treasures and tombs of the Armenian Arshakuni Kings. He ordered his troops to exhume the royal remains and in doing so, destroyed the Arshakuni ancestral tombs that were at Ani-Kamakh. There was however the tomb of King 332:, recapturing the treasures and bones of the Armenian kings. He brought the royal remains to Dzorap (modern day Aghtsk) where he soon had them reinterred at a newly constructed mausoleum, separating Christian kings from the pagan kings. 430:
and columns. Most of the carvings have been obliterated over the years. At the time that it was constructed, the structure was two stories tall (the lower chamber having been built below ground) but now only the lower chamber remains.
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A church was constructed adjacent to the site in the late 4th - early 5th centuries, and the tombs at Dzorap continued to be used through the early 5th century until the Arsacid dynasty came to an end. According to the historian
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that sits alongside a path leading down to the gorge below, where there are many caves that date from the 16th-18th centuries. Some of the caves have doors and were used during these periods as refuge from invasions.
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centered within the structure to the north and south where the royal remains had been placed. Above each niche is an open arch, and in front of the small hall at the eastern end of the tomb is a semi-circular
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ossuary that had the Biblical relief held the bones of the Christian kings while that with the relief of the mythical hero held the bones of the pagan kings.
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The mausoleum that had once contained the bones of the Ashakid kings was constructed in the mid-late 4th century. The low-vaulted chamber is semi-
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A late-4th to early-5th-century basilica sits adjoined to the north end of the mausoleum. It was constructed with a central
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Each ossuary box is made of stone and is decorated with bas relief depicting two separate scenes. On one (north), the
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during the mid-4th century gathered together approximately 60,000 troops and defeated the Persians in the district of
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Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia
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that escaped this looting and destruction due to its enormous, impenetrable and ingeniously built structure.
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decoration of hunting scenes may still be faintly seen around the portal upon the half-rounded
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The Eerdmans Encyclopedia of Early Christian Art and Archaeology, ed., Paul Corby Finney
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surfaces. During the 19th century the church was partially reconstructed.
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Mausoleum: Mid-late 4th century; Basilica: Late 4th or early 5th century
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Ancient, medieval, and historical Armenian churches and monasteries
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with stone steps that lead up to the ground level. Some exterior
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The following passage describes the event in an excerpt from the
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While all this was taking place, the bad news reached King
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Mausoleum: Small-cruciform plan; Church: Basilica type plan
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Armenica.org: Basilica and the Arshakid Kings Mausoleum
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Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century
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It is best known for the 278:Arshakid dynasty of Armenia 2356: 406:in plan, with rectangular 387:, difficult to access..." 246:Tomb of the Arshakid Kings 1283: 241: 96: 52:Armenian Apostolic Church 28: 2299:San Lazzaro degli Armeni 2076:Monastery of St. Saviour 582:Kiesling, Brady (2005), 441:Daniel in the lions' den 2161:St. Nicholas Monastery 2061:Cathedral of St. James 389: 242:Արշակունիների դամբարան 160:Geographic coordinates 149:Show map of Aragatsotn 24:Արշակունիների դամբարան 2340:Mausoleums in Armenia 2081:Chapel of St. Helena 118:Shown within Armenia 2066:Church of St. Toros 2007:St. Sarkis, Isfahan 1822:Skanchelagordz Vank 1665:Barthoghimevos Vank 1501:Jigrasheni Avetyats 258:Aragatsotn Province 182:40.3125°N 44.2561°E 178: /  121:Show map of Armenia 79:Aragatsotn Province 22:Arshakid Mausoleum 2180:Notre Dame de Tyre 1272:St. Paul and Peter 678:Arshakid Mausoleum 511:Tomb façade detail 342:History of Armenia 2307: 2306: 2256:Nor Nakhichevan ( 959:Mashtots Hayrapet 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Nicholas 1902:Maghardavank 1885: 1786:Marinos Vank 1750:Karapet Vank 1564: 1521:Geghardavank 1464: 1426:Targmanchats 1362:St. Thaddeus 1324: 1301: 1292: 1227:Tsakhats Kar 1156:Jukhtak Vank 1071:Holy Saviour 846:St. Hripsime 803:Aghjots Vank 784:Yeghipatrush 749:Saghmosavank 703:Hovhannavank 688:Astvatsankal 677: 618: 583: 550: 530: 522:Bibliography 452: 439: 433: 401: 393:Architecture 381: 366: 363: 357: 352: 350: 346:Vagharshapat 341: 334: 319: 294: 292: 249: 245: 233: 231: 198:Architecture 2264:Sultan-Saly 2003:St. Gregory 1983:St. Stephen 1897:Thadei Vank 1872:Yerazgavors 1862:Yeghegnamor 1842:Tigranakert 1541:St. Stephen 1497:St. Gregory 1420:Kanach Zham 1394:Holy Savour 1354:St. Gregory 1264:St. Gregory 1195:Vayots Dzor 1178:Samsonavank 1132:Vorotnavank 1077:Harichavank 1005:Bardzrakash 939:Gharghavank 867:Gegharkunik 838:Etchmiadzin 774:Vahramashen 185: / 47:Affiliation 2314:Categories 2258:Holy Cross 2222:Holy Cross 2175:Magar Vank 2140:Bangladesh 2026:St. George 2015:St. Nerses 1979:St. George 1942:St. Sarkis 1852:Varagavank 1817:Sivrihisar 1807:Narekavank 1797:St. Marine 1755:Karmravank 1650:Arkakaghni 1551:Tskhinvali 1545:Zrkinyants 1537:St. Sarkis 1493:St. George 1400:Katarovank 1388:Hakobavank 1383:Gtichavank 1337:St. Thomas 1321:Azerbaijan 1256:Gethsemane 1242:Tsiranavor 1217:Spitakavor 1173:Matosavank 1168:Makaravank 1151:Haghartsin 1127:Vahanavank 1082:Lmbatavank 1049:Vanadzor ( 983:Yeghvard ( 944:Havuts Tar 905:Sevanavank 899:St. George 842:St. Gayane 818:Khor Virap 743:Tukh Manuk 739:St. Mesrop 698:Garnahovit 683:Aruchavank 671:Aragatsotn 517:References 424:bas relief 374:Atrpatakan 311:Ani-Kamakh 173:44°15′22″E 170:40°18′45″N 2192:Singapore 2041:Palestine 2037:Jerusalem 2011:St. Minas 1995:Bethlehem 1967:Nor Jugha 1917:Darashamb 1847:Trebizond 1801:Holy Sign 1761:Cathedral 1720:Gaziantep 1715:Eskişehir 1675:Kuzguncuk 1617:Cathedral 1533:Holy Sign 1505:Kamoyants 1485:Chugureti 1481:Bethlehem 1475:Tbilisi ( 1378:Gandzasar 1348:Aprakunis 1260:Katoghike 1254:Yerevan ( 1249:St. James 1247:Kanaker ( 1162:Arakelots 1160:Kirants ( 1146:Goshavank 1117:Monastery 1092:Pemzashen 1087:Marmashen 1020:Horomayri 1000:Monastery 979:Tejharuyk 974:Ptghavank 964:Mayravank 954:Makravank 893:Noratus ( 879:Hayravank 860:Zvartnots 854:Shoghakat 808:Artavazik 737:Oshakan ( 713:Karmravor 569:cite book 438:story of 404:cruciform 398:Mausoleum 303:Shapur II 270:Christian 266:mausoleum 223:Completed 2242:St. Mary 2185:Ganchvor 2133:Saidabad 2128:Chinsura 2123:Calcutta 2020:Tehran ( 1987:St. John 1975:St. Mary 1952:Mujumbar 1938:St. Mary 1936:Tabriz ( 1932:Mahlezan 1867:Yeghrdut 1857:Varzahan 1776:Khtzkonk 1765:St. Mary 1593:Aghtamar 1588:Aghperig 1577:St. Mary 1529:Norashen 1441:Vankasar 1414:Shusha ( 1368:Dadivank 1358:St. Mary 1335:Agulis ( 1268:St. John 1212:Noravank 1207:Gndevank 1188:Voskepar 1097:Yererouk 1067:St. Mary 1065:Gyumri ( 1051:St. Mary 1045:Sverdlov 985:St. Mary 949:Kecharis 920:Yot Verk 910:Tsovinar 895:Cemetery 884:Kotavank 874:Ddmashen 850:St. Mary 779:Voskevaz 693:Byurakan 621:(Online) 539:Archived 475:Entrance 449:Basilica 436:Biblical 323:Sparapet 315:Sanatruk 238:Armenian 217:Armenian 71:Location 66:Location 41:Religion 2278:Romania 2234:Ukraine 2118:Chennai 1922:Haftvan 1832:Soradir 1740:Ishkhan 1735:Horomos 1705:Drazark 1699:Beyoğlu 1695:Beyoğlu 1687:Samatya 1645:Arapgir 1635:Aparank 1625:Kizkale 1603:Bagnayr 1575:Adana ( 1509:Karapet 1461:Georgia 1392:Jugha ( 1276:Zoravor 1234:Yerevan 1222:Tanahat 1115:Tatev ( 1040:Sanahin 1025:Khuchap 1015:Hnevank 1010:Haghpat 934:Geghard 915:Vanevan 825:Armavir 789:Zarinja 733:Mastara 663:Armenia 462:Gallery 408:ossuary 340:in his 330:Ayrarat 289:History 262:Armenia 256:in the 244:; also 91:Armenia 2250:Russia 2240:Lviv ( 2215:Crimea 2168:Cyprus 2154:Israel 2104:Aleppo 2045:Israel 1962:Sarnaq 1957:Sohrol 1946:Mariam 1827:Smyrna 1795:Mush ( 1759:Kars ( 1745:Kanzak 1730:Hogots 1710:Elazig 1691:Taksim 1683:Kartal 1671:Galata 1583:Agarak 1561:Turkey 1525:Mughni 1513:Karapi 1352:Baku ( 1343:Amaras 1240:Avan ( 1183:Tsrviz 1139:Tavush 1104:Syunik 1059:Shirak 1030:Kobayr 927:Kotayk 796:Ararat 764:Tegher 754:Mughni 718:Kasagh 557:  428:lintel 411:niches 370:Arshak 307:Persia 282:shrine 254:Aghtsk 88:  75:Aghtsk 58:Status 2292:Italy 2285:Zamca 2227:Yalta 2147:Dhaka 2111:India 2097:Syria 1837:Tekor 1781:Ktuts 1679:Fatih 1655:Arter 1608:Akori 1598:Akner 1202:Areni 1035:Odzun 759:Talin 708:Karbi 542:(PDF) 535:(PDF) 420:porch 274:pagan 212:Style 61:Ruins 1971:Vank 1927:Khoy 1912:Hovi 1887:List 1882:Iran 1791:Mren 1725:Goms 1660:Bana 1566:List 1477:Vank 1466:List 1431:Tsar 1405:Kish 1326:List 993:Lori 813:Dvin 769:Ushi 723:Kosh 575:link 555:ISBN 499:Tomb 455:nave 416:apse 272:and 232:The 203:Type 1812:Por 1771:Kes 1613:Ani 1373:Gag 260:of 248:or 2316:: 2024:, 2013:, 2009:, 2005:, 2001:, 1997:, 1993:, 1989:, 1985:, 1981:, 1977:, 1973:, 1944:, 1940:, 1799:, 1763:, 1697:, 1693:, 1689:, 1685:, 1681:, 1677:, 1673:, 1627:, 1623:, 1619:, 1543:, 1539:, 1535:, 1531:, 1527:, 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Index


Affiliation
Armenian Apostolic Church
Aghtsk
Aragatsotn Province
Armenia
Arshakid Mausoleum is located in Armenia
Arshakid Mausoleum is located in Aragatsotn
Geographic coordinates
40°18′45″N 44°15′22″E / 40.3125°N 44.2561°E / 40.3125; 44.2561
Style
Armenian
Armenian
Aghtsk
Aragatsotn Province
Armenia
mausoleum
Christian
pagan
Arshakid dynasty of Armenia
shrine
Pavstos Buzand
Shapur II
Persia
Ani-Kamakh
Sanatruk
Sparapet
Vassak Mamikonian
Ayrarat
Movses Khorenatsi

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