20:
836:
792:
276:
or military commanders. The
Armenian army was made up of many contingents furnished by the princely houses. Each of these detachments was commanded by its own prince, but the supreme command belonged to the hereditary
246:, and during times of war was the supreme commander of all military units of the Kingdom of Armenia. It is not clear to what extent the functions of the office coincided with those of the Sasanian
61:
was the supreme commander of the kingdom's armed forces. During the
Arsacid period and for some time afterwards, the office was held hereditarily by the senior member of the House of
304:
soon returned to
Armenia and drove Varazdat out of the country. After the dethroning of the last Arsacid king of Armenia in 428, the Mamikonians continued to hold the title of
1405:
608:
1920 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Տաթեւում գումարված համազանգեզուրյան առաջին համագումարում Սյունիքը հռչակվեց ինքնավար: Նժդեհն ընտրվեց Սյունյաց սպարապետ՝ դիկտատորի իրավունքներով:
1233:
963:
260:
came with considerable prestige and power, which gave its hereditary holders, the
Mamikonians, a degree of influence rivalling that of the ruling Arsacids. Historian
884:
856:
812:
1268:
1288:
231:, although according to another historian, it was established under the Arsacids, along with the other major hereditary state offices of Armenia.
889:
898:
403:, Armenia's Defense Minister in 1991-92 and 1995–99, is often informally referred to as Sparapet in recognition of his leadership during the
821:
1390:
956:
1395:
1306:
1283:
1215:
580:
1301:
1240:
949:
379:
1400:
1094:
820:
Eremyan, S. (1984). "Պետական կառավարման սիստեմը։ Գործակալություններ" [The System of State
Governance: Officialdoms].
126:(“lord”). The word was borrowed into Armenian several times from different Iranian languages, yielding the alternative forms
667:
841:
797:
740:
1220:
1183:
645:
332:
74:
41:
850:
806:
404:
371:
364:
50:
300:
and appointed a non-Mamikonian, Bat
Saharuni, to the office. This was short-lived, however, as Mushegh's kinsman
1332:
1263:
1188:
870:
685:
1046:
1293:
972:
112:
1311:
1193:
36:
865:
1199:
1152:
936:
297:
1252:
1157:
1041:
1385:
426:
209:
has been translated into
English as "grand marshal," "commander-in-chief," and "high constable."
1278:
918:
894:
830:] (in Armenian). Vol. 2. Yerevan: Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 139–147.
661:
390:
386:
321:
301:
189:
159:
66:
324:, the traditional rivals of the Mamikonians. Later on, the title was borne by members of the
1359:
1258:
1076:
360:
1326:
1273:
985:
908:
749:
585:Դեկտեմբերի 25-ին հռչակվել է Սյունիքի ինքնավարությունը, Նժդեհն ընտրվել է Սյունյաց սպարապետ:
572:
400:
309:
281:, the Mamikonean house, who, in this sense stood 'above all the princes and their armies'.
261:
16:
Hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval
Armenia
868:[The formation and further development of state machinery in ancient Armenia.].
19:
1058:
788:
681:
394:
375:
224:
163:
1379:
1227:
1206:
1016:
65:. Later in history, the title was held by members of other noble houses, such as the
648:. Government of the Republic of Armenia. Archived from the original on June 20, 2014
1052:
990:
776:
343:
was no longer the hereditary privilege of one house. It was held by members of the
1170:
995:
763:
227:
believed it to have been instituted in the 2nd century BCE during the reign of
1177:
1083:
1069:
1028:
795:[Armenia During the Hellenistic Era]. In Hambardzumyan, Viktor (ed.).
228:
62:
922:
620:
1352:
1089:
1063:
1035:
348:
325:
94:
70:
866:"Պետական ապարատի կազմավորումը և նրա հետագա զարգացման փուլը հին Հայաստանում"
597:
1338:
1105:
941:
344:
313:
286:
1246:
1118:
195:
169:
46:
1319:
1128:
1112:
1099:
1022:
912:
712:
602:
431:Материалы к этимологическому словарю древнеармянского языка: часть 1
707:
1345:
240:
was at all times in control of the royal cavalry units called the
18:
312:
rule. In the first half of the 8th century, during the period of
1163:
945:
351:
dynasties, as well as representatives of other noble houses.
555:
553:
551:
549:
248:
167:
433:(in Russian), Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, p. 18.
291:
255:
241:
235:
218:
204:
152:
144:
136:
128:
106:
55:
45:) was a military title and office in ancient and medieval
28:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
223:
emerged in
Armenia is not known for certain. Historian
801:(in Armenian). Vol. 13. Yerevan. pp. 97–100.
464:
462:
385:
The title is also used for the Grand
Commander of the
193:
80:
183:
1141:
1004:
845:(in Armenian). Vol. 11. Yerevan. p. 57.
363:led the Armenian efforts for independence in the
708:"Armenians commemorate Sparapet Vazgen Sargsyan"
118:(“commander of the army”), which is composed of
77:, where the bearer of the title was also called
266:
111:is of Iranian origin, ultimately deriving from
88:
73:dynasties. The title was used in the medieval
957:
764:"ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period"
745:in Armenia in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries"
559:
8:
516:
397:during his leadership of that organization.
93:), from the Byzantine and Western title of
1406:Armenian military ranks of Parthian origin
1269:Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic
1145:
1008:
964:
950:
942:
855:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
811:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
285:In the late 4th century, the Arsacid king
1289:Marshal of the German Democratic Republic
492:
480:
453:
468:
217:The exact period in which the office of
890:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
768:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4
682:"50th Anniversary of Birth of Sparapet"
540:
528:
504:
416:
393:fraternal order. The title was held by
914:Studies in Christian Caucasian History
848:
804:
793:"Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում"
659:
374:" (Սյունյաց սպարապետ) was held by the
7:
422:
420:
893:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
835:Hambardzumyan, Viktor, ed. (1985).
272:, were said to stand above all the
176:
14:
1284:Marshal of the Russian Federation
581:Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing
917:. Georgetown University Press.
380:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
887:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
828:History of the Armenian People
606:(in Armenian). 27 April 2011.
378:, as supreme commander of the
1:
864:Krkyasharyan, S. M. (1994).
842:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia
798:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia
292:
256:
249:
242:
236:
219:
205:
168:
153:
145:
137:
129:
107:
56:
29:
1391:Military history of Armenia
1184:First marshal of the empire
359:The 18th century commander
333:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
194:
184:
81:
75:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1422:
1396:Armenian words and phrases
739:Bedrosian, Robert (1983).
405:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
51:Arsacid dynasty of Armenia
40:
1148:
1011:
979:
883:La Porta, Sergio (2018).
666:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
89:
1333:Supreme Allied Commander
1264:Marshal of the air force
1189:General of the Air Force
871:Patma-Banasirakan Handes
823:Հայ ժողովրդի պատմություն
762:Chaumont, M. L. (1986).
686:Yerevan State University
234:In Arsacid Armenia, the
175:(whence modern Persian:
150:; the most common form,
1047:Domestic of the Schools
775:Garsoian, Nina (2005).
370:The title "Sparapet of
1294:Field marshal (Uganda)
973:Highest military ranks
289:ordered the murder of
283:
162:. It is cognates with
23:
1401:Armenian noble titles
1194:General of the Armies
781:Encyclopaedia Iranica
598:"Որ զանգը զուր չհնչի"
367:province of Armenia.
22:
1200:Generalfeldmarschall
1153:Admiral of the fleet
937:Sempad the Constable
314:Arab rule in Armenia
158:, was borrowed from
1158:Admiral of the Navy
1042:Constable of France
777:"MAMIKONEAN FAMILY"
770:. pp. 418–438.
531:, pp. 140–141.
320:was usurped by the
560:Hambardzumyan 1985
427:Perikhanyan, A. G.
298:Mushegh Mamikonian
268:The Mamikonean as
24:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1279:Marshal of Poland
1137:
1136:
900:978-0-19-866277-8
851:cite encyclopedia
837:"Սպարապետություն"
807:cite encyclopedia
646:"Vazgen Sargsyan"
517:Krkyasharyan 1994
391:Armenian-American
387:Knights of Vartan
302:Manuel Mamikonian
182:
1413:
1259:Marshal of Italy
1146:
1077:Magister militum
1009:
966:
959:
952:
943:
926:
909:Toumanoff, Cyril
904:
879:
860:
854:
846:
831:
816:
810:
802:
784:
771:
758:
726:
725:
723:
721:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
678:
672:
671:
665:
657:
655:
653:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
621:"Alex Manoogyan"
617:
611:
610:
594:
588:
587:
569:
563:
557:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
457:
451:
434:
424:
361:Mkhitar Sparapet
331:In the medieval
316:, the office of
295:
259:
252:
245:
239:
222:
208:
199:
187:
181:romanized:
180:
178:
173:
156:
148:
140:
132:
110:
92:
91:
84:
59:
44:
32:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1365:
1327:Reichsmarschall
1274:Marshal of Peru
1133:
1000:
986:General officer
975:
970:
933:
907:
901:
882:
863:
847:
834:
819:
803:
787:
774:
761:
750:Armenian Review
738:
735:
730:
729:
719:
717:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
688:. 20 March 2009
680:
679:
675:
658:
651:
649:
644:
643:
639:
629:
627:
619:
618:
614:
596:
595:
591:
579:(in Armenian).
577:encyclopedia.am
573:"Նժդեհ Գարեգին"
571:
570:
566:
558:
547:
539:
535:
527:
523:
515:
511:
503:
499:
491:
487:
479:
475:
467:
460:
452:
437:
425:
418:
413:
401:Vazgen Sargsyan
357:
335:, the title of
262:Nicholas Adontz
254:. The title of
215:
103:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1241:Jenderal besar
1237:
1234:Chom Thap Thai
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1059:Grand Domestic
1056:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
980:
977:
976:
971:
969:
968:
961:
954:
946:
940:
939:
932:
929:
928:
927:
905:
899:
880:
861:
832:
817:
785:
772:
759:
743:Sparapetut'iwn
734:
731:
728:
727:
716:. 5 March 2014
699:
673:
637:
612:
589:
564:
545:
543:, p. 141.
533:
521:
519:, p. 233.
509:
497:
493:Bedrosian 1983
485:
483:, p. 132.
481:Toumanoff 1963
473:
458:
454:Bedrosian 1983
435:
415:
414:
412:
409:
395:Alex Manoogian
382:, in 1920–21.
376:Garegin Nzhdeh
356:
353:
225:Suren Yeremian
214:
211:
164:Middle Persian
102:
99:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1418:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:General (YPA)
1305:
1303:
1302:Field Marshal
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:Grand marshal
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Generalissimo
1214:
1213:
1212:Soviet Union
1211:
1209:
1208:
1207:Generalissimo
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1017:Amir al-umara
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:
978:
974:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
948:
947:
944:
938:
935:
934:
930:
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920:
916:
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910:
906:
902:
896:
892:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
872:
867:
862:
858:
852:
844:
843:
838:
833:
829:
825:
824:
818:
814:
808:
800:
799:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:
751:
746:
744:
737:
736:
732:
715:
714:
709:
703:
700:
687:
683:
677:
674:
669:
663:
647:
641:
638:
626:
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616:
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609:
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586:
582:
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561:
556:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
534:
530:
525:
522:
518:
513:
510:
507:, p. 97.
506:
501:
498:
494:
489:
486:
482:
477:
474:
470:
469:Garsoian 2005
465:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
410:
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388:
383:
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377:
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368:
366:
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342:
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334:
329:
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323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
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288:
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258:
253:
251:
244:
238:
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230:
226:
221:
212:
210:
207:
202:
201:
198:
197:
191:
186:
174:
172:
171:
165:
161:
157:
155:
149:
147:
141:
139:
133:
131:
125:
122:(“army”) and
121:
117:
114:
113:Proto-Iranian
109:
100:
98:
96:
86:
85:
83:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
58:
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
33:
31:
21:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1325:
1318:
1251:
1239:
1232:
1205:
1198:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1123:
1111:
1104:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1053:Dux bellorum
1051:
1034:
1027:
1015:
991:Flag officer
913:
888:
875:
869:
840:
827:
822:
796:
780:
767:
754:
748:
742:
718:. Retrieved
711:
702:
690:. Retrieved
676:
650:. Retrieved
640:
628:. Retrieved
624:
615:
607:
601:
592:
584:
576:
567:
541:Eremyan 1984
536:
529:Eremyan 1984
524:
512:
505:Eremyan 1987
500:
495:, p. 6.
488:
476:
430:
399:
384:
369:
358:
355:Modern usage
340:
336:
330:
317:
305:
290:
284:
278:
273:
269:
267:
247:
233:
216:
203:
192:
166:
151:
143:
135:
127:
123:
119:
115:
104:
79:
78:
54:
49:. Under the
37:Old Armenian
27:
26:
25:
1298:Yugoslavia
1171:Dayuanshuai
996:Air officer
789:Eremyan, S.
630:15 November
116:*spādapati-
1380:Categories
1178:Dai-gensui
1084:Megas doux
1070:Ispahsalar
1029:Autokrator
885:"Sparapet"
878:: 225–238.
757:(2): 6–46.
625:persons.am
411:References
322:Bagratunis
229:Artaxias I
90:գունդստաբլ
63:Mamikonian
1386:Sparapets
1353:Yuanshuai
1095:Rigsmarsk
1090:Polemarch
1064:Imperator
1036:Beylerbey
923:505712128
341:gundstabl
326:Pahlavuni
279:sparapets
274:zoravark'
270:sparapets
138:aspayapet
130:asparapet
105:The word
101:Etymology
95:constable
82:gundstabl
71:Pahlavuni
67:Bagratuni
1339:Taewonsu
1124:Sparapet
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931:See also
911:(1963).
791:(1987).
662:cite web
652:30 March
429:(1993).
349:Hethumid
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318:sparapet
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190:Georgian
185:sepahbod
160:Parthian
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146:spayapet
120:*cwáHdaH
108:sparapet
57:sparapet
42:սպարապետ
30:Sparapet
1360:Marshal
1312:Marshal
1253:Mareşal
1247:Marshal
1221:Marshal
1119:Spahbed
1005:Ancient
733:Sources
345:Rubenid
250:spahbed
243:ayrudzi
213:History
196:spaspet
170:spahbed
47:Armenia
1320:Mushir
1142:Modern
1129:Hetman
1113:Shōgun
1100:Sardar
1023:Ataman
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720:3 July
713:A1plus
692:3 July
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372:Syunik
365:Syunik
308:under
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142:, and
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1346:Wonsu
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389:, an
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919:OCLC
895:ISBN
857:link
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722:2014
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668:link
654:2013
632:2014
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