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station that there might be a burglary taking place. So far so good, all right. I mean, if I was trying to jigger into — well I guess this is my house now, so it probably wouldn’t happen. But let’s say my own house in
Chicago. Here I’d get shot.” Speaking further, "I don't know, not having been there and not seeing all the facts, what role race played in that. But I think it's fair to say, number one, any of us would be pretty angry; number two, that the Cambridge police acted stupidly in arresting somebody when there was already proof that they were in their own home, and, number three, what I think we know separate and apart from this incident is that there's a long history in this country of African Americans and Latinos being stopped by law enforcement disproportionately." Law enforcement organizations and members objected to Obama's comments and criticized his handling of the issue. In the aftermath, Obama stated that he regretted his comments and hoped that the situation could become a "
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668:, a former professor of Obama's, stated that "I think the president has taken the right approach by trying to make sure we move forward He's always had the ability to negotiate difficult conversations, and his steps today are an important step in the right direction. I think the president has given his assessment, which makes a lot of sense, and, however you feel about it, it has reduced the temperature and allowed everyone to move forward in a constructive way." Ogletree has since written a book about the case. Steve Killion, president of the Cambridge patrol officers association, also stated "I'm absolutely pleased with . I think it was a good thing for the president to do. .... We all want to see this behind us."
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what role race played in that. But I think it's fair to say, number one, any of us would be pretty angry; number two, that the
Cambridge police acted stupidly in arresting somebody when there was already proof that they were in their own home. And number three, what I think we know separate and apart from this incident is that there is a long history in this country of African-Americans and Latinos being stopped by law enforcement disproportionately. That's just a fact." The President also acknowledged that Gates is a personal friend.
722:. Gates said that he was moved when Crowley told him "Professor, all I wanted was to go home to my wife at the end of the day." Gates further recounted that Crowley had feared that another black man had been upstairs who could at any moment have come down and killed him. Gates said this brought tears to his eyes as he "understands fear" and that ever since he and Crowley have been friends. In a 2024 interview Gates added that Crowley gave him the handcuffs used to arrest him, "and they're now in an exhibit in the Smithsonian ."
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house. Gates initially refused, but then supplied his
Harvard University identification card. Crowley wrote that Gates repeatedly shouted requests for his police identification. Crowley then told Gates that he was leaving his residence and that if Gates wanted to continue discussing the matter, he would speak to him outside. Gates replied, "Yeah, I'll speak with your mama outside." On the 911 dispatcher audio recordings, a man's loud voice is heard in the background at several points during Sgt. Crowley's transmissions.
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Gates should have instead cooperated to avoid making the situation difficult, suggesting that Gates could afterwards file a complaint or lawsuit if he disagreed with the officer. With regard to Sgt. Crowley, Powell stated that: "Once they felt they had to bring Dr. Gates out of the house and to handcuff him, I would've thought at that point, some adult supervision would have stepped in and said 'OK look, it is his house. Let's not take this any further, take the handcuffs off, good night Dr. Gates."
679:. Initially the Gates and Crowley families were given separate tours of the White House. The families then continued their tours together while the principals had a friendly conversation over beer. Crowley and Gates told Obama that they had already planned to meet again soon for lunch. Obama said he believed "what brings us together is stronger than what pulls us apart" and that after the meeting he was "hopeful that all of us are able to draw this positive lesson from this episode."
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that
Crowley was a police officer investigating a reported breaking and entering, Gates replied that it was his house, and he was a Harvard faculty member. Crowley asked Gates whether he could prove it; Gates told him he could, and turned to go to the kitchen to fetch his wallet. Crowley followed him into the house. Gates then handed Crowley his Harvard University ID and a current driver's license, both including his photograph, the license also giving his address.
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said, 'No, I will not.' He demanded that I step out on the porch, and I don't think he would have done that if I was a white person." Gates called the references to loud and tumultuous behavior in the police report a "joke"; he had been physically incapable of yelling at the time, due to a severe bronchial infection. As he was walked to the car in handcuffs, he asked, "Is this how you treat a black man in
America?" In an interview with columnist
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against the Boston Police
Department and the City of Boston, charging that the suspension from his duties was a violation of his civil rights. Barrett was discharged from duty on February 5, 2010. On April 26, 2010, the Department of Unemployment Assistance (DUA) denied Barrett unemployment benefits. The DUA board's decision would be affirmed or reversed four times, the last being on July 15, 2013, when the
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the public to the color of their skin or ethnicity is, in fact, counter-productive to improving relationships." In addition, the
Cambridge police commissioner, describing the impact of the accusations, commented that "this department is deeply pained. It takes its professional pride seriously". On July 24, 2009, a multiracial group of police officers demanded an apology from President Obama and Governor
703:, Gates stated that relations between him and Crowley are amicable. He also revealed that he asked Crowley for a sample of his DNA, and that he and Crowley are distant cousins and share a common Irish ancestor. On the show, Gates stated that Crowley recently gave him the handcuffs used in the arrest. When asked what he would do with the handcuffs, Gates stated that he plans to donate them to the
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689:, Gates further commented on the meeting, "I don't think anybody but Barack Obama would have thought about bringing us together the president was great – he was very wise, very sage, very Solomonic." When asked for his impression of Crowley, Gates joked: "We hit it off right from the very beginning when he's not arresting you, Sergeant Crowley is a really likable guy."
339:. A joint press release by the authorities and Professor Gates said all parties had agreed that this was "a just resolution to an unfortunate set of circumstances" and that the incident "should not be viewed as one that demeans the character and reputation of Professor Gates or the character of the Cambridge Police Department."
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Both
Crowley and Gates issued post-meeting statements. Crowley commented that he and Gates discussed the topic "like two gentlemen, instead of fighting it out either in the physical sense or in the mental sense, in the court of public opinion." Gates commented that he hoped "that this experience will
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asked
President Barack Obama "Recently, Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. was arrested at his home in Cambridge. What does that incident say to you? And what does it say about race relations in America?" Obama replied, "Now, I've – I don't know, not having been there and not seeing all the facts,
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Barrett, in a television interview, said that he used "a poor choice of words" in the email. He added, "I did not mean to offend anyone." Barrett also stated, "I have so many friends of every type of culture and race you can name. I am not a racist." In August 2009, Barrett filed an unsuccessful suit
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Chairman offered opinions on both sides of the incident. With regard to Gates, Powell said "I think he should have reflected on whether or not this was the time to make that big a deal". Powell recalled that he was taught as a child "not to argue with a police officer trying to do their job" and that
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on July 21, Gates said that when
Crowley first asked him to step outside onto the porch, "the way he said it, I knew he wasn't canvassing for the police benevolent association. All the hairs stood up on the back of my neck, and I realized that I was in danger. And I said to him no, out of instinct. I
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On July 16, 2009, Gates had just returned from a trip to China. As the front door of his home would not open, Gates entered through the back door. Once inside, he still could not open the front door. Gates later stated that the lock was damaged and speculated that someone had attempted to "jimmy" it.
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Sgt. Leon Lashley, a black officer who was present at Gates's arrest, said he supported Sgt. Crowley's actions "100 percent." Lashley added that he thought it would have gone differently, with no arrest, if he had been the first officer to arrive on the scene and the initial encounter with Gates had
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A recording of her 911 call was released on July 27; in it, Whalen could be heard saying, "I don't know if they live there and they just had a hard time with their key." When asked for a more detailed description by the dispatcher, her reply on the tape was, "One looked kind of Hispanic, but I'm not
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said about the incident, “I should say at the outset that Skip Gates is a friend, so I may be a little biased here. I don’t know all the facts,” said Obama. “What’s been reported though, is that the guy forgot his keys, jimmied his way to get into the house, there was a report called into the police
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Florida State Lodge, stated: "To make such an off-handed comment about a subject without benefit of the facts, in such a public forum, hurts police/community relations and is a setback to all of the years of progress." Preston further warned that "by reducing all contact between law enforcement and
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A review conducted by the Cambridge Review Committee, which was formed by Cambridge City Manager Robert W. Healy at the recommendation of Cambridge Police Commissioner Robert Haas, concluded that the incident was avoidable, noting that "Sergeant Crowley and Professor Gates each missed opportunities
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said he would introduce a resolution in the House of Representatives calling on the president to apologize to Crowley. An opinion poll released by Pew Research found that 41 percent disapproved of Obama's "handling of the situation," while only 29 percent approved, and support from white
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Lucia Whalen was the witness and original 911 caller reporting the incident. Sgt. Crowley stated in the police report that when he arrived at the scene, he spoke to Whalen, who told him she had "observed what appeared to be two black males with backpacks" trying to force entry. Whalen subsequently
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Gates then asked Crowley for his name and badge number, but Crowley did not respond. Following repeated requests for Crowley's name and badge number, the officer left the kitchen; Gates followed him to the front door. As he stepped out the front door and asked the other officers for Crowley's name
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Gates stepped onto his front porch and continued to yell at Crowley, accusing him of racial bias and saying he had not heard the last of him. Faced with this behavior from Gates, who was still standing on his own front porch, Crowley warned Gates that he was becoming disorderly. When Gates ignored
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Crowley's report states that he believed Gates was lawfully in the residence, but that he was surprised and confused by Gates's behavior, which included a threat that Crowley did not know who he was "messing with." Crowley then asked Gates for a photo ID so as to verify he was the resident of the
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Upon learning of the incident, Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis immediately stripped Barrett of his badge and gun, put him on administrative leave, and scheduled a termination hearing. The Massachusetts National Guard also suspended Barrett. In reaction to the news of Barrett's conduct, Boston
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and former prosecutor in Massachusetts, commented that, from a legal standpoint, "the decision not to prosecute certainly seems to be the correct one." In his analysis, even if the prosecution could prove all of the disputed factual allegations in Crowley's report, Massachusetts case law does not
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on July 20. According to the statement, Gates saw Crowley at the door as he was speaking to the Harvard Real Estate Office to have his front door fixed. When he opened the front door, Crowley immediately asked him to step outside. Gates did not comply and asked Crowley why he was there. When told
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After Gates's driver left, the Cambridge police arrived, alerted by the 911 call of a neighbor. There are multiple published accounts of the subsequent events which led to the arrest of Gates, including the police report, interviews with Sgt. Crowley and other officers on the scene; and published
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discussed the incident and referred to it as one of "police abuse or racial profiling", calling it "outrageous" and "unbelievable." Gates argued that the police picked on him because of his race, and said that he would use the incident to raise awareness of alleged police mistreatment of blacks,
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This gets us to the heart of the matter. Under well-established First Amendment jurisprudence, what Gates said to Crowley–even assuming the worst–is fully constitutionally protected. After all, even "offensive" speech is covered by the First Amendment's very broad umbrella. Think about it: We
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President Obama appeared unannounced at a White House press briefing on July 24, and said, "I want to make clear that in my choice of words I think I unfortunately gave an impression that I was maligning the Cambridge Police Department or Sergeant Crowley specifically – and I could have
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calibrated those words differently." Also, that "I continue to believe, based on what I have heard, that there was an overreaction in pulling Professor Gates out of his home to the station. I also continue to believe, based on what I heard, that Professor Gates probably overreacted as well."
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According to the police report, Sergeant Crowley arrived at the scene, went up to the front door, and asked Gates to step outside. Crowley explained he was investigating the report of a break-in in progress; as he did so, Gates opened the front door and said, "Why, because I'm a black man in
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drew unfavorable attention to himself when he remarked, during a radio interview, that "The president has demonstrated that he has a default mechanism in him that breaks down the side of race that favors the black person, in the case of Professor Gates and Officer (James) Crowley."
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wouldn't even need a First Amendment if everyone restricted himself or herself to soothing platitudes. I've been doing First Amendment law for a long time and I've never had to represent someone for praising a police officer or other public official. It is those who
550:) deserving of his belligerent non-compliance." During the course of the message, Barrett used the phrase "jungle monkey" four times, three times in reference to Gates and once in reference to Abraham's column, which he characterized as "jungle monkey gibberish."
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Sgt. Crowley said he would not apologize for his actions. He was backed up by the Cambridge Police Superior Officers Association, which released a statement saying his actions had been consistent with police training, policies and applicable legal standards.
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suggested that the charges were dropped because Gates would almost certainly have prevailed in court with a First Amendment defense, an outcome that would have severely curtailed future arrests for disorderly conduct in "contempt of cop" situations.
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column by Yvonne Abraham, who expressed support for Gates. In the e-mail, Barrett wrote, "If I was the officer he verbally assaulted like a banana-eating jungle monkey, I would have sprayed him in the face with OC (oleorosin capsicum, or
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that "My entire academic career has been based on improving race relations, not exacerbating them. I am hopeful that my experience will lead to greater sensitivity to issues of racial profiling in the criminal justice system."
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with mouth-to-mouth resuscitation after the latter suffered a fatal heart attack. Crowley received public support from many police officers, including African Americans, who portrayed him as a good and fair officer.
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463:, was quoted in the same article supporting an officer's use of discretion in disorderly conduct cases. Eugene O'Donnell, a professor of law and police studies at John Jay College, told the
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that afternoon, the story spread quickly. Public interest in the arrest grew when newspapers published the photograph showing a handcuffed Gates being escorted away from the front door.
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Gates went back outside and, with help from his driver, forced the door open. Since the house is university-owned, he then reported the problem to Harvard's maintenance department.
167:. Gates found the front door to his home jammed shut and, with the help of his driver, tried to force it open. A local witness reported their activity to the police as a potential
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denied making any such comment to Crowley. Whalen was hurt by widespread comments labeling her a racist, based on the "two black males with backpacks" quote in the police report.
3323:
1223:"Police arrest prominent black history scholar for breaking into own home – Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates Jr held for hours in a cell by Cambridge, Massachusetts police"
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380:, suggested that the incident was a "teachable moment" and that she hoped there would be meaningful dialogue between Mr. Gates, the police force, and the general public.
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caller's report of men breaking and entering the residence. The arrest initiated a series of events that unfolded under the spotlight of the international news media.
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511:. Abraham Cooper, the associate dean of the center, has invited both of them back to the center in order to "create the next real 'teaching moment' for our nation."
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1073:"Lawyer's Statement on the Arrest of Henry Louis Gates Jr. – Charles Ogletree gives Gates's side of the story in controversial arrest of The Root's editor in-chief"
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been "black man to black man." Another officer in the Cambridge police department said "racism is not part of it, and that is what is frustrating."
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this warning and persisted in his behavior, and likewise ignored a second warning from Crowley, Crowley informed him that he was under arrest.
179:. On July 21, the charges against Gates were dropped. The arrest generated a national debate about whether or not it represented an example of
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magazine that, had he been the responding officer, he would not have arrested Gates after identifying him. He described Gates's behavior as "
1715:
1251:
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660:"Beer Summit" at the White House, July 30, 2009; from left to right: Gates, Crowley and Obama (prior to Vice President Joe Biden's arrival)
541:, Barrett wrote the email containing the racial slur "in reaction to media coverage of Gates's arrest July 16," in particular to a July 22
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Gates was held for four hours and charged with disorderly conduct. The charges were dropped five days later, on July 21, 2009, by the
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On July 24, Obama invited both parties to the White House to discuss the issue over a beer, and on July 30, Obama and Vice President
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consider offensive and abusive language to be disorderly conduct per se, and they would be unlikely to prevail in court. Attorney
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The Presumption of Guilt: The Arrest of Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Race, Class and Crime in America (Palgrave-Macmillan 2010).
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537:, when he was asked about it, Barrett admitted to his BPD superiors that he was the author. According to an article in the
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prove an occasion for education, not recrimination. I know that Sergeant Crowley shares this goal." In an interview with
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and badge number, Crowley said, "Thank you for accommodating my earlier request," and arrested Gates on his front porch.
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https://talkingpointsmemo.com/dc/obama-cambridge-police-acted-stupidly-in-gates-arrest-race-remains-a-factor-in-society
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in progress. Accounts regarding the ensuing confrontation differ, but Gates was arrested by the responding officer,
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754:. Some local brewers had lobbied for a Boston-based beer to be served; Obama is generally said to prefer Budweiser.
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622:'s polling, the incident caused a larger drop in white support for his presidency than any other single event.
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to discuss the situation over beers. Both men accepted the offer. Upon accepting, Gates stated in an email to
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Sgt. Crowley's supporters noted he was chosen by a black police commissioner to serve as an instructor for a
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Gates, arrested on the porch of his Cambridge home, with Sgt. Crowley (right) and Sgt. Lashley (foreground).
203:
2898:"'We are all mixed': Henry Louis Gates Jr on race, being arrested and working towards America's redemption"
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luncheon that he had met with Crowley for a beer prior to the Beer Summit at the suggestion of President
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93:
2436:"Obama's Ratings Slide Across the Board: Overview - Pew Research Center for the People & the Press"
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Obama's remarks sparked a reaction from law-enforcement professionals. James Preston, president of the
2787:
3255:
920:"Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. speaks out on racial profiling after his arrest by Cambridge police"
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1628:"White cop who arrested black scholar Henry Louis Gates taught class on racial profiling to police"
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2089:"Boston P.D. Promises Full 'Venomous' E-Mail Probe – As Seen On NewsCenter 5 Story – WCVB Boston"
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compared the officer to a "cancer" and said he is "gone, g-o-n-e" from the Boston police force.
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1880:"Missed Opportunities, Shared Responsibilities: Final Report of the Cambridge Review Committee"
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455:, which affirmed a right to "offensive" speech). Tom Nolan, a criminal justice professor at
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357:, the campus newspaper, the Monday morning after the arrest. Following a write-up by the
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in which he referred to Gates as a "jungle monkey." Although the email was signed only
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2011:
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really sure. And the other one entered and I didn't see what he looked like at all."
253:
33:
972:"Obama Called Cambridge Police Officer James Crowley Who Arrested Henry Louis Gates"
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for making comments which the police described as insulting. Republican congressman
403:", which Crowley has taught since 2004. While working as a campus police officer at
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voters dropped from 53 percent to 46 percent. Years later, in his memoir
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reporter that disorderly conduct is "probably the most abused statute in America."
412:
300:
187:
656:
1186:
864:"Obama Called Cop Who Arrested Gates, Still Sees 'Overreaction' in Gates' Arrest"
364:
A number of individuals commented on the incident in the days that followed. The
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786:. The Cambridge Police Department. Archived from the original on January 6, 2019
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The arrest occurred just after Gates returned home to Cambridge after a trip to
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The Professor with the Limp and the Cane and the Cop with the Gun and the Badge
303:, Gates denied he had made a reference to the mother of the arresting officer.
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joined Crowley and Gates in a private, cordial meeting in a courtyard near the
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1526:"Prominent Black Scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. Arrested After Racism Charge"
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519:
On July 28, it was revealed in the media that Justin Barrett, a 36-year-old
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officer who had been on the job for two years, and is also a member of the
146:, home by local police officer Sgt. James Crowley, who was responding to a
1317:"Gates chastises officer after authorities agree to drop criminal charge"
168:
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3054:
1854:"Arrest of Harvard's Henry Louis Gates Jr. was avoidable, report says"
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1289:. City of Cambridge Police Department. July 21, 2009. Archived from
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President Obama called both men on July 24, and invited them to the
2234:"Obama tells Lynn Sweet police acted "stupidly" in arresting Gates"
1716:"The Gates Case: When Disorderly Conduct is a Cop's Judgement Call"
566:
ruled that his "egregious misconduct" was "obviously intentional."
441:" which officers are supposed to handle as speech protected by the
372:, stated that he felt "troubled" about the situation. The Mayor of
2133:"Suspended Boston police officer Barrett sues commissioner, mayor"
1252:"The Gates Case: When Disorderly Conduct is a Cop's Judgment Call"
147:
2882:
Ken Burns & Henry Louis Gates, Jr. at The National Press Club
3026:"Renowned Af-Am Professor Gates Arrested for Disorderly Conduct"
2924:"Gates, Police Officer Share Beers and Histories With President"
1931:
1805:"Colin Powell on Gates: "You Don't Argue With A Police Officer""
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2382:"Cambridge police commissioner defends officer in Gates arrest"
2112:"Boston police officer suspended after racially charged e-mail"
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Both Gates and Crowley have been active participants with the
484:
1831:"Powell: Both Gates, police could have handled things better"
383:
Some members of the Harvard community raised questions about
2866:
Gates, Henry Louis. Interview. "The Importance of Ancestry"
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Ellement, John; Collette, Matt; Jan, Tracy (July 27, 2009).
1042:"Gates arrest audio indicates race was not factor at start"
1958:
1956:
1954:
1501:"Lawyer's Statement on the Arrest of Henry Louis Gates Jr"
2681:"Crowley, Gates camps pleased by president's phone calls"
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527:, sent a mass e-mail to fellow National Guardsmen and to
946:"Officer who arrested black scholar is profiling expert"
2541:"Will 'black' comment be 'undoing of Rep. Steve King'?"
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National Museum of African American History and Culture
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to 'rachet down' the situation and end it peacefully."
206:; this became known colloquially as the "Beer Summit".
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Sergeant James Crowley post-meeting press conference (
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in 1993, Crowley had tried to revive African American
3239:
2770:"Obama, Biden Sit Down for Beers With Gates, Crowley"
2007:"Officials: Hub cop used racial slur in Gates e-mail"
423:
Jon Shane, who spent 17 years as a police officer in
2870:. Television Broadcast. ABC, Chicago. March 9, 2010.
2354:"Crowley's union predicts Obama will regret remarks"
2323:"Obama remark on black scholar's arrest angers cops"
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who specializes in police policy and practice, told
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suggesting that he may plan a documentary about it.
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2788:"Obama More Bartender Than Mediator At Beer Summit"
2712:"Over Beers, No Apologies, but Plans to Have Lunch"
121:
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75:
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3314:Law enforcement controversies in the United States
3038:"Rankism: The Elephant in Professor Gates's House"
1429:"Patrick 'Troubled' By Harvard Professor's Arrest"
331:'s office, upon the recommendation of the city of
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2860:
2736:
2734:
2710:Cooper, Helene; Goodnough, Abby (July 30, 2009).
2569:"Transcript of Obama's Remarks on Gates Incident"
2459:"Barack Obama's support falls among white voters"
2161:"Boston cop who sent 'jungle monkey' e-mail sues"
1614:"Obama: I didn't mean to slight Cambridge police"
1572:"Officer at eye of storm says he won't apologize"
1310:
1308:
1167:. Associated Press. July 28, 2009. Archived from
1165:"Gates 911 call: Witness not sure she sees crime"
1023:"Analysis: What they saw during the Gates arrest"
2211:Barrett v. Department of Unemployment Assistance
1920:
1918:
1040:Schworm, Peter; Ellement, John (July 28, 2009).
280:Gates's account of the events first appeared in
3339:Race-related controversies in the United States
2380:Martin Finucane and Tracy Jan (July 23, 2009).
1343:"Officer in Gates case says he won't apologize"
1281:
1279:
1187:"911 caller in Gates case hurt by racist label"
970:Khan, Huma; Mcphee, Michele; Goldman, Russell.
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
3006:online magazine, of which Gates is the editor)
2295:"Obama: Police Acted 'Stupidly' in Gates Case"
2267:"Obama Criticizes Arrest of Harvard Professor"
1673:
1671:
1466:"Charge dropped against black Harvard scholar"
664:One of Gates's lawyers, Harvard Law Professor
3070:
1702:, not those who wave it, who need protection.
895:"Blogtalk: Gates, Obama, Race and the Police"
750:and Biden, who does not drink alcohol, had a
8:
3324:Political controversies in the United States
2743:"Gates Reflects on Beers at the White House"
2705:
2703:
1965:"Officer suspended for Gates slur in e-mail"
1878:Cambridge Review Committee (June 15, 2010).
781:"Cambridge Police Incident Report # 9005127"
579:During a July 22 news conference concerning
427:, and is a professor of criminal justice at
48:
3224:African American National Biography Project
3186:The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross
2410:"Mass. police unions ask Obama for apology"
2037:"Cop apologizes for 'jungle monkey' e-mail"
1066:
1064:
857:
855:
470:David E. Frank, a senior news reporter for
223:Police report and 911 dispatcher recordings
3096:
3077:
3063:
3055:
2977:"911 transcript on Harvard scholar arrest"
2621:
2619:
2524:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1544:"Obama tries to defuse racism controversy"
1537:
1535:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
965:
963:
47:
2885:. March 14, 2016. Event occurs at 58:00.
2496:(First ed.). New York. p. 397.
1992:"Text of Justin Barrett mass email (pdf)"
1566:
1564:
693:Relations with Crowley since the incident
2835:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (July 31, 2009).
1778:"Making legal sense of the Gates arrest"
1678:Silverglate, Harvey A. (July 28, 2009),
1395:
1393:
1202:"Gates caller says she didn't cite race"
819:Stanley, Alessandra (February 9, 2010).
733:
655:
587:, Washington, D.C. bureau chief for the
3284:2009 controversies in the United States
3246:
3021:Text of Justin Barrett mass email (PDF)
2970:The 2009 Cambridge police arrest report
2596:"Gates Says 'Yes' To Beer With Crowley"
914:
912:
910:
763:
3329:Politics and race in the United States
3299:African-American-related controversies
2517:
1680:"Prof. Gates' Unconstitutional Arrest"
995:"Gates's neighbor captured the moment"
821:"Genealogy for a Nation of Immigrants"
797:
3309:July 2009 events in the United States
3050:Thaddeus McCotter resolution (failed)
2922:Thompson, Cheryl W. (July 30, 2009).
2091:. Thebostonchannel.com. July 30, 2009
1021:Washington, Jesse (August 31, 2009).
459:who spent 27 years in uniform at the
175:Sgt. James Crowley, and charged with
7:
2039:. CNN. July 30, 2009. Archived from
1927:"Justin Barrett's email in question"
1371:"Harvard Professor Arrested At Home"
1341:Saltzman, Jonathan (July 23, 2009).
618:, Obama wrote that according to the
429:John Jay College of Criminal Justice
3334:Race and crime in the United States
3304:History of Cambridge, Massachusetts
2679:MacQuarrie, Brian (July 24, 2009).
2653:Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: A Biography
2352:Jonathan Saltzman (July 23, 2009).
2321:Trujillo, Melissa (July 24, 2009).
2131:Chutchian, Maria (August 4, 2009).
2005:Van Sack, Jessica (July 29, 2009).
1852:Thompson, Krissah (June 30, 2010).
1369:Thompson, Krissah (July 21, 2009).
1071:Ogletree, Charles (July 20, 2009).
351:The incident was first reported in
3319:Obama administration controversies
862:McPhee, Michelle (July 24, 2009).
671:On July 30, Obama, Vice President
219:interviews with Gates and Whalen.
25:
2741:Goodnough, Abby (July 31, 2009).
2438:. People-press.org. July 30, 2009
2065:. Myfoxboston.com. Archived from
2063:"National Guard suspends Barrett"
1925:Barrett, Justin (July 29, 2009).
1903:Cooper, Abraham (July 31, 2009).
1803:Krakauer, Steve (July 28, 2009).
1714:Rochman, Bonnie (July 25, 2009).
1542:McKenna, Barrie (July 25, 2009).
1250:Rochman, Bonnie (July 25, 2009).
3261:
3249:
2539:Hayworth, Bret (June 16, 2010).
2457:Harnden, Toby (August 2, 2009).
2265:Cooper, Helene (July 22, 2009).
2183:"Judge tosses civil rights suit"
2110:Collette, Matt (July 30, 2009).
1221:Pilkington, Ed (July 21, 2009).
893:Phillips, Kate (July 23, 2009).
675:, Gates, and Crowley met at the
491:, former Secretary of State and
399:Police Academy course entitled "
245:
231:
54:
2896:Hirsch, Afua (March 10, 2024).
2656:. Vintage. p. 164. Archived at
2627:"The White House 'beer summit'"
2567:Obama, Barack (July 24, 2009).
2408:Salsberg, Bob (July 24, 2009).
2159:Staff Writer (August 6, 2009).
1963:Colette, Matt (July 29, 2009).
1905:"Reenlisting Gates and Crowley"
1476:. July 21, 2009. Archived from
1442:. July 22, 2009. Archived from
1093:Olopade, Dayo (July 21, 2009).
27:2009 event, Massachusetts, U.S.
2998:Gates' description of incident
2650:Greene, Meg (April 11, 1995).
1185:Lindsay, Jay (July 29, 2009).
714:Gates later revealed during a
79:Gates residence, Ware Street,
1:
2841:An Accident of Time and Place
2660:. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
2293:Sweet, Lynn (July 22, 2009).
2232:Sweet, Lynn (July 22, 2009).
1829:Simon, Jeff (July 29, 2009).
993:Nicas, Jack (July 23, 2009).
575:Press conference and briefing
294:In an interview published in
3194:Africa's Great Civilizations
1782:Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly
1752:Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly
1315:Jan, Tracy (July 21, 2009).
525:Massachusetts National Guard
472:Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly
256:taken the day of the arrest.
157:to research the ancestry of
2992:Police radio communications
2216:84 Mass.App.Ct 1102
564:Massachusetts Appeals Court
337:Cambridge Police Department
60:Professor Henry Louis Gates
49:Arrest of Henry Louis Gates
18:Arrest of Henry Louis Gates
3355:
3229:W. E. B. Du Bois Institute
1528:. ABC News. July 20, 2009.
1401:"Obama Calls Sgt. Crowley"
3289:2009 in American politics
3139:The Bondwoman's Narrative
804:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
600:Fraternal Order of Police
366:Governor of Massachusetts
53:
3000:(interview published in
2467:. London. Archived from
697:During an appearance on
570:Presidential involvement
521:Boston Police Department
461:Boston Police Department
275:
144:Cambridge, Massachusetts
81:Cambridge, Massachusetts
2574:The Wall Street Journal
1499:Staff (July 16, 2009).
505:Simon Wiesenthal Center
204:White House Rose Garden
3162:African American Lives
3116:The Future of the Race
2868:The Oprah Winfrey Show
2490:Obama, Barack (2020).
700:The Oprah Winfrey Show
661:
320:Charges and resolution
186:On July 22, President
113:Other unnamed officers
62:and Sgt. James Crowley
43:considered for merging
3294:2009 in Massachusetts
3108:The Signifying Monkey
3086:Henry Louis Gates Jr.
1616:. CNN. July 25, 2009.
1438:CBS Broadcasting Inc.
1287:"Joint Press Release"
948:. WHDH. July 24, 2009
659:
515:Justin Barrett e-mail
493:Joint Chiefs of Staff
483:In an interview with
477:Harvey A. Silverglate
140:Henry Louis Gates Jr.
94:Henry Louis Gates Jr.
2222: July 15, 2013).
1758:on February 26, 2009
1656:. CNN. July 24, 2009
1107:on November 22, 2013
142:was arrested at his
3043:The Huffington Post
3031:The Harvard Crimson
2953:Donald E. Wilkes Jr
2929:The Washington Post
2464:The Daily Telegraph
2220:Mass. Appeals Court
1376:The Washington Post
1189:. Associated Press.
1095:"Skip Gates speaks"
716:National Press Club
452:Cohen v. California
405:Brandeis University
354:The Harvard Crimson
125:Disorderly conduct
50:
3212:Arrest controversy
3178:Finding Your Roots
2994:(Associated Press)
2748:The New York Times
2717:The New York Times
2546:Sioux City Journal
2272:The New York Times
1600:"bostonherald.com"
1548:The Globe and Mail
1171:on August 1, 2009.
1136:The New York Times
1131:"Bite Your Tongue"
900:The New York Times
826:The New York Times
686:The New York Times
662:
581:health care reform
425:Newark, New Jersey
177:disorderly conduct
136:Harvard University
134:On July 16, 2009,
3237:
3236:
3149:
3148:
3040:. Robert Fuller.
2983:on July 30, 2009.
2503:978-1-5247-6316-9
2471:on August 5, 2009
2333:on August 4, 2009
2239:Chicago Sun-Times
2188:The Boston Herald
2069:on August 1, 2009
1129:(July 25, 2009).
609:Thaddeus McCotter
590:Chicago Sun-Times
457:Boston University
447:U.S. Constitution
378:E. Denise Simmons
329:district attorney
132:
131:
16:(Redirected from
3346:
3266:
3265:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3170:Faces of America
3142:(published 2002)
3097:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3056:
3046:. July 27, 2009.
3034:, July 20, 2009.
2984:
2979:. Archived from
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2416:on July 27, 2009
2412:. Archived from
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2396:
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2387:The Boston Globe
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
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2359:The Boston Globe
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2327:Associated Press
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2246:on July 26, 2009
2242:. Archived from
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2198:
2196:
2191:. April 19, 2010
2179:
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2138:The Boston Globe
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2117:The Boston Globe
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2043:on July 31, 2009
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2002:
1996:
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1988:
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1970:The Boston Globe
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1939:on July 28, 2011
1935:. Archived from
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1754:. Archived from
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1728:on July 25, 2009
1724:. Archived from
1711:
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1480:on July 27, 2009
1474:Associated Press
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1446:on July 25, 2009
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1348:The Boston Globe
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1321:The Boston Globe
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1293:on July 25, 2009
1283:
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1264:on July 25, 2009
1260:. Archived from
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1207:The Boston Globe
1197:
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1103:. Archived from
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1047:The Boston Globe
1037:
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874:on June 15, 2011
870:. Archived from
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742:, Crowley had a
737:
666:Charles Ogletree
649:The Boston Globe
530:The Boston Globe
401:Racial Profiling
385:racial profiling
359:Associated Press
326:Middlesex County
276:Gates's accounts
249:
235:
193:teachable moment
181:racial profiling
173:Cambridge Police
164:Faces of America
116:Cambridge Police
58:
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2794:. July 30, 2009
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2493:A promised land
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387:. The Reverend
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2552:January 23,
2195:January 20,
1470:Yahoo! News
705:Smithsonian
677:White House
644:White House
620:White House
509:Los Angeles
389:Al Sharpton
183:by police.
32:‹ The
3278:Categories
3011:transcript
2754:August 18,
2723:August 24,
2512:1196086067
2475:August 18,
2442:August 22,
2047:August 18,
1976:August 18,
1748:"About Us"
1660:August 22,
1354:August 26,
1297:August 18,
1235:August 19,
1111:August 19,
1078:August 19,
974:. ABC News
759:References
627:Steve King
585:Lynn Sweet
264:America?"
138:professor
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740:Bud Light
673:Joe Biden
374:Cambridge
333:Cambridge
200:Joe Biden
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2935:July 31,
2850:The Root
2774:ABC News
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800:cite web
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283:The Root
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