178:
321:. Practitioners were typically members of the educated elite, as most grimoires were written in Latin. One such case in 1444, Inquisitor Gaspare Sighicelli took action against a group active in Bologna. Marco Mattei of Gesso and friar Jacopo of Viterbo confessed to taking part in magical practices. Nigromancy may include, but is not a synonym for,
1484:
384:
is the art of divination which consisted of signs and patterns from flames. There are many variations of pyromancy depending on the material thrown into a fire and it is thought to be used for sacrifices to the gods and that the deity is present within the flames with priests interpreting the omens
396:
is a form of divination based on reading palms and based on intuitions and symbolism with some symbols tying into astrology. A line from a person's hand that resembles a square is considered a bad omen whereas a triangle would be a good omen. This idea comes from the trine and square aspect in the
372:
divination consisted in tossing sand, dirt, or seeds into the air and studying and interpreting the patterns of the dust cloud or the settling of the seeds. This also includes divination coming from thunder, comets, falling stars, and the shape of clouds.
337:
was one of the more popular forms of divination practiced during the
Renaissance. It is a form of divination in which any question may be answered by casting sand, stone, or dirt on the ground and reading the shapes, using tables of
357:. Water is used as a medium for scrying to allow the practitioner to see illusionary pictures within it. Hydromancy originated from Babylonia and was popular during Byzantine times whereas in medieval Europe, it was associated with
412:
was a form of divination using an animal's scapula. The scapula would be broken and based on how it was broken, it could be used to read the future. It was generally broken by heating it with hot coals until it broke.
1818:
1428:
1341:
262:
disciplines (viz., geomancy, hydromancy, aeromancy, pyromancy) is somewhat contrived. Chiromancy is the divination from a subject's palms as practiced by the
164:
266:(at the time recently arrived in Europe), and scapulimancy is the divination from animal bones, in particular shoulder blades, as practiced in peasant
1546:
1516:
1747:
1716:
1653:
644:
1813:
1623:
1388:
762:
612:
549:
757:
309:
While the term "nigromancy" broadly construed includes the six associated divinatory practices, it more specifically refers to the
212:
1531:
1155:
111:
1511:
1372:
737:
1849:
1597:
774:
705:
34:
1412:
998:
769:
559:
Herzig, Tamar (Winter 2011). "The Demons and the Friars: Illicit Magic and
Mendicant Rivalry in Renaissance Bologna".
157:
1436:
1772:
1468:
292:
150:
1798:
1576:
1566:
1476:
1348:
637:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1592:
1404:
1356:
1143:
1025:
817:
1674:
1658:
1648:
1607:
1602:
1460:
1452:
1689:
1684:
1561:
1083:
839:
812:
752:
286:
1808:
1803:
1526:
1521:
1318:
678:
653:
1854:
1694:
1679:
1420:
1380:
1035:
1020:
822:
717:
712:
688:
630:
398:
131:
1571:
1503:
747:
576:
106:
592:
Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of
Ancient Texts
1793:
1200:
1030:
834:
683:
608:
545:
339:
271:
259:
216:
1767:
1283:
1003:
884:
874:
807:
700:
589:
568:
314:
310:
224:
177:
116:
101:
1093:
993:
889:
220:
1737:
1278:
1323:
1843:
1823:
1313:
1273:
1238:
1118:
693:
590:
580:
263:
185:
1788:
1444:
1396:
1180:
1133:
1128:
1088:
849:
732:
409:
267:
255:
189:
82:
1364:
1308:
1293:
1248:
1148:
1113:
1098:
1040:
953:
879:
802:
317:. Demonic magic was performed in groups surrounding a leader in possession of a
121:
1732:
1536:
1195:
1138:
1123:
978:
973:
968:
963:
948:
928:
779:
727:
657:
602:
393:
358:
350:
322:
251:
239:
231:
126:
77:
62:
52:
17:
1228:
1010:
988:
938:
933:
911:
381:
369:
247:
243:
72:
67:
784:
1742:
1303:
1185:
1103:
943:
906:
742:
722:
334:
318:
280:
275:
235:
193:
181:
57:
1288:
1218:
1108:
869:
844:
622:
540:
Heiduk, Matthias; Herbers, Klaus; Lehner, Hans-Christian, eds. (2020).
354:
1298:
1253:
1223:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1078:
1061:
1056:
983:
136:
432:
430:
1819:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
1485:
Treatise on the
Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
572:
219:
in 1456. They were divided into seven types reflecting that of the
1828:
1268:
1263:
1243:
1233:
1160:
1071:
1066:
1015:
923:
901:
896:
827:
176:
1258:
1190:
958:
916:
626:
353:, a form of divination using water, is typically used with
483:
481:
1781:
1760:
1725:
1709:
1667:
1616:
1585:
1554:
1545:
1502:
1495:
1332:
1209:
1049:
862:
795:
671:
664:
596:(2nd ed.). The Johns Hopkins University Press.
436:
542:Prognostication in the Medieval World: A Handbook
1342:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
1429:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
638:
270:. Nigromancy is distinguished from scholarly
158:
8:
604:A history of magic and experimental science
1551:
1499:
668:
645:
631:
623:
165:
151:
29:
499:
460:
426:
41:
1748:List of people executed for witchcraft
448:
192:ritual to invoke a spirit in a church
1717:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
7:
523:
511:
487:
472:
1814:Left-hand path and right-hand path
1389:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
25:
437:Heiduk, Herbers & Lehner 2020
258:. The division between the four
112:Psychological theories of magic
1512:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
1373:Summis desiderantes affectibus
300:Categories of artes prohibitae
1:
1517:accusations against children
1413:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
274:derived from High Medieval
1871:
1437:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
1469:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
293:Liber Razielis Archangeli
211:, are arts prohibited by
1799:Christian views on magic
1477:The Discovery of Witches
1349:Directorium Inquisitorum
601:Thorndike, Lynn (1923).
1405:De praestigiis daemonum
1357:De maleficis mulieribus
607:. New York: Macmillan.
1461:Compendium Maleficarum
1453:Magical Investigations
1344:(8thā2nd centuries BC)
196:
1084:Cloak of invisibility
840:Solitary practitioner
753:Witch-cult hypothesis
561:Renaissance Quarterly
287:Liber Juratus Honorii
180:
1850:Magic (supernatural)
1804:Magical organization
1319:Witches of Benevento
588:Luck, Georg (2006).
399:astrological aspects
342:for interpretation.
230:The categories were
1421:Newes from Scotland
1381:Malleus Maleficarum
758:Anglo-Saxon England
526:, pp. 311ā312.
132:Western esotericism
1773:Witches in fiction
1761:In popular culture
1335:historic treatises
502:, p. 319-321.
197:
107:Magic and religion
1837:
1836:
1794:Witch (archetype)
1756:
1755:
1705:
1704:
1031:Sympathetic magic
858:
857:
340:geomantic figures
325:("death magic").
217:Johannes Hartlieb
175:
174:
16:(Redirected from
1862:
1768:Magic in fiction
1598:Northern Moravia
1552:
1532:Papua New Guinea
1500:
1284:Nine sorceresses
1036:Witches' Sabbath
885:Ceremonial magic
875:Apotropaic magic
669:
647:
640:
633:
624:
618:
597:
595:
584:
567:(4): 1025ā1058.
555:
527:
521:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
434:
315:Late Middle Ages
225:artes mechanicae
215:as expounded by
202:artes prohibitae
167:
160:
153:
117:Sorcery (goetia)
102:History of magic
43:Artes Prohibitae
30:
21:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1777:
1752:
1721:
1701:
1663:
1617:Northern Europe
1612:
1581:
1541:
1491:
1334:
1328:
1211:
1205:
1144:Magical weapons
1094:Flying ointment
1045:
890:Magical formula
854:
791:
738:Greece and Rome
660:
651:
621:
615:
600:
587:
558:
552:
539:
535:
530:
522:
518:
510:
506:
498:
494:
486:
479:
471:
467:
459:
455:
451:, p. 1028.
447:
443:
435:
428:
424:
419:
407:
391:
379:
367:
348:
331:
307:
302:
221:artes liberales
171:
142:
141:
97:
96:
87:
28:
27:Types of Magic.
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1668:Western Europe
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1586:Eastern Europe
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1324:Witch of Endor
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1201:Witch's ladder
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
920:
919:
914:
909:
899:
894:
893:
892:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
831:
830:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
797:
793:
792:
790:
789:
788:
787:
777:
772:
767:
766:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
710:
709:
708:
698:
697:
696:
691:
686:
675:
673:
666:
662:
661:
652:
650:
649:
642:
635:
627:
620:
619:
614:978-0231088008
613:
598:
585:
573:10.1086/664084
556:
551:978-3110499773
550:
544:. De Gruyter.
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:
516:
514:, p. 314.
504:
500:Thorndike 1923
492:
490:, p. 311.
477:
475:, p. 312.
465:
463:, p. 110.
461:Thorndike 1923
453:
441:
439:, p. 834.
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
406:
403:
390:
387:
378:
375:
366:
363:
347:
344:
330:
327:
306:
303:
301:
298:
173:
172:
170:
169:
162:
155:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
98:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
86:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1867:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Folk religion
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Three Witches
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Morgan le Fay
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Kitchen witch
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
900:
898:
895:
891:
888:
887:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
865:
861:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
794:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Latin America
768:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
707:
704:
703:
702:
699:
695:
694:Witch smeller
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
676:
674:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
643:
641:
636:
634:
629:
628:
625:
616:
610:
606:
605:
599:
594:
593:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
553:
547:
543:
538:
537:
532:
525:
520:
517:
513:
508:
505:
501:
496:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
466:
462:
457:
454:
450:
445:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
421:
416:
414:
411:
404:
402:
400:
395:
388:
386:
383:
376:
374:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
345:
343:
341:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:demonic magic
304:
299:
297:
295:
294:
289:
288:
283:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
208:artes magicae
204:
203:
195:
191:
187:
186:Edward Kelley
183:
179:
168:
163:
161:
156:
154:
149:
148:
146:
145:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
91:
90:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
18:Artes magicae
1789:Witch (word)
1738:Witch's mark
1547:Early Modern
1483:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1445:Daemonologie
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1397:Laienspiegel
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1279:Muma PÄdurii
1210:Folklore and
1181:Sator Square
1134:Magic circle
1129:Magic carpet
1089:Crystal ball
1026:Spiritualism
850:Witch doctor
733:Cunning folk
603:
591:
564:
560:
541:
519:
507:
495:
468:
456:
444:
410:Scapulimancy
408:
405:Scapulimancy
392:
380:
368:
349:
332:
308:
291:
285:
279:
278:such as the
268:superstition
256:scapulimancy
229:
207:
206:
201:
200:
198:
190:magic circle
83:scapulimancy
42:
1496:Persecution
1365:Formicarius
1309:Spearfinger
1249:Elbow witch
1149:Magic sword
1114:Julleuchter
1099:Goofer dust
1041:White magic
954:Incantation
880:Black magic
835:Renaissance
803:Chaos magic
775:Middle East
706:Philippines
533:Works cited
449:Herzig 2011
333:The art of
122:Black magic
1855:Witchcraft
1844:Categories
1809:Maleficium
1733:Witch-hunt
1537:Witch camp
1196:Witch ball
1139:Magic ring
1124:Love charm
979:Necromancy
974:Moon magic
969:Mediumship
964:Love magic
949:Gray magic
929:Divination
728:Benandanti
658:witchcraft
417:References
394:Chiromancy
389:Chiromancy
385:conveyed.
359:witchcraft
351:Hydromancy
346:Hydromancy
323:necromancy
305:Nigromancy
272:high magic
252:chiromancy
240:hydromancy
232:nigromancy
199:The seven
127:Divination
78:chiromancy
63:hydromancy
53:nigromancy
1710:Classical
1229:Baba Yaga
1212:mythology
1021:Spiritism
1011:Sex magic
989:Shamanism
984:Occultism
939:Evocation
934:Entheogen
912:Damnation
863:Practices
581:162081348
524:Luck 2006
512:Luck 2006
488:Luck 2006
473:Luck 2006
422:Citations
382:Pyromancy
377:Pyromancy
370:Aeromancy
365:Aeromancy
276:grimoires
260:elemental
248:pyromancy
244:aeromancy
213:canon law
194:graveyard
73:pyromancy
68:aeromancy
1743:Pricking
1654:Scotland
1577:Virginia
1567:New York
1562:Maryland
1555:Americas
1304:Sorginak
1294:Pasiphaƫ
1186:Talisman
1156:Mojo bag
1104:Grimoire
999:Regional
944:Familiar
907:Anathema
823:Neopagan
818:Medieval
723:Akelarre
335:geomancy
329:Geomancy
319:grimoire
281:Picatrix
236:geomancy
188:using a
182:John Dee
58:geomancy
35:a series
33:Part of
1782:Related
1726:Related
1644:Iceland
1639:Finland
1634:England
1629:Denmark
1593:Hungary
1289:Obayifo
1219:Agamede
1176:Potions
1109:Incense
1050:Objects
870:Animism
845:Warlock
780:Oceania
763:Britain
355:scrying
313:of the
95:Related
1695:Basque
1680:Geneva
1675:France
1659:Sweden
1649:Norway
1624:Baltic
1608:Russia
1603:Poland
1504:Modern
1488:(1751)
1480:(1647)
1472:(1627)
1464:(1608)
1456:(1599)
1448:(1597)
1440:(1595)
1432:(1593)
1424:(1591)
1416:(1584)
1408:(1563)
1400:(1509)
1392:(1489)
1384:(1487)
1376:(1484)
1368:(1475)
1360:(1440)
1352:(1376)
1299:Sebile
1254:Hecate
1224:Aradia
1171:Poppet
1166:Nkondi
1079:Censer
1062:Athame
1057:Amulet
1016:Sigils
1004:Yellow
813:Hoodoo
808:Goetia
785:MÄkutu
713:Europe
684:Azande
679:Africa
672:Region
611:
579:
548:
290:, and
264:Romani
254:, and
137:Occult
1829:Adept
1690:Spain
1685:Italy
1572:Salem
1527:Nepal
1522:India
1333:Major
1269:Medea
1264:Kalku
1244:Drude
1239:Dayan
1234:Circe
1161:Nkisi
1072:besom
1067:Broom
994:Black
924:Demon
902:Curse
897:Coven
828:Wicca
748:Vƶlva
743:SeiĆ°r
718:Italy
689:Ghana
665:Types
654:Magic
577:S2CID
205:, or
1259:Huld
1191:Wand
959:Jinn
917:Jinx
796:Form
701:Asia
656:and
609:ISBN
546:ISBN
223:and
184:and
569:doi
227:.
1846::
575:.
565:64
563:.
480:^
429:^
401:.
361:.
296:.
284:,
250:,
246:,
242:,
238:,
234:,
37:on
646:e
639:t
632:v
617:.
583:.
571::
554:.
166:e
159:t
152:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
