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to which he contributed a long series of articles upon the sun and moon, the milky way, the stellar universe, star-clusters, the density of nebulae, &c. These papers give his mature views on many problems. His most important investigations were those on nebulae, the density of which he concluded
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led him to concentrate his attention on mathematics and astronomy, and he formed an intimate friendship with the professor's son George. In 1864 the two friends formed the plan for a society for the special study of mathematics, and issued a circular inviting attendance at the first meeting of "the
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Ranyard, who was unmarried, lived a somewhat retired life of laborious industry. He was a man of generous spirit, extremely conscientious, and completely devoted to duty. He died of cancer, at his house in Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, on 14 December 1894. A portrait is given in ‘Knowledge’ for
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University
College Mathematical Society" on 7 Nov. 1864. The first meeting mentioned in the minutes of the society, however, was held on 16 January 1865, when De Morgan was elected president, and Messrs. Cozens-Hardy and
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in 1863, was a member of the council (1872–88 and 1892–4), and was secretary (1874–80). He was assistant secretary of the expedition for observing the total solar eclipse of 1870, and made a successful series of
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secretaries. After the president's inaugural address
Ranyard read the first paper, 'On Determinants'. The new association received the support of eminent mathematicians, and ultimately developed into the present
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to be extremely low, even compared with the Earth's atmosphere, and on star-clusters, which he regarded as showing evidence of the ejection of matter from a centre, and not gradual condensation, as supposed by
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His most extensive work in astronomy was the eclipse volume of the Royal
Astronomical Society, in which are systematised and discussed the observations of all solar eclipses down to 1878. It was begun with Sir
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incomplete, and
Ranyard undertook to finish it for the benefit of the author's family. The chapters which are entirely by Ranyard are those on the universe of stars, the construction of the
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experiments on photographic irradiation, and in 1886 he investigated the relation between brightness of object, time of exposure, and intensity of photographic action.
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to view the solar eclipse of that year, which he observed and photographed at a station near Denver In 1882 he observed and photographed the total solar eclipse at
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79:) in 1871; but his tastes lay in the direction of science, and his means enabled him to devote much of his time to astronomy. He became a fellow of the
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in
October 1865, and graduated M.A. in 1868. Adopting the law as his profession, he was
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He took an interest in public affairs, and in 1892 was elected a member of the
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Born at
Swanscombe, Kent, he was son of Benjamin Ranyard by his wife
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46:, London, from 1857 to 1860, afterwards proceeding to
22:(21 June 1845 – 14 December 1894) was an English
260:. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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318:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
88:observations in Sicily. In 1878 he went to
367:Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
146:. He also succeeded Proctor as editor of
67:Proceeding to Cambridge, Ranyard entered
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347:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
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172:"Ranyard, Arthur Cowper (RNRT864AC)"
362:Alumni of University College London
50:. Here the influence of Professor
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352:Members of London County Council
342:19th-century British astronomers
315:Dictionary of National Biography
257:Dictionary of National Biography
229:Monthly Notices Royal Astr. Soc.
216:Monthly Notices Royal Astr. Soc.
309:"Ranyard, Arthur Cowper"
247:"Ranyard, Arthur Cowper"
134:died, leaving his major work,
1:
176:A Cambridge Alumni Database
62:London Mathematical Society
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178:. University of Cambridge.
142:, and the distribution of
81:Royal Astronomical Society
44:University College School
42:White). Ranyard attended
357:Members of Lincoln's Inn
277:Memoirs Royal Astr. Soc.
190:Memoirs Royal Astr. Soc
132:Richard Anthony Proctor
36:Ellen Henrietta Ranyard
136:Old and New Astronomy,
16:English astrophysicist
242:Wesley, William Henry
106:In 1872 he made with
101:London County Council
20:Arthur Cowper Ranyard
153:Pierre-Simon Laplace
292:, vols. xvi. xvii.)
130:In 1888 his friend
57:Henry Mason Bompas
52:Augustus De Morgan
48:University College
73:called to the bar
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96:in Upper Egypt.
69:Pembroke College
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279:ib. vol. xli.)
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24:astrophysicist
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86:polariscopic
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337:1894 deaths
332:1845 births
300:Attribution
252:Lee, Sidney
218:xxxii. 313)
188:DNB cit.: (
125:George Airy
326:Categories
231:xlvi. 305)
205:xlvi. 213)
158:References
148:Knowledge,
290:Knowledge
140:Milky Way
263:sources:
244:(1896).
90:Colorado
254:(ed.).
144:nebulae
288:DNB: (
275:DNB: (
227:DNB: (
214:DNB: (
201:DNB: (
250:. In
118:Works
94:Sohag
30:Life
40:née
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312:.
174:.
64:.
26:.
75:(
38:(
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