3172:
1278:
909:. Like all other attempts to detect aether drift or drag, Airy obtained a negative result. George Biddell Airy did not set out to discover either a stationary or moving aether. Nor did he set out to prove that the earth itself was either stationary or moving. A simple reading of his paper confirms those facts. Airy's experiment was motivated exclusively by what he describes as a discussion in Continental publications (to which he refers in the opening paragraph of his paper) concerning light undergoing a relative increase in refraction upon traversing a refracting medium that has a translational velocity. The hypothesis of refractional increase with refracting medium motion was proposed by Fresnel2,3 in 1818 and experimentally confirmed by Fizeau4 in 1851. That confirmation has been repeated and stands today despite the unpopularity of Fresnel's theoretical explanation of partial aether entrainment being responsible for the phenomenon.
1077:
1289:
1005:
3243:
3149:
836:
60:
599:'s solar tables he had been led to suspect an inequality overlooked by their constructor. The cause of this he did not long seek in vain; thirteen times the mean motion of Venus is so nearly equal to eight times that of Earth that the difference amounts to only a small fraction of Earth's mean motion, and from the fact that the term depending on this difference, although very small in itself, receives in the integration of the
4045:
699:
437:
3075:
4057:
2863:
1013:
690:, but some were calculated to be even larger than the size of the whole universe estimated at the time). However, the disk appearances of the stars were spurious: they were not actually seeing stellar images, but Airy disks. With modern telescopes, even with those having the largest magnification, the images of almost all stars correctly appear as mere points of light.
879:, instigated by Le Verrier, won the race for priority. Though Airy was "abused most savagely both by English and French" for his failure to act on Adams's suggestions more promptly, there have also been claims that Adams's communications had been vague and dilatory and further that the search for a new planet was not the responsibility of the Astronomer Royal.
1073:. He later wrote, "Our eyes met ... and my fate was sealed ... I felt irresistibly that we must be united," and Airy proposed two days later. Richarda's father, the Revd Richard Smith, felt that Airy lacked the financial resources to marry his daughter. Only in 1830, with Airy established in his Cambridge position, was permission for the marriage granted.
771:
628:
388:, meaning that he paid a reduced fee but essentially worked as a servant to make good the fee reduction. Here he had a brilliant career, and seems to have been almost immediately recognised as the leading man of his year. In 1822 he was elected scholar of Trinity, and in the following year he graduated as
791:
and John Pond, to defray the expense of which a large sum of money was allotted by the
Treasury. As a result, no fewer than 8,000 lunar observations were rescued from oblivion, and were, in 1846, placed at the disposal of astronomers in such a form that they could be used directly for comparison with
1028:
in the late 1870s. He thought that pressures no greater than about 10 pounds per square foot (500 pascals) could be expected, a comment Bouch took to mean also applied to the first Tay railway bridge then being built. Much greater pressures, however, can be expected in severe storms. Airy was called
954:
The work was published in 1886, when its author was eighty-five years of age. For some little time previously he had been harassed by a suspicion that certain errors had crept into the computations, and accordingly he addressed himself to the task of revision. But his powers were no longer what they
778:
The formidable undertaking of reducing the accumulated planetary observations made at
Greenwich from 1750 to 1830 was already in progress under Airy's supervision when he became Astronomer Royal. Shortly afterwards he undertook the further laborious task of reducing the enormous mass of observations
803:
of two new inequalities in the moon's motion. After completing these reductions, Airy made inquiries, before engaging in any theoretical investigation in connection with them, whether any other mathematician was pursuing the subject, and learning that Hansen had taken it in hand under the patronage
758:
was erected, and is still the principal instrument of its class at the observatory. The mounting in 1859 of an equatorial of 330 mm (13 in) aperture evoked the comment in his journal for that year, "There is not now a single person employed or instrument used in the observatory which was
561:
of 6.566. This value, although considerably in excess of that previously found by different methods, was held by Airy, from the care and completeness with which the observations were carried out and discussed, to be "entitled to compete with the others on, at least, equal terms." The currently
2666:
808:, but that, owing to the death of the king and the consequent lack of funds, there was danger of his being compelled to abandon it, he applied to the admiralty on Hansen's behalf for the necessary sum. His request was immediately granted, and thus it came about that Hansen's famous
681:
detectable at the time entailed that stars were a huge distance away. But the naked eye and the early telescopes with small apertures seemed to show that stars were disks of a certain size. This would imply that the stars were many times larger than the Sun (they were not aware of
1150:
near
Greenwich. In 1891, he suffered a fall and an internal injury. He survived the consequential surgery only a few days. His wealth at death was £27,713, equivalent to £3,746,548.49 in 2021. Airy and his wife and three pre-deceased children are buried at St. Mary's Church in
730:, considered that "it ought to be cleared out," while Airy admitted that "it was in a queer state." With his usual energy he set to work at once to reorganise the whole management. He remodelled the volumes of observations, put the library on a proper footing, mounted the new (
519:
One of the sections of his able and instructive report was devoted to "A Comparison of the
Progress of Astronomy in England with that in other Countries", very much to the disadvantage of England. This reproach was subsequently to a great extent removed by his own labours.
955:
had been, and he was never able to examine sufficiently into the matter. In 1890 he tells us how a grievous error had been committed in one of the first steps, and pathetically adds, "My spirit in the work was broken, and I have never heartily proceeded with it since."
484:
Airy's writings during this time are divided between mathematical physics and astronomy. The former are for the most part concerned with questions relating to the theory of light arising out of his professorial lectures, among which may be specially mentioned his paper
465:, and to this he vigorously devoted himself. By the adoption of a regular system of work, and a careful plan of reduction, he was able to keep his observations up to date, and published them annually with a punctuality which astonished his contemporaries. Before long a
556:
in northern
England in 1854. Their immediate result was to show that gravity at the bottom of the mine exceeded that at the top by 1/19286 of its amount, the depth being383 m (1,257 ft). From this he was led to the final value of Earth's
1277:
946:
In this mode of treating the question the order of the terms is numerical, and though the amount of labour is such as might well have deterred a younger man, yet the details were easy, and a great part of it might be entrusted to "a mere
4710:
570:
In 1830, Airy calculated the lengths of the polar radius and equatorial radius of the earth using measurements taken in the UK. Although his measurements were superseded by more accurate radius figures (such as those used for
1672:
4840:
4805:
4765:
444:
Some idea of his activity as a writer on mathematical and physical subjects during these early years may be gathered from the fact that previous to this appointment he had contributed three important memoirs to the
4835:
1033:, and was criticised for his advice. However, little was known about the problems of wind resistance of large structures, and a Royal Commission on Wind Pressure was asked to conduct research into the problem.
4730:
2747:
4715:
3724:
4775:
4735:
4815:
405:
3307:
4770:
1357:
548:. A second attempt in 1828 was defeated by a flooding of the mine, and many years elapsed before another opportunity presented itself. The experiments eventually took place at the
4790:
722:, and began his long career at the national observatory which constitutes his chief title to fame. The condition of the observatory at the time of his appointment was such that
4750:
4740:
4094:
2093:"On the Supposed Alteration in the Amount of Astronomical Aberration of Light, Produced by the Passage of the Light through a Considerable Thickness of Refracting Medium"
923:
2878:
4755:
3717:
992:). For example, it was used by H. M. Westergaard to determine the stress and strain field around a crack tip and thereby this method contributed to the development of
497:
of the Royal
Society was awarded to him for these researches. Of his astronomical writings during this period the most important are his investigation of the mass of
4785:
2392:
Chapman, Allan (June 2003). "Porters, watchmen, and the crime of
William Sayers: the non-scientific staff of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in Victorian times".
921:
in a new way, and at the age of seventy-one he embarked on the prodigious toil which this scheme entailed. A general description of his method will be found in the
4725:
477:
of 12-inch aperture, which was mounted according to Airy's designs and under his superintendence, although construction was not completed until after he moved to
425:
3300:
4700:
1175:
four times, for a total of seven years (1835–37, 1849–51, 1853–55, 1863–64). No other person has been president more than four times (a record he shares with
595:
Airy's discovery of a new inequality in the motions of Venus and the Earth is in some respects his most remarkable achievement. In correcting the elements of
4344:
616:
173:
4760:
4745:
3924:
3710:
2887:
114:
1348:
Experiments on Iron-built Ships, instituted for the purpose of discovering a correction for the deviation of the
Compass produced-by the Iron of the Ships
1588:
At the time that this was written, the term "computer" referred to a human being who performed calculating work, either manually or with mechanical aids.
380:. Clarkson had an MA in mathematics from Cambridge, and examined Airy in classics and then subsequently arranged for him to be examined by a Fellow from
4695:
4336:
4122:
1265:
258:
45:
3293:
654:, surrounded by concentric rings comprising an Airy pattern. The size of the Airy disk depends on the light wavelength and the size of the aperture.
4810:
4795:
4368:
3401:
1397:
754:
previously employed. At the end of 1850 the great transit circle of 203 mm (8.0 in) aperture and 3.5 metres (11 feet 6 inches)
4800:
4459:
4245:
4103:
3129:
1636:
1564:
823:
at
Greenwich. This line, the fourth "Greenwich Meridian", became the definitive internationally recognised line in 1884. It was superseded by the
2436:
4130:
4087:
3236:
470:
149:
4720:
4360:
2816:
2230:
1183:
4194:
4178:
2322:
1880:
194:
2832:
2470:
1162:
asserted in his autobiography that the ghost of Airy has been seen haunting the Royal
Greenwich Observatory after nightfall. (page 178)
611:
theory, and represented the first specific improvement in the solar tables effected in England since the establishment of the theory of
875:
to undertake a systematic search in the hope of securing the triumph of discovery for Britain. Ultimately, a rival search in Berlin by
4352:
4253:
3597:
1020:
Airy was consulted about wind speeds and pressures likely to be encountered on the proposed Forth suspension bridge being designed by
4638:
4531:
4170:
4080:
4028:
3733:
3144:
2783:
2731:
2205:
1911:
943:, with a symbolic term attached to each number, the value of which was to be determined by substitution in the equations of motion.
723:
421:
397:
295:
3609:
1806:
2529:
2060:
1988:
1755:"Account of Pendulum Experiments Undertaken in the Harton Colliery, for the Purpose of Determining the Mean Density of the Earth"
361:. An introverted child, Airy gained popularity with his schoolmates through his great skill in the construction of peashooters.
4630:
4186:
3917:
840:
454:
358:
124:
1288:
1100:
587:
for mapping of England, Scotland and Wales because it better fits the local sea level (about 80 cm below world average).
4539:
4416:
3840:
1219:
845:
242:
4202:
4146:
3986:
3545:
1076:
596:
1111:. Anna's mother died shortly after she was born, and she was raised by her maiden aunts Christabel and Annot (see below).
4820:
4780:
4004:
3497:
989:
703:
603:
a multiplier of about 2,200,000, Airy was led to infer the existence of a sensible inequality extending over 240 years (
4662:
3417:
1302:
417:
262:
49:
3092:
1690:
1004:
4705:
4048:
3910:
3573:
3485:
3345:
3052:
1871:
1328:
1212:
1172:
969:
928:
796:
674:
666:
381:
228:
134:
4825:
4507:
4491:
3880:
2580:
1983:
529:
1340:
4547:
4285:
3517:
3134:
1641:
1045:
as being "a tough adversary" and stories of various disagreements and conflicts with other scientists survive.
3449:
2615:
1386:
3079:
3561:
3537:
3385:
3200:
3098:
3058:
1840:
Transactions Treatises on physical astronomy, light and sound contributed to the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana
1190:
981:
824:
4312:
4269:
3337:
1081:
906:
876:
1455:
Cannon, W.F. (November 1964). "Scientists and broad churchmen: an early Victorian intellectual network".
3577:
3409:
1538:
1025:
727:
600:
576:
549:
413:
3140:
3074:
2444:
1253:
Ai(x) and Bi(x) and the differential equation they arise from are named in his honour, as well as the
607:
cxxii. 67). The investigation was probably the most laborious that had been made up to Airy's time in
4830:
4690:
4685:
4400:
4392:
4016:
3998:
3689:
3585:
3369:
3277:
2985:
2401:
2374:
2331:
2255:
2104:
1940:
1884:
1509:
854:
800:
747:
337:, one of a long line of Airys who traced their descent back to a family of the same name residing at
3190:
3181:
3038:
3027:
3016:
2973:
4515:
4408:
3768:
3633:
3553:
3120:
2808:
1627:
1376:
On the Algebraic and Numerical Theory of Errors of Observations and the Combination of Observations
1229:
1053:, which Airy considered to be a competitor to Greenwich. Other well documented conflicts were with
1030:
888:
731:
502:
4056:
2905:
1500:
Satterthwaite, G. E. (2003). "Airy's zenith telescopes and "the Birth-Star of Modern Astronomy"".
4654:
4571:
4523:
3992:
3681:
3091:
2565:
2417:
2347:
2271:
1958:
1784:
1525:
1488:
1472:
1321:
On the Lunar Theory, The Figure of the Earth, Precession and Nutation, and Calculus of Variations
1239:
1193:
993:
898:
639:
474:
2641:
750:, but whenever it might be visible. In 1848 Airy invented the reflex zenith tube to replace the
3051:
2723:
774:
The Prime Meridian in Greenwich (1884–1984); the telescope shown above left is behind the glass
309:, measuring the mean density of the Earth, a method of solution of two-dimensional problems in
4579:
4499:
4022:
3657:
3605:
3493:
3167:
3158:
3124:
3103:
2812:
2779:
2727:
2509:
2226:
2201:
2030:
1907:
1631:
1480:
1433:
1309:
A complete list of Airy's 518 printed papers is in Airy (1896). Among the most important are:
1152:
1140:
1099:
The eldest child to survive to adulthood was Wilfrid (1836–1925), who designed and engineered
860:
469:
was installed, and regular observations were instituted with it in 1833. In the same year the
462:
365:
346:
3232:
2478:
2246:
Ronalds, B.F. (June 2016). "Sir Francis Ronalds and the Early Years of the Kew Observatory".
658:
had previously described the phenomenon, but Airy was the first to explain it theoretically.
4563:
4467:
4138:
4060:
3933:
3800:
3673:
3625:
3469:
3393:
3353:
3176:
2993:
2800:
2560:
2534:
2409:
2339:
2263:
2198:
Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silvery Tay: Reinvestigating the Tay Bridge Disaster of 1879
2178:
2145:
2112:
2065:
1993:
1948:
1766:
1517:
1464:
1235:
973:
948:
868:
835:
739:
735:
715:
678:
558:
393:
299:
269:
159:
145:
1813:
779:
of the moon made at Greenwich during the same period under the direction, successively, of
4475:
4451:
3968:
3962:
3872:
3864:
3824:
3760:
3649:
3641:
3589:
3565:
3533:
3441:
1754:
1069:
In July 1824, Airy met Richarda Smith (1804–1875), "a great beauty", on a walking tour of
1054:
1050:
1046:
985:
805:
788:
784:
687:
683:
584:
389:
373:
310:
59:
2801:
2133:
2092:
1928:
1838:
1337:
Gravitation: an Elementary Explanation of the Principal Perturbations in the Solar System
1155:. A cottage owned by Airy still stands, adjacent to the church and now in private hands.
1147:
396:. On 1 October 1824 he was elected fellow of Trinity, and in December 1826 was appointed
3217:
2989:
2605:
A description and images of Airy's Suffolk cottage and church are found in Goward (2005)
2405:
2378:
2335:
2259:
2108:
1944:
1888:
1513:
1408:
1368:
4603:
4328:
3944:
3425:
3242:
3148:
2874:
2716:
1201:
820:
707:
647:
334:
318:
3204:
2413:
1521:
759:
there in Mr Pond's time"; and the transformation was completed by the inauguration of
710:
of the world, or more accurately, the Prime Meridian was marked by or derived from it.
4679:
4595:
4587:
4555:
4483:
4432:
4376:
4237:
4107:
3956:
3950:
3888:
3848:
3808:
3784:
3702:
3665:
3513:
3461:
3457:
3329:
3267:
3259:
2882:
2869:
2421:
2351:
2275:
2166:
1853:
1529:
1250:
1208:
1176:
1159:
1042:
872:
780:
760:
751:
661:
This was a key argument in refuting one of the last remaining arguments for absolute
655:
553:
541:
450:
401:
377:
287:
232:
180:
2500:
Eadie, MJ (2009). "Hubert Airy, contemporary men of science and the migraine aura".
1492:
698:
457:. At the Cambridge Observatory Airy soon showed his power of organisation. The only
436:
4320:
4293:
4277:
4261:
4221:
4162:
3792:
3752:
3744:
3377:
3361:
3316:
3209:
2932:
1962:
1226:
1126:
1093:
1021:
918:
755:
494:
466:
350:
166:
4072:
2546:
2077:
2005:
2773:
2026:
1429:
404:. This chair he held for little more than a year, being elected in February 1828
4424:
4229:
4154:
4010:
3832:
3776:
3505:
3433:
3285:
3163:
2289:
1258:
1132:
Christabel (1842–1917) died unmarried, as did the next sister Annot (1843–1924).
1115:
1104:
1058:
977:
670:
662:
643:
342:
218:
187:
3154:
2538:
2343:
1303:
For a list of works by George Biddell Airy (with digital copies) see Wikisource
384:
on his knowledge of mathematics. As a result, he entered Trinity in 1819, as a
345:, in the 14th century. The branch to which he belonged, having suffered in the
4646:
4611:
3856:
3111:
3083:
1070:
1049:
discovered Airy to be his foe while he was inaugural Honorary Director of the
1012:
291:
3107:
2998:
2069:
1997:
1852:
Airy, G. B., "On the Diffraction of an Object-glass with Circular Aperture,"
528:
One of the most remarkable of Airy's researches was his determination of the
364:
From the age of 13, Airy stayed frequently with his uncle, Arthur Biddell at
3974:
3617:
3477:
2947:
2891:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 445–447.
2034:
1437:
1254:
1108:
932:
894:
770:
719:
651:
632:
478:
458:
409:
314:
214:
102:
2513:
2293:"Calculation and Tabulation in the Nineteenth Century: Airy versus Babbage"
2150:
2117:
1770:
1484:
1394:
On Sound and Atmospheric Vibrations with the Mathematical Elements of Music
1282:
On sound and atmospheric vibrations with the mathematical elements of music
814:
La Haute Amirauté de sa Majesté la Reine de la Grande Bretagne et d'Irlande
627:
17:
646:. So even the most perfect lens can't quite generate a point image at its
583:(strictly a reference ellipsoid, OSGB36) is still used by Great Britain's
532:. In 1826, the idea occurred to him of attacking this problem by means of
2292:
1125:
The Airys' eldest daughter, Hilda (1840–1916), married the mathematician
1119:
940:
936:
871:
had suggested that he had made similar predictions, on 9 July Airy urged
764:
545:
533:
354:
338:
2906:"SIR GEORGE AIRY (1801–1891) (Obituary Notice, Tuesday, 5 January 1892)"
2020:
1423:
1204:
of that planet, as does the location of Airy's 1850 telescope for Earth.
1196:
is named for him. Within that crater lies another smaller crater called
902:
792:
the theory and for the improvement of the tables of the moon's motion.
612:
498:
490:
369:
330:
83:
3226:
Gallica: bibliothèque numérique de la Bibliothèque nationale de France
2775:
Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature
2182:
1476:
867:
were due to a so-far unobserved body. Aware that Cambridge Astronomer
2692:
2267:
1953:
1197:
864:
608:
572:
537:
353:
and became farmers. Airy was educated first at elementary schools in
303:
3902:
1323:, to which, in the second edition of 1828, were added tracts on the
984:, can be used to find solutions to many two-dimensional problems in
3218:
Mathematical Tracts on the Lunar and Planetary Theories 4th edition
1662:
Sir George Biddell Airy KCB. Leaflet available from Playford church
1468:
505:
on the progress of astronomy during the 19th century, and his work
2868:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1287:
1276:
1243:
1075:
1011:
1003:
863:
over the latter's prediction that irregularities in the motion of
834:
769:
697:
626:
512:
508:
435:
385:
306:
4711:
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
1146:
Airy retired in 1881, living with his two unmarried daughters at
1088:
The Airys had nine children, the first three of whom died young.
927:, vol. xxxiv, No. 3. It consisted essentially in the adoption of
2912:. Vol. V (1891–1892). London: Macmillan and Co. pp. 178–182
859:
In June 1846, Airy started corresponding with French astronomer
743:
544:
in Cornwall, failed in consequence of an accident to one of the
4076:
3906:
3706:
3289:
650:, but instead there is a bright central pattern now called the
286:; 27 July 1801 – 2 January 1892) was an English
4806:
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
2320:
Hoskin, M (1989). "Astronomers at War: South v. Sheepshanks".
275:
36:
4766:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
487:
On the Diffraction of an Object-Glass with Circular Aperture,
2718:
Mapping Mars: Science, Imagination, and the Birth of a World
1354:
Popular Astronomy: A Series of Lectures Delivered at Ipswich
742:
was erected, designed by Airy to enable observations of the
619:
was awarded to him in 1833 (he would win it again in 1846).
4841:
Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
4836:
Plumian Professors of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy
795:
For this work Airy received in 1848 a testimonial from the
278:
3223:
Full texts of some of the papers by Airy are available at
1653:
Autobiography of Sir George Biddel Airy (see Google books)
827:
in 1984, which runs approximately 102 metres to the east.
968:
In 1862, Airy presented a new technique to determine the
302:
from 1835 to 1881. His many achievements include work on
3225:
2527:
Fuller, A. T. (2004). "Routh, Edward John (1831–1907)".
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1383:
An Elementary Treatise on Partial Differential Equations
1118:(1838–1903) was a doctor, and a pioneer in the study of
702:
Airy's Transit Circle in the Transit Circle Room of the
1869:
Satterthwaite, Gilbert E. (2006). "Airy's Altazimuth".
706:; for a hundred years from 1884 to 1984, it marked the
4731:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
2058:
Hutchins, R. (2004). "Adams, John Couch (1819–1892)".
1029:
to give evidence before the Official Inquiry into the
507:
On an Inequality of Long Period in the Motions of the
2910:
Eminent Persons: Biographies reprinted from The Times
2223:
Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph
763:
work in 1868 and of the photographic registration of
738:
and organised a new magnetic observatory. In 1847 an
4716:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1041:
Airy was described in his obituary published by the
4622:
4443:
4304:
4213:
4114:
3233:"Archival material relating to George Biddell Airy"
2365:Chapman, Allan (January 1998). "The Female Touch".
1855:
Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
562:accepted value for Earth's density is 5.5153 g/cm.
540:. His first attempt, made in the same year, at the
313:and, in his role as Astronomer Royal, establishing
272:
238:
224:
210:
155:
140:
130:
120:
110:
91:
69:
34:
4776:People educated at Colchester Royal Grammar School
4736:Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2715:
489:and his enunciation of the complete theory of the
3007:Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers
2978:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2807:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.
1904:Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude
924:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
461:in the establishment when he took charge was the
4771:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1986:(2006). "Airy, Sir George Biddell (1801–1892)".
1693:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1135:The Airys youngest child was Osmund (1845–1929).
1092:Elizabeth Airy (born 1833) died of consumption (
917:In 1872 Airy conceived the idea of treating the
473:presented the Cambridge observatory with a fine
27:English mathematician and astronomer (1801–1892)
2138:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1759:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1107:Observatory. Wilfrid's daughter was the artist
4816:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
426:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
4088:
3918:
3718:
3301:
2464:
2462:
2200:. London: NPI Media Group. pp. 115–116.
1906:. Oxford University Press. pp. 138–151.
8:
4791:Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society
2533:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2394:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
2064:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2022:The Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy
2019:Airy, George Biddell; Wilfrid, Airy (1896).
1992:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1502:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
1425:The Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy
1422:Airy, George Biddell; Wilfrid, Airy (1896).
1238:is the linear theory for the propagation of
1122:. Airy himself suffered from this condition.
617:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
536:experiments at the top and bottom of a deep
376:, the slave trade abolitionist who lived at
4751:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
4741:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
4095:
4081:
4073:
3925:
3911:
3903:
3725:
3711:
3703:
3308:
3294:
3286:
3248:
3241:
3147:
2097:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
1843:, Richard Griffin & Co., 1828, p. 491.
424:. In 1859 he became foreign member of the
58:
31:
2997:
2477:. University of Cambridge. Archived from
2443:. University of Cambridge. Archived from
2149:
2134:"On the Strains in the Interior of Beams"
2116:
1952:
1315:Mathematical Tracts on Physical Astronomy
1266:Institution of Engineering and Technology
799:, and it at once led to the discovery by
3191:Awarding of RAS gold medal, 1846: MNRAS
3182:Awarding of RAS gold medal, 1833: MNRAS
2616:"LIST OF PRESIDENTS AND DATES OF OFFICE"
1016:The original Tay Bridge after collapsing
372:. Biddell introduced Airy to his friend
4756:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
3252:Professional and academic associations
3130:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
2695:. University of New Brunswick Libraries
2647:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2642:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A"
2581:"What would goods and services costing"
2530:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2061:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1989:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1740:
1711:
1637:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1613:
1601:
1581:
1565:List of presidents of the Royal Society
980:. This technique, sometimes called the
631:Computer-generated image simulating an
4786:People from Suffolk Coastal (district)
2025:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1428:. Cambridge University Press. p.
897:, in 1871 Airy looked for a change in
4726:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
3173:Works by or about George Biddell Airy
3093:"Sketch of George Biddell Airy"
2673:. USGS: Astrogeology Research Program
2471:"Founding of Orwell Park Observatory"
1691:"Sir George Biddell Airy (1801–1892)"
1184:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
420:and in 1840, a foreign member of the
7:
4701:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
2974:"Obituary – Sir George Biddell Airy"
2667:"Mars Nomenclature: Crater, craters"
2323:Journal for the History of Astronomy
1881:Society for the History of Astronomy
2803:Waves in oceanic and coastal waters
2772:Cocks, E. E.; Cocks, J. C. (1995).
2671:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
931:'s final numerical expressions for
839:George Biddell Airy caricatured by
4761:Members of the Royal Irish Academy
4746:Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
3734:Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
2722:. New York: Picador USA. pp.
2225:. London: Imperial College Press.
1785:"WGS84 and the Greenwich Meridian"
1008:Original Tay Bridge from the north
615:. In recognition of this work the
298:from 1826 to 1828 and the seventh
25:
3145:National Portrait Gallery, London
2414:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2003.01.03
1812:. Ordnance Survey. Archived from
1673:"Airy, George Biddell (ARY819GB)"
1522:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2003.01.02
642:of optical devices is limited by
422:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
398:Lucasian professor of mathematics
296:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
4696:19th-century British astronomers
4055:
4044:
4043:
3141:Portraits of George Biddell Airy
3073:
3053:"Notes and Obituary Notes"
2937:Proceedings of the Royal Society
2861:
2400:(1). James Cook University: 27.
1837:Herschel, J. F. W., "Light," in
1508:(1). James Cook University: 13.
714:In June 1835 Airy was appointed
268:
4811:Recipients of the Lalande Prize
4796:Presidents of the Royal Society
1929:"The Prime Meridian Conference"
1807:"A Guide to Coordinate Systems"
1182:Foreign Honorary Member of the
819:In 1851 Airy established a new
455:Cambridge Philosophical Society
359:Colchester Royal Grammar School
125:Colchester Royal Grammar School
4801:Recipients of the Copley Medal
3610:Jacques Charles François Sturm
3268:President of the Royal Society
2167:"Bearing Pressures and Cracks"
1787:. Royal Observatory, Greenwich
1457:The Journal of British Studies
1292:Memorial in St Mary's Playford
1220:American Philosophical Society
1:
3546:Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana
2920:– via Internet Archive.
2569:. 18 June 1872. p. 2801.
677:pointed out that the lack of
4721:Fellows of the Royal Society
4005:Richard van der Riet Woolley
3155:Works by George Biddell Airy
2799:Holthuijsen, Leo H. (2007).
2622:. Royal Astronomical Society
2547:UK public library membership
2437:"G B Airy's Country Retreat"
2171:Journal of Applied Mechanics
2078:UK public library membership
2006:UK public library membership
1543:British History – Victorians
3062:. Vol. 40. April 1892.
2165:Westergaard, H. M. (1939).
1677:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1218:Elected as a member of the
1200:whose location defines the
982:Airy stress function method
746:to be made not only on the
704:Royal Greenwich Observatory
418:Fellow of the Royal Society
416:. In 1836 he was elected a
64:George Biddell Airy in 1891
4857:
4049:Category:Astronomers Royal
3205:"Airy, George (1801–1892)"
2620:A brief history of the RAS
2469:Goward, Kenneth J (2006).
2344:10.1177/002182868902000304
2046:edward maunder astronomer.
1872:The Antiquarian Astronomer
1679:. University of Cambridge.
1449:edward maunder astronomer.
1365:A Treatise on Trigonometry
1330:Undulatory Theory of Light
1213:French Academy of Sciences
1173:Royal Astronomical Society
886:
852:
797:Royal Astronomical Society
675:Giovanni Battista Riccioli
447:Philosophical Transactions
382:Trinity College, Cambridge
229:Trinity College, Cambridge
135:Trinity College, Cambridge
4508:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
4492:Charles Scott Sherrington
4038:
3940:
3740:
3324:
3274:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3102:. Vol. 3. May 1873.
3029:Astronomische Nachrichten
2502:J R Coll Physicians Edinb
1539:"The Airy Transit Circle"
1171:Elected president of the
530:mean density of the Earth
524:Mean density of the Earth
248:
203:
86:, Northumberland, England
57:
4548:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
3220:(London, McMillan, 1858)
3201:Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang
3135:University of St Andrews
2955:East Anglian Daily Times
2879:Airy, Sir George Biddell
2300:Doron Swade's PhD Thesis
1642:University of St Andrews
1101:"Colonel" George Tomline
1080:George Biddell Airy (by
412:and director of the new
4369:Benjamin Collins Brodie
4345:Marquess of Northampton
3574:Antoine César Becquerel
3402:Benjamin Collins Brodie
3099:Popular Science Monthly
3059:Popular Science Monthly
2888:Encyclopædia Britannica
2833:"Honorary Fellows list"
2714:Morton, Oliver (2002).
1927:Ellis, William (1884).
1537:Winterburn, E. (2002).
1405:A Treatise on Magnetism
1264:Honorary Fellow of the
1211:for astronomy from the
929:Charles-Eugène Delaunay
825:IERS Reference Meridian
317:as the location of the
255:Sir George Biddell Airy
4313:William Hyde Wollaston
3338:William Hyde Wollaston
2999:10.1093/mnras/52.4.212
2875:Rambaut, Arthur Alcock
2539:10.1093/ref:odnb/35850
2475:Institute of Astronomy
2441:Institute of Astronomy
2221:Ronalds, B.F. (2016).
2151:10.1098/rstl.1863.0004
2118:10.1098/rspl.1871.0011
1771:10.1098/rstl.1856.0015
1293:
1285:
1085:
1017:
1009:
964:Stress function method
907:aether drag hypothesis
877:Johann Gottfried Galle
850:
775:
711:
635:
601:differential equations
591:Planetary inequalities
471:Duke of Northumberland
441:
4417:George Gabriel Stokes
3578:John Frederic Daniell
3450:Hans Christian Ørsted
3410:William Thomas Brande
3164:Works by Wilfrid Airy
3125:"George Biddell Airy"
2693:"George Biddell Airy"
2435:Goward, K.J. (2005).
1902:Howse, Derek (1980).
1632:"George Biddell Airy"
1291:
1280:
1079:
1026:North British Railway
1015:
1007:
959:Engineering mechanics
893:Using a water-filled
838:
773:
728:Lord of the Admiralty
701:
630:
439:
414:Cambridge Observatory
4401:William Spottiswoode
4393:Joseph Dalton Hooker
4246:Earl of Macclesfield
4017:Francis Graham-Smith
3999:Harold Spencer Jones
3690:Peter Andreas Hansen
3586:Carl Friedrich Gauss
3562:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
3538:Siméon Denis Poisson
3370:Thomas Andrew Knight
3278:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3237:UK National Archives
3121:Robertson, Edmund F.
3018:Astronomical Journal
2778:. Tudor Publishers.
2752:search.amphilsoc.org
2748:"APS Member History"
2585:Inflation Calculator
2196:Lewis, P.R. (2004).
2132:Airy, G. B. (1863).
2091:Airy, G. B. (1871).
2070:10.1093/ref:odnb/123
1998:10.1093/ref:odnb/251
1859:, 1835, pp. 283–291.
1753:Airy, G. B. (1856).
1628:Robertson, Edmund F.
1389:at Internet Archive)
1343:at Internet Archive)
1242:on the surface of a
1232:named in his honour.
855:Discovery of Neptune
801:Peter Andreas Hansen
501:, his report to the
357:, and afterwards at
4821:Royal Medal winners
4781:People from Alnwick
4516:William Henry Bragg
4409:Thomas Henry Huxley
4385:George Biddell Airy
3981:George Biddell Airy
3817:George Biddell Airy
3769:Nicholas Saunderson
3634:Jean-Baptiste Dumas
3554:William Snow Harris
3526:George Biddell Airy
3119:O'Connor, John J.;
3080:George Biddell Airy
2990:1892MNRAS..52..212.
2481:on 15 November 2007
2406:2003JAHH....6...27C
2379:1998AsNow..12...43C
2336:1989JHA....20..175H
2260:2016Wthr...71..131R
2109:1871RSPS...20...35A
1945:1884Natur..31....7E
1889:2006AntAs...3...83S
1714:, pp. 445–446.
1626:O'Connor, John J.;
1514:2003JAHH....6...13S
1031:Tay Bridge disaster
1000:Tay Bridge disaster
889:Luminiferous aether
667:giant star argument
503:British Association
453:, and eight to the
440:George Biddell Airy
392:and obtained first
41:George Biddell Airy
4655:Venki Ramakrishnan
4604:Sir Michael Atiyah
4572:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
4524:Henry Hallett Dale
4123:Viscount Brouncker
3993:Frank Watson Dyson
3682:Roderick Murchison
3078:Works by or about
3013:(1891–92), 391–394
2904:Anonymous (1896).
2566:The London Gazette
2103:(130–138): 35–39.
1294:
1286:
1166:Legacy and honours
1114:George Airy's son
1086:
1018:
1010:
994:fracture mechanics
899:stellar aberration
851:
831:Search for Neptune
812:were dedicated to
776:
712:
636:
463:transit instrument
442:
4706:Astronomers Royal
4673:
4672:
4500:Ernest Rutherford
4131:Joseph Williamson
4070:
4069:
4023:Arnold Wolfendale
3934:Astronomers Royal
3900:
3899:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3700:
3699:
3658:Urbain Le Verrier
3606:Justus von Liebig
3317:Copley Medallists
3284:
3283:
3275:Succeeded by
3168:Project Gutenberg
3159:Project Gutenberg
2984:: 212–229. 1892.
2961:Suffolk Chronicle
2957:, 11 January 1892
2818:978-0-521-86028-4
2587:. Bank of England
2545:(Subscription or
2232:978-1-78326-917-4
2183:10.1115/1.4008919
2076:(Subscription or
2004:(Subscription or
1153:Playford, Suffolk
1143:on 17 June 1872.
905:water due to the
861:Urbain Le Verrier
810:Tables de la Lune
718:in succession to
406:Plumian professor
400:in succession to
347:English Civil War
329:Airy was born at
294:, as well as the
252:
251:
239:Academic advisors
205:Scientific career
164:
105:, London, England
16:(Redirected from
4848:
4826:Senior Wranglers
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4564:Patrick Blackett
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4468:Archibald Geikie
4463:
4455:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4187:Robert Southwell
4182:
4179:Earl of Pembroke
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4139:Christopher Wren
4134:
4126:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4074:
4061:Portal:Astronomy
4059:
4047:
4046:
3987:William Christie
3927:
3920:
3913:
3904:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3801:Robert Woodhouse
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3704:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3674:John Couch Adams
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3626:James MacCullagh
3621:
3613:
3601:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3529:
3521:
3509:
3501:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3470:William Buckland
3465:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3394:Edward Troughton
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3354:Smithson Tennant
3349:
3346:Richard Chenevix
3341:
3333:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3257:Preceded by
3249:
3245:
3240:
3214:
3177:Internet Archive
3151:
3137:
3115:
3095:
3077:
3063:
3055:
3003:
3001:
2969:, 5 January 1892
2963:, 9 January 1892
2951:, 5 January 1892
2921:
2919:
2917:
2892:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2721:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2447:on 7 August 2007
2432:
2426:
2425:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2268:10.1002/wea.2739
2243:
2237:
2236:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1954:10.1038/031007c0
1924:
1918:
1917:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1866:
1860:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1589:
1586:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1533:
1496:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1411:at Google Books)
1371:at Google Books)
1325:Planetary Theory
1236:Airy wave theory
1225:There is also a
869:John Couch Adams
716:Astronomer Royal
694:Astronomer Royal
688:hypergiant stars
679:stellar parallax
559:specific density
300:Astronomer Royal
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
265:
199:
192:
185:
178:
171:
162:
146:Astronomer Royal
98:
79:
77:
62:
52:
32:
21:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4532:Robert Robinson
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4476:William Crookes
4474:
4466:
4458:
4452:William Huggins
4450:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4361:Lord Wrottesley
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4209:
4201:
4195:Charles Montagu
4193:
4185:
4177:
4171:Earl of Carbery
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4110:
4101:
4071:
4066:
4034:
3969:Nevil Maskelyne
3963:Nathaniel Bliss
3936:
3931:
3901:
3896:
3873:Stephen Hawking
3865:James Lighthill
3825:Charles Babbage
3761:William Whiston
3736:
3731:
3701:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3650:Theodor Schwann
3648:
3642:Carlo Matteucci
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3604:
3596:
3590:Michael Faraday
3584:
3572:
3566:Francis Kiernan
3560:
3552:
3544:
3534:Michael Faraday
3532:
3524:
3512:
3504:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3456:
3448:
3442:Robert Seppings
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3314:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3231:
3199:
3118:
3090:
3070:
3050:
3040:The Observatory
2972:
2929:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2903:
2899:
2897:Further reading
2873:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2039:
2037:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1851:
1847:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1819:on 4 April 2016
1816:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1561:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1499:
1454:
1442:
1440:
1421:
1418:
1299:
1275:
1168:
1067:
1055:Charles Babbage
1051:Kew Observatory
1047:Francis Ronalds
1039:
1002:
986:solid mechanics
976:field within a
966:
961:
915:
891:
885:
883:Ether drag test
857:
833:
806:king of Denmark
789:Nevil Maskelyne
785:Nathaniel Bliss
696:
625:
593:
585:Ordnance Survey
568:
566:Reference geoid
526:
434:
390:senior wrangler
374:Thomas Clarkson
327:
311:solid mechanics
271:
267:
257:
231:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
148:
131:Alma mater
106:
100:
96:
87:
81:
75:
73:
65:
53:
44:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4647:Sir Paul Nurse
4643:
4635:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:Sir Aaron Klug
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4337:Duke of Sussex
4333:
4329:Davies Gilbert
4325:
4317:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4254:Earl of Morton
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3945:John Flamsteed
3941:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3602:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3530:
3522:
3510:
3502:
3494:François Arago
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3426:David Brewster
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3229:
3221:
3215:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3138:
3116:
3087:
3086:
3069:
3068:External links
3066:
3065:
3064:
3047:
3036:
3025:
3014:
3004:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2883:Chisholm, Hugh
2856:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2837:www.theiet.org
2824:
2817:
2791:
2784:
2764:
2739:
2732:
2706:
2684:
2658:
2633:
2607:
2598:
2572:
2552:
2519:
2508:(3): 263–267.
2492:
2458:
2427:
2384:
2357:
2330:(3): 175–212.
2312:
2281:
2254:(6): 131–134.
2238:
2231:
2213:
2206:
2188:
2157:
2124:
2083:
2050:
2011:
1984:Chapman, Allan
1968:
1919:
1912:
1894:
1861:
1845:
1830:
1798:
1776:
1745:
1743:, p. 446.
1716:
1704:
1682:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1618:
1616:, p. 445.
1600:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1534:
1497:
1469:10.1086/385492
1452:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1372:
1361:
1360:at Wikisource)
1350:
1344:
1333:
1317:
1298:
1295:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1251:Airy functions
1247:
1233:
1223:
1216:
1207:winner of the
1205:
1202:prime meridian
1191:Martian crater
1187:
1180:
1167:
1164:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1123:
1112:
1097:
1066:
1063:
1038:
1035:
1001:
998:
965:
962:
960:
957:
914:
911:
887:Main article:
884:
881:
853:Main article:
832:
829:
821:Prime Meridian
708:Prime meridian
695:
692:
624:
621:
592:
589:
567:
564:
525:
522:
493:. In 1831 the
433:
430:
335:Northumberland
326:
323:
319:prime meridian
250:
249:
246:
245:
243:George Peacock
240:
236:
235:
226:
222:
221:
212:
208:
207:
201:
200:
174:RAS Gold Medal
157:
153:
152:
142:
141:Known for
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
101:
99:(aged 90)
95:2 January 1892
93:
89:
88:
82:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
43:
40:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4853:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4596:George Porter
4593:
4589:
4588:Andrew Huxley
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4556:Howard Florey
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4484:J. J. Thomson
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:Lord Rayleigh
4457:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4434:
4433:Joseph Lister
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4377:Edward Sabine
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4353:Earl of Rosse
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4238:Martin Folkes
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4108:Royal Society
4105:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:James Bradley
3955:
3952:
3951:Edmond Halley
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3890:
3889:Michael Cates
3887:
3882:
3881:Michael Green
3879:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3849:Joseph Larmor
3847:
3842:
3841:George Stokes
3839:
3834:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3810:
3809:Thomas Turton
3807:
3802:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3785:Edward Waring
3783:
3778:
3775:
3770:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3666:John Herschel
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:William Prout
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3486:John Brinkley
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3462:John Herschel
3459:
3458:Edward Sabine
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3386:William Henry
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:Astley Cooper
3327:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3260:Edward Sabine
3255:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3049:Obituary in:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:(1892), i–xii
2942:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2870:public domain
2859:
2858:
2854:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2785:0-936389-27-3
2781:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2765:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2733:0-312-24551-3
2729:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2707:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:Astronomy Now
2361:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2207:0-7524-3160-9
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:(784): 7–10.
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1913:0-19-215948-8
1909:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1585:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:gravity waves
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:Lalande Prize
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:Francis Baily
1174:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1160:Patrick Moore
1156:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Royal Society
1036:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1006:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
958:
956:
952:
950:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
925:
920:
912:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
882:
880:
878:
874:
873:James Challis
870:
866:
862:
856:
848:
847:
842:
837:
830:
828:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
802:
798:
793:
790:
786:
782:
781:James Bradley
772:
768:
766:
762:
761:spectroscopic
757:
753:
752:zenith sector
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:Lord Auckland
721:
717:
709:
705:
700:
693:
691:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
656:John Herschel
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
629:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
565:
563:
560:
555:
554:South Shields
551:
547:
543:
542:Dolcoath mine
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
517:
515:
514:
510:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Royal Society
448:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:Thomas Turton
399:
395:
394:Smith's Prize
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Playford Hall
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:mathematician
283:
264:
260:
256:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
233:Royal Society
230:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
206:
202:
196:
189:
182:
181:Lalande Prize
175:
168:
161:
160:Smith's Prize
158:
154:
151:
150:See full list
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
104:
94:
90:
85:
72:
68:
61:
56:
51:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4663:Adrian Smith
4623:21st century
4444:20th century
4384:
4321:Humphry Davy
4305:19th century
4294:Joseph Banks
4286:John Pringle
4278:James Burrow
4262:James Burrow
4222:Isaac Newton
4214:18th century
4163:Samuel Pepys
4147:John Hoskyns
4115:17th century
4054:
4042:
3980:
3816:
3793:Isaac Milner
3753:Isaac Newton
3745:Isaac Barrow
3598:Robert Brown
3525:
3518:Henry Foster
3498:Peter Barlow
3378:Everard Home
3362:Humphry Davy
3265:
3224:
3210:ScienceWorld
3208:
3192:
3183:
3128:
3110:– via
3097:
3057:
3042:
3039:
3034:(1892) 33/34
3031:
3028:
3020:
3017:
3010:
3006:
2981:
2977:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2914:. Retrieved
2909:
2886:
2840:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2802:
2794:
2774:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2751:
2742:
2717:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2636:
2626:10 September
2624:. Retrieved
2619:
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2584:
2575:
2564:
2555:
2528:
2522:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2479:the original
2474:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:the original
2440:
2430:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2373:(1): 43–47.
2370:
2366:
2360:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2299:
2290:Swade, D. D.
2284:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2222:
2216:
2197:
2191:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2059:
2053:
2045:
2038:. Retrieved
2021:
2014:
1987:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1903:
1897:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1779:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1741:Rambaut 1911
1712:Rambaut 1911
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1635:
1621:
1614:Rambaut 1911
1584:
1547:. Retrieved
1542:
1505:
1501:
1463:(1): 65–88.
1460:
1456:
1448:
1441:. Retrieved
1424:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1375:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1281:
1273:Bibliography
1227:lunar crater
1157:
1148:Croom's Hill
1145:
1138:
1127:Edward Routh
1094:tuberculosis
1087:
1082:John Collier
1068:
1065:Private life
1040:
1022:Thomas Bouch
1019:
967:
953:
945:
922:
919:lunar theory
916:
913:Lunar theory
901:through the
892:
858:
844:
818:
813:
809:
794:
777:
756:focal length
726:, the first
713:
660:
637:
605:Phil. Trans.
604:
594:
580:
569:
527:
518:
506:
495:Copley Medal
486:
483:
475:object-glass
467:mural circle
446:
443:
363:
351:Lincolnshire
328:
254:
253:
225:Institutions
204:
195:Albert Medal
177:(1833, 1846)
167:Copley Medal
97:(1892-01-02)
80:27 July 1801
29:
4831:Airy family
4691:1892 deaths
4686:1801 births
4540:Lord Adrian
4425:Lord Kelvin
4230:Hans Sloane
4203:Lord Somers
4155:Cyril Wyche
4029:Martin Rees
4011:Martin Ryle
3833:Joshua King
3777:John Colson
3506:James South
3434:Henry Kater
3418:James Ivory
3319:(1801–1850)
2967:Daily Times
2561:"No. 23868"
2485:16 December
2451:9 September
2040:24 February
1765:: 343–355.
1549:9 September
1443:24 February
1259:Airy points
1116:Hubert Airy
1105:Orwell Park
1059:James South
1037:Controversy
990:Wikiversity
846:Vanity Fair
732:Sheepshanks
671:Tycho Brahe
663:geocentrism
644:diffraction
349:, moved to
343:Westmorland
219:mathematics
188:Royal Medal
111:Nationality
18:George Airy
4680:Categories
4270:James West
4104:Presidents
3857:Paul Dirac
3272:1871–1878
3186:(1833) 159
3112:Wikisource
3084:Wikisource
2927:Obituaries
2699:6 November
2549:required.)
2080:required.)
2008:required.)
1571:References
1416:About Airy
1096:) in 1852.
1071:Derbyshire
903:refracting
740:altazimuth
736:equatorial
684:supergiant
640:resolution
581:Airy geoid
292:astronomer
76:1801-07-27
4639:Lord Rees
4580:Lord Todd
3975:John Pond
3618:Georg Ohm
3478:John Pond
3195:(1846) 64
3108:0161-7370
3045:(1892) 73
3023:(1892) 96
2948:The Times
2877:(1911). "
2842:5 January
2677:16 August
2422:162033494
2352:122410786
2276:123788388
2177:: 49–53.
2144:: 49–80.
1883:: 83–94.
1596:Citations
1530:117043816
1409:Full text
1400:at MPIWG)
1398:Full text
1387:Full text
1369:Full text
1358:Full text
1341:Full text
1255:Airy disc
1139:Airy was
1109:Anna Airy
933:longitude
895:telescope
767:in 1873.
720:John Pond
652:Airy disk
633:Airy Disk
623:Airy disk
609:planetary
552:pit near
546:pendulums
481:in 1835.
479:Greenwich
459:telescope
410:astronomy
325:Biography
315:Greenwich
304:planetary
215:Astronomy
121:Education
103:Greenwich
4631:Lord May
2933:E. J. R.
2591:21 March
2514:20608346
2035:13130558
1857:, Vol. 5
1559:See also
1493:42948903
1485:19588590
1438:13130558
1352:(1848 )
1327:and the
1222:in 1879.
1141:knighted
1129:in 1864.
1120:migraine
1057:and Sir
1024:for the
949:computer
941:parallax
937:latitude
849:Nov 1875
765:sunspots
748:meridian
597:Delambre
534:pendulum
432:Research
366:Playford
355:Hereford
339:Kentmere
144:Seventh
4106:of the
3203:(ed.).
3175:at the
3143:at the
2986:Bibcode
2916:8 March
2885:(ed.).
2872::
2855:Sources
2651:6 April
2402:Bibcode
2375:Bibcode
2332:Bibcode
2305:22 June
2256:Bibcode
2248:Weather
2105:Bibcode
1963:4108225
1941:Bibcode
1885:Bibcode
1697:19 July
1510:Bibcode
1403:(1870)
1392:(1868)
1381:(1866)
1374:(1861)
1363:(1855)
1346:(1839)
1335:(1834)
1319:(1828)
1313:(1826)
1297:By Airy
1084:, 1883)
804:of the
613:gravity
499:Jupiter
491:rainbow
449:of the
370:Suffolk
331:Alnwick
115:British
84:Alnwick
4665:(2020)
4657:(2015)
4649:(2010)
4641:(2005)
4633:(2000)
4614:(1995)
4606:(1990)
4598:(1985)
4590:(1980)
4582:(1975)
4574:(1970)
4566:(1965)
4558:(1960)
4550:(1955)
4542:(1950)
4534:(1945)
4526:(1940)
4518:(1935)
4510:(1930)
4502:(1925)
4494:(1920)
4486:(1915)
4478:(1913)
4470:(1908)
4462:(1905)
4454:(1900)
4435:(1895)
4427:(1890)
4419:(1885)
4411:(1883)
4403:(1878)
4395:(1873)
4387:(1871)
4379:(1861)
4371:(1858)
4363:(1854)
4355:(1848)
4347:(1838)
4339:(1830)
4331:(1827)
4323:(1820)
4315:(1820)
4296:(1778)
4288:(1772)
4280:(1772)
4272:(1768)
4264:(1768)
4256:(1764)
4248:(1752)
4240:(1741)
4232:(1727)
4224:(1703)
4205:(1698)
4197:(1695)
4189:(1690)
4181:(1689)
4173:(1686)
4165:(1684)
4157:(1683)
4149:(1682)
4141:(1680)
4133:(1677)
4125:(1662)
4031:(1995)
4025:(1991)
4019:(1982)
4013:(1972)
4007:(1956)
4001:(1933)
3995:(1910)
3989:(1881)
3983:(1835)
3977:(1811)
3971:(1765)
3965:(1762)
3959:(1742)
3953:(1720)
3947:(1675)
3892:(2015)
3884:(2009)
3876:(1979)
3868:(1969)
3860:(1932)
3852:(1903)
3844:(1849)
3836:(1839)
3828:(1828)
3820:(1826)
3812:(1822)
3804:(1820)
3796:(1798)
3788:(1760)
3780:(1739)
3772:(1711)
3764:(1702)
3756:(1669)
3748:(1664)
3692:(1850)
3684:(1849)
3676:(1848)
3668:(1847)
3660:(1846)
3652:(1845)
3644:(1844)
3636:(1843)
3628:(1842)
3620:(1841)
3612:(1840)
3600:(1839)
3592:(1838)
3580:(1837)
3568:(1836)
3556:(1835)
3548:(1834)
3540:(1832)
3528:(1831)
3520:(1827)
3508:(1826)
3500:(1825)
3488:(1824)
3480:(1823)
3472:(1822)
3464:(1821)
3452:(1820)
3444:(1818)
3436:(1817)
3428:(1815)
3420:(1814)
3412:(1813)
3404:(1811)
3396:(1809)
3388:(1808)
3380:(1807)
3372:(1806)
3364:(1805)
3356:(1804)
3348:(1803)
3340:(1802)
3332:(1801)
3106:
2881:". In
2866:
2815:
2782:
2757:12 May
2730:
2543:
2512:
2420:
2350:
2274:
2229:
2204:
2074:
2033:
2002:
1961:
1933:Nature
1910:
1528:
1491:
1483:
1477:175122
1475:
1436:
1284:, 1871
1215:, 1834
1198:Airy-0
1186:(1832)
974:stress
970:strain
939:, and
865:Uranus
665:: the
579:) his
573:GRS 80
550:Harton
307:orbits
211:Fields
198:(1876)
191:(1845)
184:(1834)
170:(1831)
163:(1823)
156:Awards
3266:31st
2726:–23.
2645:(PDF)
2418:S2CID
2348:S2CID
2296:(PDF)
2272:S2CID
1959:S2CID
1823:9 May
1817:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
1791:9 May
1576:Notes
1545:. BBC
1526:S2CID
1489:S2CID
1473:JSTOR
1244:fluid
988:(see
648:focus
577:WGS84
513:Venus
509:Earth
386:sizar
341:, in
261:
48:
3104:ISSN
2918:2019
2844:2022
2813:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2759:2021
2728:ISBN
2701:2017
2679:2007
2653:2011
2628:2012
2593:2022
2510:PMID
2487:2007
2453:2007
2307:2016
2227:ISBN
2202:ISBN
2042:2008
2031:OCLC
1908:ISBN
1825:2014
1793:2014
1699:2015
1551:2007
1481:PMID
1445:2008
1434:OCLC
1257:and
1249:The
1230:Airy
1194:Airy
1189:The
1158:Sir
978:beam
972:and
744:moon
673:and
638:The
575:and
538:mine
511:and
290:and
92:Died
70:Born
3166:at
3157:at
3082:at
3032:129
3011:108
2994:doi
2809:106
2535:doi
2410:doi
2340:doi
2264:doi
2179:doi
2146:doi
2142:153
2113:doi
2066:doi
2027:342
1994:doi
1949:doi
1767:doi
1763:146
1518:doi
1465:doi
1430:342
1103:'s
951:".
843:in
841:Ape
686:or
408:of
333:in
276:ɛər
263:FRS
259:KCB
50:FRS
46:KCB
37:Sir
4682::
3608:/
3588:/
3576:/
3564:/
3536:/
3516:/
3496:/
3460:/
3235:.
3207:.
3133:,
3127:,
3123:,
3096:.
3056:.
3043:15
3021:11
3009:,
2992:.
2982:52
2980:.
2976:.
2941:51
2939:,
2935:,
2908:.
2835:.
2811:.
2750:.
2724:22
2669:.
2618:.
2583:.
2563:.
2506:39
2504:.
2473:.
2461:^
2439:.
2416:.
2408:.
2396:.
2371:12
2369:.
2346:.
2338:.
2328:20
2326:.
2298:.
2270:.
2262:.
2252:71
2250:.
2173:.
2169:.
2140:.
2136:.
2111:.
2101:20
2099:.
2095:.
2044:.
2029:.
1971:^
1957:.
1947:.
1937:31
1935:.
1931:.
1879:.
1875:.
1761:.
1757:.
1719:^
1675:.
1640:,
1634:,
1630:,
1604:^
1541:.
1524:.
1516:.
1504:.
1487:.
1479:.
1471:.
1459:.
1447:.
1432:.
1179:).
1061:.
996:.
935:,
816:.
787:,
783:,
734:)
669:.
516:.
428:.
368:,
321:.
217:,
4096:e
4089:t
4082:v
3926:e
3919:t
3912:v
3726:e
3719:t
3712:v
3309:e
3302:t
3295:v
3239:.
3213:.
3193:7
3184:2
3114:.
3002:.
2996::
2988::
2846:.
2821:.
2788:.
2761:.
2736:.
2703:.
2681:.
2655:.
2630:.
2595:.
2541:.
2537::
2516:.
2489:.
2455:.
2424:.
2412::
2404::
2398:6
2381:.
2377::
2354:.
2342::
2334::
2309:.
2278:.
2266::
2258::
2235:.
2210:.
2185:.
2181::
2175:6
2154:.
2148::
2121:.
2115::
2107::
2072:.
2068::
2000:.
1996::
1965:.
1951::
1943::
1916:.
1891:.
1887::
1877:3
1827:.
1795:.
1773:.
1769::
1701:.
1553:.
1532:.
1520::
1512::
1506:6
1495:.
1467::
1461:4
1407:(
1396:(
1385:(
1378:.
1367:(
1356:(
1339:(
1305:.
1268:.
1261:.
1246:.
282:/
279:i
273:ˈ
270:/
266:(
78:)
74:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
