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The phrase "barefoot and pregnant" seems to have been introduced in the early twentieth century by the
American doctor Arthur E. Hertzler from Kansas, who said: "Some vulgar person has said that when the wife is kept barefooted and pregnant there are no divorces." By the mid 20th century, the phrase
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often cite the phrase in a negative, socially critical context. The phrase is used to describe women unable to function as responsible, adult mothers, either by (a) oppression and/or (b) failure by the female to meet developmental challenges and reach adulthood. Author
Shinine Antony wrote a 2002
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is a phrase that pokes fun at chauvinists who want their women barefoot (so that they are unable to socialize) and pregnant (helpless). This follows the general image of society in which women are merely objects."
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bestows a
Barefoot and Pregnant Award "to persons in the community who have done the most to perpetuate outmoded images of women and who have refused to recognize that women are, in fact, human beings."
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ruled that a woman who allegedly overheard her manager using the phrase could take her case to a jury. However, the court also dismissed the remaining claims on
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West
Virginia: “All men living in the nineteenth century. Barefoot and pregnant and in the kitchen just about covers their idea of a woman's role in life”.
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most commonly associated with the idea that women should not work outside the home and should have many children during their reproductive years.
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had passed into common parlance, so much so that an article from 1949 states: "By early 1949,
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The variation "barefoot and pregnant in the kitchen" has been associated with the phrase
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with respect to both discrimination and retaliation against DATCP for lack of evidence.
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was—in the words of its new president, Ralph S. Damon—both 'barefoot and pregnant.'"
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Volovsek v. Wisconsin Dept. of Agric., No. 02-2074 (7th Cir. September 18, 2003)
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This article is about the figure of speech. For the album by The
Dollyrots, see
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National
Organization for Women. Philadelphia Chapter Records, 1968-1977
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not leaving the home, and thus not needing shoes. Indeed, in the
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to describe a woman's role in society. A comparable phrase, "
389:"How "Barefoot and Pregnant" Became a Dark American Joke"
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United States Court of
Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
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A common assumption is that the expression relates to
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310:The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Literature
136:Annually, the Philadelphia chapter of the
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27:Phrase promoting the housewifery of women
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325:The Historical Society of Pennsylvania
251:Women and Family in Contemporary Japan
299:Volovsek v. Wisconsin Dept. of Agric.
124:collection of short stories entitled
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41:Barefoot and pregnant in the kitchen
344:. Vision; Reprint edition. p.
387:Jamieson, Katherine (2022-10-22).
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138:National Organization for Women
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211:Hertzler, Arthur E. (1970) .
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183:Pregnancy discrimination
161:In the futuristic novel
369:Jones, Gwyneth (2002).
336:David Baldacci (2012).
276:Patriarchy in East Asia
154:linked the phrase to a
274:Sechiyama, K. (2013).
214:Horse and Buggy Doctor
80:Good Wife, Wise Mother
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238:Forbes, Vol. 64, 1949
145:Literary associations
130:Barefoot And Pregnant
126:Barefoot and Pregnant
93:Negative connotations
69:Kinder, KĂĽche, Kirche
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32:Barefoot and Pregnant
436:Stereotypes of women
426:Feminism and society
421:Natalist terminology
431:Sexist terminology
103:sex discrimination
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199:References
99:housewives
156:hillbilly
150:Novelist
121:Feminists
340:Zero Day
178:Natalism
172:See also
105:case of
49:" is a
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193:Sexism
188:Purdah
109:, the
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350:ISBN
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