Arthur Evans - Knowledge (XXG)

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her eyes by a hostile police agent. Evans was expelled from the country. Gladstone had been apprised of the situation immediately, but, as far as the public knew, did nothing. The government in Vienna similarly disavowed any knowledge of or connection to the actions of the local authorities. The Evans returned home to rent a house in Oxford, abandoning their villa, which became a hotel. However, Evans's reputation among the Slavs assumed unassailable proportions. He was invited later to play a role in the formation of the pre-Yugoslav state. In 1941 the government of Yugoslavia sent representatives to his funeral.

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concentrate on writing up his Minoan work. In 1912 he refused the opportunity to become president of the Society of Antiquaries, a position which his father had already held. But in 1914 at the age of 63, when he was too old to take part in the War, he took on the presidency of the Antiquaries which carried with it an ex officio appointment as a Trustee of the British Museum and he spent the War successfully fighting the War Office who wanted to commandeer the museum for the Air Board. He thus played a major role in the history of the British Museum as well as in the history of the Ashmolean Museum.

1194:. He took a combative stance in his journalism, criticising the Ottoman Empire for its 'corruption' and the British empire for 'collaborating with the Ottomans.' Many officials of that empire had been Greek. Now they were working with the British to build a Cretan government. Evans accused these officials of being part of "the Turco-British regime". He deplored religiously motivated violence, be it from Muslims or Christians. His critical journalism caused friction with the local administration, and he was forced to call on friends higher up in the government to avoid problems. 434:. They competed for the Natural History Prize; the outcome was a draw. They were both highly athletic, including riding and swimming, and also mountain-climbing, at which Balfour was killed later in life. Evans was near-sighted, but refused to wear glasses. His close-up vision was better than normal, enabling him to see detail missed by others. Farther away his field of vision was blurry and he compensated by carrying a cane, which he called Prodger, to explore the environment. His wit was very sharp, too sharp for the administration, which stopped a periodical he had started, 568:, who had spent some years in Britain, and was a friend of Green. The study would be preparatory to doing research in modern history at Göttingen. The arrangement may have been meant as a remedial plan. On the way to Göttingen, Evans was sidetracked, unpropitiously for the modern history plan, by some illegal excavations at Trier. He had noticed that the tombs were being plundered surreptitiously. For the sake of preserving some artefacts, he hired a crew, performed such hasty excavations as he could, crated the material and sent it home to John. 820: 447: 1119:, to acquire the site. The owners would not sell to individuals, who could not afford it, but they would sell to a fund. Apparently Evans did not bother to explain that he was the only contributor. He bought 1/4 of the site with first option to buy the rest later. The firman was still in deficit. Politics in Crete were taking a violent turn however. Anything might happen. Evans returned to London to wind up his affairs there and make sure the Ashmolean had suitable direction in the event of his further absence. 958:, near Oxford. He wanted to buy 60 acres to build a home for Margaret on the hill. She approved the location, so he convinced his father to put up the money. Then he had the tops of the pines cut, eight feet from the ground, on which he had built a platform and a log cabin to serve as a temporary quarters while the mansion was being built. His intent was to keep her from the cold, damp ground. Apparently she never lived there. They were away again for the winter, Margaret to winter with her sister in 951:

March 1892. Always of precarious health, he had heard that Spain had a salubrious climate. Travelling there to test the hypothesis and perhaps improve his physical condition, he contracted smallpox and was gone in a few days. His oldest daughter did not survive him long. Always of precarious health herself – she is said to have had tuberculosis – she was too weak to prepare her father's papers for publication, so she delegated the task to a family friend, Reverend William Stephens.

1326:. As some of them are now missing, the transcriptions are the only source of the marks on the tablets. He perceived that the scripts were two different and mutually exclusive writing systems, which later he termed into Linear A and Linear B. The A script appeared to have preceded the B. Evans dated the Linear B Chariot Tablets, so called from their depictions of chariots, at Knossos to immediately prior to the catastrophic Minoan civilisation collapse of the 15th century BC. 298: 897:. Already the great frontage building had been erected. Evans took it in the direction of being an archaeology museum. He insisted the artefacts be transferred back to the museum, negotiated for and succeeded in acquiring Fortnum's collections, later gave his father's collections to the museum, and finally, bequeathed his own Minoan collections, not without the intended effect. Today it has the finest Minoan assemblages outside Crete. Evans gave the 755:

walled enclosure ... was finally blown in, and the defenders laid down their arms, understanding, it would appear, that their lives were to be spared. Men, women and children, they were all led forth to the church of St. Sophia, which lies on a hill about half an hour above the village, and then and there dispatched—the men cut to pieces, the women and children shot. A young girl who had fainted, and was left for dead, alone lived to tell the tale.

66: 3379: 1133: 1381: 3123:. Vol. IV Part II: Camp-stool Fresco, long-robed priests and beneficent genii, Chryselephantine Boy-God and ritual hair-offering, Intaglio Types, M.M. III – L. M. II, late hoards of sealings, deposits of inscribed tablets and the palace stores, Linear Script B and its mainland extension, Closing Palatial Phase, Room of Throne and final catastrophe. Archived from 1053: 487:, already in a state of political tension. They crossed borders illegally at high altitudes, "revolvers at the ready." This was Arthur's first encounter with Turkish people and customs. He bought a set of clothes of a wealthy Turkish man, complete with red fez, baggy trousers and embroidered, short-sleeved tunic. His detailed, enthusiastic account was published in 3367: 387:(1853) and Philip Norman (1854), and two sisters, Harriet (1857) and Alice (1858). He would remain on excellent terms with all of them all of his life. He was raised by a stepmother, Fanny (Frances), née Phelps, with whom he also got along very well. She had no children of her own and also predeceased her husband. John's third wife was a classical scholar, 1107:. The Ottoman method of stalling was to require any would-be excavators to buy the site from its native owners first. The owners in turn were coached to charge so much money that none would think it worthwhile to apply in such uncertain circumstances. Even the wealthy Schliemann had given up on the price in 1890 and had gone home to die in that year. 834: 368:, geology and archaeology. His interest in geology came from an assignment by the company to study the diminishing water resources in the area with a view toward protecting the company from lawsuits. The mill consumed large amounts of water, which was also needed for the canals. He became an expert and a legal consultant. John became a distinguished 1072:. Finally he returned to live a hermit-like existence in the cabin he had built for her. The Ashmolean no longer interested him. He complained to Fortnum in a late, childish display of sibling rivalry, that his father had had another child, his half-sister Joan. After a year of grief the mounting tension in Crete began to attract his interest. 691:

mayor, offered the jailer a bribe for food and water, but went into the cell unfed and without water. Meanwhile, the incident came to attention of Dr Makanetz, leader of the National Party of the Croatian Assembly, who happened to be in Brod. The next day he complained to the mayor. Evans and his brother were released with profuse apologies.

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some minor papers, he had also discovered the script on some other jewellery that came to the museum from Myres in Crete. He announced that he had concluded to a Mycenaean hieroglyphic script of about 60 characters. Shortly he wrote to his friend and patron at the Ashmolean, Charles Fortnum, that he was "very restless" and must go to Crete.

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officers insisted and, interrupting the chief at dinner, Evans suggested he should have come to the hotel in person to request the passports. The chief, in a somewhat less than civil manner, won the argument about whether he had the right to check the passports of Englishmen by inviting them to spend the night in a cell.

739:. He also visited the Freemans in Sarajevo whenever he could. A relationship with Freeman's eldest daughter, Margaret, had begun to blossom. In 1878 the Russians compelled a settlement of the conflict on appeal by the Serbs. The Ottomans ceded Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a protectorate. 771:

as an improvement over Ottoman. He wrote: "The people are treated not as a liberated but as a conquered and inferior race...." The Evans's sentiments were followed by acts of personal charity: they took in an orphan, invited a blind woman to dinner every night. Finally Evans wrote some public letters

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They crossed the Sava into Bosnia, which Evans found so different that he regarded the Sava as the border between Europe and Asia. After a number of interviews with Turkish officials who attempted to dissuade them from travel on foot, the passport from the pasha prevailed. They were given an escort –

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built for the purpose near the mill, which came to be called the "red house" because it lacked the sooty patina of the other houses. Harriet called her husband "Jack." Grandmother Evans called Arthur "darling Trot," asserting in a note that, compared to his father, he was "a bit of a dunce." In 1856,

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Evans travelled widely in his reporting. He saw that the Muslim population was now on the decline, some being massacred, and some abandoning the island. One of the episodes he reported on was a massacre at Eteà. The Muslim villagers had been attacked by Christians in the night. They sought refuge in

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Göttingen was not to Evans's liking. His quarters were stuffy, and the topics were of little interest to him, as he had already demonstrated. His letters speak mainly of the discrepancy between the poor peasants of the countryside and the institution of the wealthy in the town. His thinking was of a

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His summertime activities with his brothers and friends were perhaps more important to his subsequent career. Having been given an ample allowance by his father, he went looking for adventure on the continent, seeking out circumstances that might be considered dangerous by some. In June 1871, he and

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stirring up further insurrection. His journalistic sources were not acceptable friendships to the authorities. He spent six weeks in prison awaiting trial, but at the trial nothing definitive could be proved. His wife was interrogated. She found most offensive the reading of her love letters before

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In 1878, Evans proposed to Margaret Freeman, three years his senior, an educated and literate woman, and until now secretary for her father. The offer was accepted, to everyone's great satisfaction. Freeman spoke affectionately of his future son-in-law. The couple were married near the Freeman home

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to try to quell it. Despite subsequent events, there is no evidence that the young Evans might have had ulterior motives at this time, despite the fact that Butler had helped to educate half the government of the United Kingdom. He was simply an adventurous young man bored with poring through books

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Arthur John Evans graduated from Oxford at the age of 24 in 1874, but his career had come near to foundering during the final examinations on modern history. Despite his extensive knowledge of ancient history, classics, archaeology and what would be termed today cultural anthropology, he apparently

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River, they were observed by an officer who saw their sketches and concluded they might be Russian spies. Politely invited by two other officers to join the police chief and produce passports, Evans replied, "Tell him that we are Englishmen and are not accustomed to being treated in this way". The

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had just concluded the month before. Arthur had been told at the French border to remove the dark cape he was wearing so that he would not be shot for a spy. Amiens was occupied by the Prussian army. Arthur found them prosaic and preoccupied with souvenir-hunting. He and Lewis hunted for stone-age

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In 1894, Evans became intrigued by the idea that the script engraved on the stones he had purchased before Margaret's death might be Cretan, and steamed off to Heraklion to join the circle of watchers. During his year of tending to the details of Youlbury, administering the Ashmolean, and writing

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In 1893, Evans's way of life as a married, middling archaeologist, puttering around the Ashmolean, and travelling extensively and perpetually on holiday with his beloved Margaret, came to an abrupt end, leaving emotional devastation in its wake and changing the course of his life. Freeman died in

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But the most deliberate act of extermination was that perpetrated at Eteà. In this small village, too, the Moslem inhabitants, including the women and children, had taken refuge in the mosque, which the men defended for a while. The building itself is a solid structure, but the door of the small

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In 1840, instead of going to college, John started work in the mill owned by his maternal uncle, John Dickinson. He married his first cousin, Harriet, in 1850, which entitled him, in 1851, to a junior partnership in the family business. Profits from the mill would help fund Arthur's excavations,

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by Greek forces. In September 1898, the last of the Turkish troops withdrew from Crete. Their withdrawal did not however presage peace, and religious violence against the Muslim minority ensued. The British Army forbade travel for any reason with checkpoints set up to enforce this. Despite this

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On the way to the holding cell the two young men were followed by a large crowd, whom Evans lost no opportunity to harangue, even though they understood only German. He threatened the authorities in the name of the British fleet, which, he asserted, would sail up the Sava river. He demanded the

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Syracusan "medallions" and their engravers in the light of recent finds, with observations on the chronology and historical occasions of the Syracusan coin-types of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. And an essay on some new artists' signatures on Sicilian coins (reprinted from the Numismatic

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All the excavations at Knossos were done on leave of absence from the museum. "While the Keeper's salary was not generous, the conditions of residence were very liberal ... the keeper could and should travel to secure new acquisitions". But in 1908 at the age of 57 he resigned his position to

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hired him as a correspondent, sending him back to the Balkans in 1877. He reported on the suppression of the Christian insurrectionists by the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire, and yet was treated by that empire as though he were an ambassador, despite his anti-Turkish sentiments. His older

764:, Somerset, at the parish church. They took up residence in a Venetian villa Evans had purchased in Ragusa, Casa San Lazzaro, on the bluffs overlooking the Adriatic. One of their first tasks was to create a garden there. They lived happily, Evans pursuing his journalistic career, until 1882. 1269:

By 1903, most of the palace was excavated, bringing to light an advanced city containing artwork and many examples of writing. Painted on the walls of the palace were numerous scenes depicting bulls, leading Evans to conclude that the Minoans did indeed worship the bull. In 1905 he finished

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Now that the restriction of the Ottoman firman was removed, there was a great rush on the part of all the other archaeologists to obtain first permission to dig from the new Cretan government. They soon found that Evans had a monopoly. Using the Cretan Exploration Fund, now being swollen by

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Arriving in Heraklion he did not join his friends immediately, but took the opportunity to examine the excavations at Knossos. Seeing the sign of the double axe almost immediately he knew that he was at the home of the script. He used the Cretan Exploration Fund, devised on the model of the

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Evans and his wife moved back to Oxford, renting a house there in January 1883. This period of unemployment was the only one of his life; he employed himself finishing up his Balkan studies. He completed his articles on Roman roads and cities there. It was suggested that he apply to a new

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a mosque. The next day they were promised clemency if they would disarm themselves. Handing over their weapons, they were lined up, having been told they were to be re-settled. Instead, they were shot, the only survivor being a small girl who had a cape thrown over her to conceal her.

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Margaret was buried in the English cemetery at Alassio. Her epitaph says, in part, "Her bright, energetic spirit, undaunted by suffering to the last, and ever working for the welfare of those around her, made a short life long." Evans placed on the grave a wreath he wove himself of

874:, over housing his extensive collection, were being undercut by university administrators. In January 1884, Parker died. The museum was in the hands of its assistant keepers, one of whom, Edward Evans (no relation), was to be Arthur Evans' executive during Evans' extended absences. 536:"I am very sorry to have missed you, dear Freeman ... Little Evans – son of John Evans the great – has just come back from the Herzegovina which he reached by way of Lapland, having started from the Schools in excitement at the 'first' I wrung for him out of the obdurate Stubbs ..." 1371:

Evans had no better luck with Linear B, which turned out to be Greek. Despite decades of theories, Linear A has not been convincingly deciphered, nor even the language group identified. His classifications and careful transcriptions have been of great value to Mycenaean scholars.

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at Harrow, F. Rendall, had eased the way to his acceptance with the recommendation that he was "a boy of powerful original mind." At Brasenose he read Modern History, a new curriculum, which was nearly a disaster, as his main interests were in archaeology and classical studies.

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professorship of Classical Archaeology at Oxford. When he found out that Jowett and Newton were among the electors, he decided not to apply. He wrote to Freeman that to confine archaeology to classics was an absurdity. Instead he and Margaret travelled to Greece, seeking out

3108:. Vol. IV Part I: Emergence of outer western enceinte, with new illustrations, artistic and religious, of the Middle Minoan Phase, Chryselephantine "Lady of Sports", "Snake Room" and full story of the cult Late Minoan ceramic evolution and "Palace Style". Archived from 1235:" may be misleading; Knossos was an intricate collection of over 1000 interlocking rooms, some of which served as artisans' workrooms and food processing centres (e.g. wine presses). It served as a central storage point, and a religious and administrative centre. 977:, Italy she was overtaken by a severe attack. On 11 March 1893, after experiencing painful spasms for two hours, she died with Evans holding her hand, of an unknown disease, perhaps tuberculosis, although the symptoms fit a heart attack also. He was 42; she, 45. 2947:. Vol. I: The Hieroglyphic and Primitive Linear Classes: with an account of the discovery of the pre-Phoenician scripts, their place in the Minoan story and their Mediterranean relatives: with plates, tables and figures in the text. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 532:, that, in view of his special other knowledge and interests, and his father's "high standing in learned society", Evans should not only be passed, but receive a first-class degree. It was the topic of much jesting; Green wrote to Freeman on 11 November 1875: 1027:

To his father he wrote: "I do not think anyone can ever know what Margaret has been to me." He never married again. For the rest of his life he wrote on black-bordered stationery. He went ahead with the mansion he had planned to build for Margaret on

2822: 938:, remains the modern view, though the dating has been refined to the period after about 75 BC. His analysis of the site was still regarded as "an outstanding contribution to Iron Age studies" with "a masterly consideration of the metalwork" by Sir 500:, Finland, and Sweden. Everywhere he went he took copious anthropological notes and made numerous drawings of the people, places and artefacts. During the Christmas holidays of 1873, Evans catalogued a coin collection being bequeathed to Harrow by 866:, was in a chaotic state of transition. It had been a natural history museum, but the collections had been transferred to other museums. The lower floor housed some art and archaeology, but the upper floor was being used for university functions. 973:. The two shopped the flea markets looking for antiquities. Evans purchased some seal stones inscribed with a mysterious writing, said to have come from Crete. Then he met Margaret in Bordighera. The two started back to Athens, but en route, in 328:, the inventor and founder of Messrs John Dickinson, a paper mill. John Evans came from a family of men who were both educated and intellectually active but undistinguished by either wealth or aristocratic connection. His father, 1368:(Northwest Semitic) language. The Phoenician alphabet seamlessly continues the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention called Phoenician from the mid-11th century, where it is first attested on inscribed bronze arrowheads. 877:

The strategy for the museum now was to convert it to an art and archaeology museum, expanding the remaining collections. In November 1883, Fortnum wrote to Evans asking for his assistance in locating some letters in the

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Junior and Senior. While Evans based the recreations on archaeological evidence, some of the best-known frescoes from the throne room were almost complete inventions of the Gilliérons, according to his critics.

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request. At the time of Evans' and Lewis' initial adventure, the Ottomans were still trying to lessen the threat of intervention by placating their neighbours. Evans sought and obtained permission to travel in

3063:. Vol. II Part I: Fresh lights on origins and external relations: the restoration in town and palace after seismic catastrophe towards close of M. M. III and the beginnings of the New Era. Archived from 2603:

Through Bosnia and the Herzegóvina on foot during the insurrection, August and September 1875; with an historical review of Bosnia and a glimpse at the Croats, Slavonians, and the ancient republic of Ragusa

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contributions from others, he paid off the debt for the land. Then he ordered stores from Britain. He hired two foremen, and they hired 32 diggers. He started work on the flower-covered hill in March 1900.

2858: 261:). Almost three decades later, Evans heard of Kalokairinos' discovery. With private funding he bought the surrounding rural area including the palace land. Sir Arthur began his own excavations in 1900. 2617:

Through Bosnia and the Herzegdvina on foot, during the insurrection, August and September 1875, with an historical review of Bosnia, and a glimpse at the Croats, Slavonians, and the ancient republic of

1231:, Evans employed a large staff of local labourers as excavators, and began work in 1900. Within a few months they had uncovered a substantial portion of what he called the Palace of Minos. The term " 540:

In the spring of 1875 he applied for the Archaeological Travelling Studentship offered by Oxford, but, as he says in a letter to Freeman later in life, he was turned down thanks to the efforts of

3093:. Vol. III: The great transitional age in the northern and eastern sections of the Palace: the most brilliant record of Minoan art and the evidences of an advanced religion. Archived from 395:, who would become an art historian. John died in 1908 at 85, when Arthur was 57. His close support and assistance had been indispensable in excavating and conceptualising Minoan civilisation. 4891: 4514: 3021:

The Palace of Minos: a comparative account of the successive stages of the early Cretan civilization as illustrated by the discoveries at Knossos (1921, 1928A, 1928B, 1930, 1935A, 1935B, 1936)

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Letters from Crete. Repr. from the "Manchester Guardian" of May 24, 25, and June 13, with notes on some official replies to questions asked with reference to the above in the House of Commons

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Illyrian letters: a revised selection of correspondence from the llllyrian provinces of Bosnia, Herzegdvina, Montenegro, Albania, Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia during the troubled year 1877

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Prince George was keen to avoid such massacres, and establish a functioning government on the island. In 1899 a cross-confessional government was established as part of a republican Crete.

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had not even read enough in his nominal subject to pass the required examination. He could answer no questions on topics later than the 12th century. He had convinced one of his examiners,

890:, because of their "lack of a properly informed and competent person as keeper." Evans had the right qualifications and took the position of keeper at the Ashmolean when it was offered. 4836: 1266:, a half-man half-bull creature that was the offspring of Minos's wife, Pasiphae, and a bull. Evans dubbed the civilisation once inhabiting this great palace the Minoan civilisation. 471:, where his father had excavated in 1866, adding some of the artefacts to his collection. Arthur had made himself familiar with these. Subsequently, they went on to Paris and then to 2875: 934:

or the Aylesford-Swarling culture, which included the first wheel-made pottery in Britain. Evans's conclusion that the site belonged to a culture closely related to the continental

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In 1884, therefore, Evans, at the age of 34, was appointed Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. He held a grand inauguration at which he outlined his planned changes, publishing it as

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Cretan pictographs and prae-Phoenician script: with an account of a sepulchral deposit at Hagios Onouphrios near Phaestos in its relation to primitive Cretan and Aegean culture

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with Harriet's declining health and Jack's growing reputation and prosperity, they moved into Harriet's childhood home, a mansion with a garden, where the children ran free.

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Evans's continued stance in favour of native government led to a condition of unacceptability to the local regime within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He did not see

2725:"On a Late-Celtic urn-field at Aylesford, Kent, and on the Gaulish, Illyro-Italic, and Classical connexions of the forms of pottery and bronzework there discovered" 2708:"The "horsemen" of Tarentum. A contribution towards the numismatic history of Great Greece. Including an essay on artists', engravers', and magistrates' signatures" 2036: 768: 3043: 3194:. Vol. II: The Archives of Knossos: clay tablets inscribed in linear script B: edited from notes, and supplemented by John L. Myres. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1401: 4049: 3118: 3073: 3517: 3133: 3103: 3088: 3058: 2496: 735:

interests in antiquities continued. He collected portable artefacts, especially sealstones, at every opportunity, between sending back article after article to

4806: 4801: 4796: 4901: 408: 2918:"The prehistoric tombs of Knossos: I. The cemetery of Zapher Papoura, with a comparative note on a chamber-tomb at Milatos. II. The Royal Tomb at Isopata" 886:. Unable to find the letters, Arthur Evans suggested Fortnum visit Oxford. Fortnum in fact was becoming dissatisfied with rivals for his collection, the 214: 55: 654:, loosely attached to the Ottoman military. Their notorious cruelty, which they practised against the natives, helped to turn the British Empire under 4866: 4042: 1091:

Archaeologists from the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Italy were in attendance at the site watching the progress, so to speak, of the "

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restorations at Knossos, and resulting publications. For the time being they were an unpretentious and affectionate family. They moved into a brick

1254:. The small ruin of Knossos spanned 5 acres (2.0 ha) and the palace had a maze-like quality that reminded Evans of the labyrinth described in 4896: 4821: 1056:

A portion of Evans's reconstruction of the Minoan palace at Knossos. This is Bastion A at the North Entrance, noted for the Bull Fresco above it.

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Iron Age Communities in Britain, Fourth Edition: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC, Until the Roman Conquest

3151:ʻThe ring of Nestor;̓ a glimpse into the Minoan after-world, and a sepulchral treasure of gold signet-rings and bead-seals from Thisbê, Boeotia 1464: 1242:, Evans concluded that there was another civilisation on Crete that had existed before those brought to light by the adventurer-archaeologist 4831: 3916: 3417: 3279: 620: 577: 517: 4871: 2886: 585:

in a career into which he had been pushed against his real interests. The real adventure, in his mind, was the revolution in the Balkans.

3159: 4530: 3078:. Vol. II Part II: Town-Houses in Knossos of the New Era and restored West Palace Section, with its state approach. Archived from 650:

placed over them. Some Ottoman troops were in the country in support of the beys, but mainly the beys were using irregular forces, the

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to make work for local out-of-work labourers. The mound and wild garden, with species from around the world, is now held by the

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Evans, Arthur John (1871). "On a hoard of coins found at Oxford, with some remarks on the coinage of the first three Edwards".

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The details of the complicated and extensive negotiations for the Fortnum collection, at which Evans excelled, may be found in

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Essai de classification des Époques de la civilization minoenne: résumé d'un discours fait au Congrès d'Archéologie à Athènes

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The Ashmolean museum as a home of archæology in Oxford: an inaugural lecture given in the Ashmolean Museum, November 20, 1884

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The two brothers experienced little difficulty with either the Serbs or the Ottomans but they did provoke the neighbouring

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correspondent said Serbia was the biggest threat to peace in the Balkans. This view was refuted by Evans, who stated that

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artefacts in the gravel quarries, Arthur remarking that he was glad the Prussians were not interested in flint artefacts.

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sites and for Neolithic remains in Ligurian caves. Then he revisited the locations of his youthful explorations in

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in Kent was excavated under the leadership of Evans, and published in 1890. With the later excavation by others at

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During excavations by Evans, he found 3000 clay tablets, which he transcribed and organised, publishing them in

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From 1894 until his death in 1941, Evans lived in his house, Youlbury, which has since been demolished. He had

1424:, which holds the largest collection of Minoan artefacts outside of Greece. He received an honorary doctorate ( 1361: 1228: 1210: 970: 632: 431: 711:. In Sarajevo they learned that the region through which they had just passed was now "plunged in civil war". 3371: 4725: 4670: 3951: 2041:

The villa sits on a bluff at the base of a ring of hills. Adjoining it a modern hotel towers over the scene.

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to excavate, and then not granting any. The Cretans were afraid of the Ottomans' removing any artefacts to

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that would help to validate a noted ring in his collection; he did so on the advice of John Evans of the

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Scripta Minoa: The Written Documents of Minoan Crete: with special reference to the archives of Knossos

2944:

Scripta Minoa: The Written Documents of Minoan Crete: with Special Reference to the Archives of Knossos

2823:"The Mycenaean Pillar Cult and its Mediterranean Relations with Illustrations from Recent Cretan Finds" 1275: 722:

Home again, Evans wrote of his experiences, working from his extensive notes and drawings, publishing

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Arthur's mother, Harriet, died after childbirth in 1858 when Arthur was seven. He had two brothers,

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Evans, Myres and Hogarth returned to Crete together, Evans in his capacity as a journalist for the

871: 848: 791: 476: 329: 269: 223: 152: 728:, which came out in two editions, 1876 and 1877. He became overnight an expert in Balkan affairs. 4575: 4382: 4366: 4342: 4326: 3977: 3936: 3906: 3684: 2981: 2973: 2850: 2789: 2781: 2519: 1579: 1365: 1342: 1092: 898: 525: 250: 1788: 1076:

was now known to be a major site, thanks to Evans's old friend and fellow journalist in Bosnia,

962:, Evans to Sicily to complete the last volume of the history he and Freeman had begun together. 786:

first tenure as Prime Minister from 1885 to 1886, the English public held negative views of the

1099:, eager not to offend the native Cretan parliament, were encouraging foreigners to apply for a 297: 4916: 4911: 4695: 4491: 4246: 3921: 3689: 3545: 3393: 3348: 3323: 3298: 3275: 3256: 3216: 3168: 2761: 2293: 2124:

Thomas, Ben (1999). "Hercules and the Hydra: C.D.E. Fortnum, Evans and the Ashmolean Museum".

2030: 1977: 1874: 1792: 1765: 1512: 1081: 1065: 863: 851:

at Athens. Margaret and Sophia had a visit for several hours, during which Evans examined the

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at the time of their journey the strongest point of resistance in triple mountain ranges of

608: 377: 273: 190: 3024:. London: MacMillan and Co; Online by Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. Archived from 1040:), against the advice of his father, who regarded it as wasteful and useless. He called it 4710: 4685: 4483: 4414: 4318: 4270: 4222: 4214: 4102: 3987: 3846: 3570: 3565: 2685: 2401: 1522: 1502: 1492: 1413: 1389: 1255: 1186: 772:

in favour of an insurrection. Evans was arrested in 1882, to be put on trial as a British

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revolutionary bent. Deciding not to stay, he left there to meet Lewis for another trip to

541: 521: 372:, publishing numerous books and articles. In 1859 he conducted a geological survey of the 337: 313: 497: 3025: 2640:

Antiquarian researches in Illyricum. (Parts I and II). From The Archaeologia Vol. XLVIII

2601: 4740: 4660: 4630: 4540: 4470: 4454: 4334: 4150: 3891: 3786: 3639: 3618: 3560: 3550: 3480: 3209: 1517: 1041: 989:, expressive of their innermost feelings, commemorating the event with a private poem, 955: 939: 675: 639: 565: 529: 360:

John Evans maintained his status as an officer in the company, which eventually became

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Private adventurer arrived in Old Herzegovina and discovered Roman city near Pljevlja

426: 421: 373: 317: 258: 234: 219: 94: 1742: 324:(1823–1908) and Harriet Ann Dickinson (born 1824), the daughter of John's employer, 4600: 4438: 4430: 4422: 4094: 4065: 3992: 3896: 3811: 3791: 3644: 3634: 3555: 3333: 3244: 2449: 1770:(Second ed.). London, New York, Bombay: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 343. 1660: 1640: 1527: 1409: 1239: 799: 674:

and spent a night in "a wretched cell". After deciding to lodge in a good hotel in

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In 1913, he paid £100 to double the amount paid with the studentship in memory of

612: 576:. That decision marked the end of his formal education. Herzegovina was then in a 2649: 17: 4650: 4545: 4446: 4254: 4198: 4190: 4166: 4034: 3886: 3806: 3781: 3389: 2340:

Macgillivray Minotaur – Sir Arthur Evans and the Archaeology of the Minoan Myth.

1405: 1132: 1037: 643: 484: 459: 365: 179: 2846: 2067:. Belgrade: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Dositej. pp. 130–131. 1420:

for his services to archaeology and is commemorated both at Knossos and at the

1380: 603:

After resolving to leave Göttingen, Evans and Lewis planned to spy against the

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Born Charles Edward Fortnum (Drury added later in Australia) DCL FSA (1820–99)

1557: 1460: 1259: 1029: 966: 959: 505: 309: 227: 117: 90: 3048:. Vol. I: The Neolithic and Early and Middle Minoan Ages. Archived from 3796: 3745: 3720: 3699: 1223:, who had already distinguished himself by his excavations on the island of 1033: 927: 919: 901:

for 1884 on the Slavonic conquest of Illyricum, which remained unpublished.

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and that the Christians were in a state of insurrection against the Muslim

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against the Ottoman Empire, as well as to attract Russian intervention at

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In 1898, he became one of the first reporters of the ethnic cleansing of

1104: 1085: 923: 724: 708: 700: 696: 624: 345: 281: 277: 257:. Three weeks later Turkish authorities forced him to stop (at the time, 3755: 3750: 3735: 3674: 3654: 3649: 3598: 1425: 1247: 1157: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1073: 1061: 974: 238: 148: 3495: 3161:

The shaft graves and bee-hive tombs of Mycenae and their interrelation

2977: 2854: 2785: 833: 3760: 3679: 3669: 3613: 2098: 1341:) are almost identical to the many centuries older, 19th century BC, 1251: 1232: 1100: 1069: 935: 761: 472: 264:

Based on the structures and artifacts found there and throughout the

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by the Ottoman authorities and went to board a ship in the city of

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not far away (discovery to publication was 1921–1925) this is the

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Minotaur: Sir Arthur Evans and the Archaeology of the Minoan Myth

2762:"Primitive Pictographs and Script from Crete and the Peloponnese" 524:

insurgents. Freeman convinced Evans's tutors, George Kitchen and

2499:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from 683: 483:

In 1872, he and Norman adventured into Ottoman territory in the

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The Riddle of the Labyrinth: The Quest to Crack an Ancient Code

3211:

Before Knossos: Arthur Evans's Travels in the Balkans and Crete

3181:

Jarn Mound, with its panorama and wild garden of British plants

2699:

Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society

2383:

Evans, A.J. (1909). "Scripta Minoa – Volume 1". Oxford: 87,89.

1741:. University of Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. 2009. Archived from 1126: 647: 4852:

Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

1396:(FRS) in 1901. He was elected an International Member of the 1088:, was keeping him posted on developments at Knossos by mail. 619:. During the struggle in Bobovo on 15 August 1875 during the 556:

In April–July of that year he attended a summer term at the

182:, museum management, journalism, statesmanship, philanthropy 1270:

excavations. He then proceeded to have the room called the

548:, two Oxford dons having a low opinion of his work there. 430:

in his final year, 1869/70. At Harrow he was friends with

3426:"Knossos: Ancient Village / Settlement / Misc. Earthwork" 3340:. Originally published by Hodder & Stoughton, London. 3138:. Vol. Index to the Palace of Minos. Archived from 2290:

Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims

276:. Evans was also the first to define the Cretan scripts 3297:. New York: Hill and Wang (Farrar, Straus and Giroux). 1095:", a metaphor of the dying Ottoman Empire. The various 1060:

After Margaret's death Evans wandered aimlessly around

2331:(Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009), 111. 1360:. Modern scholars now see it as a continuation of the 631:

via Pljevlja, a city with a large settlement from the

993:, not published until after his death decades later: 564:, then headmaster at Harrow. Evans was to study with 2661:"Antiquarian researches in Illyricum, Parts III, IV" 1084:, the Italian archaeologist and future excavator of 364:, but also became distinguished for his pursuits in 4001: 3960: 3839: 3774: 3708: 3627: 3591: 3584: 3533: 2954:"The Minoan and Mycenaean Element in Hellenic Life" 2695:"Megalithic Monuments in their Sepulchral Relation" 2546:. No. 36493. London. 28 June 1901. p. 10. 695:one man, enough to establish authority – as far as 186: 175: 158: 143: 129: 102: 72: 41: 4892:Presidents of the Society of Antiquaries of London 3290: 3208: 2701:. III, 1885. Manchester: A. Ireland Co., Printers. 2188:, near Figure 1.4, 2012 (4th edition), Routledge, 2065:Grof Čedomilj Mijatović: Viktorijanac među Srbima 1463:and its surrounding wild garden built during the 2315:Great Cities of the World 3: Next Stop... Athens 1563:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 954:In October of that year Evans took her to visit 895:The Ashmolean as a Home of Archaeology in Oxford 635:period, which Evans named as the Municipium S. 454:Arthur matriculated on 9 June 1870 and attended 268:, Evans found that he needed to distinguish the 4837:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London 2621:(2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co. 2162:Bejtullah D. Destani, ed., & Arthur Evans, 1976:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 71 72. 1258:. In the myth, the labyrinth had been built by 995: 769:Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina 752: 534: 332:, Arthur's grandfather, had been headmaster of 2876:"Minoan Civilization at the Palace of Knosses" 2164:Ancient Illyria: An Archaeological Exploration 1402:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 1358:Cretan Philistines and the Phoenician Alphabet 746:in 1898, he described the ethnic cleansing of 699:. From there they travelled directly south to 284:, as well as an earlier pictographic writing. 4907:Members of the American Philosophical Society 4882:Presidents of the British Science Association 4499: 4050: 3511: 249:began in 1877. They were led by Cretan Greek 27:British archaeologist and scholar (1851–1941) 8: 3274:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 2275: 2263: 2251: 2239: 2227: 2200: 1920: 1893: 1844: 1721: 1709: 1697: 4862:People associated with the Ashmolean Museum 4827:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering 2035:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 678:on the border, having judged it safer than 528:, and they convinced the Regius professor, 218:(8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British 4887:Presidents of the Royal Numismatic Society 4877:People from Vale of White Horse (district) 4506: 4492: 4484: 4057: 4043: 4035: 3588: 3518: 3504: 3496: 3215:(Illustrated ed.). Ashmolean Museum. 3167:. London: MacMillan and Co. Archived from 1873:. University of Texas Press. p. 343. 1636:"Evans, Arthur John Family search listing" 802:were facing terror from the hand of local 38: 1735:"Sir John Evans's Family Life – Children" 1238:On the basis of the ceramic evidence and 1173:Learn how and when to remove this message 806:, with murders being a daily occurrence. 638:They knew that the region, a part of the 2911:(Revised ed.). London: B. Quaritch. 2558:"Sir Arthur Evans and the Jarn projects" 2215: 2211: 2209: 2077: 1967: 1965: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1832: 1811: 1560:(1941). "Arthur John Evans. 1851–1941". 4812:Archaeologists of the Bronze Age Aegean 4515:Founding fellows of the British Academy 3289:MacGillivray, Joseph Alexander (2000). 2091:"Oxford Men and their Colleges 1890–92" 1544: 1364:from ca. 1400 BC, adapted to writing a 1348:The basic part of the discussion about 1004:Such as herself she plucked, – a wreath 424:in 1865 at age 14. He was co-editor of 2681: 2670: 2397: 2386: 2028: 1333:, is that most of the symbols for the 607:in the rebellious mountain village of 391:. When he was 70 they had a daughter, 3432:. Julian Cope presents Head Heritage. 3272:Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism 2329:Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism 2150: 2126:Journal of the History of Collections 2050: 1974:Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism 1956: 1944: 1932: 1856: 1781:Minchin, James George Cotton (1898). 1767:The Harrow School Register, 1801–1900 1622: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1474:Evans left part of his estate to the 1384:Statue of Sir Arthur Evans at Knossos 1227:, and Mr Fyfe, an architect from the 496:In 1873, he and Balfour tramped over 7: 2317:. The Symphonette Press. p. 14. 2190:google preview, with no page numbers 1996: 1871:Sir Gardner Wilkinson and His Circle 1400:in 1913 and a foreign member of the 1388:He was a member and officer of many 1155:adding citations to reliable sources 667:from its Turkish military governor. 623:they were expelled from Province of 4807:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford 4802:20th-century British archaeologists 4797:19th-century British archaeologists 3239:. New York: Rinehart & Company. 2606:. London: Longmans, Greens and Co. 1823:Oxford Men and the Colleges 1880–92 1677:"Sir John Evans, K.C.B., 1823–1908" 855:antiquities at hand with Heinrich. 4902:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal 3917:Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a 3322:. University of California Press. 1482:is still available for their use. 1329:One of Evans's theses in the 1901 1044:, after the name of the locality. 259:Crete was under Ottoman occupation 25: 2632:. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1687:. Royal Society of London: l–lvi. 1019:And truer love – or pearl so rare 998:"Of Margarites and mountain heath 825:Margaret and Arthur Evans in 1888 4867:People educated at Harrow School 3377: 3365: 2928:. London: B. Quaritch: 391–562. 2643:. Westminster: Nichols and Sons. 1739:Sir John Evans Centenary Project 1681:Proceedings of the Royal Society 1131: 832: 818: 621:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877) 518:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877) 64: 4019:Archaeological Museum of Chania 4014:Heraklion Archaeological Museum 3942:Papoura Hill Circular Structure 3347:. Chronicle Australia Pty Ltd. 2958:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 2827:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 2766:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 1142:needs additional citations for 4897:Recipients of the Copley Medal 4822:Fellows of the British Academy 4024:Archaeological Museum of Sitia 3442:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3399:Works by or about Arthur Evans 2063:Marković, Slobodan G. (2006). 1787:. London: Methuen Co. p. 1533:Minoan snake goddess figurines 1398:American Philosophical Society 810:Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum 725:Through Bosnia and Herzegovina 320:, England, the first child of 1: 4556:William Edward Hartpole Lecky 4263:Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer 3418:"Arthur Evans, Archaeologist" 3345:Chronicle of the 20th Century 1452:, which was won that year by 1444:, established jointly by the 233:The first excavations at the 32:Arthur Evans (disambiguation) 4832:Fellows of the Royal Society 4586:Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb 3932:Minoan Moulds of Palaikastro 3483:. Heraklion Crete org online 3461:Dictionary of Art Historians 2523:. 11 July 1911. p. 5167 2438:The Sir Arthur Evans Archive 2313:Salomon, Marilyn J. (1974). 2011:"Excelsior Hotel, Dubrovnik" 1412:in 1936. In 1911, Evans was 1392:, including being elected a 1001:And scented broom so white – 872:Charles Drury Edward Fortnum 800:Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija 340:, Leicestershire. John knew 222:and pioneer in the study of 151:; developing the concept of 4872:People from Hemel Hempstead 4726:Sir William Mitchell Ramsay 4351:Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 3207:Brown, Ann Cynthia (1993). 3153:. London: Macmillan and Co. 2807:. London: Bernard Quaritch. 2755:. London: Bernard Quaritch. 2752:Chronicle of 1890 and 1891) 2595:. New Series (11): 260–282. 2542:"University intelligence". 2013:. Panoramio. Archived from 1656:"Evans, John Family search" 1394:Fellow of the Royal Society 1356:takes place in the section 1123:Religious violence in Crete 1013:For she was open as the air 991:To Margaret my beloved wife 163:Fellow of the Royal Society 4933: 4701:Sir Thomas Erskine Holland 4571:Sir Edward Maunde Thompson 2654:. Oxford: Parker & Co. 2497:"A.J. Evans (1851 - 1941)" 1311: 1208: 1117:Palestine Exploration Fund 1016:Pure as the blue of heaven 1007:I wreathe for her tonight. 932:Aylesford-Swarling pottery 790:and instead supported the 707:(Ragusa) on the coast, in 605:Principality of Montenegro 580:. The Ottomans were using 326:John Dickinson (1782–1869) 29: 4706:Frederic William Maitland 4521: 4287:Charles Scott Sherrington 4279:Frederick Gowland Hopkins 4073: 3457:"Evans, Arthur John, Sir" 3412:University College London 3408:Evans (Arthur) Collection 3318:Markoe, Glenn E. (2000). 3011:10.1017/S0261340900010833 2934:10.1017/S0261340900027612 2905:—— (1906A) . 2741:10.1017/S0261340900007591 2562:Oxford Preservation Trust 2515:"Whitehall, July 8, 1911" 2370:Hogan, C. Michael (2007) 2288:McCarthy, Justin (1995). 1469:Oxford Preservation Trust 1442:Augustus Wollaston Franks 971:British School, in Athens 456:Brasenose College, Oxford 438:, after the first issue. 389:Maria Millington Lathbury 362:John Dickinson Stationery 308:Arthur Evans was born in 196: 168: 63: 4761:Robert Yelverton Tyrrell 4295:Charles Algernon Parsons 3857:Hagia Triada Sarcophagus 3117:—— (1935B). 3102:—— (1935A). 3072:—— (1928B). 3057:—— (1928A). 2916:—— (1906B). 2874:—— (1901B). 2821:—— (1901A). 2095:Dictionary of Historians 1869:Thompson, Jason (1992). 1362:Proto-Canaanite alphabet 1229:British School at Athens 1211:Knossos (modern history) 1022:To man was never given." 910:Excavations at Aylesford 504:, the father of British 432:Francis Maitland Balfour 4681:Sir James George Frazer 4671:Andrew Martin Fairbairn 3952:Wall Paintings of Thera 3867:Snake goddess figurines 3481:"Sir Arthur John Evans" 3188:—— (1952). 3179:—— (1933). 3158:—— (1929). 3149:—— (1925). 3087:—— (1930). 3042:—— (1921). 2993:—— (1914). 2952:—— (1912). 2941:—— (1909). 2812:—— (1898). 2801:—— (1895). 2760:—— (1894). 2748:—— (1892). 2723:—— (1890). 2706:—— (1889). 2693:—— (1886). 2659:—— (1885). 2648:—— (1884). 2637:—— (1883). 2626:—— (1878). 2614:—— (1877). 2600:—— (1876). 965:In February, Evans met 888:South Kensington Museum 744:The Manchester Guardian 731:The Manchester Guardian 717:The Manchester Guardian 672:Austro-Hungarian Empire 558:University of Göttingen 514:Edward Augustus Freeman 288:Biographical background 4817:English archaeologists 4576:Sir Henry Maxwell Lyte 4423:Geoffrey Ingram Taylor 4207:Pierre Paul Émile Roux 3872:La Parisienne (fresco) 3430:The Modern Antiquarian 2680:Cite journal requires 2448:. 2012. Archived from 2423:Markoe (2000), p. 111. 2396:Cite journal requires 1675:A.G. (December 1908). 1576:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0044 1450:Society of Antiquaries 1385: 1295: 1205:Excavations of Knossos 1080:. Another old friend, 1078:William James Stillman 1064:ostensibly looking at 1057: 1048:Waiting for the future 1025: 918:discovered in 1886 at 884:Society of Antiquaries 757: 538: 502:John Gardner Wilkinson 451: 413: 305: 4857:Minoan archaeologists 4566:Sir Frederick Pollock 4231:Horace Tabberer Brown 4135:Alfred Russel Wallace 3862:Horns of Consecration 3852:Akrotiri Boxer Fresco 3390:Works by Arthur Evans 3183:. Oxford: J. Vincent. 3174:on 20 September 2011. 2175:Archaeologia 52, 1891 1764:Dauglish, MG (1901). 1383: 1354:Scripta Minoa, Vol. 1 1290: 1055: 578:state of insurrection 560:at the suggestion of 546:Charles Thomas Newton 449: 411: 300: 266:eastern Mediterranean 203:Sir Arthur John Evans 4756:Henry Fanshawe Tozer 4736:Walter William Skeat 4656:Samuel Rolles Driver 4606:Henry Francis Pelham 4581:Sir Courtenay Ilbert 4526:The Earl of Rosebery 4439:Edgar Douglas Adrian 4079:Josiah Willard Gibbs 3882:Prince of the Lilies 3840:Art and Architecture 3420:. Brasenose College. 3374:at Wikimedia Commons 3270:Gere, Cathy (2009). 3132:Evans, Joan (1936). 2712:Numismatic Chronicle 2593:Numismatic Chronicle 2476:search.amphilsoc.org 2472:"APS Member History" 2446:University of Oxford 2184:Cunliffe, Barry W., 2138:10.1093/jhc/11.2.159 1972:Gere, Cathy (2010). 1508:Matriarchal religion 1446:University of London 1430:University of Dublin 1404:in 1918. He won the 1303:Major creative works 1151:improve this article 839:The Ashmolean Museum 750:civilians by saying: 594:Agent in the Balkans 562:Henry Montagu Butler 344:and could quote the 334:Dixie Grammar School 138:University of Oxford 30:For other uses, see 4751:Henry Barclay Swete 4686:Sir Israel Gollancz 4636:Edward Byles Cowell 4531:The Viscount Dillon 4311:William Henry Bragg 4143:George William Hill 4127:Albert A. Michelson 3527:Minoan civilization 3028:on 16 February 2012 2847:2027/uva.x000381934 2254:, pp. 107–108. 1350:Phoenician alphabet 1335:Phoenician alphabet 1244:Heinrich Schliemann 1192:Manchester Guardian 969:, a student at the 849:Heinrich Schliemann 804:Albanian population 792:Kingdom of Bulgaria 520:and on the side of 477:Franco-Prussian War 330:Arthur Benoni Evans 270:Minoan civilisation 224:Aegean civilization 153:Minoan civilisation 4741:Sir Leslie Stephen 4646:Thomas Rhys Davids 4641:William Cunningham 4383:Thomas Hunt Morgan 4367:Henry Hallett Dale 4343:John Scott Haldane 4327:George Ellery Hale 3988:Arkalochori script 3978:Cretan hieroglyphs 3937:Minoan Bull-leaper 3907:Knossos board game 3438:"Sir Arthur Evans" 3142:on 6 January 2013. 3127:on 6 January 2013. 3112:on 6 January 2013. 3097:on 6 January 2013. 3082:on 6 January 2013. 3067:on 6 January 2013. 3052:on 6 January 2013. 2608:arthur john evans. 2520:The London Gazette 2503:on 28 August 2020. 2452:on 22 October 2017 2434:"Sir Arthur Evans" 2266:, pp. 91–100. 1386: 1343:Cretan hieroglyphs 1296: 1291:Portrait 1907, by 1093:sick man of Europe 1058: 914:A cemetery of the 899:Ilchester Lectures 703:and from there to 526:John Richard Green 452: 418:preparatory school 414: 306: 251:Minos Kalokairinos 4774: 4773: 4696:Shadworth Hodgson 4596:Sir Adolphus Ward 4561:Sir William Anson 4481: 4480: 4247:Ernest Rutherford 4066:Copley Medallists 4032: 4031: 3922:Malia altar stone 3835: 3834: 3546:Minoan chronology 3394:Project Gutenberg 3382:Works related to 3370:Media related to 3343:Ross, J. (1990). 3338:The Villa Ariadne 3281:978-0-226-28954-0 3236:The Bull of Minos 3231:Cottrell, Leonard 2276:MacGillivray 2000 2264:MacGillivray 2000 2252:MacGillivray 2000 2240:MacGillivray 2000 2228:MacGillivray 2000 2201:MacGillivray 2000 1921:MacGillivray 2000 1894:MacGillivray 2000 1859:, pp. 11–19. 1847:, pp. 40–41. 1845:MacGillivray 2000 1814:, pp. 84–85. 1722:MacGillivray 2000 1710:MacGillivray 2000 1698:MacGillivray 2000 1598:"List of Fellows" 1513:Minoan chronology 1390:learned societies 1183: 1182: 1175: 1082:Federico Halbherr 1066:Terramare Culture 946:End and beginning 868:John Henry Parker 864:Oxford University 788:Kingdom of Serbia 775:agent provocateur 742:In his report to 490:Fraser's Magazine 450:Brasenose College 346:classical authors 200: 199: 170:Scientific career 134:Brasenose College 77:Arthur John Evans 18:Arthur John Evans 16:(Redirected from 4924: 4842:Knights Bachelor 4721:Sir James Murray 4716:John E. B. Mayor 4666:Sir Arthur Evans 4508: 4501: 4494: 4485: 4474: 4466: 4463:George de Hevesy 4458: 4450: 4442: 4434: 4426: 4418: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4370: 4362: 4354: 4346: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4314: 4306: 4298: 4290: 4282: 4274: 4266: 4258: 4250: 4242: 4234: 4226: 4218: 4210: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4178: 4170: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4138: 4130: 4122: 4119:Élie Metchnikoff 4114: 4111:Dmitri Mendeleev 4106: 4098: 4090: 4082: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4036: 3589: 3576:Peak sanctuaries 3520: 3513: 3506: 3497: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3463:. Archived from 3452: 3450: 3448: 3433: 3421: 3403:Internet Archive 3381: 3369: 3308: 3296: 3285: 3266: 3240: 3226: 3214: 3195: 3184: 3175: 3173: 3166: 3154: 3143: 3128: 3113: 3098: 3083: 3068: 3053: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3018:——. 3014: 2989: 2948: 2937: 2912: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2891: 2885:. Archived from 2880: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2857:. Archived from 2817: 2808: 2797: 2756: 2744: 2719: 2702: 2689: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2668: 2667:. London: 1–167. 2663:. Archaeologia. 2655: 2644: 2633: 2622: 2610: 2596: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2442:Ashmolean Museum 2430: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2292:. Darwin Press. 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2101:on 7 August 2020 2097:. Archived from 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2054: 2053:, pp. 26–27 2048: 2042: 2040: 2034: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1969: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1947:, pp. 82–84 1942: 1936: 1935:, pp. 80–81 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1745:on 13 April 2011 1731: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1600:. Archived from 1594: 1588: 1587: 1554: 1465:Great Depression 1454:Mortimer Wheeler 1422:Ashmolean Museum 1408:in 1880 and the 1293:William Richmond 1221:Duncan Mackenzie 1178: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1158: 1135: 1127: 916:British Iron Age 880:Bodleian Library 862:, an adjunct of 860:Ashmolean Museum 836: 822: 784:Gascoyne-Cecil's 609:Bobovo, Pljevlja 378:Joseph Prestwich 274:Mycenaean Greece 217: 191:Ashmolean Museum 109: 86: 84: 68: 58: 43:Sir Arthur Evans 39: 21: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4711:Alfred Marshall 4517: 4512: 4482: 4477: 4469: 4461: 4453: 4445: 4437: 4429: 4421: 4415:Joseph Barcroft 4413: 4407:Robert Robinson 4405: 4397: 4389: 4381: 4373: 4365: 4357: 4349: 4341: 4333: 4325: 4319:Arthur Schuster 4317: 4309: 4301: 4293: 4285: 4277: 4271:Albert Einstein 4269: 4261: 4253: 4245: 4237: 4229: 4223:William Bayliss 4221: 4215:Hendrik Lorentz 4213: 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4165: 4157: 4149: 4141: 4133: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4103:William Crookes 4101: 4093: 4085: 4077: 4069: 4063: 4033: 4028: 3997: 3956: 3847:Aegina Treasure 3831: 3770: 3704: 3623: 3580: 3571:Minoan eruption 3566:Minoan religion 3529: 3524: 3486: 3484: 3479: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3446: 3444: 3436: 3424: 3416: 3362: 3315: 3313:Further reading 3305: 3288: 3282: 3269: 3263: 3243: 3229: 3223: 3206: 3203: 3198: 3187: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3148: 3131: 3116: 3101: 3086: 3071: 3056: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3017: 2992: 2951: 2940: 2915: 2904: 2895: 2893: 2892:on 16 June 2013 2889: 2878: 2873: 2864: 2862: 2861:on 7 March 2016 2820: 2816:. Oxford: Hart. 2811: 2800: 2759: 2747: 2722: 2705: 2692: 2679: 2669: 2658: 2647: 2636: 2625: 2613: 2599: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2455: 2453: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2395: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2104: 2102: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2027: 2020: 2018: 2008: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1971: 1970: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1907: 1900: 1892: 1888: 1881: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1839: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1784:Old Harrow days 1780: 1779: 1775: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1692: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1607: 1605: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1570:(10): 940–968. 1556: 1555: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1523:Minoan religion 1503:Leonard Woolley 1493:Flinders Petrie 1488: 1438: 1378: 1320: 1312:Main articles: 1310: 1305: 1285: 1276:Émile Gilliéron 1256:Greek mythology 1213: 1207: 1187:Turkish Cretans 1179: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1148: 1136: 1125: 1050: 948: 912: 907: 858:Meanwhile, the 844: 843: 842: 841: 840: 837: 828: 827: 826: 823: 812: 720: 656:W. 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Gladstone 601: 596: 591: 574:Old Herzegovina 554: 542:Benjamin Jowett 522:Old Herzegovina 444: 406: 401: 338:Market Bosworth 314:Hemel Hempstead 303:Nash paper mill 295: 290: 205: 147:Excavations at 130:Alma mater 125: 111: 107: 98: 88: 82: 80: 79: 78: 59: 46: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4930: 4928: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4779: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4746:Whitley Stokes 4743: 4738: 4733: 4731:William Sanday 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4691:Thomas Hodgkin 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4661:Robinson Ellis 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4631:Ingram Bywater 4628: 4626:Samuel Butcher 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4551:The Lord Bryce 4548: 4543: 4541:Arthur Balfour 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4488: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4471:James Chadwick 4467: 4459: 4455:Archibald Hill 4451: 4443: 4435: 4427: 4419: 4411: 4403: 4395: 4387: 4379: 4371: 4363: 4355: 4347: 4339: 4335:Theobald Smith 4331: 4323: 4315: 4307: 4299: 4291: 4283: 4275: 4267: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4219: 4211: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4179: 4171: 4163: 4155: 4151:Francis Galton 4147: 4139: 4131: 4123: 4115: 4107: 4099: 4091: 4083: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3892:Harvester Vase 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3697: 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2363: 2342: 2333: 2320: 2305: 2298: 2280: 2278:, p. 116. 2268: 2256: 2244: 2242:, p. 107. 2232: 2230:, p. 106. 2220: 2205: 2193: 2177: 2168: 2166:(2006), p. xvi 2155: 2143: 2132:(2): 159–169. 2115: 2082: 2070: 2055: 2043: 2017:on 25 May 2015 2001: 1989: 1982: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1913: 1898: 1886: 1879: 1861: 1849: 1837: 1825: 1816: 1804: 1797: 1773: 1756: 1726: 1714: 1702: 1690: 1667: 1647: 1627: 1615: 1604:on 8 June 2016 1589: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1518:Minoan pottery 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1437: 1436:Other legacies 1434: 1432:in June 1901. 1377: 1374: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1284: 1283:Senior trustee 1281: 1209:Main article: 1206: 1203: 1181: 1180: 1139: 1137: 1130: 1124: 1121: 1049: 1046: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 947: 944: 940:Barry Cunliffe 911: 908: 906: 903: 838: 831: 830: 829: 824: 817: 816: 815: 814: 813: 811: 808: 719: 713: 676:Slavonski Brod 640:Ottoman Empire 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 566:Reinhold Pauli 553: 550: 530:William Stubbs 493:for May 1873. 467:Lewis visited 443: 440: 420:, he entered 405: 402: 400: 397: 354:terraced house 294: 291: 289: 286: 253:, a native of 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 184: 183: 177: 173: 172: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 145: 144:Known for 141: 140: 131: 127: 126: 112: 110:(aged 90) 104: 100: 99: 89: 76: 74: 70: 69: 61: 60: 45: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4929: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4616:George Salmon 4614: 4612: 4611:Sir John Rhŷs 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536:The Lord Reay 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4391:Paul Langevin 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4239:Joseph Larmor 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4183:J. J. Thomson 4180: 4176: 4175:Ray Lankester 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4159:George Darwin 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087:Joseph Lister 4084: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3983:Phaistos disc 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3947:Vasiliki ware 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3927:Malia Pendant 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3912:Minoan Genius 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3877:Lustral basin 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3726:Chryssolakkos 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3482: 3478: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3386:at Wikisource 3385: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3353:1-872031-80-3 3350: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3334:Powell, Dilys 3332: 3329: 3328:0-520-22613-5 3325: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3304:9780809030354 3300: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 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Bury 4375:Niels Bohr 4303:Max Planck 3822:Traostalos 3766:Yerokambos 3695:Vathypetro 3541:Minoan art 2833:: 99–204. 2567:11 January 2151:Evans 1884 2051:Brown 1993 1957:Evans 1876 1945:Evans 1876 1933:Evans 1876 1857:Brown 1993 1623:Evans 1921 1608:16 October 1476:Boy Scouts 1461:Jarn Mound 1260:King Minos 1163:March 2019 1030:Boars Hill 967:John Myres 960:Bordighera 506:Egyptology 322:John Evans 310:Nash Mills 228:Bronze Age 118:Boars Hill 91:Nash Mills 83:1851-07-08 3797:Atsipades 3746:Odigitria 3721:Apesokari 3700:Zominthos 2986:163279561 2794:163720432 2544:The Times 1997:Gere 2009 1584:162188868 1366:Canaanite 1034:Berkshire 985:and wild 983:margarite 942:in 2012. 928:type site 920:Aylesford 853:Mycenaean 705:Dubrovnik 629:Dubrovnik 613:Ljubišnja 552:Göttingen 469:Hallstatt 399:Education 370:antiquary 255:Heraklion 124:, England 122:Berkshire 97:, England 4917:Linear A 4912:Linear B 4002:See also 3973:Linear B 3968:Linear A 3902:Kouloura 3827:Vrysinas 3817:Petsofas 3731:Kamilari 3690:Vasiliki 3660:Troullos 3604:Phaistos 3487:28 March 3471:28 March 3447:28 March 3336:(1973). 3247:(2013). 3233:(1958). 3032:27 April 3005:: 1–94. 2896:26 April 2584:By Evans 2031:cite web 2009:yvr101. 1749:30 March 1486:See also 1448:and the 1414:knighted 1318:Linear B 1314:Linear A 1264:Minotaur 1105:Istanbul 1086:Phaistos 1042:Youlbury 924:Swarling 709:Dalmatia 701:Sarajevo 697:Derventa 625:Pljevlja 416:After a 282:Linear B 278:Linear A 114:Youlbury 3961:Writing 3787:Kamares 3756:Phylaki 3751:Phourni 3736:Koumasa 3675:Amnisos 3665:Trypiti 3655:Gournia 3650:Kydonia 3619:Galatas 3599:Knossos 3592:Palaces 2372:Knossos 2105:31 July 2021:4 April 1426:D.Litt. 1376:Honours 1248:Mycenae 1074:Knossos 1062:Liguria 975:Alassio 782:During 660:Serbian 498:Lapland 241:on the 239:Knossos 226:in the 149:Knossos 4473:(1950) 4465:(1949) 4457:(1948) 4449:(1947) 4441:(1946) 4433:(1945) 4425:(1944) 4417:(1943) 4409:(1942) 4401:(1941) 4393:(1940) 4385:(1939) 4377:(1938) 4369:(1937) 4361:(1936) 4353:(1935) 4345:(1934) 4337:(1933) 4329:(1932) 4321:(1931) 4313:(1930) 4305:(1929) 4297:(1928) 4289:(1927) 4281:(1926) 4273:(1925) 4265:(1924) 4257:(1923) 4249:(1922) 4241:(1921) 4233:(1920) 4225:(1919) 4217:(1918) 4209:(1917) 4201:(1916) 4193:(1915) 4185:(1914) 4177:(1913) 4169:(1912) 4161:(1911) 4153:(1910) 4145:(1909) 4137:(1908) 4129:(1907) 4121:(1906) 4113:(1905) 4105:(1904) 4097:(1903) 4089:(1902) 4081:(1901) 3761:Stylos 3716:Armeni 3680:Petras 3670:Lakkos 3640:Kommos 3614:Zakros 3534:Topics 3351: 3326: 3301: 3278: 3259: 3219: 2984: 2978:624176 2976: 2855:623870 2853: 2792: 2786:623973 2784: 2618:Ragusa 2527:9 June 2456:9 June 2356:9 June 2296: 1980: 1877: 1795: 1582: 1252:Tiryns 1233:palace 1101:firman 1097:pashas 1070:Zagreb 936:Belgae 762:Wookey 665:Bosnia 589:Career 475:. 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